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专项技能保分练(六)词义猜测题A[2019·河南省五校联考]Iwasgettingreadytogotobedwhenthephonerang.Thiscouldnotbegood.Mymindracedthroughthelistoffami

lymemberswhomightneedhelp,butthevoicewashardlyfamiliar.“Lindy,thisisLesley.”Ididn'tknowLesleywell.Wedidoccasionallyspeakwitheachother,buttosay

wewerefriendswasnotappropriate.Iaskedwhatsheneeded.Perhapssomethingreallyawfulcausedhertoreachsomeoneshebarely

knew.Instead,sheaskedme,“Doyouhaveroomforaturkey?Inyourfreezer？”We_had_lots_of_room_in_our_freezer,_and_in_fact,_too_much.

“Sure，”Iresponded,“didyourfreezerbreakdown？”“Notexactly，”Lesleyreplied,“butIwillexplainwhenIarrive.”Minuteslatercameahugefreeze

rtruck.Lesleysteppeddownandexplainedthelease(租约)ofthegrocerystoreherhusbandservicedhadrunoutandthattheyhadtoemptyal

lthefreezersthatverynight.Thinkingitwasashametothrowawayallthisgoodfood,theydecidedtodropofffoodtoanyoneshecouldthinkof.Noti

cingourfreezerwasprettyempty,Lesleyaskedtofillitup.Ourhomewastheirlaststopandanythingleftwouldhavetobeputinourfreezer.Anh

ourlater,everythingfinished,Iaskedher,“Whenwillyoucomebackforallthis？”Lesleylaughed,“Wedon'twantitback.Iti

syours!Thanksforhelpingusout！”Thentheywavedgoodbyeanddroveaway.“Forhelpingthemout？”Weopenedourfreezerdoor.Insid

ewereallexpensivefoodsweneverboughtbutoftenlongedtotry.Wewerestrugglingtobuygroceries,yetitwasnotsomethin

gwesharedwithanyone.However,ourneedsweremetinanunexpectedway,bythatcall.“Doyouhaveroomforaturkey？”体裁：记叙文题材：个人经历主题：“

求助”变“受助”【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，讲述了作者一家在困难时期意外收到一位只有点头之交的人的“求助”，实际上却得到对方帮助的故事。【难句分析】Lesleysteppeddownandexplainedthelease(租约)ofthegrocerystorehe

rhusbandservicedhadrunoutandthattheyhadtoemptyallthefreezersthatverynight.分析：thelease(租约)ofthegrocerystoreherhu

sbandservicedhadrunout和thattheyhadtoemptyallthefreezersthatverynight为并列的宾语从句，作explained的宾语，第一个宾语从句省略

了that，第二个宾语从句中的that不可以省略。herhusbandserviced为省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词thegrocerystore。译文：Lesley走了下来，解释说她丈夫就职的杂货店

的租约到期，他们必须在那天晚上清空所有的冰柜。1．Howdidthewriterfeelwhensheheardthephoneringing?A．Angry.B．Anxious.C．Shocked.D．Relieved.答案与解

析：B考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Thiscouldnotbegood.Mymindracedthroughthelistoffamilymemberswhomightneedhelp”可知，作者刚听到电话铃响

时认为不会有好事发生，猜测是哪个家人需要帮助，因此作者应是担忧的(anxious)。2．Whatdoestheauthorindicatebytheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2?A．Theywererunningout

offoodsupplies.B．Theirfreezerwastoolargetofill.C．Theyweregladtoputtheturkeyinthefreezer.D．Theirfreezerwaslessfrequentlyused.

答案与解析：A考查句意理解。画线句表示“我们冰箱的空间很多，事实上，是太多了”；最后一段中的“Insidewereallexpensivefoodsweneverboughtbutoftenlongedtotry”暗示，作者真正想要表达的是他们生活困难，贮存的食物快吃

完了，因此她家冰箱有太多的空间，故A项正确。3．WhydidLesleycallupthewriter?A．Becauseshedidn'twantfoodtogotowaste.B．Becausethewriterwashergoodfriend.C．Becausesomethingawfu

lhadhappened.D．Becausesheknewthewriterwasinneed.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Thinkingitwasashametothrowaway

allthisgoodfood,theydecidedtodropofffoodtoanyoneshecouldthinkof”可知，Lesley不想把这么好的食物扔掉，所以决定把食物送给她能想起的任何人，包括作者，故A项正确。4．What

canbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AfriendonSpeakingTermsB．WhoisMyAngel?C．UnexpectedBargainsD．DoYouHaveRoomforATurkey?答案与解析：D考查标题判断。文章主要讲述了

作者一家在困难时期收到Lesley的“求助”电话，询问其冰柜是否有空间存放火鸡，结果却得到Lesley的帮助的故事。结合文章前后均提到“Doyouhaveroomforaturkey”可知，D项正确。B[2019·成

