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专题06生态环保篇（二）Text51（2023秋·湖北·高一校联考期末）Barredowls(大林鸮猫头鹰)arealargespeciesnativetoeasternNorthAmerica,buttheybeganmovin

gwestatthestartofthe20thcentury.By1973,largenumbersofbarredowlshadarrivedinthewesternstateofWashington.LatertheymovedsouthintoOregon

andCalifornia.InpartsofthePacificNorthwest,theowlsarenowbelievedtobecausingadropinthepopulationofasmalle

r,lessaggressivebird:thenorthernspottedowl.Inmanyways,thebarredowlisthespottedowl’sworstenemy.Thebarredowlhasmorebabiesperyearandeatsthesamea

nimals,likesquirrelsandwoodrats.Andtheirnumbersarenowlargerinmanypartsofthespottedowl’straditionalterritory(领地).DavidWiensisabiologistwiththeU.S.Geol

ogicalSurvey.Heandotherofficialsaredoingsomethingunusualtoprotectspottedowls:killingbarredowls.Itisanexper

imentalprogram.Morethan2,400barredowlshavealreadybeenshot.Wiensisthesonofawell-knownbirdexpertandgrewupwiththefascinationforbirds.

Hehasmixedfeelingsabouttheprogram.“It’salittledistasteful,Ithink,togooutkillingbarredowlstosaveanotherowlspecies,”hesays.Butheadds,“Weknewtha

tbarredowlswereoutcompetingspottedowlsandtheirnumbersweregrowingtoofast.”Tocatchbarredowls,officialsputdigita

l(电子的)birdcallersontheground.Thentheystepbackandwaitasseveralsoundsfromthedevicesfilltheair.Allofthishappensinthedarkofnight.Barredowlsdislikeoth

erbirdsintheirterritory,sotheywillflydownandchaseotherowlsout.ThatiswhenWiensandhisteamtrytoshootthem.1．Wha

t’sthemainproblemwithspottedowls?A．Theyhavenofood.B．Theyhavemorebabieseachyear.C．Theyarehuntedbyman.D．Barredowlstakemanypa

rtsoftheirterritory.2．Whyarebarredowlsbeingkilled?A．Theyareeatingthespottedowls.B．Theyarekillingeachothertosurviv

e.C．Theyareputtingthespottedowlsindanger.D．Theyaredestroyinglargeareasofforests.3．Whydidtheofficialsputdigitalbirdcallers?A．Tokillb

arredowls.B．Topuzzlebarredowls.C．Toprotectbarredowls.D．Tofrightenbarredowls.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．KeepingtheBalanceofNatureB．Prev

entingBirdsfromPlayingFairC．ProtectingBirdsinDangerD．KillingOneAnimaltoSaveAnother【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是因为大林鸮猫头鹰入侵了斑点猫头鹰的生活领地，导致斑点猫头鹰数

量下降，于是政府官员决定采取一系列的措施杀死大林鸮猫头鹰来拯救斑点猫头鹰。1．【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“InpartsofthePacificNorthwest,theowlsarenowbelievedtobecausingadropinthepopulationofasmal

ler,lessaggressivebird:thenorthernspottedowl.Inmanyways,thebarredowlisthespottedowl’sworstenemy.(据信，在太平洋西北部的部分地区，这种猫头鹰导致了一种较小的、攻击性

较弱的鸟类：北方斑点猫头鹰的数量下降。在很多方面，大林鸮猫头鹰是斑点猫头鹰最大的敌人)”可知，斑点猫头鹰的主要问题是它们的领地被另一种猫头鹰入侵了。故选D项。2．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“InpartsofthePacificNorthwest,theowlsarenowbel

ievedtobecausingadropinthepopulationofasmaller,lessaggressivebird:thenorthernspottedowl.Inmanyways,thebarredowlisthespottedowl'sworst

enemy.Thebarredowlhasmorebabiesperyearandeatsthesameanimals,likesquirrelsandwoodrats.Andtheirnumbersare

nowlargerinmanypartsofthespottedowl’straditionalterritory.(据信，在太平洋西北部的部分地区，这种猫头鹰导致了一种较小的、攻击性较弱的鸟类：北方斑点猫头鹰的数

量下降。在很多方面，大林鸮猫头鹰是斑点猫头鹰最大的敌人。大林鸮猫头鹰每年生更多的孩子，并且吃同样的动物，比如松鼠和木鼠。在斑点猫头鹰传统领地的许多地方，它们的数量现在都增加了)”以及第三段中“Heandotherofficial

saredoingsomethingunusualtoprotectspottedowls:killingbarredowls.(他和其他官员正在采取不同寻常的措施来保护斑点猫头鹰：杀死大林鸮猫头鹰)”可

知，大林鸮猫头鹰被杀死是因为斑点猫头鹰最大的敌人，它们的大量存在使斑点猫头鹰处于危险之中。故选C项。3．【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Heandotherofficialsaredoingsomethingunusualtoprotectspotted

owls:killingbarredowls.(他和其他官员正在采取不同寻常的措施来保护斑点猫头鹰：杀死大林鸮猫头鹰)”以及最后一段“Tocatchbarredowls,officialsputdigitalbirdcallerson

theground.Thentheystepbackandwaitasseveralsoundsfromthedevicesfilltheair.Allofthishappensinthedarkofnight.Barredo

wlsdislikeotherbirdsintheirterritory,sotheywillflydownandchaseotherowlsout.ThatiswhenWiensandhisteamtrytoshootthem.(为了捕捉大林鸮的猫头鹰，官员们在地面上放置了数字鸟类

呼叫器。然后，他们退后一步，等待着这些设备发出的声音充满空气。这一切都发生在黑夜里。大林鸮猫头鹰不喜欢自己领地内的其他鸟类，所以它们会飞下来把其他猫头鹰赶走。这时，Wiens和他的团队试着把它们射下来)”

可知，官员们安装数字鸟类呼叫器是为了杀死大林鸮猫头鹰。故选A项。4．【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Heandotherofficialsaredoingsomethingunusualtoprotectspottedowls:killingbarredowls.(他和其

他官员正在采取不同寻常的措施来保护斑点猫头鹰：杀死大林鸮猫头鹰)”以及文章其他段落可知，文章主要介绍了因为大林鸮猫头鹰入侵了斑点猫头鹰的生活领地，导致斑点猫头鹰数量下降，于是政府官员决定采取一系列的措施杀死大林鸮猫头鹰来拯救斑点猫头鹰，所以

