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2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编专题05阅读理解一、2019年高考真题I.应用文1.【2019·全国卷I，A】NeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyp

rogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnabo

utprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivin

gincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合条件)forthisprogram.Whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligi

ble:Youth15-18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社区).SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostarta

ndruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15-29,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYo

uthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Wh

oiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOppo

rtunities(机会)ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvinc

ialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29for

personswithadisability.21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.I

tprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.22.Whatistheage

rangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15-18.B.15-24.C.15-29.D.16-17.23.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A.JobsforYouth.B.SummerCompany.C.

StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.【语篇解读】本文为应用文。本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工

作。21.B【解析】细节理解题。根据SummerCompany部分中的“SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswith...awardsofupto＄3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses”可知“Su

mmerCompany为学生提供高达3000美元的奖励，来开始和经营他们自己的暑期业务”。“startandruntheirownsummerbusinesses”即“为开办新的业务”，这对应B项中的“runnne

wbusinesses”，二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。22.D【解析】细节理解题。根据StewardshipYouthRangerProgram部分中的第二段“Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18befo

reDecember31thisyear.”可知“符合条件的学生：16岁或17岁的学生，但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁”。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17岁之间。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。23.D【解析】

细节理解题。根据SummerEmploymentOpportunities部分中的最后一段最后一句“Whoiseligible:...Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswi

thadisability”,可知SummerEmploymentOpportunities有些职位是给残疾人的。分析选项可知，D项符合题意，故选D。2.【2019·全国卷II，A】MyFavouri

teBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.Matilda

RoaldDahlIoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforh

isstrangeanddelightfulwords.Matilda'sbattleswithhercruelmeparentsandthebossyheadmisres，MissTrunchbull，areequallyfumyandfrightening，butthey'r

ealsoaspirational.AfterDarkHarukiMurakamiIt’sabouttwosisters-Eri，amodelwhoeitherwon’torcan’tstopsleeping，andMari,ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconne

cttohersister.Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse”nightpeople”whoarehidingsecrets.GoneG

irlGillianFynnTherewasabitofmethatdidn'twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdidbutthehorrorstoryi

sbrilliant.There'stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It'sarealwhodunitandthefrustrationwhenyourealise

what'sgoingonishorriblyenjoyableTheStandStephenKingThisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersar

ound.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworld'spopulation,abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoselet.Ran

dallFlaggisoneofthescariestcharactersever.21.Whodoes"I"refertointhetext?A.StephenKing.B.GillianFlynn.C.JoUsmar.D.RoaldDahl22.Whichofthefo

llowingtellsaboutMariandEri?A.Cosmopolitan.B.Matilda.C.AfterDark.D.TheStand.23.WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?)A.Afolktale.B.Abiography.C.Alovestory.D.Aho

rrorstory.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了作家JoUsmar最喜欢的书籍。21.C【解析】细节理解题。由Matilda中的“Ioncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffair

ytalesonRoaldDahl’swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulwords”可知，我曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德·达尔写作有影响

的论文，这篇论文让我对他奇怪而有趣的文字有了新的认识。所以JoUsmar在介绍Matilda这本书，用第一人称“I”口吻来说明自己曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德·达尔写作有影响的论文。所以“I”指的是JoUsmar。故C选项正确。22.C【解析】细节理解题

。由AfterDark中的“It’sabouttwosister-Eri,amodelwhoeitherwon’torcan’tstopsleeping,andMari,ayoungstudent”可知，故事讲的是两个姐妹---Eri是一个突然一觉

不醒的模特。玛丽，是一个充满青春活力的上和古董店里寻找旧的军队勋章，然后将这些勋章归还它们的合法主人。文章主要叙述了他这一爱好的起源。21.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ZacknowsthemeaningofaPurpleHeart—heearnedonehimself

inawarasasoldier”可知，当Zac还是一名士兵的时候，在一次战争中他获得了一枚PurpleHeart。故A选项正确。22.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Todriveeighthourstocometoseeme”可以推知，Adeline

为了那枚PurpleHeart开车八个小时来见Zac，由此可知，她对于这件事是认真地。因此，Atthatpoint,Iknewshemeantbusiness应该指的是Zac意识到Adeline对这枚勋章是认真的。故B选项正确。23.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中

的“Corrado,atranslator…waskilledinactioninEurope”和倒数第三段中的“asIgrewolder…andmissedmybrothermoreandmore,Ir

ealizedthatwastheonlythingwehadleft”这枚勋章寄托了Adeline对于去世的哥哥Corrado的回忆和思念，这是他们家留下的唯一关于哥哥的东西了。因此她很珍惜这枚勋章。故D选项正确。8.

【2019·浙江卷，B】Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbills

attachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheiro

wncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社会经济的)backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedt

heproject."Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars."Mostofthebillsontheboardweresing

les,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.“WhatIcansayf

orthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,”Bridgessaid.“There’sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgav

ethemost."Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,B

ridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.Headdedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsa

ndposttheirownvideosontheInternet.“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,"hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahe

lpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”24.Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsatta

ched"inparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutcondit

ions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.25.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?A.Womentendedtobemoresociable.B.T

heactivityattractedvariouspeople.C.Economicproblemsweregettingworse.D.Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.26.WhydidBri

dgescarryouttheproject?A.Todoatestonpeople’smorals.B.Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.C.Toearnhimselfagoodr

eputation.D.Topromotekindnessandsympathy.【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站,一块牌子上别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。这样的活动吸引了各种各样

的人，组织者希望通过这样的活动来提倡仁慈和同情。24.C【解析】词义猜测题。由第一段“ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbills

attachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”可知，但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站，一块牌子上别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的

，拿走你所需要的”。所以通过下文的语境，判断出第1段中的moneywithnostringsattached是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。故B选项正确。25.B【解析】推理判断题。由第二段““Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-econom

ic（社会经济的）backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboar

dandtakeafewdollars.”可知，发起该项活动的泰勒·布里奇斯说:“所有年龄、种族和社会经济背景的人都会付出和索取。”甚至有一位穿着婚纱的新娘来到了牌子前，拿走了一些钱。所以通过泰勒·布里奇斯所说的，可以判断出，他提到新娘就是想说明这

项活动吸引了各种各样的人。故B选项正确。26.D【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段“Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy”可知

，尽管这段视频看起来像是一项新的广告活动的一部分，但是布里奇斯说这次活动唯一的目标是表现出慷慨和同情。所以布里奇斯实施这个活动是为了提倡仁慈和同情。故D选项正确。III.说明文1.【2019·全国卷I，C】Asdataandident

itytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokee

pothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsayth

attheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhich

onetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforc

eofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,a

ndbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn

'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingt

hetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollecte

dfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbe

prettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearf

uture.28.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.ToimproveaccuracyintypingC.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Toc

utthecostofe-spaceprotection.29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible？A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintsca

nningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.30.Whatdo

theresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard？all1osoisgitieocooll.A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.C

.It'llbemadeofplastics.D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary.B.AguidebookC.Anovel.D.Amagazine.【语篇

解读】这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，目前，向指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。28.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的Atpresent,thesetechn

ologiesarestillexpensive,though.和第二段的ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgets

aroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space保护的成本。故选D。29.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthings

liketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus，theke

yboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities可知，因为每个人的打字方式不同，使智能键盘能够识别人的身份。故选C。30.B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.可知，研究者们

希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选B。31.D【解析】推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是关于科技，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本杂志。故选D。2.【2019·全国卷I，D】Duringtherosyyearsofele

mentaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.T

hencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplaying

jokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclini

calpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthe

nschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatap

pearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.

Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are

“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastlik

ed,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreag

gressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanl

eadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswanty

ouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzi

nghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthos

eoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.32.Whatsortof

girlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A.Theclassificationof

thepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.34.WhatdidDr.Pri

nstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D.Theyperfor

medwellacademically.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice-YouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBeerC.BetheBe

st-YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲到研究表明，对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有

益影响。32.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeep

myhighsocialstatus（在美好的小学时光里，我喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了高高的社会地位。）由此推断出，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind不友善的；lonely寂寞的；generous慷慨的；cool冷静的，故选C。33.A【解析】主旨大意

题。第二段MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.（临床心理学教

授MitchPrinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对thelikable和thestatusseekers做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选A。34.B【解析】推理判断题。

根据第四段Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment（它清楚地表明，可爱可以促使健全的调整），由此推断出，心理学教授MitchPrinstein的研究表明，最有人望的孩子适应性更强，故选B。

35.A【解析】主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。与选项A“对别人好——最终，你的收获无穷无尽”一致，故选A。4.【2019·全国卷II，D】Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemfor

astronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhoursclean

ingthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjusta

nykids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclass,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoo

linFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingway

stokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解决方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFl

orenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,othertha

n‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.’Engin

eerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and…it’snotaverynicethingattime.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”Gordo

nsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIju

stsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersaboutt

heproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.32.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A.Theyarehard

togetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.C.Theyappeardifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.33.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A.Tostrengthenteache

r-studentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D

.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation34.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A.Checktheirproduct.B.Guideproject

designsC.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronauts.B.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontier.C.Na

ture:AnOutdoorClassroom.D.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。本文介绍了HUNCH项目就是通过Gordon的学生找到如何杀死空间站的细菌这一技术，把空间技术与带进课堂，与学校教

育相结合，从而最终影响到大学入的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些在食物网运营的关键原则。科学家们说;因为一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。该系统将告诉我们何时适应人类活动，这些活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，或者甚至允许我们将生态系统从边缘拉回来

，预防是关键。46.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科中的一些关键原则。故选B。47.C【解析】

细节理解题。根据第一段的Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物)，thetwospeciesarestronglylinked可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。故选C。48.D【解析】推

理判断题。根据第二段的Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhad,asurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspeciestheydidnot

directlyattack可知，处于食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果食物链顶级食肉动物的数量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。故选D。49.A【解

析】推理判断题。根据第四段的Ideallythesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystem

backfromtheborderline可知，人类过度的活动会将生态系统推向崩溃，由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。故选A。50.D【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warning

systembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideallythesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwoulde

venallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.可知，早期变暖系统发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。故选D。9.【2019·江苏卷，B】Inthe1960s，whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryof

YellowstoneNationalPark，BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat，oddly，hadnottroubledanyonebefore:hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano.Ithadbeenkn

ownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn't

findtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.Mostofus，whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes，thinkoftheclassiccone(圆锥体)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro，whichar

ecreatedwheneruptingmagma(岩浆)pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943，aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtosee

smokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredf

eetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth，allbutafewhundredoft

hemextinct.Thereis，however，asecondlesknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivet

hattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack，leavingbehindavasthole，thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype，butChristiansencouldn'tfi

ndthecalderaanywhere.JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedo

nsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'centers

.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos，herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera;almostthewholepark-2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionh

adleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownup

withaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.58.WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone

？A.Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures.B.Itsever-lastinginfluenceontourism.C.Themysterioushistoryofthepark.D.Theexactlocati

onofthevolcano.59.Whatdoesthesecond-paragraphmainlytalkabout？A.Theshapesofvolcanoes.B.Theimpactsofvolcanoes.C

.Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.D.Theheightsofvolcanoes.60.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"blow-up"inthelastparagraphmostprob

ablymean？A.Hot-airballoon.B.Digitalcamera.C.Bigphotograph.D.Bird'sview.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。讲述了二十世纪六十年代BobChristiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来

，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。58.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句ButChristiansencouldn’tfindtheYellowstonevolca

noanywhere.可知，他困惑的是到处看不到火山。故选D。59.A【解析】主旨大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故

选A。60.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpas

sedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors’cente

rs.可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处

意为将照片放大，选C。10.【2019·浙江卷，C】Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatec

hangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests

,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAng

eles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfacto

rscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpu

shedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).Butinc

omparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,Mclntyreandhiscollea

guesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofb

igtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstres

swithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemper

ature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).Sincethe1930s,Mclntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwate

rstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotree

sduringthedryseason.27.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B.Theincre

asingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D.Theinfluenceoffarmingon

bigtreesinCalifornia.28.Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A.Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B.

Banningwoodcutting.C.Limitinghousingdevelopment.D.Firecontrolmeasures.29.WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMclntyre?A.

Inadequatesnowmelt.B.Alongerdryseason.C.Awarmerclimate.D.Dampnessoftheair.30.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.California'sForests

:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B.CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC.WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D.Patri

ckMclntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia【语篇解读】本文为说明文，根据一项研究表明，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，气候变化似乎是其主要因素。27.A主旨大意题。在第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的

严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。28.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsma

lltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources（资源）.可知，野火控制在控制了森林大火的同时，使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，它们与大树争夺资源，这对大树产生了不利的影响，

故选D。29.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,…,andearliersnowmelt,…可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是气温的上升，以及较

早的融雪，故选C。30.A【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项A符合题意。IV.议论文1.【2019·全国卷II，C

】MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!Lunch

isBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.

Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore，74percent，according

tostatisticsfromthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone，buttogether，youknow？”Bechtelsaid，lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel，whoworksindo

wntownWestPalmBeach，haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes，butlikemanyofus，toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepab

ossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today，Ijustwantedsometimetomyself，”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover，AndrewMazoleny，alocalv

ideographer，isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasisifhewan

tstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It'sachanceforself-reflection,Youreturntoworkrech

argedandwithaplan.”Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone，butth

osedaysareover.Now，wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealtheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemerit，w

hosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.28.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A.Foodvariety.B.Eat

inghabits.C.Tablemanners.D.Restaurantservice.29.WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A.Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B.Tocatchupwithherwork.C.Tohavesom

etimeonherown.D.Tocollectdataforherreport.30.WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?A.Hemakesvideosforthebar.B.He’sfondofthefoodatthebar.C.Heinterviews

customersatthebar.D.He’sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalon

e.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作

氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。28.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选

B。29.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself.

