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1第四节主旨大意题一、标题归纳题(2018·11月浙江，C)Istarteverysummerwiththebestofintentions：toattackonebigbookfromthepast，aclassicthatIwassupposedtohavereadwheny
oungandambitious.Oftenthepairingsofbooksandsettingshavebeenpurelyaccidental：MobyDickonathreedaycrosscou
ntrytraintrip；TheMagicMountaininaNewEnglandbeachsidecottagewithnolocksonthedoors，notelephonesortelevisionsintherooms
，andlittletodobeyondrowonthesaltpond.AttemptingTheManWithoutQualitiesonareturntoHawaii，mynativestate，however，waslessfruitf
ul:Imadeitthroughoneandaquartervolumes(册)，thendecidedthatI’dgotthepointandwentswimminginstead.ButthissummerIfindmyselfat
aloss.I’mnotquiteinterestedinBalzac，say，orTristramShandy.There’salwaysWarandPeace，whichI’vecoveredsomedistanceseveraltime
s，onlytogetboggeddowninthe“War”part，setitasideforawhile，andrealizethatIhavetostartoverfromthebeginningagain，havingforgotteneveryone’snameandsoc
ialrank.Howappealingtosimplyfallbackonafavorite—oncemoreintoTheWavesorJustine，whichfeelsalmostlikecheating，t
ooexcitingandtoomuchfuntoproperlybelonginseriousliterature.Andthenthere’sStendhal’sTheRedandtheBlack，whichhappenstobethenameofmyfavoritecocktai
l(鸡尾酒)ofthesummer，createdbyMichaelCecconiatSavoyandBackForty.Itiseasytodrink，andknockingbackthreeorfourseemslikesuchadeli
ghtfulidea.Cecconi’stheory:“Itakewhatever’sfreshatthegreenmarketandturnitintoliquid.”Theresultisapureshotofafternooninthe
park，makingonefeelcheerfulandpeacefulallatonce，lyingonuncutgrasswitheyesshut，sunbeatingthroughthelids...语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。作者喜欢暑期旅游读书，并和我们分享了自己读书的体会。27．
Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A．HehasacottageinNewEngland.B．Heshowstalentsforliterature.C．Heenjoysreadingwhentraveling.D．Head
miresalotofgreatwriters.2答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“MobyDickonathreedaycrosscountrytraintrip；TheMagicMountaininaNewEnglandbeachsidecottage...TheManWit
houtQualitiesonareturntoHawaii”等内容可知，作者在旅行中喜欢阅读。故选C。28．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getboggeddown”inParagraph2mean
?A．Getconfused.B．Becarriedaway.C．Beinterrupted.D．Makenoprogress.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据文中的“I’vecoveredsomedistanceseveraltimes”和“setitasideforawhile”及
读后的结果“havingforgotteneveryone’snameandsocialrank”可知，作者在读“战争”部分时几次合上书，把书放一边。句中画线的“getboggeddown”指的是“陷入困境，停滞不前，没有进展”。与makenoprogress同义。
故选D。29．Whydoestheauthorsayreadinghisfavoritebooksfeelslikecheating?A．Hefinishesthemquickly.B．Heshouldreadsomethingser
ious.C．Hebarelyunderstandsthem.D．Hehasreadthemmanytimesbefore.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Howappealingtosimplyfallbackonafavorite—oncemoreintoTheWavesorJustin
e，whichfeelsalmostlikecheating，tooexcitingandtoomuchfuntoproperlybelonginseriousliterature.”可知，作者再次读到自己最喜欢的书时，感到非常刺激和
兴奋。同时感觉自己兴奋的心情与严肃的作品不适合，所以这时候会有欺骗的感觉，认为自己应该读一些严肃的东西。故选B。30．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheBooksofSummerB．MySummerHolidaysC．ToReadorNottoRea