文章主要围绕着政府官员如何杀死大林鸮猫头鹰来拯救斑点猫头鹰来展开。由此可知，D选项“KillingOneAnimaltoSaveAnother.(杀死一种动物来拯救另一种)”概括全文主要内容，作为文章标题最合适。故选D项。Text52（2023秋·河北保定·高一统考期末）Severalda

ysofunusualwarmweatherinnorthernGreenlandhavecausedrapidmelting(融化).“Temperatureshavebeenrunningaround-12.2℃-15.5℃.Itiswarmerthannormalfo

rthistimeofyear,”scientistssaid.TheamountoficethatmeltedinGreenlandbetweenJuly15andJuly17alone—6billiontonsofwaterperda

y—wouldbeenoughtofill7.2millionOlympic-sizedswimmingpools,accordingtothereportfromtheNationalSnowandIceDataCenter.Putanotherway,itwa

senoughtocoverthewholestateofWestVirginiawithafootofwater.Forthescientistsoutontheicesheet(冰盖),thewarmthhasb

eenalarming.“Itreallymakesmeanxious,”saidKutalmisSaylam,ascientistwhoisnowworkinginGreenland.“Yesterday,wecouldhangaboutinourT-shirts,w

hichwasnotreallyexpected.SinceGreenlandholdsenoughice,sealevelwouldriseby7.5metersaroundtheworldificeallmelted.”In2020,

scientistsfoundthatGreenland’sicesheethadmeltedbeyondthepointofnoreturn.“Noeffortstopreventglobalwarmingcanstopitfromfinallybreakingintosmallparts,”

saidresearchers.AslakGrinsted,aclimatescientist,saidthattheyweretryingtogetflightsintothecampsotheycanshipouttheicecores(冰芯)theyhadrecentlyc

ollected.Butthewarmthisdestabilizingthelandingsite.“Theweatherweareseeingrightnowistoohotfortheski-equippedplanestoland,”Gr

instedsaid.“Sowestoretheicecoresinlargecaveswehavemadeintothesnowtoprotectitfromtheheatofthesummer.”Scientistsmadeuseoftheabnormalwarmthwhilethey

werewaiting,playingvolleyballintheirshortsonanicesheetatthetopoftheworld.Grinstedreferredtothetemperaturesas

aheatwave,andnotedthatthepossibilityoftemperaturesgettingthishotwasclearlyconnectedtoglobalwarming.5．Howdoestheauthorsupportthetopicofpar

agraph1?A．Byexploringreasons.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Bydesigningthenumbers.D．Bydoingsomeexperiments.6．WhatdidKutalmismeaninparagraph2?A

．HedislikedwearingaT-shirt.B．Heworriedaboutthewarmth.C．Hewasdeeplyimpressedbytheice.D．Hewasthirstyforenjoyingthesea

view.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“destabilizing“meaninparagraph4?A．Quitting.B．Improving.C．Sheltering.D．Destroying.8．Wh

atwilltheauthorprobablydointhefollowingparagraph?A．RecommendvisitingGreenland.B．Describehowtoshipouttheicecore.C．Callonpeopletoprotecttheenvironment.

D．Plantoorganizeasportsmeetingonice.【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了格陵兰岛北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致冰川快速融化，这种温暖令人担忧。5．【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“Temp

eratureshavebeenrunningaround-12.2℃-15.5℃.Itiswarmerthannormalforthistimeofyear(气温一直在-12.2℃-15.5℃左右。今年这个时候比正常情况要暖和。)”可知作者通过比较来支持第一段的主

题，故选B。6．【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Forthescientistsoutontheicesheet(冰盖),thewarmthhasbeenalarming.‘Itreallymakesmeanxious,’saidKutalmisSaylam(对于冰盖上的科学家来

说，这种温暖令人担忧“这真的让我很焦虑，”KutalmisSaylam说)”可知在第二段中的Kutalmis的意思是他很担心变暖，故选B。7．【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。文章第四段划线单词后文讲到“Theweatherweareseeingrightnowistoohot

fortheski-equippedplanestoland(我们现在看到的天气太热，滑雪飞机无法降落)”可知飞机无法降落的原因是上文提到的“Butthewarmthisdestabilizingthel

andingsite(但这种温暖正在破坏着陆点的稳定)”可知降落地点遭到破坏，带下划线单词的意思是“破坏”，故选D。8．【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。本文主要介绍了格陵兰岛北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致

冰川快速融化，这种温暖令人担忧。文章最后一段讲到“Grinstedreferredtothetemperaturesasaheatwave,andnotedthatthepossibilityoftemperaturesgettingthishotwas

clearlyconnectedtoglobalwarming.(Grinsted将温度称为热浪，并指出温度升高的可能性显然与全球变暖有关。)”可推理作者在下一段中可能会呼吁人们保护环境，故选C。Text53（2022秋·陕西渭南·高一统考期末）Wolvesoncerangedovermo

stofNorthAmerica.Buttheywerenearlywipedoutbytheearly20thcenturyintheneighborU.S.bywidespreadhuntingandtrapping.Muchofthemweref

undedbygovernment,andonlyasmallpopulationwerehangingonintheGreatLakesregion.TheywereputontheEndangeredSpeciesListinthe1970s,a

ndin1995and1996thefederalgovernmentreintroducedwolvestoYellowstoneNationalParkandIdaho.Butwolvesstilldon’thavestablen

umbersinColorado.Votersnarrowly(勉强地)approvedaproposal,givingthewayforgraywolvestobereintroducedintoColorado,w

heretheynearlydiedoutbythe1940s.ColoradoParksandWildlifewillleadtheefforttoestablishasustainable(可持续的)populationo

ftheanimalsinthewesternpartofthestate,beginningin2022or2023.TheSouthernRockyMountainscontainmillionsof

acresofsuitablehabitatlandthatcouldsupportseveralhundredwolvesormore,biologistssay.Thosewhowereagainsttheproposaladmittedtheylost,butthevotewa

sclose.AsofThursdayafternoon,with90percentofthevotesin,therewere1,495,523votesforand1,475,235against.“Reintroducingwolveswillhelpthinou

tsickanimals,keepinghealthypopulationsofdeer,andthusprotectingthegrassandreducingerosion(土壤侵蚀).”saysJonathanProctor.Peopleinruralareasareagain