可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。30.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst

-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction.可知Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里，查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。31.A【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一

份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。2.【2019·全国卷III，B】ForWesterndesigners,Chinaand

itsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative."It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfor

designers,"saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.Earlierthis

year,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongs

ideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashi

onableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences."Chinaisimpossiblet

ooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmean

sChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-so

meofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemha

ndsdownindesignandsales,"addsHil.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscuss

ingfashion."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"shesays."Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithas

becomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina-itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersand

modelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."24.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?A.Itpromote

dthesalesofartworks.B.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.C.ItshowedancientChineseclothes.D.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.25.WhatdoesHillsayaboutC

hinesewomen?A.Theyaresettingthefashion.B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.C.Theyadmiresupermodels.D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.2

6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takingon"inparagraph4mean?A.learningfromB.lookingdownonC.workingwithD.competing

against27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.DifferencesBetweenEast

ernandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和

模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。24.B【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第三段Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.（此次展览吸引的参观者

人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。）由此可知，纽约的展览吸引了许多参观者，故选B。25.A【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第四段Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatse

lldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion-theyarecentraltoitsmovement.（中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这

意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。）由此可知，Hill说中国女性开创了新时尚，故选A。26.D【解析】词义猜测题。下文andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales说并在设计和销售上击败他们

。由此推断出上文VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MareJacobs的意思是VeraWang、AlexanderWang和JasonWu正在与Ga

lliano、Albaz和MareJacobs竞争。takingon意思是“竞争”，故选D。27.D【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段chinaanditsculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforwesterncreations.以

及最后一段Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina-itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes

,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."（如果你今天谈论时尚，你谈论的是中国——它的影响，它的方向，它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许

多方面被认可。），结合全文内容，可知这篇文章最恰当的题目是“中国文化助力国际时尚潮流”，故选D。3.【2019·天津卷，D】WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalos

ingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyh

eaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350ye

ars.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whyd

osomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyre

achlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearnin

gongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofus，infact，progressivelynarrowthevar

ietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseo

fwonder.But，ifwearewillingtolean，theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.

Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease，somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathatt

roublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm，wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantiti

stohavemeaninginourlife.However，wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos（自我），whethertolovedone

s，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate（视……等同于）“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnurs

ing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck，orrun

ningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.51.Thepassagestartswit

hthestoryofCervantestoshowthat_________.A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'

sgoalC.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinP

aragraph3probablymean？A.Endone'sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinu

elearning.53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4？A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C

.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5？A

.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D.Amanshouldlearnsuit

ablewaystodealwithlife.55.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage？A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaning

fuladultlife.B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotiv

ationforlearning.D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。51.B【解析】推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因

为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。52.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavesto

ppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.故可知，作者谈论的不是

那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止学习，故选D。53.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段welosethesenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theoppor

tunitiesareeverywhere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。54.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段welearntobearwiththethingswecan’

tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—an

ideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让

我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。55.A【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。6.【2019·江苏卷，C】W

hocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine?Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrec

entchanges?Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions.However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultin

misguideduseofscarceresources.ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmad

esomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety"h

asledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造业)withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.Evenmo

reworryingly,thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworrya

boutthe"digitaldivide"betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.Thishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneyto

developingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perh

apsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprove

dpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsay

ingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyasses

singtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.Inyetanotherexample,afascinationw

iththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevol

utionarythatnowweliveina"borderlessworld".Asaresult,inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresu

ltofgreattechnologicalprogress,goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeofthev

erynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimpor

tantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies,bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels,andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividualle

vel.However,ourfascinationwiththelatest,andourundervaluationofwhathasalreadybecomecommon,can,andhas,ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.61.Misjudgmen

tsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto__________.A.alackofconfidenceintechnologyB.aslowprogressintechnologyC.aconflicto

fpublicopinionsD.awasteoflimitedresources62.TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould__________.A.takepeople'sessentialneedsintoaccountB.make

theirprogrammesattractivetopeopleC.ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupportD.providemoreaffordableinternetfacilities63.Whathasledmanygovern

mentstoremovenecessaryregulations?A.Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.B.Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.C.Ign

oringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.D.Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.64.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peopleshould

beencouragedtomakemoredonations.B.Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.C.Makingrightcareerchoi

cesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.D.Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家，对个人，对慈善事业都会有不利的影响。61.D【解析】细节理解题。

根据第二段However,theyhavereakimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用，也就是资源的浪费，故选D。62.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段Pe

rhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakin

gmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternet

centresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswi

thoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.可知，与其给那些贫困地区孩子

笔记本电脑或者建网络中心，还不如给钱打井，铺电网或者生产他们买得起的洗衣机，这些东西更能改善他们的生活。作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选A。63.B【解析】推理判断题。根

据第五段Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologies

ofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina"borderlessworld".以及Believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmen

tshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.可知，对

新东西的迷恋让人们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界。正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故选B。64.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段ThefascinationwiththeICT(Inf

ormationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswrong

lyconcludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety"hasledthoseco

untriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造业)withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.可知，对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷恋让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结

论，制造产品已经过时了，他们应该靠创意生活，因而忽略了制造业，从而对经济造成不利影响，故可知传统的技术依然传统的技术依然有它的地位，不能新兴的信息技术取代，故选B。二、2019届模拟题I.应用文1.武汉第二中学2019届高三五月全仿真模拟考试TheVisitorOystercardAVisi

torOystercardisthecheapestwaytopayforasingleadultjourneyinLondon.It’saplasticsmartcard.Youcanuseitonthebus,tube,tram,DLR,LondonO

vergroundandmostNationalRailservices.It’smuchcheaperthanbuyingindividualtickets,insomecasescosting50%lessthanthepriceofar

egularpaperticket.HowtogetaVisitorOystercardYoucanbuyaVisitorOystercardonline.Yourcardwillbedeliveredbypo

st.Thecardcosts£5andyouchoosehowmuchmoneyyouwanttoaddtothecard.ThismeansyoucanstartusingthecardthemomentyouarriveinCentralLondon

.HowdoestheVisitorOystercardwork?TheOystercardworksonapay-as-you-gosystem.Youstartbyaddingmoneytothecard.Thenyoutravel,thecostofthefarewillautomat

icallybedeductedfromyourVisitorOystercard.Forexample,ifyouadd£20tothecardandmakeatubejourneyof£2.30,youwillhave£17.70leftonthecard.Afewmor

epoints:·Achildundertheageof11travelsfreewhenaccompaniedbyanadult.·You’llsavemoremoneyifyouusethetubeseveraltimes.TheVisitorOyster

cardis“capped(给……定上限)”at£6.80perday.·You’llpaymoreduringpeaktimes.PeakfaresapplyfromMondaytoFriday(6:30am—9:30am;4:00pm—7:0

0pm),exceptforpublicholidays.·ReusetheOystercardbyaddingcreditatatubestation,OysterticketshoporVisitorCentre.·Receiveadiscountont

heThamesClippersRiverBusservices.1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheVisitorOystercard?A.Youcan’tuseitduringpublicholidays.B.Youcanhaveitmaileddirectlytoyourhom

e.C.YoucangetafreeOystercardifyouorderonline.D.Youcanreceivea50%discountatanyshopinLondon.2.Howmuchmoneywillbededu

ctedifyoutakethetubefourtimesinadaywithaVisitorOystercard?A.£2.30.B.£3.40.C.£6.80.D.£9.20.3.Wherecanyouaddcreditt

oyourVisitorOystercard?A.OntheInternet.B.Atabusstation.C.Atatubestation.D.Inconveniencestores.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文