dD．It’sNeverTooLatetoRead答案A3解析标题归纳题。文章第一段开头作者就谈到了每年暑假旅行时喜欢读名著。第二段中的“ButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss.”谈到今年夏天读书的困惑，第三段的“myfavoritecocktail(鸡尾酒)oft
hesummer”把读书和鸡尾酒联系起来，谈自己读书的感受。所以全文都和夏天读书有关，TheBooksofSummer适合作为标题，故选A。一、题型解读记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查
到标题归纳题。设问形式常有：(1)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?(2)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/
text?(3)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(4)Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis“”．一个好的标题应具备三大特点：概括——准确而又简短；针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符
；醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。二、解题技巧1．“高度概括”定标题(1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。(2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据
文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。2．文章标题三特点(1)形式一般为单词、短语或句子，短语居多；(2)短小精悍，精确性强；(3)涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意。例如：【真题感悟】中第30题。文章第一段开头作者就谈到了每年暑
假旅行时喜欢读名著。第二段中的“ButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss.”谈到今年夏天读书的困惑，第三段的“myfavoritecocktail(鸡尾酒)ofthesummer”把读书和鸡尾酒
联系起来，谈自己读书的感受。所以全文都和夏天读书有关，TheBooksofSummer适合作为标题，故选A。A(2019·湖南长沙雅礼中学一模)Laughterispartofthe1universalhuma
nvocabulary.Allmembersofthehumanspecies4understandit.UnlikeEnglishorFrenchorSwahili，wedon’thavetolearntospeakit.We’rebornwiththecapacitytolaugh.Ver
ylittleisknownaboutthespecificbrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughter.5Contrarytofolkwisdom，mostlaughterisnotabouthumor；itisaboutrelation
ships.12Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh，Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed.
Overa10yearperiod，westudiedover2,000casesofnaturally10occurringlaughter.Wefoundthatmostlaughterdoesnotnecessaril
yfollowjokes.Peoplemaylaughafteravarietyofstatements，suchas，“HerecomesMary.”“Howdidyoudoonthetest？”or
“Doyouhavearubberband？”Thesecertainlyaren’tjokes.Webelievelaughter6evolvedfromthepanting(喘气的)behaviorofourancientancestors
.Today，ifwetickle(使发痒)chimps，theydon’tlaugh.But，instead，theyproduceapantingsound.That’sthesoundofapelaughter，andit’stheroo
tofhumanlaughter.Apeslaughinthekindsofsituationsthatleadtohumanlaughter，likegamesthatinvolvechasing.Otheranimalsproducesoun
dsduringplay，buttheyaresodifferentfromlaughter.Rats，forexample，producehighsoundsduringplayandwhentickled，buttheseareverydiffere
ntinsoundfromhumanlaughter.Laughterisoftenpositive，butitcanbenegativetoo.There’sadifferencebetween“laughingwith”and“l
aughingat”．Peoplewholaughatothersmaybetryingtodrivethemoutofthegroup.Noonehasactuallycountedhowmuchpeopleofdifferent
ageslaugh，butyoungchildrenprobablylaughthemost.Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlesstha
nchildren，probablybecausetheyplayless.Worknow2underwaywilltellusmoreaboutthebrainmechanismsbehindlaughter，howithasevolved，andwhywe’resosus
ceptibletotickling.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。笑容是全世界通用的语言，是世上最温暖的语言。本文探讨了“人类为什么笑”这个话题。1．Whatwasthepurposeofthedecade’sresearch?A．Toprove