stthereintroductionproposal,includingfarmers,whoworrythatwolveswillkilltheircattle.Manydon’tagreetoleavethequestionofreintroductiontovoters.Supporter

spointtothesuccessfulreintroductionofwolvestotheNorthernRockiesinthe1990s,whereonlyonein10,000cattlei

nwolf-occupiedcountiesiskilledbythehunters,Proctorsays.TheColoradoproposalwillalsofundaprogramtomakeupforthefar

manimalsbeingkilled.9．What’sthefunctionofParagraph1?A．Findingtypicalexamples.B．Introducingwildliferesearch.C．Givingthereas

onfortheproposal.D．Discussingthenumbersaboutmigration.10．Thelocalfarmersareagainstthereintroductionpr

oposalbecausetheythinkthewolveswill___________.A．killtheircattleB．causeerosionC．thinoutsickanimalsD．pro

tectthegrass11．Whatisthepurposeofreintroducingwolves?A．Toincreasethefarmers’interests.B．TokeepColorado’snaturalbalance.C．Tocontributetogradualsoiler

osion.D．Tocauseconcernabouttheclimatechange.12．Whatwillthelocalfarmersgetfromtheproposal?A．Suggestionsfr

ombiologists.B．Extrafundforlosingfarmanimals.C．Knowledgeofraisingfarmanimals.D．Therighttoreclaimtheirvaluableland.【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由

于广泛的捕猎和诱捕，导致狼的数量急剧减少，因此美国科罗拉多州颁布一项提案，重新引入灰狼，以保持当地的自然平衡。9．【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“WolvesoncerangedovermostofNorthAmerica.Buttheywerenearlywi

pedoutbytheearly20thcenturyintheneighborU.S.bywidespreadhuntingandtrapping.Muchofthemwerefundedbygovernment,andonlyasma

llpopulationwerehangingonintheGreatLakesregion.TheywereputontheEndangeredSpeciesListinthe1970s,andin1

995and1996thefederalgovernmentreintroducedwolvestoYellowstoneNationalParkandIdaho.Butwolvesstilldon’thavestablenumbersinColo

rado.”(狼曾经遍布北美大部分地区。但到20世纪初，由于广泛的狩猎和诱捕，它们在邻国美国几乎灭绝。其中大部分是由政府资助的，只有一小部分人在五大湖地区继续生存。它们在20世纪70年代被列入濒危物种名单，1995年和1996年，联邦政府将狼重新

引入黄石国家公园和爱达荷州。但在科罗拉多州，狼的数量仍然不稳定。)可知，第一段陈述了由于广泛的捕猎和诱捕，狼的数量急剧减少，在20世纪70年代被列入濒危物种名单；再根据第一段关键句“Votersnarrowly(勉强地)approvedap

roposal,givingthewayforgraywolvestobereintroducedintoColorado,wheretheynearlydiedoutbythe1940s.”（选民们以微弱优势通过了一项提案，为灰狼重新引入科罗拉多州铺平了道路，在20世纪40年代，灰狼几乎在科罗拉

多州灭绝。）可知，后文介绍了正是因为狼的数量急剧减少，所以选民们通过了一项提案，将灰狼重新引入科罗拉多州，接下来的段落里介绍了提案的好处和人们对提案的看法，由此可知，第1段的作用是给出提案被提出的原因。故选C项。10．【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“People

inruralareasareagainstthereintroductionproposal,includingfarmers,whoworrythatwolveswillkilltheircattle.”（农村地区的人们反对这项重新引入的提议，包括农民，他们担

心狼会杀死他们的牛。）可知，当地的农民反对重新引进狼群的提议，因为他们认为这是狼群会杀死他们的牛。故选A。11．【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“‘Reintroducingwolveswillhelpthinoutsickanimals,keepinghealthypopul

ationsofdeer,andthusprotectingthegrassandreducingerosion(土壤侵蚀).”saysJonathanProctor.”（乔纳森·普罗克特说：“重新引入狼将有助于减少生病的动物，保

持健康的鹿群的数量，从而保护草地，减少土壤侵蚀”。）可知，重新引入狼可以减少生病的动物，从而保护草地，减少土壤侵蚀，这将会对保持科罗拉多州的自然平衡有利，由此可知，重新引入狼的目的是保持科罗拉多州的自然平衡。故选B

项。12．【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Peopleinruralareasareagainstthereintroductionproposal,includingfarmers,whowor

rythatwolveswillkilltheircattle.”（农村地区的人们反对这项重新引入的提议，包括农民，他们担心狼会杀死他们的牛。）和最后一段关键句“TheColoradoproposalwillalsofundapro

gramtomakeupforthefarmanimalsbeingkilled.”（科罗拉多州的提案还将为一项计划提供资金，以补偿被杀的农场动物。）可知，农民担心狼会杀死他们的牛，反对这项提案，因此，这项

提案还将为一项计划提供资金，以补偿被杀的农场动物，由此可知，当地农民将从该提案中得到因损失农场动物获得的额外资金。故选B项。Text54（2023秋·甘肃庆阳·高一统考期末）Onemillionspeciesfaceextinctio

n,morethaneverbeforeinhumanhistory,accordingtoaUNreportreleasedinMay.Andhumansshouldberesponsible.TheInt

ergovernmentalPlatformonBiodiversityandEcosystemServices(IPBES)basedtheassessment(评估)onsome15,000sourcesconsideringthecausesandresultso

fenviron-mentalchangesoverthepast50years.Thefindingsareclearandalarming.Theresearchershavefoundthatabout25percentoftheworld’splantsandani

malsareatriskofextinction.Theseincludeseaandlandanimals.Eventhedomesticated(驯养的)animalsareatrisk:Over9percentofthedomesticatedani

-malspeciesusedforfoodandagriculturemighthavebeenlost.Therearesomebigproblems.Thisrapiddecreaseofthenaturalw

orldendangersglobalfoodsafetyandqualityoflife.Forexample,about4billionpeoplerelyonnaturalmedicines,producedbythedisappearingspecies,

fortheirhealthcare.Andlossesofspeciesthatpollinate(授粉)plantsthreatenupto＄577billionincropseachyear.Theresear

chersidentifiedfivedriversresponsiblefortheunpleasantnews.Theythinkatthetopofthelististhechangeoflandandseause.Thechang

einecosystemstowardsagriculture,aquacultureandotherhumandevelopmentshasledtochangesinthenaturallivingspaceofspecies.Itisfollowedbythedirecto

veruseofcreatures(harvestingcrops,cuttingdownthetrees,huntingandfishing)andclimatechange,includingrisingsealevels

andincreasingextreme-weatherevents,wildfires,floodsanddroughts.Thefinalcausesofspeciesextinctionarepollution,especiallyplas

tics,andthespreadofnon-nativespeciesthatcandisplaceorkillnativeplantsandanimals.Theresearcherssayitistimeforhumanstomakeachange.Theythin

kmaybeanewglobalwaytosavefoodandrefusewasteinourlifecouldturnthetables.Whetherthatispossibleisanopenquestion.