。文章介绍了游览伦敦使用VisitorOysterCard的好处，如何购买及如何充值。1.B【解析】细节理解题。第二段第二句Yourcardwillbedeliveredbypost.可知VisitorOystercard可以直接寄到你家。故选B。2.C【解析】细节理解题。

根据Afewmorepoints部分You’llsavemoremoneyifyouusethetubeseveraltimes.TheVisitorOystercardis“capped(给……定上限)”

at£6.80perday.可知如果你乘几次地铁，你会节省更多的钱。VisitorOyster卡的“上限”是每天6.8英镑。故选C。3.C【解析】细节理解题。根据Afewmorepoints部分倒数第二段ReusetheOystercardbya

ddingcreditatatubestation,OysterticketshoporVisitorCentre.可知可以在地铁站添加，故选C。2.山东省潍坊市2019届高三高考模拟（5月三模)考试HotSpotsforRetireestoStartTheirEncoreCare

erEncoreCareer:VocationalSchoolInstructorRetirein:LosAngeles,CAEversinceIBMCEOGinniRomettycoinedtheterm“newcollar”todescribewell-paidjobst

hatrequirespecificskillsbutnotnecessarilyadegree,vocationalschoolshavemadeaseriouscomeback.Apparentlyinstructorsareinshortsupplyinsun

nyL.A.,wherethereare13jobsatvocationalschoolsforeveryapplicantonthemarket.Thisisagreatopportunityforski

lledretireessince,unliketeachingatapublicschoolthatrequiresastatecertificate,theonlyrequirementhereisthatyoubeaseasonedex

pertinyourfield.EncoreCareer:BusinessConsultantRetirein:Miami,FLConsultingisagreatoptionforaretiredbusinessprofessionallookingtomakethei

rownhours,betheirownboss,andearnasmuchoraslittleasneededtomaintaintheirstandardofliving.ForeveryconsultantinMiamiri

ghtnowthereare13businesseshopingtohirethem.There'sevengreaterdemandherethaninWashingtonD.C.,whichistypicallyconsideredtheconsulting

capitaloftheworld.EncoreCareer:TouristWranglerRetirein:Austin,TXAstheeconomycontinuestoboomandmoreAmericanshaveextraincometospe

nd,thetourismindustryhastakenoff.ThisisparticularlytrueinAustin,TX,wheretherewereastonishing36tourismjobsforeveryapp

licantinJuly.Betweenfour-starhotels,thenoisyrockn'rollscene,andanewfoodculture,Austinistheplacetobeifyouwanttoworkinserviceindustry.EncoreCare

er:SupporteroftheArtsRetirein:Charleston,SCIfyou'reaBabyBoomerwithadegreeinthearts,nowcouldbetheperfecttimetorevisityourpassionfo

rcreativity.,especiallyifyoualsowanttoliveinthecenterofsoutherncharm.Betweenthe14artgalleriesonKingStreetinOldTown,anabundanceofactin

gcompaniesandtheaters,andmusicfestivals,it'snotsurprisingtherewere25jobsforeveryartyapplicantiiiCharleston.1.Whichcareerfocusesona

napplicant'sskillsinsteadofadiploma?A.VocationalSchoolInstructor.B.BusinessConsultant.C.TouristWrangler.D.SupporteroftheArts.2Whichcit

yoffersanapplicantmorejoboptionsthantheothers?A.LosAngeles.B.Miami.C.Austin.D.Charleston.3.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A

.Children.B.Graduates.C.Retirees.D.Tourists.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个退休人员可以重新开始职业生涯的热门地点，以及这些地点的详细情况和职业的要求。1.A【解析】细

节理解题。第一段最后一句Thisisagreatopportunityforskilledretireessince,unliketeachingatapublicschoolthatrequiresastatecertificate,theonlyrequirementhereist

hatyoubeaseasonedexpertinyourfield.可知VocationalSchoolInstructor岗位对有技能的退休人员来说是一个很好的机会，因为不像在公立学校教书需要国家证书，这里唯一的要求是你在你的领域里是一个经验丰富的专家。即

注重申请人的技能而不是文凭，故选A。2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一、二句AstheeconomycontinuestoboomandmoreAmericanshaveextraincometospend,thetourismindustryhastaken

off.ThisisparticularlytrueinAustin,TX,wheretherewereastonishing36tourismjobsforeveryapplicantinJuly.可知随着经济持续繁荣，越来越多的美国人有额外的收入可以消费，旅游业也开始腾飞。德克萨斯州奥斯汀

的情况尤其如此，今年7月，该州旅游业的就业岗位达到了惊人的36个。可知Austin给求职者提供的工作选择比其他城市多。故选C。3.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章的标题HotSpotsforRetireestoStartTheirEncoreCareer以

及文章主要介绍了两个退休人员可以重新开始职业生涯的热门地方，故文章是针对退休人员的。故选C。3.河北省石家庄市高三模拟试卷Dreamingofsummerpicnicsfilledwithfamilyandfun?We’vec

omeupwith4ofthetoppicnicareasacrosstheUS.CumberlandIslands,GeorgiaJustafewhourssouthofSavannah,thisnationalseashoreisapicnicparadise

.It’sanunspoiledplaceintheDeepSouthwithover50milesofhikingtrails(小径).CoveredinSpanishmoss,thetrailsarelinedwithtreesan

dsinceit’sstillaruralarea,thestarslineupforaspectacularshowatnightandcreatetheperfecteveningstarlitpicnicoppor

tunity.GrantPark,ChicagoIfyouarelookingfordeliciousfoodinChicago,goforatasteofa20-day,lake-front,foodiefestivalthathappensinOctobereachyear.Graba

spotnearthefountaintoenjoyyourpicnic,appreciatethecitysceneryandlakeviewsandrelaxwithfamilyandfriends.IfyouarethereonJuly4th,bes

uretoplanthedaytoincludethefireworksdisplayattheNavyPier.CranberryIslands,MaineHere,you’llenjoynaturalpicnics

withislandviews.Theislandsareadelightfulgroupofislandsabout20minutesoffshorefromAcadiaNationalPark.Youcanvisitthe

islandsbyprivateboatorferry(渡船)service.Bringapicnicbasketalongfortherideasit’saromanticpicnicareatotakeyourspecialsomeoneorgoforafamilyou

tingtovisittheislands.BigSur,CaliforniaThePointLobosStateReserveisasmallgem.Besidesthecoastalwildlifetherearerareplantcommunities,anduniquege

ologicalformations.It’sgoodtohaveapicnicthere.Werecommendbringingatelescope,becausemuchofthewildlifecanbeseenonlyatadistance.1.What

areCumberlandIslandslike?A.TheyarejustnexttoSavannah.B.Theyhaven’tlosttheirnaturalness.C.TheyarealmostcoveredinSpanishmo

ss.D.Theyhaveaspectacularshoweverynight.2.Wherecanyouenjoyobservingwildlifewithatelescope?A.AttheNavyPier.B.IntheDeepSouth.C.AtAcadiaNationalPark.D.