thatpeoplelaughbecauseofhumor.B．Tofindouttherealreasonforpeople’slaughter.C．Toresearchpeople’sdifferentreactionon
jokes.D．Torecordconversationsamongshoppersinmalls.答案B5解析细节理解题。由题干中的“thedecade’sresearch”可定位至文章第二段最后两句，由
该段倒数第二句“Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh...”可知，这十年的研究是为了弄清楚人类什么时候以及为什么会笑。故B项正确。2．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Peoplewhoplaymoretendtolaughmore.B．
Apesproducehighsoundswhentickled.C．Scientistsknowthebrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughterwell.D．Thesituationsinwhichapeslaugharevery
differentfromthoseinwhichhumanslaugh.答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren，prob
ablybecausetheyplayless.”可知，玩得越多的人笑得越多。故A项正确。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“susceptible”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Sensitive.B．Flexible.C
．Addictive.D．Reliable.答案A解析词义猜测题。联系上下文可知susceptible(易受影响的，敏感的)与sensitive的意思最为接近。故选A。4．Whichofthefoll
owingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheImpactofLaughterB．TheMeaningofLaughterC．ABigMystery：WhyDoWeLaugh?D．Laughter：TheMos
tBeautifulWord答案C解析标题归纳题。笑容是全世界通用的语言，是世上最温暖的语言，本文探讨了“人类为什么笑”这个话题。故C项为最佳标题。B(2019·河北五个一名校联盟)Mostpeoplewhoownmobilephonesuseth
emastheiralarmclocks—makingitveryeasytocheckemailsonelasttimebeforefallingasleepandhardtoeverfeelawayfromworkandsocialnetworks.6Sev
eralyearsago，mybossfainteddueto7exhaustionafterstayinguplatetocatchuponwork.Shebangedherheadandendedupwithfivestitches(缝针)—andbecamewhatshecall
sa“sleepevangelist(传教士)”．Nowsheleaveshermobilephone11charginginanotherroomwhenshegoestobedandencourag
esherfriendstodothesame.“IsentallmyfriendsthesameChristmasgift—alovelyalarmclock—sotheycouldstopusingth
eexcusethattheyneededtheirveryattractivemobilephonesbytheirbedstowakethemupinthemorning，”shesaid.Ifyourmobilephonewakesyouupinthemorning，itm
ayalsobekeepingyouupatnight.A2008studyshowedthatpeopleexposedtomobileradiationtooklongertofallasleepandspentlesstimein
deepsleep.“13Thestudy8indicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeim
portantforrecoveryfromdaily3wearandtearare9severelyaffected，”thestudyconcluded.Aquarterofyoungpeoplefeelliketheymustbeavailablebymobilephone4aroundth
eclock，accordingtoaSwedishstudythatlinkedheavycellphoneusetosleepingproblems，stressanddepression.Unreturnedmessagescarrymoreguilt
whenthetechnologytodealwiththemliesatourfingertips.Someteensevenreturntextmessagesatmidnight.Mostofuschoosenottosetlimitsonournighttimeavailabilit
y.Nearlythreequartersofpeoplefromtheageof18to44sleepwiththeirmobilephoneswithinreach，accordingtoa2012Timepoll.Thatnumberfallsoffslightlyinmiddl
eage，butonlypeopleaged65andolderareleavingthemobilephoneinanotherroomascommonassleepingrightnexttoit.语篇解读本文
属于科普类说明文，讲述现在越来越多的人在睡觉的时候把手机放在旁边，这会严重影响人们的睡眠质量，有些人已经选择把手机放在其他地方来保证自己的睡眠质量。5．Whydidtheauthor’sbossstarttoenjoysleeping?A．Herfriendsenc
ouragedhertosleepontime.B．Mobilephonescouldn’twakeherupontime.C．Herfriendssentheralovelyclocktowakeherup.D．Sheg