13．Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroducethetopicofthetext.B．Tointroducethescheduleoftherep

ort.C．Tointroducehumans’senseofresponsibility.D．Tointroducethehistoryofhumandevelopment.14．Whatdoesparagraph

3mainlyshow?A．Thereliabilityofthefindings.B．Thespeciesofanimalsworldwide.C．Theseriousnessofspecies’reduction.D．Therisk

yexperiencesoftheresearchers.15．Whatisthebiggestthreatofspecies’survivalaccordingtotheresearchers?A．Climatechange.B．Naturaldis

asters.C．Changesoftheirlivingspace.D．Thedirectoveruseofcreatures.16．Whataretheresearchersinfavorof?A．Changingourlivinghabits.B．Spr

eadingnon-nativespecies.C．Limitingnativeplantsandanimals.D．Stoppingdiscussingthefoodproblem.【导语】本文是一

篇说明文。介绍的是联合国的一份报告表明，现在世界上有100多万物种面临灭绝，分析了物种灭绝的原因以及对人类造成的后果，并呼吁人类应该做出改变。13．推理判断题。根据首段“Onemillionspeciesfa

ceextinction,morethaneverbeforeinhumanhistory,accordingtoaUNreportreleasedinMay.Andhumansshouldberesponsible.(根据联合国

5月发布的一份报告，有100万个物种面临灭绝，比人类历史上任何时候都多。人类应该为此负责。)”可知，首段引用联合国公布的一项报告，说明世界上物种灭绝严重，结合下文对物种灭绝的原因和后果进行分析可以判断，首段的目的是引出本文的话题。故选A项。14．主旨大意题。根据第三段中

的“Thefindingsareclearandalarming.Theresearchershavefoundthatabout25percentoftheworld’splantsandanimalsarea

triskofextinction.(调查结果是明确和令人震惊的。研究人员发现，世界上约有25%的植物和动物面临灭绝的危险。)”可知，对于物种灭绝的数量研究结果令人震惊，世界上25%的动植物处于灭绝的危险中，这说明了物种灭绝严重。故

选C项。15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Theresearchersidentifiedfivedriversresponsiblefortheunpleasantnews.Theythinkatthetopofthelistist

hechangeoflandandseause.(研究人员确定了造成这一令人不快的消息的推手。他们认为排在首位的是土地和海洋用途的变化。)”可知，造成物种灭绝的威胁中排在最前面的是土地和海洋用途的变化。故选C项。16．推理判断题。根据最

后一段中的“Theresearcherssayitistimeforhumanstomakeachange.Theythinkmaybeanewglobalwaytosavefoodandrefusewasteinou

rlifecouldturnthetables.(研究人员说，现在是人类做出改变的时候了。他们认为，也许一种新的全球方法来节省食物和拒绝我们生活中的浪费可以扭转局面。)”可知，研究者说我们人类应该做出改变了，一种新的全球方法来节省食物和拒绝我们生活中的浪费可以扭转

局面，由此可推断，研究者支持“改变生活习惯”这一观点。故选A项。Text55（2023秋·湖北·高一统考期末）Rescueworkersandthousandsofvolunteersarenottheonlyoneswhohavewonheartsandmindsforthe

irheroiceffortsinthesearchforsurvivorsafterTuesday’spowerfulearthquakeinMexico.Fifteendogsfromthenavy’scanine(犬科的)un

ithaveassistedthisweekintherescueeffortsatthesitesofcollapsedbuildingsacrossMexicoCity,wheremorethan50peoplehavebeenpulledalivefromther

uins.OfthecanineheroesnoneismorefamousorlovedthanFrida,asix-year-oldwhiteLabradorwhoinheroutstandingservicehasw

onpraiseforherabilitytodetect(探测)peoplewhohavebeentrappedbyvariousnaturaldisasters.Overheradmirablecareershehasfound

52peopleincluding12survivorsinMexicoandotherLatinAmericancountries.Thisweek,FridaandEvilandEcho-twoBelgianSheph

erdsthathavealsobeenspeciallytrainedforrescueeffortsweresenttothesiteofthecollapsedEnriqueRebsamenschoolinsou

thernMexicoCity.Equippedwithgogglesthatprotecthereyesfromdustandsmoke,bootstopreventdamagetoherpawswhilesheclimbsoverroughrui

ns,Fridatookupherworklookingintoeverybitoftheruins.IfFridadetectsthepresenceofasurvivor,sheistrainedtobarktowarnrescueworkersbutifshedetectsaco

rpseshestopssuddenlybeforecontinuing,herhandlerexplained.Elevenchildrenwererescuedfromruinsattheschoolbutthistimehumanr

escueworkersratherthanthedogsweretheoneswholocatedthem.However,thathasn’tstoppedFridafrombecomingasocialmediastarandwinning

famethisweek.VideosandothersocialmediapoststhathighlighttheworkofFridaandherimpressiverecordofdetectingpeopletrappedbyna

turaldisastersspreadquicklyonline.Whileshehasyettodetectanyonetrappedintheruinsthisweek,sheandotherrescuedogsarecontinuingtoworktirelessl

y,searchingthroughspacesthathumanscannotreach.Withthepossibilitythattherearestillpeopletrappedalive,timewilltellwhethersheaddstoherr

escuerecord.17．WhatmakesFridaasocialmediastar?A．Herabilitytosearchspacesbeyondhumans’reach.B．Herworkingtogetherwiththerescueteam.C．He

rcoolappearancewithspecialdesigns.D．Herrescuerecordsandtirelesswork.18．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“corpse”inparagraph5probablym

ean?A．AspecialsignalB．AdeadbodyC．AninjuredanimalD．Anarticleofclothing19．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastpar

agraph?A．Therestoftherescuewillbedonebydogs.B．Moredogswillbesenttothearea.C．Fridawillprobablydoagreatjob.D．Fridaw

illgetnothing.20．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．SpecialRescuersinMexicoB．PowerfulEarthquakesinMexicoC．PeopleWaiti

ngforRescueD．ChildrenSurvivingNaturalDisasters【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍的是墨西哥发生强烈地震后，来自海军犬队的十五只狗协助了救援工作，将50多人从废墟中救出。17．细节理解题。根据第七段最后一句“V

ideosandothersocialmediapoststhathighlighttheworkofFridaandherimpressiverecordofdetectingpeopletrappedbynaturaldisastersspreadquicklyonline.(视频