AtthePointLobosStateReserve.3.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.Tointroducesomepicnicareas.B.Tosharepersonalstoriesa

boutpicnics.C.Totellreaderssomegoodwaystorelax.D.Toofferreaderstipsforwinterholiday.4.Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthispassag

e?A.Inapersonaldairy.B.Inasciencereport.C.Inatravelmagazine.D.Inageographytextbook.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。介绍了美国的4个顶级野餐区的相关信息。1.B【解析】细节理解题。由CumberlandIslands,G

eorgia中的“It’sanunspoiledplace...”可知，这是一个未遭破坏的地方。所以CumberlandIslands并没有丧失它的自然风光。故B选项正确。2.D【解析】细节理解题。由BigSur,California中“ThePointLobosStat

eReserveisasmallgem。Werecommendbringingatelescope,becausemuchofthewildlifecanbeseenonlyatadistance.”可知，PointLobos是评价很高的国家保护区。我们建议带上望远镜，因为大部分野生动物只

能在远处看到。所以在PointLobos国家保护区可以享受用望远镜观察野生动物的乐趣。故D选项正确3.A【解析】推理判断题。由“Dreamingofsummerpicnicsfilledwithfamilyandfun?We’vec

omeupwith4ofthetoppicnicareasacrosstheUS.”可知，梦想着充满家庭和乐趣的夏季野餐？我们想到了美国四大顶级野餐区，以及下文对于野餐区的详细说明。所以判断出作者写这篇短文的目的就是要介绍一些野餐区。故A选项正确。4

.C【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，短文介绍了美国的4个顶级野餐区的相关信息。所以这篇短文是写给那些要去旅游的游客的，希望他们在读到这篇短文之后，获得更多关于去哪里旅游和野餐的信息。所以判断最有可能在旅游杂志上读到这篇文章。故C选项正确。4.山东

省潍坊市2019届高三高考模拟（5月三模)考试HotSpotsforRetireestoStartTheirEncoreCareerEncoreCareer:VocationalSchoolInstructorRetirein:LosAngeles,CAEversinceIBMCEOGin

niRomettycoinedtheterm“newcollar”todescribewell-paidjobsthatrequirespecificskillsbutnotnecessarilyadegree,vocational

schoolshavemadeaseriouscomeback.ApparentlyinstructorsareinshortsupplyinsunnyL.A.,wherethereare13jobsatvocationa

lschoolsforeveryapplicantonthemarket.Thisisagreatopportunityforskilledretireessince,unliketeachingatapublicschoolthatrequiresastatecertificate,th

eonlyrequirementhereisthatyoubeaseasonedexpertinyourfield.EncoreCareer:BusinessConsultantRetirein:Miami,FL

Consultingisagreatoptionforaretiredbusinessprofessionallookingtomaketheirownhours,betheirownboss,andearn

asmuchoraslittleasneededtomaintaintheirstandardofliving.ForeveryconsultantinMiamirightnowthereare13businesseshopingtohirethem.There'sev

engreaterdemandherethaninWashingtonD.C.,whichistypicallyconsideredtheconsultingcapitaloftheworld.EncoreCareer:TouristWranglerR

etirein:Austin,TXAstheeconomycontinuestoboomandmoreAmericanshaveextraincometospend,thetourismindustryhastakenoff.ThisisparticularlytrueinAustin

,TX,wheretherewereastonishing36tourismjobsforeveryapplicantinJuly.Betweenfour-starhotels,thenoisyrockn'rollscene,andanewfoodculture,A

ustinistheplacetobeifyouwanttoworkinserviceindustry.EncoreCareer:SupporteroftheArtsRetirein:Charlest

on,SCIfyou'reaBabyBoomerwithadegreeinthearts,nowcouldbetheperfecttimetorevisityourpassionforcreativity.,especiallyifyoualsowant

toliveinthecenterofsoutherncharm.Betweenthe14artgalleriesonKingStreetinOldTown,anabundanceofactingco

mpaniesandtheaters,andmusicfestivals,it'snotsurprisingtherewere25jobsforeveryartyapplicantiiiCharlesto

n.1.Whichcareerfocusesonanapplicant'sskillsinsteadofadiploma?A.VocationalSchoolInstructor.B.BusinessConsultant.C.TouristWrangler.D.Supporterof

theArts.2.Whichcityoffersanapplicantmorejoboptionsthantheothers?A.LosAngeles.B.Miami.C.Austin.D.Charleston.7.Whoisthetextint

endedfor?A.Children.B.Graduates.C.Retirees.D.Tourists.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个退休人员可以重新开始职业生涯的热门地点，以及这些地点的详细情况和职业的要求。1.A【解析】细节理解题

。第一段最后一句Thisisagreatopportunityforskilledretireessince,unliketeachingatapublicschoolthatrequiresastatecertifi

cate,theonlyrequirementhereisthatyoubeaseasonedexpertinyourfield.可知VocationalSchoolInstructor岗位对有技能的退休人员来说

是一个很好的机会，因为不像在公立学校教书需要国家证书，这里唯一的要求是你在你的领域里是一个经验丰富的专家。即注重申请人的技能而不是文凭，故选A。2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一、二句Astheeconomyco

ntinuestoboomandmoreAmericanshaveextraincometospend,thetourismindustryhastakenoff.ThisisparticularlytrueinAustin,TX,wheretherewereasto

nishing36tourismjobsforeveryapplicantinJuly.可知随着经济持续繁荣，越来越多的美国人有额外的收入可以消费，旅游业也开始腾飞。德克萨斯州奥斯汀的情况尤其如此，今年7月，该州旅游业的就业岗位达到了惊人的36个。可知Austin给求职者提供的工作选择比其他城

市多。故选C。3.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章的标题HotSpotsforRetireestoStartTheirEncoreCareer以及文章主要介绍了两个退休人员可以重新开始职业生涯的热门地方，故

文章是针对退休人员的。故选C。5.山东省菏泽市第一中学2019届高三最后一模Everymandreamsofhavingagoodcar.Withluxurycars,likeBentley,LamborghiniandRolls-Royce,goingintotheworldof

SUVs,ifyouhavedeeppockets,youwillbespoiltforchoice.◆LamborghiniAventadorSVJUsinganewaerodynamicsystemallowsittosetacarlaprecordof6:4497atNu

rburgring,oneofthelongestandmostchallengingcircuitsintheworld.Plus,carbonfibercanbeseeneverywhere,whichmakesthecarstrongandlightweight.There

’reonly900beingbuiltandyou’11needtocoughup$517,770tobuyone.◆AstonMartinDBXTheDBXisAstonMartin’smaidenSUVproduct.Itfeaturesach

oiceoftwogasengines—a4.0-literV8fromMercedesanda5.2-literV12fromitsown.Thepriceispredictedtobearound$250,000.◆AudiE-tronBeinganeco-friendlymotoring.

itisanall-electricSUVthatmakesupforitsratherordinaryappearancewithdesign,luxuryandtechnology.Atthefrontand

backareelectricmotorswhichinsureprogressisrapid.Inadditiontoplentyofstoragespace,theAudiE-tronprovidessidecamerasi

nsteadofsidemirrorsandairsuspensionthatadaptstotheterrain(地形).Handover$74,800andit’syours.◆TeslaRoadst

erTeslaRoadsterwillturnmostheads,Zeroto60in1.9secondsmeansitwillleavemostcarsfordust.Thetopspeedis250mph,wh

ichisalsounheardofformostcars—letaloneana11-electricone.Havingadvancedautonomousdrivingsystemsandahugetouchscr

eenforsurfingtheInternet,itwon’tmakeyouregretforpaying$200,000.1.What’sspecialaboutLamborghiniAventadorSVJ?A.Itofferstwogasengines

