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文体分类练(五)说明文之新概念类Passage1(2024山东淄博一模)主题:曝光效应词数:348难度:★★★☆☆Wouldyouratherwatchanewmovie,oranoldfavorite?Would

yourathertryadishyou’veneverhadatarestaurant,orstickwithsomethingyouknowyou’lllike?Researchersstudyingthe“meree

xposureeffect”havefoundthatweoftenpreferthefamiliartothenovel.Peopledidn’tneedtoexperiencearewardorpositiveoutcomewhilearoundtheobje

ct—simplybeingexposedtotheobjectwouldbeenoughtomakepeoplelikeit.Totestthis,socialpsychologistRobertZajonchadparticipan

tsreadwordsinaforeignlanguageoutloudandvariedhowoftenparticipantsreadeachword(upto25repetitions).Next,aft

erreadingthewords,participantswereaskedtoguessatthemeaningofeachwordbyfillingoutaratingscale(indicatinghowpositiveornegativetheythough

tthemeaningofthewordwas).Hefoundthatparticipantslikedwordsthattheyhadsaidmoreoften,whilewordsthatparticipantshadn’treadatallwereratedmo

renegatively,andwordsthathadbeenread25timeswereratedhighest.Justthemereexposuretothewordwasenoughtomakeparticipantslikeitmore.Oneplacewh

erethemereexposureeffectoccursisinadvertising.Itexplainswhyseeingthesameadvertisementmultipletimescouldbemoreconvincingthanjus

tseeingitonce.Ofcourse,there’sacautionhere:themereexposureeffectdoesn’thappenforthingsweinitiallydislike.Resear

chershavefoundthatourlikingforavarietyofthings(includingpictures,sounds,foods,andsmells)canbeincreas

edwithrepeatedexposure,suggestingthatthemereexposureeffectisn’tlimitedtojustoneofoursenses.Additionally,researchershavefoundthatt

hemereexposureeffectoccursinstudieswithhumanresearchparticipantsaswellasinstudieswithnon-humananimals.Anotherkeyfind

ingfromthisanalysiswasthatparticipantseventuallystartedtolikeobjectslessaftermanyrepeatedexposures.Inotherwords,asmall

ernumberofrepeatedexposureswillmakeyoulikesomethingmore——but,iftherepeatedexposurescontinue,youcouldeventuallygettiredofit.【语篇

导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了曝光效应,即一种我们会偏好自己熟悉的事物的心理现象。本文阐述了曝光效应的提出、应用及原理。1.WhatisthekeyfactorinRobertZajonc’stest?A.Frequency.B.Preference.C.O

riginality.D.Achievement.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Totestthis,socialpsychologistRobertZajonchadparticipantsreadwordsinaforeignlanguageoutloudandvariedhow

oftenparticipantsreadeachword(upto25repetitions).”可知,RobertZajonc测试的关键因素是频率。2.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofthe“mere-exposureeffect”?A.Wefavoranadv

ertisementatthefirstsight.B.Astudentjoinedintheclubbecauseoflove.C.Wearemoreconvincedofwhatwemetbefore.D.AstudentreadasmanyEnglishw

ordsaspossible.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“Researchersstudyingthe‘mereexposureeffect’havefoundthatweoftenpreferthefamiliartot

henovel.”可知,C选项“我们更相信以前遇见的”是曝光效应的例子。3.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“mereexposureeffect”accordingtoparagraph4?A.Itistheres

ultofadvertising.B.Ithasnothingtodowithanimals.C.Itistrueofwhatwedislikeatfirst.D.Itcanbeappliedtomultiplesenses.答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“Researchershavefoundthatourlikingforavarietyofthings(includingpictures,sounds,foods,andsmells)canbeincreasedwithrepeatedexp

osure,suggestingthatthemereexposureeffectisn’tlimitedtojustoneofoursenses.”可知,“曝光效应”可以应用于多种感官。4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.More

lovebecauseofmoreexposures.B.Thestudyonthe“mereexposureeffect”.C.Betterresultsfromtheearlierexposures.D.Theapplicationofthe“mereexposureef

fect”.答案B解析主旨大意题。本文介绍了曝光效应,即一种我们会偏好自己熟悉的事物的心理现象。本文阐述了曝光效应的提出、应用及原理。Passage2(2024山东菏泽一模)主题:多力多滋理论词数:336难度:★★★★☆Theappa