和其他社交媒体帖子在网上迅速传播，这些视频和帖子强调了弗里达的工作以及她在探测自然灾害受困人员方面令人印象深刻的记录)”可知，使弗里达成为社交媒体明星的是她的营救纪录和孜孜不倦的工作。故选D项。18．词句猜测题。根据第五段“IfFridadetectsthepresence

ofasurvivor,sheistrainedtobarktowarnrescueworkersbutifshedetectsacorpseshestopssuddenlybeforecontinuing,herhandle

rexplained.(如果弗里达发现幸存者，她会吠叫以提醒救援人员，但如果发现corpse，她会突然停下来)”可知，如果弗里达发现幸存者，她会吠叫以提醒救援人员，由but可知，前后是转折对比关系，由此可知，后文

指如果她发现死者，就会突然停下，划线部分意为“死者，尸体”。故选B项。19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whileshehasyettodetectanyonetrappedintheruinsthisweek,sheandotherrescuedogsarecontinuingtowo

rktirelessly,searchingthroughspacesthathumanscannotreach.Withthepossibilitythattherearestillpeopletr

appedalive,timewilltellwhethersheaddstoherrescuerecord.(虽然本周她还没有发现任何被困在废墟中的人，但她和其他搜救犬继续不知疲倦地工作，在人类无法到达的地方进行搜索。有可能仍有人被困，时间会告诉我们她是否增加了她的救援记

录。)”可知，某些陷于困境的人仍有幸存的可能性，弗里达和其他救援犬也仍然在孜孜不倦地工作，因此弗里达找到幸存者，刷新营救纪录创造奇迹是可能的，所以说她可能会做得很好。故选C项。20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Fifteendogsfromthenavy’scanine(犬科的)unithavea

ssistedthisweekintherescueeffortsatthesitesofcollapsedbuildingsacrossMexicoCity,wheremorethan50peoplehavebeenpulledalivefromtheruins.(本周，来自海军警犬部队的15只

警犬协助了墨西哥城各地倒塌建筑的救援工作，已有50多人从废墟中被救出)”可知，本文主要讲述来自海军犬队的十五只狗协助了救援工作，将50多人从废墟中救出。由此可知“墨西哥特殊的救援者”可以作为本文标题，故选A项。Text56（2022秋·广东深

圳·高一深圳市宝安中学（集团）校考期中）You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroce

anecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowt

hatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-usepla

sticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-

crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEst

ellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofpla

sticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotbere

cycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrin

kisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrateaspecificstatistic:

Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan

10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcom

paniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.21．WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?A．Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B．

Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C．Callingforenvironmentprotection.D．Reducinggarbageonthebeach.22．WhydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinParagraph3?A

．Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B．Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C．Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D．Tofindareplacementforthem.23．

Howmaytheviewersfeelwhenseeing“TruckloadofPlastic”?A．Comforted.B．Inspired.C．Pleased.D．Refreshed.24．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforth

etext?A．Artists’OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB．MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC．ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD．OceanPlasticsTransforme

dintoArtwork【答案】21．C22．A23．D24．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家BenjaminVonWong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系，进而唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。21．推理判断题。

根据第一段“Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesout

ofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗?艺术

家BenjaminVonWong想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系)”可知，VonWong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾问题的关注，故选C项。22．推

理判断题。根据第三段“Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(来源)ofplasticpollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfi

rebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料

吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用)”可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难，故选A项。23．推理

判断题。根据倒数第二段“Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic

,”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatrucka

llatonce.(每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，VonWong和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的)”可知，这个作品以独特的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷新了观

众对海洋塑料污染的认知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋这件事“耳目一新”。故选D项。24．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenj

aminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelati

onshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗?艺术家BenjaminVonWong想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系)”和最后一段“VonWon

ghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.(BenjaminVonWong希望他的努力也能帮助向大公司施压，减少塑料足迹)”可知，艺术家利用倾倒入大海的塑料垃圾，创造出独特的艺术

品，从而引起公众对海洋污染问题的关注。故选D项。Text57（2022秋·湖南株洲·高一株洲二中校考期中）Artificialintelligence(AI)couldhelpstoponeofthebiggestdangerstotheGreatBarri

erReef(大堡礁),amazinglysavinghugeareasofcoral(珊瑚)fromaharmfulstarfish.GooglehasteamedwithscientistsfromtheCSIROtocreateAIsoftware(软件)tha

tcouldpickoutthedangerousstarfish,whichisoneofthenaturalwonder’sthreebiggestkillers.Thenewway,usingfootagefromanu

nderwatercameratorecognizestarfishoutbreaksontheQueenslandreef,takestheplaceofanoldmethodandearlyresultsshowaswellas

cuttingdownman’swork,thenewsoftwarehastheadvantageofcorrectlypickingoutmoreofthedangerouslifeoncoral,stoppingdamagin

goutbreaksbeforetheyoccur.ProfessorRussBabcock,anexpertwithCSIRO,saidGoogle’sAItechnology,developedover18

months,couldbetrainedtofindoutstarfishmoreeasilythantheoldmethoddevelopedinthe1970s.“Weusedtosendoutdiverstocountthestarfishonebyone.Nowwe

justlookattheimagescollectedandtheprogramcanfind20atatime,”hesaid.GoogleCEOSundarPichaisaidhewasexcitedabou

tthecompany’seffortputintothereefproject.“WehaveputalotofeffortintotheengineeringinAustraliaandwewillcontinuetodomo

reworkaroundAIthere,”hesaid.“Thereareothergoodideasaboutthetechnologyandyouwillseeusbuildonit.OurgoalwithourAIre

searchteamsistostrikepartnershipswithothergroups,likeuniversitiesandgovernments,togiveitsfullplay.”ProfessorBabcocksaidtheAIsoftware,whichwouldbeput

intouseonotherreefsworldwide,wasnottheonlysolutiontothestarfishaffectingtheGreatBarrierReef,butonethatcou

ldhaveanwideapplication.25．WhatisthefunctionofGoogledevelopingtheAIsoftware?A．Totestanewcamera.B．Tokilldangerousfishes.C．Top

rotecttheenvironment.D．Topickoutakindofstarfish.26．WhatadvantagedoestheAItechnologyhaveovertheoldmethod?A．Itislesslikelytobreakdown