.B.Itisanall-electricSUV.C.Ituseslightweightmaterials.D.Ithasthemostchallengingcircuit.2.Whichcarissuitableifyouwantonewithada

ptableairsuspension?A.LamborghiniAventadorSVJ.B.AstonMartinDBX.C.AudiE-tron.D.TeslaRoadster3.WhichofthefollowingdoesTesl

aRoadsterprovide?A.Self-drivingsystems.B.Agas-savingengine.C.Sidecameras.D.Muchstoragespace.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四款豪华汽

车的卖点以及价格。1.C【解析】细节理解题。由问题中的“LamborghiniAventadorSVJ”将答案定位在第一个小标题下。由段落中的“Plus，carbonfibercanbeseeneverywhere，whichmakesthecarstrongandlightwei

ght.”可知，碳纤维是这种车使用的主要材料，这使得这种车很结实而且重量轻。也就是说车使用的是轻型材料。故选C。2.C【解析】细节理解题。由第三个小标题下的“Inadditiontoplentyofstoragespace,theAudiE-t

ronprovidessidecamerasinsteadofsidemirrorsandairsuspensionthatadaptstotheterrain(地形)”可知，奥迪e-tron不仅有足够大的存储空间，还有侧边摄像机

和适应地形的可调节的空气悬挂。且“airsuspension”只在第三个小标题下出现，其它三个小标下均没有出现空气悬挂。故选C。3.A【解析】细节理解题。由问题中的“TeslaRoadster”将答案定位在第四个小标题下。由本段中的“Havingadvanc

edautonomousdrivingsystemsand…”可知，特斯拉Roadste拥有高端的自动驾驶系统。故选A。6.山西省2019届高三第一次模拟考试BritishMuseumLocatedinGreatRu

ssellStreet,LondonWC1B3DG,theBritishMuseumhousesavastcollectionofworldartandartifactsandisfreetoallvisitors.TheBritishMuseum’sremarkable

collectionspansovertwomillionyearsofhumanhistoryandculture,andithasmorethan7millionobjects,soitwouldprobablytakeaweektoseeeverything.Over6mi

llionvisitorseveryyearexperiencethecollection,includingworld-famousobjectssuchastheRosettaStoneandEgyptianmummies.Admissionandopen

ingtimesFree,opendaily10:00to17:30.Openuntil20:30onFridays,exceptGoodFriday.Closedon24,25and26Decemberand1January.Largeluggage,suitcasesandcab

inbaggageForeveryone’ssafety,allbags,packagesandpersonalitemsmaybesearchedbeforeentry.WheeledcasesandlargeitemsofluggagearenotallowedintheBritishMu

seumforsafetyandsecurityreasons.Storageforluggageisavailableatmajorrailstations,includingEuston,King’sCrossandCharingCr

oss.MembershipMembershipallowsyoutodiscover2millionyearsofhumanhistorywithfreeunlimitedentrytospecialexhibitions,anexclusivedis

countofferonmagazinesubscriptionandmanymorebenefits.Individualmembership:￡74Under26membership:￡54Youngfriends(aged8---15):￡

25ShopsThemuseumhasfourshopswhereyoucanbuybooks,souvenirs,andfamilygifts.1.WhencanyouvisittheBritishMuseum?A

.At9:00onFriday.B.At12:00onMonday.C.OnChristmasDay.D.OnGoodFriday.2.Wherecanvisitorsstoretheirlargeluggage?A.Atmajortrainstat

ions.B.Atsomecrossings.C.InthehalloftheMuseum.D.AttheentrancetotheMuseum.3.Iftwofriendsaged14and18ap

plyformembershipoftheMuseum,howmuchshouldtheypay?A.￡25.B.￡79.C.￡50.D.￡148.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了大英博物馆的藏品，开放时间和行李寄存办法。1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据Admissi

onandopeningtimes部分提到的Free,opendaily10:00to17:30.可知，你可以在星期一中午12点去参观。故选B。2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据Largeluggage,suitcasesandcabinbaggage部分最后一句Storageforluggageis

availableatmajorrailstations,includingEuston,King’sCrossandCharingCross.可知，游客可以在主要的铁路站寄存行李。故选A。3.A【解析】数字计

算题。根据Membership部分的Individualmembership:£74Under26membership:£54Youngfriends(ages8-15):£25可知，他们申请会员证需要25+54=79英镑。故

选B。7.2019届山东师范大学附属中学高三最后打靶题PoliceForcepresentsCommunityRoadshow2019Wanttofindoutmoreaboutpolicework?C

omeandvisitusatthevariouslocationsacrossSingapore.EnjoytheperformancesbythefriendlydogsfromthePoliceK9Unitandth

ePoliceBand.Comewithyourfamilyandtakepartinthefunactivities.DetailsofRoadshowDate:16-17June2019Time:1

0am-7pmVenues:PunggolArcadeSerangoonCentreTampinesHubShuttlebusserviceswillbeavailabletoandfromthenearestMR

Tstations.Eachcanbepromisedafunpackwhichconsistsof:·miniaturepolicecar·keychain·notepad·penPerformances·K9

Showat11amand3pm·PoliceBandat6pmActivities·RockClimbing·BouncyCastle(forchildrenbelowtheageof12years)·ArtCompetitionTotakepartintheArtCompet

ition,participantsmustregisteronlineatwww.policeort.comby12June2019.Thiseventissponsoredby:·ArtforUs·Dall

yMinlMart·RockClimbCompanyLuckyDrawTimings:1pmand5pm(daily)1stprize:$300voucher(购物券)2ndprize:$150voucher3rdprize:$100voucher10con

solationprizesof$20eachWinnerswhoarenotpresentduringthedrawwillbenotifiedviaemailby19June2019.OrganizedbytheSingaporePoliceForce1.Whatshall

eachparticipantgetinCommunityRoadshow2019?A.Afunpack.B.Someprize.C.SomeVoucher.D.BouncyCastle.15.HowshouldapersonsignupforArtCompetiti

on?A.Onsite.B.Byemail.C.Byphone.D.ThroughtheInternet.16.Whichofthefollowingorganizedtheactivity?A.SerangoonCentre.B.RockClimbCompan

y.C.SingaporePoliceForce.D.PoliceortCompany.【语篇解读】本文是一则广告，这则广告的目的是推销警察社区的循环演出。1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据表格Eachcanbepromisedaf

unpackwhichconsistsof:·miniaturepolicecar，·keychain，·notepad，·pen可知，每个参赛者可以获得一个有趣的包裹，里面包含警车模型，钥匙串，笔记本以及笔，故选A。2.D【解析】细节理解题。根据TotakepartintheArtCompe

tition,participantsmustregisteronlineatwww.policeort.comby12June2019.可知，要参加ArtCompetition活动，必须网上报名，故选D。3.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后OrganizedbytheSingaporePo

liceForce可知，这些活动的主办方是新加坡警方，故选C。8.福建省厦门市2018-2019学年高三第二次质量检测考试Manyofthemoststrikingbeastsontheplanetcom