rentcomplexitiesoftheTikTokalgorithm(算法)mayactuallybeassimpleasabagofchips.Inavideowithmorethan700,000views,cre

atorCelesteArialaidouther“Doritotheory”,whichsheusestoexplaintheaddictivenatureofendlessly-scrollingsocialmediafeeds.Ev

eryonehasatopictheyjustcan’tstopthinkingabout,andAria’sRomanEmpireisDoritos.Inherpopularvideo,sheexpressesthatTikTokscrollingissoaddictivebe

causeitisneverfullysatisfying.LikeaDorito,ascrollingsessionontheForYouPageismoststimulatingduringthefirstfewbites.Theen

dofthechiporvideobringsadesiretostartconsuminganotherone,thusreturningtothatfirst-bitefeeling.Essentially,theDoritotheorysuggeststhatactivities

likeeatingDoritos,whichprovideaquickburstofpleasurebutlacklastingsatisfaction,canbehighlyaddictive.Ariacomparedittoc

onsumingfoodsthatofferdeepersatisfaction,likeaheartysteak,wherethefeelingoffullnessandcontentmentlastslonger.Thetheory

canapplytoalotofdifferentexperiences,butit’sparticularlywell-suitedasametaphorforthedopamine(多巴胺)booststhatoccurwhilescrollingthroughsocialmediafee

ds.Dr.JamieSorenson,aboard-certifiedpsychiatrist,saidthattheDoritotheoryisconsistentwithexistingideasregardingaddiction.“Themoreimmediate

therewardis,themorelikelywearetorepeatthatbehavior,whetherit’seatingDoritosorscrollingonsocialmedia.”Ariamaynotbealicensedmedicalprofe

ssional,butshetreatsjunkfoodthewayanynutritionistwould.“I’drecommendjusttryingtoremoveanythingthatyouthinkfallsintotheDoritocategory,”shesaysinhervid

eo.TheDoritotheorytrendhasledtoreflectionsonthenatureofaddictionandthepursuitofinstantsatisfactionintoday’ssociety,resonating(共鸣)

withmanyTikTokuserswhorecognizesimilarpatternsintheirownlives.So,itfeelslikeit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforeDoritosrespondstoA

ria’stheory.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Aria用她提出的多力多滋理论解释了社交媒体无尽滚动信息流为何具有高度成瘾性,这一理论引起了广大群众的共鸣,已成为一个热点话题。5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“RomanEmpire”inparag

raph2probablyreferto?A.Avideo.B.Asubject.C.Acountry.D.Asnack.答案B解析词句猜测题。根据画线词前“Everyonehasatopictheyjustcan’tstopthinkin

gabout”可推知,Aria的话题是多力多滋薯片,故B项“话题”与画线词含义一致。6.WhatmakesAriaaddictedtochipsaccordingtothetext?A.Socialmedia.B.Differe

ntflavors.C.Lastingsatisfaction.D.First-bitefeeling.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“LikeaDorito,ascrollingsessionontheForYouPageismoststimulati

ngduringthefirstfewbites.Theendofthechiporvideobringsadesiretostartconsuminganotherone,thusreturningtothatfirst-bitefeeling.”可知,Aria对薯片上瘾正是由于

这种“第一口”的感觉。7.HowdoesAriaexplaintheDoritotheory?A.Byintroducingaconcept.B.Byconductinganexperiment.C.Bymakingacomparison.D.Byquotinganexpert

’swords.答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Inherpopularvideo,sheexpressesthatTikTokscrollingissoaddictivebecauseitisneverfullysatisfying.LikeaDorito,asc

rollingsessionontheForYouPageismoststimulatingduringthefirstfewbites.Theendofthechiporvideobringsadesiretostartconsuming

anotherone,thusreturningtothatfirst-bitefeeling.”可知,Aria通过类比的方式阐述了多力多滋理论。8.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TikTok:anappealingplatformB.CelesteAr

ia:aninsightfuldiscovererC.Chipsorsteaks:achallengingchoiceD.TheDoritotheory:anongoinghitonline答案D解析主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了Aria的多力多滋理论,且这一理论引起了广大群众的共