.B．Itcanbestartedmorequickly.C．Itcostslessforitsdevelopment.D．Itcandotheworkmoreeasily.27．What’sSundarPichai’sattitudeto

wardsthereefproject?A．Doubtful.B．Uncaring.C．Disapproving.D．Supportive.28．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebestt

itleforthetext?A．AHarmfulStarfishAffectsCoralB．ANewSoftwareHelpsSavetheReefC．WhatMakesAIWorkBetter?D．WhyIs

theReefinDanger?【答案】25．D26．D27．D28．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了谷歌利用人工智能软件可以快速定位有害的海星，帮助拯救珊瑚礁。25．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“Googlehaste

amedwithscientistsfromtheCSIROtocreateAIsoftware(软件)thatcouldpickoutthedangerousstarfish”（谷歌和来自CSIRO的科学家合作开发了人工智能软件，该软件能够辨认出有危险的海星。）可知，人工智能软件可以挑选出

有危险的海星。故选D项。26．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“Google’sAItechnology,developedover18months,couldbetrainedtofindoutstarfishmoreeasi

lythantheoldmethoddevelopedinthe1970s.”（谷歌的人工智能软件，开发超过了十八个月，比起二十世纪七十年代的老方法，能更容易地发现海星。）可知，比起先前的方法，人工智能软件能容易地找到目标。故选D项。2

7．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“GoogleCEOSundarPichaisaidhewasexcitedaboutthecompany’seffortputintothereefproject.”（谷歌执行总裁SundarPicha

i表示，对于公司把精力放在礁石项目上他感到非常激动。）可知，SundarPichai是支持礁石项目的发展的。故选D项。28．主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Artificialintelligence(AI)couldhelpstoponeofthebiggest

dangerstotheGreatBarrierReef(大堡礁),amazinglysavinghugeareasofcoral(珊瑚)fromaharmfulstarfish.”（人工智能有助于阻止一个对大堡

礁的最大威胁，可以拯救大片珊瑚免受海星的伤害。）并结合全文可知，文章主要说明了利用人工智能软件可以快速定位有害的海星，帮助拯救珊瑚礁，B项“一款新软件帮助拯救珊瑚礁”。故选B项。Text58（2023秋·北京通州·高一统考期末）Theworld’sanimal

populationshavedecreasedbymorethantwo-thirdssince1970,accordingtoarecentresearchfromtheWorldWildlifeFund(WWF).TheLondongroupprovidedinformationon32,

000wildlifepopulationswhichincludedmorethan5,000species.Theresearchersfoundthatpopulationsizeshadreducedby69percentonaverage.Theysaidthelossofforests

,humanexploitation(开发)oftheenvironment,pollution,andclimatechangeweregreatcausesoftheloss.Land-usechangeisstilltheb

iggestthreat(威胁)towildlife.However,theresearchersadded,“ifwecannotlimitwarmingto1.5°C,climatechangeislikelytobecometheprimarycauseofbiodiver

sity(生物多样性)lossinthecomingyears.”WildlifepopulationsinLatinAmericanandtheCaribbeanSeaareaweregreatlyaffected.Theresearchshoweda94percentdropinthosear

easinover50years.Wildlifepopulationsinriverandlakehabitatsdecreasedthemost.Freshwaterpopulationshavereducedbyanaverageof83pe

rcentsince1970.Forexample,onepopulationofpinkriverdolphinsintheAmazonRiverareaofBrazilfellby65percentbetween1994and2016.Thesefindingsarearedf

lagthatwarnsofalargersystemfailureonthehorizon.Evenonespecies’populationreductioncanaffectotherspecies,eventuallyimpactingtheecosystem’s

(生态系统)abilitytofunction.Humansdependonastableclimate,predictableweatherpatterns,andproductivefarmlandandfisher

iestothrive(蓬勃发展),butthecurrenttrendsaresevereenoughtothreatenmanylife-sustainingsystems.Ourfuturedepen

dsonreversing(扭转)thelossofnaturejustasmuchasitdependsonaddressingclimatechange.Andyoucan’tsolveonewithoutsolvingtheother.Everyonehasaroleinreversi

ngthesetrends,fromindividualstocompaniestogovernments.Ifnothingchanges,animalpopulationswillundoubte

dlycontinuetofall,drivingwildlifetoextinctionandthreateningthewholenessoftheecosystemsonwhichwealldepend.29．Whatisthegr

eatestthreattowildlifepopulationsrecently?A．Illegalhunting.B．Globalwarming.C．Land-usechange.D．Environmentalpollution.30．Howdoestheauthorexplain

thereductionoffreshwaterwildlifeinParagraph3?A．Bylistingfigures.B．Byanalyzingthecauses.C．Bymakingacomparison.D．By

referringtoaconcept.31．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A．Climatechangethreatensmanywildanimals.B．Farmlandisthebasisoflife-sustaining

systems.C．Extremeweathereventshavebecomemorefrequent.D．Speciesvarietyisimportanttomaintainastableecosystem.32．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext

?A．Toexplainthedifficultyofrestoringecosystems.B．Tocallonpeopletotakeactiontoprotectnature.C．Topresenttheinc

reasingtrendofclimatechange.D．Toshowpeople’seffortsinmakingupforthelossofnature.【答案】29．C30．A31．D32．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了野生动物种群数量

自1970年以来已经减少了三分之二以上。29．细节理解题。根据第二段“Land-usechangeisstillthebiggestthreat(威胁)towildlife.(土地利用变化仍然是野生动物面临的最大威胁。)”可知，最近野生动物种群面临的最大威胁是土地利用变化。故选C。30．推理判断题

。根据第三段“Theresearchshoweda94percentdropinthoseareasinover50years.Wildlifepopulationsinriverandlakehabitatsdecreasedth

emost.Freshwaterpopulationshavereducedbyanaverageof83percentsince1970.Forexample,onepopulationofpinkriverdolphinsint

heAmazonRiverareaofBrazilfellby65percentbetween1994and2016.(研究显示，50多年来，这些地区的人口下降了94%。河流和湖泊栖息地的野生动物数量减少最多。自1970年以来，淡水种群平均减少了83%。例如，从1994年到2016年，巴西