othurtduetoworkingtoolate.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，作者的老板由于熬夜赶工而筋疲力尽晕倒在地，并且头部缝了五针，最终她成为“睡眠传教士”，鼓励大家多睡觉。因此作者的老板开始享受睡眠是因为受到了伤害，故选D。6．Whyd
idtheauthor’sbossgiveherfriendsalarmclocksasChristmasgifts?7A．Alarmclocksdon’tgiveoffanyradiation.B．Alarmclocksarebetteratwakingherfriendsup.C．
Sheadvisedthemtoreplacemobilephoneswithalarmclocks.D．Sheusedalarmclockstoremindthemnottoworktoolate.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者的老板送
给朋友闹钟是为了不再让他们用把手机当闹钟的借口而影响睡眠，让他们用闹钟来替代手机，故选C。7．Whatcanwelearnfromthe2008study?A．Mobileradiationmakespeople
unabletofallasleep.B．Mobilephonescanrelease884MHzwiredsignals.C．Sleepcanhelppeoplefightagainstradiation.D．Componentsofsleepcanbeseriouslyaffectedbyw
irelesssignals.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Thestudyindicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforre
coveryfromdailywearandtearareseverelyaffected...”可知，2008年的一份研究表明，在实验中暴露于884兆赫的无线信号中，修复白天身体损耗很重要的睡眠因子受到严重影响。由此可知，无线电信号会严重影响睡眠质量，故选
D。8．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowMobilePhonesAffectSleepB．WhyAlarmClocksAreBetterthanPhonesC．HowWeCanSle
epBetteratNightD．HowMobilePhonesAffectHealth答案A解析标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文阐述越来越多的人在睡觉的时候把手机放在旁边，这会严重影响其睡眠质量，阐述了手机与睡眠的关系，故选A。Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意
猜测画线部分的意思81．Thereisauniversalloveforbasketballinthecountryamongallwalksoflife.普遍的，全体的2．Preparationsf
orthearrivaloftheseniorrepresentativefromtheUNarealreadyunderway.在进行中的3．Theseproductscanstandwearandt
ear，whichwilldefinitelybeattractiveinthemarket.磨损4．Somestoresstayopenaroundtheclock，whileothersdobusinessforonlyafewho
ursaday.夜以继日地，昼夜不停地(二)同义词语替换5．Contrarytothebeliefthatrockmusicisalwaysangryandnoisy，histrademark(标志性的)styleisquiet
butpowerful.opposedto6．Thecompanyhasevolvedovertheyearsintoamultimilliondollarorganization.developed7．Therearemanysymptomsofdep
ression.Theyincludelackofsleep，strongfeelingofexhaustion，anddifficultyconcentratingthroughouttheday.tirednes
s8．Researchindicatesthatover81%ofteachersaredissatisfiedwiththeirsalaries.shows9．Theschoolbuildingswereseverelydama
gedintheearthquakeandstudentshadtostudyatalocalcompany，whichchangeditsworkshopintoatemporaryclassroom.seriously(
三)一词多义10．occurv．发生；被想起(1)AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina.发生(2)Itoccurredtohimthathehadanimportantconferencet
oattendthenextmorning.被想起11．chargev．&n．主管，负责n．费用v．收费；控告；充电；进攻(1)Whenlionsarehidingforanattackbyawate
rhole，theywaitpatientlyandcanchargeatanysecond.v.进攻(2)CouldIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?n．主管，负责(3)Doyout
hinkmuseumsshouldchargeforadmission？v.收费(4)Sheischargedwithmurderingherhusband.v．控告(5)Themonthlychargeforthisserviceisonly
$29，whichisquitereasonable.n.费用(6)Itbecamearoutineforustochargeourphonefrequentlyeveninaday.v.充电Ⅱ.长难句理解12．Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh，Iwentwiths
everalassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed.[句式分析]本句为主从复合句。句首的Tofindout是目的
