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-1-第2讲冠词在语法填空中解答有关冠词的题目时，要明确设空处是特指还是泛指(还要知晓a与an的区别)；在短文改错中，除了判断泛指或特指外，还要注意单数可数名词前必须有冠词而不可数名词或可数名词复数前除特指时用定冠词the外，一般不用

冠词，同时对含有冠词的固定搭配也应熟练掌握。考点感悟语法填空语法填空对冠词的考查主要是不定冠词和定冠词的基本用法及固定搭配。感1.(2019·山西太原五中高三下学期)Whilenoeveryonewillhavepondered(思索)thesubjec

twhilestaringoutofthewindowduring________flight,thequestionastowhyaeroplaneshavecircularwindowsratherthansquareonesisinteresting.答案：a此处用不定冠词来

表示泛指一类事情，故答案为a。2.(2019·湖北黄冈高三联考)HanHaihuadescribed________formofbullfightingheteachesastheexplosivepowerofhard“qigong”，sayingitcomb

inestheskillandspeedofmartialartswithtraditionalwrestlingmoves.答案：the分析句子可知，特指HanHaihua所教的斗牛形式，所以用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。3

.(2019·福建厦门高三下学期质检)With________seriesofwell-plannedandtourist-friendlyculturalactivities,thePalaceMuseumi

snowonacampaigntomaketraditionalChineseculturemoreaccessibletothegeneralpublic.答案：a表示“一系列的……”应用aseriesof...，故该空填冠词a。4.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Giveyourbodyandb

rainarestbysteppingoutsidefor________while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.答案：aforawhile“一会儿”为固定搭配。5.(2

015·全国卷Ⅱ)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven________mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.答案：the最高级前应用定

冠词the。悟1.学会判断是否填冠词①如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词，则很可能填冠-2-词；②如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“一”的概念，一般填a/an，如果翻译成“这/那”的概念，一般填the；

③如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语，则很可能填the。2.熟记含冠词的固定搭配参见后文“考点素能三”中的内容。短文改错短文改错中主要考查不定冠词a和an及不定冠词与定冠词的错用、冠词的缺失与多余，尤其要注意固定搭配。感1.(2019·安徽示范性高中皖北协作区高三联考)Ont

hirdday,ourbuspulledintoamotorwayservicestation._____________________答案：third前加the表示顺序的序数词前需加定冠词，故在third前加the。2.(2019·四川遂宁市高三第三次诊断)Acarra

nintoatruckandfortunately,nobodygotinjured.Whowillberesponsibleforanaccidentisstillunderinvestigation._______

______________答案：an→the本句中是特指这次“一辆小汽车撞上了一辆卡车”的事故，因此要用特指，而不是泛指，故把an改为the。3.(2019·广东省湛江市高三调研)Halfahourlater,Imanagedtofindthecorrectans

wer._____________________答案：a→anhour首字母的发音为元音音素。故将a改为an。4.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisions

bymyself._____________________答案：去掉theatfirst意为“起初，一开始”，为固定短语。悟1.要知晓何为泛指何为特指参见后文“考点素能一”中所讲。2.冠词的错用表示泛指时用不定冠词(元音音素前用an，辅音音素前用a)，表示特指时用定冠词the。3.单数可数名

词前冠词的缺失一般来说单数可数名词前应有适当的冠词，然后可根据泛指、特指去判断应用何冠词。-3-4.冠词的多余一看到不可数名词或可数名词复数表泛指应考虑到是否多用了冠词。5.两种基础要打牢一是定冠词the的常用情况，二是含有定冠词、不定冠词及零冠词的固定短语，这些都是

基础，记住才是硬道理。考点素能一明确冠词的泛指与特指1．泛指：不定冠词用在首次提到的或不限定的单数可数名词前表泛指。2．特指：①用在上文提到的人或物前；②用在被限制性修饰语加以限定的人或物前；③用在双方默

认的特定的人或物前。二掌握必用定冠词的情况1．the用在最高级或序数词前面或由only,very,same等修饰的名词前面。IsthisthefirsttimeyouhavevisitedQingdao?这是你第一次游览青岛吗？Chinaisoneof

therichestcountriesinnaturalresourcesintheworld.在自然资源方面，中国是世界上最富有的国家之一。2．the用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用