都第一次诊断]Youngtreesdon'tjustgrow;theydevelopapersonalityandlearnmoreabouttheirenvironmentandhowtheyshouldbestbeh

aveinit.Theyalsohelpeachotheroutwheneverthere'strouble.Personality,justasamongpeople,variesamongtrees.Someareanxious,somebold.Onth

eauthor'sland,therearethreeoaktreesgrowingclosetogether.Oneoftheoaktreesalwaysstartstosheditsleavestwoweekse

arlierthantheothers.Sincetheyallexperiencethesametemperature,thesamesoilandthesamelengthofday,suchvariablescan'tbetheexplanation.Sowhat'shapp

ening?Well,thistreeissimplymorecarefulthantheothers.Whoeverholdsontotheirleaveslongercandomorephotosynthesis(光合作用)andstoremorenutrients.However,thelo

ngeratreekeepsitsleaves,thehighertheriskofinjury.Notonlydotreesmaketheirowndecisions,theyalsolearnfrom

theirmistakes.Atree,forexample,keepingitsleavestoolongduringoneyearwillnevermakethismistakeagain.Thisleadstoseveralotherconclusions:treesmust

noticethetemperatureandthelengthofthedayandbeabletosavetheirexperiencessomewhere.Obviously,treesdon'thavebrains,butitisthoughtthatinthesensitivetipso

ftheirrootstheykeeptrackofinformationandexperiences.Buttreesaren'tonlycleverwhenitcomestocaringforth

emselves.Theyalsosupporteachotherwheneverthere'stroublebygivingwarningsandeventakingcareofsickandweakcon

specificswithnutrients.Forexample,onetimetheauthorfoundaveryoldtreestump.Itsinsideshadrottedalongtimeagototopsoi

l.Butthewoodontheoutsideofthestumpwasstillliving.Howwasthispossible?Well,thestumpwasnourishedbyitsneighborswithnu

trientsfromtherootsystem,andhadbeenforatleast400years!Whydotreesdo_such_a_thing?It'ssimple:it'sbettertogether.Treesneedthef

orest;itprotectsthemfromstorms,providestherightmicroclimateandwarnsthemofattacks.体裁：说明文题材：自然主题：树的智慧【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，

遇到困难时它们也会互相帮助。研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。【难句分析】Notonlydotreesmaketheirowndecisions,theyalsolearnfrom

theirmistakes.分析：该句使用了倒装语序，notonly置于句首，助动词do移至主语trees之前构成部分倒装结构。译文：树木不仅能自己做决定，它们还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。5．Whydoesthea

uthormentionthethreeoaktrees?A．Toillustratetreescanlearnfromexperiences.B．Toshowtreescanmakeindependentdecisions.C．Toexplaintreesarequitesupportive

toeachother.D．Toprovetreeshavethesamepersonalitiesashumans.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第二段第四句“Oneoftheoaktreesalwaysstartstosheditsleavestwoweeksear

lierthantheothers”可知，三棵橡树中，有一棵总比其他两棵先落叶；结合第三段第一句“Notonlydotreesmaketheirowndecisions,theyalsolearnfromtheirmistak

es”可知，树木能自己做决定。据此可推知，作者提及三棵橡树旨在说明树木可以自己做决定，故B项正确。6．Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesgeneralfeature

softrees?A．Anxiousandbold.B．Smartandadventurous.C．Helpfulandwell-behaved.D．Adaptableandsupportive.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句“Notonlydotrees

maketheirowndecisions,theyalsolearnfromtheirmistakes”，并结合第三段内容可知，树木不仅能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。据此可推知，树木适应能力强；根据第四段第一、二句“Buttreesaren'tonlycleverwhen

itcomestocaringforthemselves.Theyalsosupporteachotherwheneverthere'stroublebygivingwarningsandeventakingcareofsick

andweakconspecificswithnutrients”可知，树木不仅善于照顾自己，当遇到困难时，它们会发出警告，相互支持，甚至照顾生病、虚弱的同类。据此可推知，树木之间互帮互助，故D项正确。7．Whatdoestheunderl

inedphrase“dosuchathing”mean?A．Givewarnings.B．Offerassistance.C．Dependonothers.D．Providenutrients.答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。根据第四

段尾句“Well,thestumpwasnourishedbyitsneighborswithnutrientsfromtherootsystem,andhadbeenforatleast400years！”可知，树桩是

由它的邻居从根处给予营养来滋养的；结合第五段第一句“Whydotreesdosuchathing？”和第五段的内容可知，该处表示“为什么树木要互相帮助？”，故画线短语是指提供帮助，故B项正确。8．Wheredoesthistextmostprobablyc

omefrom?A．Apubliclecture.B．Asciencebook.C．Anexperimentreport.D．Atraveljournal.答案与解析：B考查文章出处。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它