einonlytwocolors:blackandwhite.Thesehigh-contrastmarkingsrepresentsomeofthenature'smostdiverseevolutionary

choices.Forsomeanimals,black-and-whitecoloringisawaytowarnoffnaturalenemies.Forothers,tokeepinsectsaway.Forstillother

s,itcreatesaclevercover.Spendsometimeexploringwhatsciencehasdiscoveredabouttheseanimals’appearances,andyouwillseethatbasicblackan

dwhiteisn'tsobasicafterall.SkunkDependingonthespecies,blackskunksmaywearwhitespotsthatactasacoverorwhites

tripes(条纹)thatsignalenemiestowatchoutfortheirsmellyspray.GiantPandaResentinsightsintopandacoloringhavecomefromstudyingeachbodypartseparately.B

lackearsindicatefierceness,anddistincteyepatchesaidinindividualrecognition.Thepandainwhitebodyhidesitagainstsnow,whiteitsdarklim

bs(四肢)keepitfrombeingspottedinforests,acompromisedevelopedfromitspoorbamboodiet:Bamboodoesn’tletpandasbuildupenoughfattohibernate(冬眠),for

cingthemtospendwintersinthesnow.BadgerEvenwhenabadgerisinitscave,itsfacialstripescanbeseen,Zoologistssaythewarningcolorationhelpsthesmalla

nimalpreventnaturalenemies.Blackbuck(male)Inbrightsun,thebuck’swhitestomachreducestheeffectoftheshadowcastbyhisback,allowinghimtoappe

aronecolorandtwodimensional---especiallyhidingfromnaturalenemiesinhisownshadown.1.Whichanimalscanusetheircolortowarnoffnatura

lenemies?A.SkunkandBadgerB.GiantpandaandZebraC.BadgerandBlackbuckD.ZebraandBlackbuck2.Whitebodyanddarklimbshelpthegiantpa

ndato________.A.showfiercenessB.storefatC.recognizeindividualsD.takecover3.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext

?A.Whichanimalshaveblack-and-whitecolor?B.Howsomeanimalsprotectthemselvesfromharm.C.Whysomanyanimalswearblack-and-whitecoats

?D.Whatsciencehasdiscoveredaboutdifferentcolors.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。自然多样性进化选择的一种结果是世界上很多引人注目的野兽都只有黑白两种颜色。这两个颜色帮助一些动物吓走天敌，帮助一些动物远离昆虫，还可以帮助一些动物隐藏。以臭鼬、大熊猫、獾、

雄性的印度羚四种动物为例，进一步证明了黑白色不是那么简单。1.A【解析】细节理解题。由Skunk小标题下的内容可知，臭鼬身上白色的条纹是用来暗示敌人小心它喷出恶臭的液体。由Badger小标题下的内容可知，獾脸上的条纹可以帮助这些小动物远离天敌。故A选项正确。2.D【解析】细节理解题。由Gi

antPanda小标题下的“Thepandainwhitebodyhidesitagainstsnow,whiteitsdarklimbs(四肢)keepitfrombeingspottedinforests”可知，熊猫白色的身体帮它在雪地里隐藏起来，而深色的四肢帮它在森林里不被发现。A.sho

wfierceness展现凶猛；B.storefat储存脂肪；C.recognizeindividuals识别个体；D.takecover躲藏，隐蔽。故D选项正确。3.C主旨大意题。由文章第一段最后一句“Spendsometi

meexploringwhatsciencehasdiscoveredabouttheseanimals’appearances,andyouwillseethatbasicblackandwhiteisn'tsobasicafterall.”可知，作者想和大家一起分享科学

家们对这些动物外观的研究成果，让大家明白黑白色并不是那么简单的。也就是说让大家知道为什么那么多动物只是黑白色？故C选项正确。II.记叙文1.上海市长宁区2019届高三二模ThebusscreamedtoastopinNazareth,Is

rael.FiveAustralianbackpackersboardedandstruckupaconversationwithme.Theyaskedtypicaltravelers’questions—wherewasIgoingan

dwhywasItravelingalone?Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend,Iexplained,butwhenIcalledherthatmorning,shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.

Mystomachwasinknots,butIdecidedtoheadoutanyway,thinkingImightrunintoherifItraveledtoTiberius,wherewehadplannedtogoto

gether.“Whydon’tyoutravelwithus?”oneofthebackpackersoffered.Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths,save,thentravelforaslongastheyco

uld.TheircurrentplanwastoexploretheMiddleEastandEuropeinthreemonthswhileworkinginLondon.Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrang

ers,butmyinstinctsaidyes.Forthenexttwoweeks,IexploredIsraelwiththebackpackersandlearnedtotrustmyinstinctsinalltypesofnewandinterestingsituations

.Whentheyhookaride,Itookthebus,butwhentheywantedtostealintotheKingDavidHotel’sswimmingpool,Iledtheway.TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchoseto

travelalone.Ijoinedcompletestrangers,whobecomeclosefriends.Yearslater,onecouplefromthebackpackinggroupevenflewfromSydneytoPhoenixtobeinmywedding.The

tripwassuchaspecialexperiencethatitgavemeconfidenceinallareasofmylife.Sincethen,I’vebackpackedaloneacrossSouthAfrica,sky-divedfrom12,000fe

etinNewZealandandevenmovedacrosstheU.S.withnojoblinedup.OnmythirddaywanderinginIsraelwithmynewfriends,IbumpedintothewomanIwassupposedtomeet.Thoug

hIwashappyshewasallright,Iwasgratefulshehadn’tpickedupthephone.1.By“Mystomachwasinknots”(inparagraph1),theau

thormostlikelymeansthatshewas______.A.sickofridingonabumpybusB.nervousofmeetingstrangersC.upsetaboutthesuddenchangeD

.sorryabouttheimpracticalplan2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebackpackerstheauthormet?A.Courageousbutdisrespectful.B.Jobles

sandpoorlyeducated.C.Warmheartedandtrustworthy.D.Homelessbutlighthearted.3.Theauthor’ssixthsensetoldherthat______.A.shewouldgetalo

ngwiththebackpackersB.itmightcausetroubletohaveaswimC.sheoughttostayawayfromthebackpackersD.itcouldaddexcitementtogetafreeride4.Whatcanbeinfer

redfromthepassage?A.Mostofthebackpackersbecametheauthor’slifelongfriends.B.Theauthorgatheredthecouragetobeafulltimebackpacktraveler.