于形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。thewounded伤员therich富人TheGreensareonholidaynow.格林一家(夫妇)现在正在度假。3．the用在年代、朝代及逢十的数词(表示某个年代)前。theTangDynasty唐朝inthe1990's在20世纪9

0年代4．the与形容词或副词的比较级连用，一般用于以下两种情况：①用于“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构中，表示“越……越……”之意。Themorewedoforthepeople,thehappierwe'llbe.我们为人民

做得越多就越幸福。②用在“the＋比较级＋ofthetwo”结构中，表示“两个中较……的一个”。Sheisthetallerofthetwogirls.她是两个女孩子中个子较高的那一个。5．用于固定结构“动词＋sb.＋介词＋th

e＋身体某一部位”中。Anapplefellfromthetreeandhithimonthehead.-4-一个苹果从树上落下，砸在了他的头上。6．用在表示度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。如bythehour/da

y/week/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo，但size/weight/time这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。Wegotpaidbythemonth.我们按月计酬。Meatissoldbyweight.肉按重量出售。三熟记常考固定搭配1．含不定冠词的固定搭配

asaresult因此asarule通常asawhole总体上ataloss不知所措inahurry匆忙inaword总之payavisitto拜访putanendto结束onceinawhile偶尔onceuponatime从前allofasu

dden突然beonadiet节食inashortwhile不久have/catchacold感冒makealiving谋生have/takearest休息asamatteroffact事实上inasense在某种意义上inaway在

某种程度上keepaneyeon照看，留意haveagiftfor在某方面有天赋givesb.alift让某人搭便车2．含定冠词的固定搭配intheend最后intheway挡道inthedistance在远处bytheway顺便说一下ont

hewhole总的来说atthesametime同时totellthetruth说实话forthetimebeing暂时onthespot在现场notintheleast一点也不theotherday前几天takethepla

ceof代替atthemoment此刻，目前tothepoint切题makethemost/bestof充分利用ontheotherhand另一方面inthemiddleof在……中间3．含零冠词的固定搭配-5-a

tpresent目前takepartin参加inpeace平静bychance/accident碰巧onpurpose故意loseheart灰心outofcontrol失控outofwork失业aheadoftime提前inadvance提前bylaw根据法律bymistake由于差

错underrepair处于维修中dayandnight整日整夜atrisk有危险indanger处于危险之中frommorningtillnight从早到晚onsecondthoughts再想一想过关检测(限时：30分钟)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Ifyourpa

rentsseethatyouhave________highsenseofresponsibility,theywillgiveyoutherighttodowhatyouwanttodo.答案：a2

．Hebecameoneof________mostpopularstarsofAmericantelevision.答案：the3．Youcanalwayskeepyourselfinterestedanditca

nhelpyouhave________enjoyabletimeifyoulikereading.答案：an4．________Smithsyouarelookingfornolongerlivehere.答案：The5．Jane'sgrandmotherhadwantedtowrite__

______children'sbookformanyyears,butonethingoranotheralwaysgotin________way.答案：a;the6．Ijustheard________bankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedby________gunmanw

earingamask.答案：the;a7．Theparentswereshockedby________newsthattheirsonneed________operationonhisknee.答案：the;an8．H

ewasdrivingat50miles________hour.答案：an9．Theeducationof________youngisalwaysaserioustopic.答案：the-6-10．—Haveyoulistenedto________weatherforecast,Lind

a?—Yes.Itsaysthattherewillbeaheavyrainthisweekend.答案：theⅡ.单句改错1．Aneighteenthcenturywasthegoldenageofthenovel.___________

__________答案：An→The2．Weweretouchedbysuchaactofkindnessonahotday._____________________答案：第一个a→an3．IntheSpringFestival,myfamilyandIwenttoBei

jingandhaddifferentholiday._____________________答案：different前加a4．IwaswalkingtoschoolthismorningwhenIcaughtasighto

fanoldwomanwithawalkingsticklyingontheground._____________________答案：去掉sight前的a5．Finally,Iacceptedtheofferof

a80－year－oldpeasantwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse._____________________答案：第一个a→an6．AChinesepeopleareindustriousandbrave._____________________答案：A