状语，句子的主语是I，谓语动词went和recorded由and连接。what引导的是宾语从句。[精美译文]为了弄清楚人们发笑的时间和原因，我和几个助手去了当地的购物中心，记录了人们发笑之前的事情。913．Thestudyindicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposuret
o884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdailywearandtearareseverelyaffected.[句式分析]本句为复合句。that引导的是宾
语从句。从句是主谓结构，主语是componentsofsleep，areseverelyaffected是被动结构；believedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdailywearandtear是过去分词作定语，这本身是一个句型：sb./sth.b
esaid/believed/reportedtodo，表示“据说/据认为/据报道”。[精美译文]该研究表明，在实验室里暴露于884兆赫无线信号时，被认为对日常(身体)损耗的恢复很重要的睡眠因子受到严重影响。强化练(十八)Ⅰ.阅读理解A“Mirrormirroronthew
all，who’sthefairestofthemall？”Anoldtaletellsaseeminglyunbelievablestoryofamagicmirror，butnowthemagicisnolongerunachievable.InAugust2018，ne
wswentviral(广为传播的)thatthepolicehadcaughtcriminalsuspectswhoattendedChinesesingerJackyCheung’sconcerts.Howdidthepolicepickoutthes
uspectsamongthousandsofscreamingfans？ThehelpinghandisAIfacialrecognitiontechnology.Thelowkeyyetpowerfultoolisnolonger
farfetched，butenteringtheworldofChina’stopinvestorsandcompanies.Facialrecognitionisatechnologyabletoidentifyapersonfromadigitalimag
eoraframefromavideosource.TangWenbin，CTOofFace＋＋，anAIcomputervision(视觉)technologycompanyinChina，vividlyexplainedtheworkflow.According
tohim，facialrecognitionistheidentificationofourappearance，includingknowingthesex，ageandidentityofaperson
.Youmaythinkitislikeabrainoraneuralnetwork.Youusedatatotrainit，andthen，itlearnsthepattern.Facialrecognitio
ntechnologyhasbeentraditionallyalliedwiththesecuritywork，buttodaythereisactiveexpansionintootherindustriesincludingmobilep
hones，marketingandfinance.ChinesestartupshaveseenthepotentialofAIfacialrecognitionforsimplifyingandspeedinguptasksin
multipleindustries.Andthemarketisnowcrowdedandcompetitive.ChinaisstartingtheAIrevolutionandhasmadebreakthroughsinfacialrecognition.“
IfapplyingAItodifferentindustriesisamarathon，thecompaniesthereprobablyhavejustgotofftheblocks，”saidTianFeng，directorofAli
babaCloudResearchCenter.Healsothinksthatinthefuture，everybodywillbeabletouseAIasitwillsoonbecomeabasictoolforworkandlife.语篇解读本文是科普说明文
，讲述了人工智能的面部识别技术在中国的发展和应用现状。101．WhyisthenewsmentionedinParagraph2?A．Tointroduceanewtoolforcompanies.B．To
showthemagichasbecomeareality.C．Toproveoldtalesarebasedontruestories.D．Todescribethebackgroundoffacialrecognition.答案B解析
推理判断题。第一段引入童话故事里的魔镜，第一段结尾提到“butnowthemagicisnolongerunachievable”，紧接着第二段就以实例证明魔镜确实不再是难以实现的幻想了，因此第二段提到了新闻是为了说明现代技术把童话故事里的“魔镜”变成了现实。2．Whichofthefollow
ingbestexplains“alliedwith”underlinedinParagraph4?A．Dependenton.B．Comparedwith.C．Differentfrom.D．Relatedto.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句中的“traditionally...se
curitywork”和后面的转折“buttodaythereisactiveexpansionintootherindustriesincludingmobilephones，marketingandfinance”可知，面部识别一直都与安全方面的工作有关，但是如今这一技术扩展到了其他行业
。故画线部分应表示“与……有关联”，故选D。3．WhatdoTianFeng’swordsimply?A．ManycompaniesinChinaareresearchingAI.B．AIplaysakeyrolei