们也会互相帮助；研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。据此可推知，本文最可能选自科学书籍，故B项正确。C[2019·海南五校一模]EngineershaveputahugegarbagecollectortogatherplasticmaterialinthePacificOc

eanbetweenCaliforniaandHawaii,theworld'slargestspreadofgarbage,twicethesizeofthestateofTexas.TheOceanCleanuporgani

zationcreatedthecollector.Thegroup'sfounder,BoyanSlat,aninventorbornin1994,wasjust16whenhewasmovedtocleanuptheoceanswhenhewasonadiveandsawm

oreplasticbagsthanfish.LastSaturday,ashippullingthepipe-shapedfloatingbarrierleftSanFrancisco.Attachedtoitisascreeningskirtthathangsthreeme

tersdowninthewater.Thescreenisdesignedtocollecttheplasticasitmovesthroughthewater.Seaanimalscansafelyswimunderthebarrier.Thecleanupsystem

alsocomeswithlightspoweredbythesun,cameras,andotherspecialdevices(设备),sothesystemcancommunicateitspositionatalltimes.Thatwayasupportshipcanf

inditeveryfewmonthstoremovetheplasticthathasbeencollected.Shippingcontainerswillholdalltheplasticgathered,includingbottlesandfishing

equipmentandareexpectedtobebackonlandwithinayear.Thentheplasticwillberecycled.Thefree-floatingbarriersaremadetosurviveextremeweather

conditionsanddamagefromcontinualuse.Theywillstayinthewaterfortwentyyears,thuscollecting90%ofthegarbageinthearea.TheOceanCleanuphasrecei

ved$35millionindonationstopayfortheproject,hopingtoput60free-floatingbarriersinthePacificOceanby2020.“It's

importanttoturnoffthetapsonplasticenteringtheocean,butIalsothinkpeoplecandomorethanonethingatatimetodealwiththis

problem，”Slatsaid.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，介绍了在美国加州和夏威夷之间的太平洋海域运行的海洋垃圾收集器。【难句分析】Thegroup'sfounder,BoyanSlat,aninv

entorbornin1994,wasjust16whenhewasmovedtocleanuptheoceanswhenhewasonadiveandsawmoreplasticbagsthanfish.分析：这是一个主从复合句，Whenhewasmovedto

...oceans为时间状语从句，whenhewasonadive...fish为从句中的时间状语从句。译文：该组织的创立者叫BoyanSlat，是一位出生于1994年的发明家，他16岁那年，在一次潜水中，看到水中的塑料袋比鱼还多，于是不由得想去清理海洋。【熟词生义】

spread常用义：v.&n．传播；蔓延本句义：n.涉及区域例句：Thecompanyhasagoodgeographicalspreadofhotelsinthiscountry.该公司在这个国家开设的饭店地理分布相当广。move常用义：v.移动；搬家；使感动本句

义：v.促使例句：Shefeltmovedtoaddressthecrowd.她不由得想给大家讲一番话。skirt常用义：n.裙子本句义：n.挡板例句：Thereistherubberskirtaroundthebottomofahov

ercraft.气垫船底部的四周是橡胶挡板。9．WhatdroveSlattoinventthecollector?A．Theinterestininvention.B．Hisfailuretodiveduetorubbish.C．Thesight

oftoomanyplasticbags.D．HisknowledgeofgarbageinthePacificOcean.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据题干的“发明这个垃圾收集器”，我们把答案定位在第二段。该段说“Thegroup'sfounder,BoyanSlat..

.whenhewasonadiveandsawmoreplasticbagsthanfish”，由此可知，当年16岁的Slat在海里潜水的时候，发现水里的塑料袋比鱼还多，这促使他决定清洁海洋，因此选C。10．Howdoes

thefloatingbarrierwork?A．Itreachesintothewatertocollecttheplastic.B．Ithaslargecontainerstoproducepower.C．Itformsbarrierstoprotectseaanimals.D．A

shipdragsitalongintheocean.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。第三段说“Attachedtoitisascreeningskirtthathangsthreemetersdowninthewater..

.throughthewater”，这种垃圾收集器的下面部分是一个屏障，能够延伸到水下三米的地方，并且在水中移动的同时收集塑料，因此选A。11．Whichdoestheunderlinedword“it”in

paragraph4referto?A．Thesupportship.B．Thefloatingbarrier.C．Theplastictoberecycled.D．Thepositionofspecialdevices.答案与解析：

B考查代词指代。从画线词所在的语境看，这里的it指前面提到的清洁系统，也就是悬浮屏障，因此选B。12．WhatisimportantforprotectingtheoceanaccordingtoSlat?A．Sendingmorecolle

ctorsintotheocean.B．Inventingmoreoceancleanupdevices.C．Stoppingplasticfromenteringtheocean.D．Banningtheuseofplasticbagsinboats.答案与解析

：C考查推理判断。最后一段提到Slat说的话“It'simportanttoturnoffthetapsonplasticenteringtheocean,butIalsothinkpeoplecandomorethanonethingatatim

etodealwiththisproblem”，即他认为重要的是关掉塑料进入海洋的龙头，由此推断他认为关键是不让塑料进入海洋。