→The7．Thankyouforsendingusfreshvegetablesofmanykinds,andyouhaveofferedgreatservice.____________________

_答案：great前加a8．Weallneedthecleanworldtolivein,soweshoulddosomethingtostopthepollution.___________________

__答案：第一个the→a9．Myaunt,asaeasy－goingoldlady,didgiveusasurprisewhenshelosthertemperatthefamilypartyyesterday._____________________-7-答案：a

→an10．Thereportsaidthatabuswentoutofcontrolonahighwaythesouthofthecityandrushedintoariver._____________________答案：去掉south前的theⅢ.语法填空ThatBeijing,tog

etherwithZhangjiakou,succeededin__1__(get)thechancetohostthe2022WinterOlympicGames,speedsupthedevelopmentofZhangjiakouCity.Wordcame__2__theBe

ijing－Zhangjiakouhigh－speedrailway,__3__(locate)inNorthChina,iscurrentlyunderconstruction,and__4__(expec

t)tobecompletedby2020inpreparationforthecitiestohostthe2022WinterOlympics.StartingfromBeijingNorthRailwayStation,headingwestthroughtheG

reatWallthreetimesinthecapital'sterritory,theprojectisabigchallenge,__5__designerssaytheexplosionsneededtodigthe

tunnelswillnothaveanimpactonthestructure.Thelinehasa__6__(long)of174kmasadouble－trackedpassengerdedicatedline,withte

nstationssituatedalongitsroute.Havinga__7__(totally)investmentof31.17billionyuan($5billion),thetripbetweenthetwociti

eswillonlytake40minutes,withthetrain__8__(travel)atanaverageof250km/h.Accordingtotheplan,thehigh－speedrailwaywi

llbuildtwobranchlines—oneistoYanqingStationandtheother__9__TaizichengofChongli,__10__theOlympicvillagelies.Thef

ullrailway,whichincludes70－kilometersectionthroughBeijing,willbecompletedinfourandahalfyears.1．________2.________3.__

______4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述北京和张家口将在2022年联手举办冬奥会，因此一条从北京到张家口的高速铁路预计将在2020年竣工。1．g

etting考查固定搭配。succeedindoingsth.“成功做成某事”，为固定搭配，故填getting。2．that考查连接词。wordcamethat...“消息传来……”，为固定搭配，此处是that引导的同位语从句，故填that。3．located考查非谓语动词。b

elocatedin“坐落在……”，为固定搭配，此处是过去分词作定语，故填located。4．isexpected考查动词的时态和语态。句意：北京到张家口的高速铁路预-8-计在2020年完成。根据句意可知用一般现在时的被动语态，故填isexpected。

5．but考查连词。根据句意可知此处表示转折，故填but。6．length考查词性转换。此处表示“长度”，故填long的名词形式length。7．total考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，故填total。8．travel(l)ing考查非谓语动词

。此处是with的复合结构，表示主动，故填travel(l)ing。9．to考查介词。此处表示“到……”，故填to。10．where考查定语从句的引导词。此处TaizichengofChongli为先行词，关系词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。Ⅳ.

短文改错Dearfriends，ItisagreathonortosharewithyoumyexperienceinmakingEnglishspeeches.Totellatruth,myspokenEnglish

usedtobeabigheadacheforme.Duetomyterriblepronunciation,Ioftengotmisunderstoodorevenlaughedbyothers.Ineversucceedinspee

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effortwasfinallypaidoff.Imadesteadilyprogressandmanagedtowinprizesinsomespeechcompetition.Soproblemscanhelpusgrowifwedealwithitbravelyandproperly

.ThisiswhichI'velearnedfrommyexperience.答案：Dearfriends，ItisagreathonortosharewithyoumyexperienceinmakingEnglishs

peeches.Totella①thetruth,myspokenEnglishusedtobeabigheadacheforme.Duetomyterriblepronunciation,Ioftengotmisunderstoodorev

enlaughed∧②atbyothers.Ineversucceed③succeededinspeechcompetitions.Therefore④However，Irefusedtogiveup.EverydayIspenttwohourslis

ten⑤listeningtoEnglishprogramstoimprovemyoralskills.Tomyjoy,myeffort-9-finallypaidoff.Imadesteadily⑦steadypro

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swhich⑩whatI'velearnedfrommyexperience.