ncompanies’development.C．AItechnologyappliednowisfarfrommature.D．AItechnologywillbeusedinmarathonsoneday.答案C解析推理判断题。根据TianFeng的话“IfapplyingAItodiffe
rentindustriesisamarathon，thecompaniesthereprobablyhavejustgotofftheblocks”可知，如果把将人工智能技术应用到不同行业中比作一场马拉松，那么这些公司可能处于刚起跑的阶段，即人工智能技术现阶段
的发展还远远不够成熟。4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheEyeofAIinChinaB．EffectsofAITechnology11C．BreakthroughsofChineseTechnologyD．FacialRecogni
tioninSecurity答案A解析标题归纳题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要讲了人工智能技术中的面部识别技术在中国的发展和应用。故A项作本文标题最佳。B(2019·四川双流中学一模)Iattendedapartyonenight.Durin
gthedinneramantoldahumorousstorybasedonthequotation：“There’sadivinitythatshapesourends，roughhewthemhowwewill.”Thestor
ytellermentionedthatthequotationwasfromtheBible.Iknewhewaswrong.Therecouldn’tbetheslightestdoubtaboutit.Toget
afeelingofimportanceanddisplaymysuperiority，Iappointedmyselfasanunwelcomecommitteemembertocorrecthim.Hestucktohisguns.“What?FromShakesp
eare?Impossible!Absurd!ThatquotationwasfromtheBible.”Andheknewit.Thestorytellerwassittingonmyright；andFrankGammond，anoldfriendofmine，w
asseatedonmyleft.MrGammondhaddevotedyearstothestudyofShakespeare.SothestorytellerandIagreedtosubmitthequestiontoMrGammond
.MrGammondlistened，kickedmeunderthetable，andthensaid，“Dale，youarewrong.Thegentlemanisright.ItisfromtheBible.”Onourwayho
methatnight，IsaidtoMrGammond，“Frank，youknewthatquotationwasfromShakespeare.”“Yes，ofcourse，”hereplied，“
Hamlet，ActFive，SceneTwo.Butwewereguestsatahappytime，mydearDale.Whyarguewiththestoryteller?Whyprovetohimheiswrong？Whynotlethimsavehisface？Alwa
ysavoidyoursharpangle.”IlearnedalessonI’llneverforget.Inotonlyhadmadethestorytelleruncomfortable，butalsohadputmyfriendinanembarrassingsitua
tion.HowmuchbetteritwouldhavebeenifIhadnotbecomeargumentative.Ninetimesoutoften，anargumentendswitheachoftheconte
stantsmorefirmlyconvincedthaneverthatheisabsolutelyright.Youcan’twinanargument.Youcan’tbecauseifyouloseit，youlo
seit；andifyouwinit，youloseit.语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章论述的是“你不可能赢得争论”。十有八九，争论结束时，每个参与者都比以往更坚定地相信自己是绝对正确的。5．Whatdidtheauthor
dotogetafeelingofimportanceattheparty?A．Tellahumorousstory.B．Showoffhisrichknowledge.12C．Teachthestorytelleraless
on.D．Correctthestoryteller’smistake.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Togetafeelingofimportanceanddisplaymysuperiority，Iappointedmyselfasanunwelcomecommitteemem
bertocorrecthim.”可知，作者在聚会上纠正讲故事的人的错误来获得一种重要感。故选D。6．WhydidFrankGammondkicktheauthorunderthetable?A．Becausehedidn’tknowmuchabouttheBible.B．Bec
ausehethoughttheauthorwasreallywrong.C．Becausehewasthoughtfulandwantedtostoptheauthor.D．Becausehewashum
orousandplayedtricksontheauthor.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“MrGammondlistened，kickedmeunderthetable，andthensaid，‘Dale，youarewrong.Thegentlemanisright.It
isfromtheBible.’”可知，FrankGammond在桌子底下踢作者是因为他想得周到，想阻止作者。故选C。7．Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheeventthathappenedattheparty?A．Thankful.B．Regretful
