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2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷·英语本试卷共11页，共100分．考试时长90分钟．考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15

分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．Recently，Itookatriphomebytrain．Igotaseatoppositeamid

dle-agedmanwithsharpeyes，whokept1ayoungwomaninawindowseatwithalittleboyonherlap．Thewoman'seyefellontheman'sface，andsheimmediatelylookeddo

wnand2herscarf．Asthenightworeon，peoplebegantoclosetheireyes，buttheseatsweresouncomfortablethatonlyaveryheav

ysleepercouldmanagetogetany3．Thewomanlookedoverattheman．Hewasstillstaringather．Shelookedbackathimwithfireinhereyes．Iwasbeginningto

get4，too．Thetrainmovedon．Thelittleboywas5awakeonhismother'slap，butthewomandroppedofftosleep．Amomentlater，hebeganto6thehalf-openwindow—onelegwe

ntoverit．Themanjumpedupand7thechildjustbeforehefellout．The8wokeupthewoman．Sheseemedtobein9，andthenrealitydawned（显现）．“Yourc

hildhasbeenlookingforanopportunitytoclimboutofthewindow，”themansaidashegavethechildbacktoher.．“SoIhavebeenwatchingthewholetime．”Thewoman

was10，andsowasI．1.A.guidingB.botheringC.watchingD.monitoring2.A.adjustedB.changedC.packedD.waved3.A.airB.joyC.spaceD.rest4.A.nervousB.embarrass

edC.angryD.disappointed5.A.almostB.stillC.hardlyD.even6.A.dragB.climbC.knockD.push7.A.grabbedB.rockedC.touchedD.picked8.A.alarmB.quarrelC

.riskD.noise9.A.sorrowB.reliefC.panicD.pain10.A.astonishedB.confusedC.concernedD.inspired第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短

文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空．请在答题卡指定区域作答．AWhydowedream？Scientistsaren'tcompletelysure

，andtheyhavediverse11（idea）．Dreamsmightbeasideeffectofmemorymaking．Whenyousleep，yourbrainsortsthrougheverything1

2happenedduringtheday，tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.Asit13（connect）things，yourbraintumsthemintoastory，

andyougetadream．BSamisanin-real-lifestreamer（播主），andhelivestreamshimselfjustgoingabouthisday．Whileridinghisbikeh

ome14acoldnight，hecameacrossasad-lookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself．Thepoorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformatio

nabout15shelived．Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecould16（safe）waitforthepolicetotakeherhome．CThere17（be）adramaticriseinthenumberofextre

meweathereventsoverthepast20years，18（cause）largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures，accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnited

Nations．From2000to2019，therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld，19（result）inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss．Much

ofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange．Thefindingsshowacriticalneed20（invest）indisasterprevention.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．AIfyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation，

science，orculture，thenaninternship（实习）atUNESCOwillbeidealforyou．Whocanapply？⚫Youhavecompletedyourfull-timeuniversitystudies；or⚫Youarestudyinginag

raduateprogramforamaster'sdegree．⚫Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution．Whataretherequir

ements？⚫Youmustbeatleast20yearsold．⚫Youshouldhaveagoodcommand（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench．⚫Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofoffice-rel

atedsoftware．⚫Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworkingenvironment．⚫Youshouldpossess

stronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills．Whatdoyouneedtoprepare？⚫Visa：Youshouldobtainthenecessaryvisas．⚫Travel：Youm

ustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyourinternship．⚫Medicalinsurance：Youmustshowproofofacomprehensivehealthi

nsurancevalid（有效的）inthetargetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship．UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,000fort

heinternshipperiod．⚫Medicalcertificate：Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork．⚫Motivationlet

ter：Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform．YourapplicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESCOmanagersan

dwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths．Wedonotrespondtoeverycandidate．Ifselected，youwillbecontactedbyamanager．Ifyoudonotreceiveanyu

pdatewithinsixmonths，itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful．21.Accordingtothispassage，applicantsarerequiredt

o_________．A.holdamaster'sdegreeinscienceB.haveinternationalworkexperienceC.befluentineitherEnglishorF

renchD.presentaletterfromatechnicalinstitution22.WhatwillUNESCOprovidefortheinternshipperiod？A.Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage．B.Trainingi

ncommunicationskills．C.Amedicalcertificateforwork．D.Financialsupportfortravel．23.Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefilli

ngouttheapplicationform？A.ContactUNESCOmanagers．B.Getaccesstothedatabase．C.Keepamotivationletterathand．D.Workinatea

mforsixmonths．BIrememberthedayduringourfirstweekofclasswhenwewereinformedaboutoursemester（学期）projectofvolunteeringatanon-profitorganizati

on．Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp，mylastchoicewasOperationIra

qiChildren（OIC）．Myfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplan

sIhadinmind．Then，anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetails，whichsomewhatinterestedme．Afterdoingsomeresearch，Ibelievedthatwe