亚马逊河地区的粉红河海豚数量下降了65%。)”可推断，作者通过列出数字解释第三段中淡水野生动物的减少。故选A。31．细节理解题。根据第四段“Evenonespecies’populationreductioncanaffect

otherspecies,eventuallyimpactingtheecosystem’s(生态系统)abilitytofunction.(即使一个物种的数量减少也会影响到其他物种，最终影响到生态系统

的运作能力。)”可知，物种多样性对维持稳定的生态系统很重要。故选D。32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Everyonehasaroleinreversingthesetrends,fromindividualstocompani

estogovernments.Ifnothingchanges,animalpopulationswillundoubtedlycontinuetofall,drivingwildlifetoextinctionandt

hreateningthewholenessoftheecosystemsonwhichwealldepend.(从个人到公司再到政府，每个人都有责任扭转这些趋势。如果没有任何改变，动物数量无疑将继续下降，导致野生动物灭绝，并威胁

到我们赖以生存的生态系统的整体性。)”及全文可推断，本文的主要目的是呼吁人们采取行动保护自然。故选B。Text59（2022秋·浙江绍兴·高一统考期末）TheSanDiegoZooiscelebratinganextremerareevent:thearrivalof41Indiannarrow

-headedsoftshellturtles.Thisisthefirsttimethespecies,whichisnativetoSouthAsia,hasbeensuccessfullybred(繁殖)inNorthAmerica.Theturtlestypicallyl

iveatthebottomofdeepriversandstreamsinnorthernIndia,Pakistan,Bangladesh,andNepal.Adultscangrowupto3.6feetlongandweighasmuchas44

0pounds.Duringmonsoon(季风)monthsincentralIndiaanddrymonthsinotherregions,theturtleslayupto190eggsinanesto

nthebeachandcoveritwithdirttoprotecttheeggs.Whenthebabieshatch,theycanfitinaperson’spalm,at1.5incheslong.TheSanDie

goZoogotitsfirsttwoIndiannarrow-headedsoftshellturtlesin1997.Thezooplannedtobreedthemandhopedtolearnmoreaboutthespecies,whose

numbershadbeguntodropduetopollution,destructionoftheirhabitats,andcapturebyhumansfortheireggs,meat,or

useaspets.Thespeciesislistedasendangered,andresearchersdon’tknowhowmanyremaininthewild.Afterlearningthatitonlyhadfemaleturtles,thezooadded

amaletothehabitatin2001.Staffhavebeenwaitingforover20yearstoseeiftheturtleswouldbreed.Thissummer,zookeepersfoundfournestsintheenclosure.The

yhatched11turtlesinAugust.Then,inSeptember,staffmembersfound30moretinyturtlesinanesttheyhadn’tnoticed.“Theyarekindo

fcute,”saidKimGray,headofthezoo.Thebabiesweremovedtoanindoorhabitatwheretheycanbeprotectedandstudied.Thezooplanstogiveaboutahalfofth

ebabyturtlestootherzoosandaquariumsthatwanttohelpprotectthespecies.“Thisisathrillingmomentforus,”Graysaid,“andabigstepforwardinthepreserva

tionofthisspecies.”33．Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph2?A．Tohighlighttheimportanceofprotectingtheturtles.B．Toinvestig

atethelivingenvironmentoftheturtles.C．Toshowthemajorstagesoftheturtles’growth.D．Togiveageneraldescripti

onoftheturtles.34．Whatfactorhascontributedtothedropinturtles’numbers?A．Theseriouslackoffood.B．Theslowprocessofgrowth.C．Thehe

avylossofhabitats.D．Theillegaltradeforprofits.35．WhatisKimGray’sattitudetowardstheprotectionoftheturtles?A．Positive.B．Concerned.C．Di

ssatisfied.D．Doubtful.36．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ZooCelebratesARareEventB．TurtlesMakeSuccessfulReturnC．SummerWitnesse

sAnAmazingStepD．ZookeepersPreserveEndangeredSpecies【答案】33．D34．C35．A36．B【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，通过努力，圣地亚哥动物园让濒危的印度窄头软壳龟首次在北美成功繁殖，实现这一物种

的保护。33．推理判断题。由第二段“TheturtlestypicallyliveatthebottomofdeepriversandstreamsinnorthernIndia,Pakistan,Bangl

adesh,andNepal.Adultscangrowupto3.6feetlongandweighasmuchas440pounds.Duringmonsoon(季风)monthsincentralIndiaanddrymonthsinotherregions,thet

urtleslayupto190eggsinanestonthebeachandcoveritwithdirttoprotecttheeggs.Whenthebabieshatch,theycanfitinaperson’spalm,at1.5inc

heslong.(印度窄头软壳龟通常生活在印度北部、巴基斯坦、孟加拉国和尼泊尔的深河和溪流底部。成年龟可以长到3.6英尺长，体重可达440磅。在印度中部的季风季节和其他地区的干旱季节，印度窄头软壳龟会在海滩上的一个巢

穴中产蛋190枚，并用泥土覆盖以保护卵。当蛋孵化时，它们可以放在一个人的手掌中，长1.5英寸)”可知，第二段的主要目的是对印度窄头软壳龟进行大致描述。故选D项。34．细节理解题。由第三段中的“Thezooplannedtobreedtheman

dhopedtolearnmoreaboutthespecies,whosenumbershadbeguntodropduetopollution,destructionoftheirhabitats,andcapturebyhumansfortheireggs,meat,oru

seaspets.(动物园计划对它们进行繁殖，并希望了解更多有关该物种的信息；由于污染、栖息地的破坏以及人类捕获它们的蛋、肉或用作宠物，这些物种的数量已经开始下降)”可知，栖息地的严重丧失是导致印度窄头软壳龟数量下降的因素之一。故选C项。35．推理判断题。由最后一

段中的““Thisisathrillingmomentforus,”Graysaid,“andabigstepforwardinthepreservationofthisspecies.”(“这对我们来说是一个激动人心的时刻，”格雷说，“在保护这个物

种方面迈出了一大步。”)”可知，对保护印度窄头软壳龟，KimGray的态度是肯定的。故选A项。36．主旨大意题。由第一段中的“TheSanDiegoZooiscelebratinganextremerareev

ent:thearrivalof41Indiannarrow-headedsoftshellturtles.Thisisthefirsttimethespecies,whichisnativetoSouthAsia,hasbeensuccessfullybred(繁