.C．Satisfied.D．Confused.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后三句“IlearnedalessonI’llneverforget.Inotonlyhadmadethestorytelleruncomfortable，butalsohadputmyfriendinan
embarrassingsituation.HowmuchbetteritwouldhavebeenifIhadnotbecomeargumentative.”可知，作者对晚会上发生的事很后悔。故选B。8．Whatc
anbethesuitabletitleforthepassage?A．YouCan’tWinanArgumentB．YouCan’tMakeMistakesinPublicC．DoHaveanOpenMindD．MindYourMannersataParty答案A解析标题归纳题。根据
最后一段“十有八九，争论结束时，每个参与者都比以往更坚定地13相信自己是绝对正确的。你不可能赢得争论。你不能，因为如果你输了，你就输了；如果你赢了，你也输了。”可知，本文最佳标题是YouCan’tWinanArgument。故选A。Ⅱ.完形
填空(2019·山东济南质检)WhenIwasyoung，myunderstandingoflifewassimple.Thismadeit9formetodealwiththeworldaroundme.AsIgrewup，thingssee
medmore10，whichmadelifemorechallenging.Now，middleaged，Ifindmy11oftheworldisreturningtothesimple.WhenItrytoteachmydaughterimportant12aboutlife，Iwi
llbreakcomplicatedthings13intosmallpieces.Oneofthosebasicsis14，foryourself，andforothers.Iteachmydaughterto15.Tofailfee
lsbad，16，butnottohavetriedfeelsworse，becauseyoucan’trespectyourselfforit.Andasthesaying17，“Ifyoudon’trespectyourself，nooneelsewill.”WhenIwassevenorei
ght，Iplayedatmycousin’shousewithhistoys.Hisfamilywasbetteroffthanmine，andhehadmanymoretoys.Therewason
e18thatI’dalwayswanted，andI19itintomypocket.Butamomentlater，I20，evenatthatage，thatIwouldneverenjoyplayingwiththetoy.IwouldalwaysknowIhad21，andmyop
inionofmyselfwould22.Whenhismotherdroppedmeofflaterthatday，Ishamefacedly23outthetoyandgaveitback.Sheknew，
I’msure，whathadhappened，24shethankedmeandneverspokeofitagain.Ihopetohelpmydaughteravoidsimilar25.Shefirsthastogainselfrespect
26shecanstartrespectingothers.Ibelieveinrespect，because27itwe’reallenemies.I’mnot28inthisregard，farfromit.ButIt
rymybest，andIrespectothersfortryingtheirbestinthischangingworld.语篇解读这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章作者通过自己成长过程中的亲身经历，教育自己的女儿，在开始尊重其他人之前，首先要获得自尊。9．A.fu
nnierB．easierC．saferD．deeper答案B解析根据上文中的“WhenIwasyoung，myunderstandingoflifewassimple.”可知，这让“我”更容易与周围的世界打交道。funnier更滑稽的；easier更容易的；safer更安全的；dee
per更深的。故选B。1410．A.importantB．awkwardC．fragileD．complex答案D解析根据后面的“whichmadelifemorechallenging”可知，随着“我”长大，事情似乎变得更加复杂。important重要的；awkw
ard尴尬的；fragile易碎的；complex复杂的。故选D。11．A.viewB．experienceC．aimD．expectation答案A解析句意为：现在，中年了，我发现我的世界观正在回归简单。view观点；experie
nce经历；aim目的；expectation期待。故选A。12．A.basicsB．factsC．subjectsD．choices答案A解析根据下文中的“Oneofthosebasicsis”可知，这里意思是“我”试着教“我”女儿重要的生活基础知识。basic基础知识；fact事实；subje
ct科目；choice选择。故选A。13．A.awayB．offC．downD．out答案C解析句意为：当我试图教我女儿重要的生活基础知识时，我会把复杂的东西分解成小块。breakdowninto分解成……，为固定短语。故选C。14．A.passio
nB．loveC．respectD．desire答案C解析根据下文中的“becauseyoucan’trespectyourselfforit”可知，这里意思是：其中一个基本要素就是尊重。passion激情；love爱；resp
ect尊重；desire欲望。故选C。15．A.forgiveB．acceptC．shareD．try答案D解析根据下文中的“butnottohavetriedfeelsworse”可知，这里意思是“我”教女儿去尝15试。forgive原谅；accept接受；share分享；tr
y尝试。故选D。16．A.certainlyB．eventuallyC．personallyD．willingly答案A解析句意为：当然，失败让人感觉很糟糕，但没有尝试让人感觉更糟，因为你无法为此尊重自己。
certainly当然；eventually最后；personally亲自地；willingly愿意地。故选A。17．A.runsB．goesC．writesD．follows答案B解析句意为：俗话说，“如果你