couldreallydosomethingforthosekids．WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite，IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren．Theirfacesweresopowerf

ulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair（绝望）andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation．Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsu

ppliesaspossible，andmakethemintokits——onekit，onechild．Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday，whenalltheeffortsweputintocollectingtheitemsfinally

cametogether．WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected，ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild．Overthep

astfourmonths，IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceourprojectwascompleted．Whilemakingthekits，IrealizedthatI

hadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit．IhadonlyfocusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagoodgrade

on．Whenthekitswerecompleted，andreadytobesentoverseas，thewarmfeelingIhadwasoneIwouldneverforget．Inthebeginning，Idaredmyselftom

akeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson．Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butt

en．Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation．24.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningthe

OICprojectinthebeginning？A.Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans．B.Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas．C.Itwouldnotbringhim/heragood

grade．D.Itwouldnotliveuptohis/herexpectations．25.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject？A.ImagesofIraqich

ildren．B.Researchbyhis/herclassmates．C.Ateacher'sintroduction．D.Arepresentative'scomments．26.Theauthor'sOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento__

________．.A.becomeOICvolunteersB.furthertheireducationC.studyinforeigncountriesD.influenceotherchildren27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage？A.One'sp

otentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated．B.Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted．C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords．D.Hewhohesitatesislos

t．CHundredsofscientists，writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecembe

r：Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse．Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acred

iblescenario（情景）thiscentury”．Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents，foodinsecurity，andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcol

lapse．Ofcourse，ifyouareanon-humanspecies，collapseiswellunderway．Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespecia

llygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations．Notverylongago，itwasal

sounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility．Theinternationalscho

lars'warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen．Collapseology，thestudyofcollapse，ismoreconcernedwithidentifyin

gtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization．Amongthesignatories（签署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson，theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”co

ncept，whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle．Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity，“itseemsthatglobalcollapseisce

rtaintohappeninsomeform，possiblywithinadecade，certainlywithinthiscentury，”Johnsonsaidinanemail．Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbio

physicallimits,theDecemberwarninglettersays，canwehavethehopetoreducetheir“speed，severityandharm”．Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelyto

beignored．Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine．Asapoetwrote，Manisavictimofdope（麻醉品）Intheincurableformofhope．Thehundredsofscholars

whosignedtheletterareintent（执着）onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness．“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse，”heysay，“anddealw

iththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture．”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“g

ermane”inParagraph3probablymean？A.Scientific．B.Credible．C.Original．D.Relevant．29.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse

，theauthoris__________．A.worriedB.puzzledC.surprisedD.scared30.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A.Thesignatorie

smaychangethebiophysicallimits．B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem．C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized．D.Theglobalcollapseiswellund

erway．DEarlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt．Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim．AlbertEinsteinadded

anotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit．Today'sstate-of-the-artatomic（原

子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright．Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestio

nyou'reasking．Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute．Whatif，insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology？Whatifwea

llowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo（节奏）ofhumanlife？We'reincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineering

alone，andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate（调节）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance．Whatifourdefinitionoftimereflectedthat？Recently，

Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedtocircumstancesonourplanet，conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobalwarming．We'renowbuildinga

clockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers，whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges．We'veprogrammedi

ttomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate．Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage，thecl

ockwillgetaheadofstandardtime．Iftheyrunslower，you'llseetheoppositeeffect．Theclockregistersbothshort-termirregu

laritiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics．It'sasortofobservatorythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfromtheirowntemporalframe（时间框架），andallowsustowit

nessthosechangesonoursmartwatchesorphones．AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewillliveinharmonywiththeplanet．Anyonewhoconsidersrivertime

inrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivatedtocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelor

supportinggreenerpolicies．Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars，earlyagriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtimeton

aturalphenomena．Inpre-ClassicalGreece，forinstance，people“corrected”officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardorbackwardtore

flectthechangeofseason．Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival．Likewise，rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswe'redeve

lopingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness．WhenSt．Augustineadmittedhisinabilitytodefinetime，hehighlightedoneoftime'smostnoticeablequalit

ies：Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext．Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid，andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpo

se．31.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1？A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature．B.Everyonecandefinetimeonthei

rownterms．C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit．D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists．32.

TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto__________．A.presentanassumptionB.evaluateanargumentC.highlightanexperimentD

.introduceanapproach33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A.Thosewhodonotgoonrivertimewillliveanimbalancedlife．B.Newwaysofmeas

uringtimecanhelptocontrolEarthsystems．.C.Atomictimewillgetaheadofrivertimeiftheriversrunslower．D.Moderntechnol

ogymayhelptoshapetherivers’temporalframe．34.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage？A.Itiscrucialtoimprovethedefinitionofti

me．B.Afixedframewillmaketimemeaningless．C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature．D.Historyisamirrorreflectingreality．第二节（共5小题；每小

题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．选项中有两项为多余选项．Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople．35Thementalhealthbenefi

tsfrommusiccan'tbeargued．Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes．36Howeve

r,forthesamereason,musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain．Bydistracting（分心）themindfromthepain,music,peoplesay,canlowerstressandanxiet

ylevels．This,ofcourse,canleadtolesspain．Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed．37Whilethevalidityoftheideaisst

illbeingassessed，theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure．Similarly,accordingtoresearchers，listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmus

iceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels，throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety．Whenitcomestohearthealth，thereisspeculation（推测）

thatit'snotthestyleofmusic，butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth．InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmon

itoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure．38Ontheotherhand，whenthemusicslowed，theparticipants'stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonhear

tratesappearedtofollowsuit．39Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakes

musicsovaluable．A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems．B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulif

itistooloud．C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking．D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep．E.Theimpli

cationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive．F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectso

nstressandanxiety．G.Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere．第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4

小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题．请在答题卡指定区域作答．Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved，theemotionalrespons

etiedtoitissignificantlyreducedoralmostcompletelyerased．Thus，itmaybeworthbringingupissueswithyourfri

ends，familymembers，orclassmatesratherthanholdingthemback．Thereisadifferencebetweenarguingandfighting．Arguingistha

tyouandyouropponentpresentyourconcernsanddiscussthefeelingsandissuesrelatedtothoseconcerns．Youcanengageinanarg

umentrespectfullywithoutstirringup（激起）anger．Fighting，however，usuallyinvolvespersonalattacks，raisingofvoices，andsto

rmingout．Discussingyourissuesandresolvingtheminsteadofstuffingthemdowncanimproveyouremotionalhealth．Inastudy，2.000peoplewer

easkedtorecordtheirfeelingsandexperiencesforeightdaysinarow．Whenpeoplehadanargumentthattheyconsideredresolved，theyhadhalfthereactivity（情绪反应）oftho

sewhoavoidedanargument．Reactivityisanincreaseinnegativeemotionsoradecreaseinpositiveemotions．Inotherwords，resolvinganargumentcu

tsyournegativefeelingsbyhalf．Onedaylater，peoplewhohadaresolvedargumentreportednoincreaseofnegativeemoti

onscomparedwiththosewhoavoidedanargument．Thismeansthatresolvinganargumentcanfeellikeyouhavereachedastateofresolution—andyouarelessl

ikelytobeannoyed．Moreover，theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument．Thismaybebe

causemorelifeexperienceusuallyleadstomoredefinedpriorities．Youaremorelikelytodistinguishbetweenwhatmattersandwhatdoesnot．Itiseasierto

avoidadiscussion，butriskingtalkingaboutitmayeventuallyleadtoabetteroutcome．40.Accordingtothispassage，whatisarguing？41.Whyisitthat“theolderyouare，them

orelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument”？42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement，thenunderlinei

tandexplainwhy．Resolvingargumentscanimproveyouremotionalhealth，becauseitincreasesyourreactivityandreduc

esthechanceofyougettingangry．43.Inadditiontoimprovingemotionalhealth，whatdoyouthinkaresomeotherbenefitsofresolv

inganargument？（Inabout40words）第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华．你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴约．请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1．表达歉意并说明原因；2．提出建议并给出理由．注意：1.词数100

左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．DearJim，_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________Yours，LiHua2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷)英语参考答案第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分

，共15分）1.C2.A3.D4.C5.B6.B7.A8.D9.C10.A第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）11ideas12.that13.connects14.on15.where16.safely17.hasbeen18.caused19.resu

lting20.toinvest第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）21.C22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.B28.D29.A30.B31.B32.D33.C3

4.C第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）35.F36.B37.D38.G39.E第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）40.Arguin

gisdiscussingyourworries，relatedfeelingsandproblemswiththeotherparty．41.Itisbecausemorelifeexperiencemayhelppeoplebetteridentifyp

rioritiesinlife．42.Resolvingargumentscanimproveyouremotionalhealth，becauseitincreasesyourreactivityandreducesthechanceofyougetti

ngangry．Resolvingargumentshelpstodecreaseyourreactivity．43.略．第二节（20分）范文：DearJim，I'msorrythatIwon'tbeabletogohikingwithyout

hisSaturday．Ibegantocoughyesterdaymorning，soIwenttoseeadoctor．Shetoldmeitwasabadcold，andIwouldhavetostayathomeforafewdays．I

'dreallyliketospendsometimewithyou．IsitOKwithyouifwetakeatriptoZhangjiakounextSaturday？It'soneofthehostcitiesforthe2022

WinterOlympics．Pleaseletmeknowwhatyouthink．Again，I'msorryabouttheinconvenience．Hopetohearfromyousoon．Yours，LiHua