殖)inNorthAmerica.(圣地亚哥动物园正在庆祝一个极其罕见的事件：41只印度窄头软壳龟的到来。这是该物种首次在北美成功繁殖，该物种原产于南亚)”和第三段中的“Thespeciesislistedasendangered,andresearchersdon’tknowhowmanyre

maininthewild.(该物种被列为濒危物种，研究人员不知道还有多少物种留在野外)”可知，文章讲述通过努力，圣地亚哥动物园让濒危的印度窄头软壳龟首次在北美成功繁殖，实现这一物种的保护，B项“海龟成功回归”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B项。Text60（2

022秋·湖北武汉·高一武汉市新洲区第一中学校考期末）Justwhenyouthoughtyouweretakingcareofyourhealthbyeatingenoughfruitandvegetableseveryday,newres

earchhascomeoutrevealingthatyoumightbeswallowingmicroplasticparticles(颗粒)alongwithallthosevitamins,minerals,andfiber.Agroundbre

akingstudypublishedinthejournalEnvironmentalResearchhasfoundthatfruitsandvegetablesabsorbmicroplasticparticlesfromt

hesoilandmovethemthroughvegetaltissues,wheretheyremainuntileatenbyhungrydiners,thusgettingtransferredtohumanbodies.Theresearchers,whoarefromtheU

niversityofCataniainItaly,aswellasSousseandMonastiruniversitiesinTunisia,analyzedavarietyofcommonfruitsandvegetables—carrots,lettuce,broccoli,pot

atoes,apples,andpears.Thesewerechosenforthefactthattheyarefrequentlyconsumed,usuallyoneperday,whichallowedtheresearcherstobetterassessthedietar

yintakesofMPs(microplasticparticles)andNPs(nano-plastics).Thesampleswerepurchasedfromdifferentsourcesinth

ecityofCatania,includingasmallfruitvendorandasupermarket.Theresearchersfoundthatapples,followedbypears,werethemost

pollutedfruitsamples,andcarrotswerethemostpollutedvegetable.Inthestudy’sdiscussionsection,theauthorswrote

,“WecanassumethatthefruitscontainmoreMPsnotonlybecauseoftheveryhighvascularization(血管化)ofthefruitpulp(果肉)butalsodueto

thegreatersizeandcomplexityoftherootsystemandageofthetree(severalyears)comparedtothevegetables(60–75daysforthe

carrot).”Thisstudyisimportantbecauseit’sthefirsttodetectmicroplasticsinfruitsandvegetables.Theyhavebeenfoundinothersourcesbefore,suchasseasalt,

beer,water(bottled,inparticular),shellfish,sugar,soil,andevenair,butneverinsidefreshproduce.It’sanalarmingdiscoverythatraisesyetanotherredflag

aboutmicroplasticpollutioninthenaturalenvironment.It’sanareathatwilllikelyseealotmoreattentionincomingyears,withthestudyauthorscallingforf

urtherresearchintothequestionofmicroplasticandwhetheritharmsthehealthofbothplantsandhumans.37．Whatisthestudymainlyabout?A．Themaincauseofsoilpollut

ion.B．Thegreatchangesinpeople’sdiets.C．Thebenefitsofeatingfruitsandvegetables.D．Themicroplasticpollutioninfrui

tsandvegetables.38．WhatmaycausefruitstocontainmoreMPsaccordingtotheauthors?A．Theageofhumans.B．Thegreatsizeoffr

uittreeroots.C．Thecomplexpreservationmethod.D．Thelargeamountsofthefruitpulp.39．Whatmakesthestudyquitespecial?A．Itshowe

dtheinfluencesofMPsonplants.B．Itprovedthesourceofmicroplasticpollution.C．ItpresentedthedangerofMPstohuman’sbody.D．ItdiscoveredMPsinfreshprodu

ceforthefirsttime.40．Whatdothestudyauthorsthinkoftheresearchonmicroplastic?A．Itneedstobefurtherstudied.B．Itwa

stedthemquitealotoftime.C．Ithasraisedpeople’sawarenessofhealth.D．Ithasattractedpeople’sattentiontodiets.【答案】37．D38．B39．D40．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍新的研究在新鲜的水果和蔬菜中首次检测到微塑料颗粒污染。37．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“AgroundbreakingstudypublishedinthejournalEnvironmentalResearchhasfoundth

atfruitsandvegetablesabsorbmicroplasticparticlesfromthesoilandmovethemthroughvegetaltissues,wheretheyremainuntileate

nbyhungrydiners,thusgettingtransferredtohumanbodies.(发表在《环境研究》杂志上的一项开创性研究发现，水果和蔬菜从土壤中吸收塑料微粒，并将其通过植物组织转移，直到饥饿的食

客食用，从而转移到人体)”可知，这项研究与水果和蔬菜中的微塑料污染有关。故选D。38．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“WecanassumethatthefruitscontainmoreMPsnotonlybecauseoftheveryhighvascularizati

on(血管化)ofthefruitpulp(果肉)butalsoduetothegreatersizeandcomplexityoftherootsystemandageofthetree(severalyears)comparedtothevegetables(60–75days

forthecarrot).(我们可以假设，与蔬菜(胡萝卜60-75天)相比，水果含有更多的MPs，不仅是因为果肉的血管化程度非常高，还因为根系的大小和复杂性以及树的年龄(几年)更大)”可知，果树根系的巨大尺寸是导致水果含有

更多的微塑料颗粒的原因之一。故选B。39．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Thisstudyisimportantbecauseit’sthefirsttodetectmicroplasticsinfruitsandvegetables.(这项研究很重要，因为它是第一次在水果和蔬菜中检测到微塑

料)”可知，这项研究很特别，因为它是首次在新鲜的水果和蔬菜等农产品中检测到微塑料颗粒。故选D。40．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“It’sanareathatwilllikelyseealotmoreattentionincomingyears,withthestudyauthor

scallingforfurtherresearchintothequestionofmicroplasticandwhetheritharmsthehealthofbothplantsandhumans.(这是一个未来几年可能会受到更多关注的领域，该项研

究的撰稿人呼吁对微塑料问题及其是否危害植物和人类健康进行进一步研究)”可推知，该项研究的作者认为还需要对微塑料颗粒造成的危害作进一步研究。故选A。