不尊重自己，就没有人会尊重你。”asthesayinggoes俗话说，为固定短语。故选B。18．A.forfunB．inparticularC．withcareD．atrandom答案B解析句意为：有一个是我一直特别想要的。forfun闹着
玩地，为了好玩；inparticular特别，尤其；withcare小心地；atrandom随便地。故选B。19．A.fetchedB．arrangedC．slippedD．fitted答案C解析句意为：有一个是我一直特别想要的，我把它偷偷塞进了口袋里。fetch取来；arrange
安排；slip迅速放置，悄悄塞，偷偷放；fit适合。故选C。20．A.doubtedB．promisedC．questionedD．sensed答案D解析句意为：但过了一会儿，我感觉到，即使在那个年纪，我也不会永远喜欢玩这个玩具。doubt怀疑；promise许诺；question
怀疑；sense感觉。故选D。21．A.liedB．stolenC．changedD．cheated答案B解析句意为：我将永远知道我偷了东西，我对自己的看法也会受损害。lie撒谎；steal偷窃；16change改变；cheat欺骗。故选B。22．A
.sufferB．improveC．fadeD．spread答案A解析见上题句意解析。suffer受损害；improve改善；fade褪色；spread传播。故选A。23．A.gaveB．leftC．pulled
D．handed答案C解析根据空后的“andgaveitback”可知，这里的意思是：“我”羞愧地把玩具拉了出来。give给予；leave离开；pull拉；hand递送。故选C。24．A.soB．orC．for
D．but答案D解析句意为：我敢肯定，她知道发生了什么事，但她感谢了我，而且再也没有提起这件事。so所以；or或者；for因为；but但是。故选D。25．A.accidentsB．mistakesC．resultsD．habits答案B解
析句意为：我希望帮助我的女儿避免犯类似的错误。accident事故；mistake错误；result结果；habit习惯。故选B。26．A.beforeB．untilC．incaseD．nowthat答案A解析句意为：在她开始尊重其他人之前，她首
先要获得自尊。before在……之前；until直到……为止；incase万一；nowthat既然。故选A。27．A.uponB．beyondC．withoutD．despite答案C解析句意为：我相信尊重，因为没有尊重，我们都是敌人。upon在……之上；beyond超过；withou
t没有；despite尽管。故选C。1728．A.honestB．casualC．curiousD．perfect答案D解析根据后面的“farfromit”可知，这里意思是：在这方面“我”并不完美。honest诚实的；casual随便的；curi
ous好奇的；perfect完美的。故选D。Ⅲ.语法填空EachtimeItaketheundergroundIfindmyself29.(surround)bydozensofpassengersplayingsmartpho
nes.Theyalmostwon’tevengiveaglanceattheoutsideworld.Youmaythinkitisnormaltoplaysmartphones30.(kill)time.What’sworse，whenItalkwithsomeofmyfriends，t
heytalkasplaying，whichisreallyan31.(annoy)．IreallymisstheolddayswhenI32.(chat)withsomepassengersonthetrain.Nowthingsaredifferent.Everyonejustconc
entrates33.theirsmartphones.Whentalkingwiththem,34.seemsthatyouaredisturbingtheirplayingsmartphones.IcouldnotjustblamethemforIammovingtobeon
elikethem.SometimesIjustfeelwe35.(large)ignoreourneighborsandwanttokeepintouchwith36.(distance)strangersthroughtheInternet.Wecareabouttheth
ingsfarawaybutpaynoattentiontotheneedsnearby.37.ridiculousthesituationis！Inawaywe38.(control)bysmartphonesnow.Areyouexperiencingthesamesituatio
nlikeme？Doyouhaveanywaystoavoidthat?语篇解读这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述了如今“手机控”的现象。作者呼吁人们多关注身边的人，不要被手机控制。29．答案surrounded解析考查非谓语动词。此句为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，su
rround与myself是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词作宾补。30．答案tokill解析考查非谓语动词。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是toplaysmartphones，故此处应用不定式作目的状语。31．答
案annoyance解析考查词性转换。这真的是一件令人生气的事。句中缺少名词作表语，故用annoy的名词形式，表示“使人烦恼的事，令人生气的事物”。32．答案chatted18解析考查动词的时态。根据句中的theo
lddays可知，此处描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。注意：chat要双写t再加ed。33．答案on解析考查介词。每个人只把注意力放在自己的手机上。concentrateon...集中(注意力)于……，聚精会神于……。34．答案it解析考查代词。本句考查
了“itseemsthat...”句式。35．答案largely解析考查词性转换。空处修饰动词ignore，因此用副词形式，意为“在很大程度上”。36．答案distant解析考查词性转换。由句意和空后的名词
可以推断出此处应用形容词作定语。distant遥远的。37．答案How解析考查副词。该句为How引导的感叹句型：“How＋形容词＋主语＋谓语”。38．答案arecontrolled解析考查动词的时态和语态。在某种程度上，我们现在被手机控制了。we与contr
ol是被动关系，再结合后面的now可知，此处应用arecontrolled。