鸣,已成为一个热点话题,故D项“多力多滋理论:一个网络上持续走红的热点”适合作为文章的标题。Passage3(2024浙江温州二模)主题:宜家效应词数:321难度:★★★★★Wheninstantcakemixesfir

stappearedinthe1950s,Americanhousewivesweredoubtful.Thesemixes,promisingeasycake-baking,felttooeasy.Themanufacturersdiscov

eredthatrequiringtheadditionofanegginthebakingprocesswasjustenoughtomakethehousewiveshappywiththeirwork.Thegreatersenseofeffort

gainedfromalittleextralaborisbelievedtohavebeenessentialtothelatersuccessofthecakemix.ThisreflectstheIKEAeffect(宜家效应),whichisidentifie

dbypsychologistMichaelI.Nortonandhiscolleagues,suggestingweplacegreatervalueonthingswehaveworkedtocreate.Theyconductedfourstu

diesinwhichtheyaskedparticipantstofoldpapercranesandfrogs,assembleIKEAboxes,andbuildsetsofLegos.Theythenaskedthebuilderstobid(出价)fortheircr

eations,andcomparedthepriceswithbidsfrompeoplewhohadn’tbuiltthem.Thebuildersconsistentlyoutbidthenon-builders.Interestingly,

theIKEAeffectworksevenwhenpeoplehavenoopportunitytofullypersonalizetheircreations.Whilemostparticipants’foldingskillsleftmuchtobedesire

d,theylovedtheirimperfectlypersonalizedproductsallthemore.Buildersvaluedtheirwrinkledcrane-likecreation

snearlyfivetimesasmuchasnon-builders.Beauty,itseems,isintheeyeofthebuilder.Today,ascitiesaresufferingfromseverehousingcrises,theIKEAeffect

cangiveusinsightintothewell-beingbenefitsofaself-buildingapproachtohousingdevelopment.ProjectslikeWikiHouseandthe“half-a-house”approachpione

eredbyAlejandroAravena’sarchitecturecompanyElementalareworkingtomakehousingmoreaffordableandsustainablebymakingiteasierforpeopletobu

ildandpersonalizetheirownhomes.“Themomentpeopleareinvolvedwiththeirbuiltenvironment,theyhaveatotallydifferentrelationshiptoit,”WikiHouseco-f

ounderAlastairParvinexplained.“Whentheroofstartsleakingoradoorstartscreaking,theyhavethepowertofixitthemselves.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说

明文。本文通过讨论宜家效应以及几个实验研究的结果,论述了人们更加珍视自己亲手创造的东西,并由此引发了对自我建造住房的好处的思考。9.Whatbroughtcustomersthejoyofcake-bakingaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Abet

tertaste.B.Aneasyapproach.C.Adetailedrecipe.D.Anadditionaleffort.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“Themanufacturersdiscoveredthatrequirin

gtheadditionofanegginthebakingprocesswasjustenoughtomakethehousewiveshappywiththeirwork.Thegreatersenseofeffortgainedf

romalittleextralaborisbelievedtohavebeenessentialtothelatersuccessofthecakemix.”可知,额外的努力给顾客带来了蛋糕烘焙的乐趣。10.Whatdoestheun

derlinedsentenceinparagraph3imply?A.Creationsarebasedonskills.B.Extralaborincreasesperceivedvalue.C.Beautyisfoundthroughcontrast.D.Strictmanagemen

tbringsgoodquality.答案B解析词句猜测题。根据上文内容可知,本段主要讲述额外的劳动会让参与者更喜欢自己的作品,所以“Beauty,itseems,isintheeyeofthebuilder.”意为“额外的劳动增加了感知价值”。11.Whati

sAlastairParvin’sattitudetowardspublicinvolvementinhousing?A.Critical.B.Objective.C.Doubtful.D.Supportive

.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,AlastairParvin认为公众参与住房建设,他们与环境的关系就完全不同了,所以是持支持的态度。12.What’sthepurposeofthistext?A.Topromoteabrand.

B.Tomakeaproposal.C.Toexplainaconcept.D.Tointroduceastudy.答案C解析推理判断题。纵观全文,尤其是第二段内容可知,本文主要解释什么是宜家效应(IKEAeffect),所以本文的目的是解释一个概念。