C.Thewomanmissedthephonecallwiththepurposeoftravelingalone.D.Theauthorconsidereditthebestdecisionofherlifetotrav

elonherown.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者原本与朋友约好去旅游，却被放了鸽子，她决定一个人去。途中她遇见了五个背包客，这些背包客邀请她一起去旅游，她和这些人一起经历了美好的几天，并和他们成了好朋友

。1.C【解析】推理判断题。根据前文“Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend,Iexplained,butwhenIcalledherthatmorning,shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher

.”可知作者被朋友放鸽子了，被放鸽子肯定是失望的，C项（因为突然的变化而感到沮丧的）最符合作者此时的心情，所以选C。2.C【解析】推理判断题。根据““Whydon’tyoutravelwithus?”on

eofthebackpackersoffered”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游，说明他们很热心；根据“Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths,save,thentravelforaslongastheyco

uld”可知这些背包客旅游经验很丰富，所以是值得信任的，综合选C。3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据“Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers,butmyinstinctsaidyes.”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游时，她的本能（instinct）也就是第六感说了“好

”，也就是说她的第六感让她相信她能和这些背包客相处的很好，才会答应他们的邀请，故选A。4.D【解析】推理判断题。根据“TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalon

e.”可知作者觉得自己选择一个人旅游让自己看到了更大的世界，再结合最后一句“ThoughIwashappyshewasallright,Iwasgratefulshehadn’tpickedupthephone.”可知作者庆幸她的朋友没有接她的电话。由此可以判断作者认为自己选择一个人去旅行是

一个很好的决定，故选D。2.山东省潍坊市2019届高三高考模拟（5月三模)考试WhenRandyHeisswenthikingbehindhisPatagonia,Ariz.farm,thelastthingheexpectedtofindwasaChristmaslistfromal

ittlegirlacrosstheUS-Mexicoborder.“IfoundthisballoononmymorningwalknearPatagoniaonSunday.AttachedtoitwasapieceofpaperwiththeChr

istmaswishesfromalittlegirl,”HeisswroteonhisFacebookpage.Whenhebroughtthelisthometohiswife,whospeaksfluentSpanish,theydet

erminedthatthelittlegirlhadaskedforEnchantimalstoys,clothes,artsuppliesandvariousothergifts.That'swhenHeissse

touttomakethelittlegirl'sChristmasdreamscometrue.HeisssaidhehadattemptedtosendChristmasletterstoSantaClausviaballoonwhenhewasakidbutneverreceive

daresponse.HeisssentaFacebookmessageonWednesdaytoXENY,aradiostationinNogales,toseeifitcouldhelphimtrackdownthegirlorherfamil

y.Helaterreceivedaresponsefromthestation,whichhaddeterminedtheauthoroftheletterwasan8-year-oldgirlnamedDayami,andthestation

wantedtosetupameetingbetweenthetwoonThursday.“Itjustchangedmyentireday,”HeisstoldtheWashingtonPost.“InsteadofgoingbacktomyofficeinBisbee,Iwentwit

hmywifetoWalmart.“ThecoupleboughtalmosteverythingonDayami'slist.TheyalsobroughtafewgiftsforDayami'sl

ittlesister,Ximena.Theytoldthechildrentheywere“ayudantesdeSanta,”orSanta'shelpers.Heiss,60,saidtheexperiencewasveryhealingforhimandh

iswife.Nineyearsago,thecouple'sonlysondied.“BeingaroundchildrenatChristmastimehasbeenabsentinourlives,”Heisssaid.Wenowhavefriendsforlife.

Foraday,thatborderfencewithitsconcertinawiremeltedaway.1.HowdidDayamisendoutherChristmaswishes?A.BycallingHeiss.B.Byattachin

gthemtoaballoon.C.Bywritingtoaradiostation.D.BysendingaFacebookmessage.2.WhendidHeissknowwhatthegirlexactlywanted?A.Afterthehelpofhiswife.

B.Whenhefoundtheballoon.C.AftertheirmeetinginAmerica.D.Whenhegotaresponsefromtheradiostation.3.Whatmightmake

Heissdecidetofulfillthelittlegirl'sChristmaswishes?A.Hisson'swill.B.Thegirlsrequestforhelp.C.Hissimilarunsuccessfule

xperience.D.Hisdesiretomakefriendswiththegirl.4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Thecouplegotoutofthe

paincompletely.B.Theexperiencewasagreatrelieftothecouple.C.ThecouplewouldhelpmorechildrenfromMexico.D.Therewillbenoborderbetweencountriesone

day.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了RandyHeiss在亚利桑那州巴塔哥尼亚徒步旅行时。在农场，他意外收到了来自美墨边境的一个小女孩的圣诞礼物清单。女孩通过气球来发送圣诞愿望。在妻子的帮助下，他们开始帮助女孩实现愿望。这次经历对这对九年前失去了唯一的

儿子的夫妻也说也是很大的安慰。1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段IfoundthisballoononmymorningwalknearPatagoniaonSunday.AttachedtoitwasapieceofpaperwiththeChristm

aswishesfromalittlegirl.根据下文可知小女孩就是Dayami，她是通过把愿望绑在气球上发送圣诞愿望的。故选B。2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Whenhebroughtthelisthometohiswife,whospeaksfluentSpan

ish,theydeterminedthatthelittlegirlhadaskedforEnchantimalstoys,clothes,artsuppliesandvariousothergifts.可知当他把单子带回家给能说一口流利西班牙语的妻

子时，他们断定小女孩想要的是魔法师的玩具、衣服、美术用品和其他各种各样的礼物。即他是通过妻子的帮助知道女孩到底想要什么的。故选A。3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句Heisssaidhehadatte

mptedtosendChristmasletterstoSantaClausviaballoonwhenhewasakidbutneverreceivedaresponse.可知当他还是个孩子的时候，

他曾试图通过气球给圣诞老人寄圣诞信，但从未收到任何回复。可知他有和女孩相似的但不成功的经历，因此他决定帮助女孩实现愿望。故选C。4.B【解析】推理判断题。最后一段第一句Heiss,60,saidtheexperiencewasve

ryhealingforhimandhiswife.可知这段经历Heiss说对他和他的妻子来说是非常治愈的。因为他们九年前失去了唯一的儿子，因此这次经历对他们来说是一种很大的安慰。故选B。3.福建省漳州市

第一中学2019届高三5月模拟考试Atseventy-three,MarciaPollock’sfatherwasamanofgreatindependenceandpride.Thekidscalledhim“Poppy”,anamethateverybodyused.Poppylivedinh

isoldneighborhoodandhehadapart-timejobatalocalpharmacy（药房）.AfterMarcia’smotherdied,PoppyfirmlyrefusedMarciaandJack’sinvitati

ontocomeandlivewiththem.Hewasstubbornaboutnotcrowdingtheirlittlehouse,aboutnotbecomingaburden.Infact,hewasalw

ayshelpful.Thekidslovedhimbecausehelistenedtothemandbecausehealwaysbroughtthemsomething.Healsobroughtspecial

giftstoMarciaandJack,neverarrivingempty-handed.Andsoitwaswithshockandbewilderment（迷惑）thatMarciawenttoseePoppyinthehospi

talthatsummerafterhehadfallendowninthestreet.ThedoctorsaidthatPoppyhadbeenlivingoncoffeeanddoughnuts.Laterthatday,thepharm

acisttoldMarcia,“Hehaspracticallynomoneyatall—justthegovernmentchequeandwhatlittlehemakeshere.YetImyselfsawhimspend

mostofhislastchequeonyourlittleboy’sbicycle.”ShebecamesternwithPoppy.“You’refoolish,Poppy,”shesaid.“Ihavemypride,”Poppyanswered.“Falsepride,”shehu

rled（斥责）backathim.Duringautumn,Poppydidn’tcomearoundasoftenashehadinthepast,butwhenhedid,hewouldstillarrivewithlittleg

iftsinhand.Then,justbeforetheholidays,PoppytoldMarciathathecouldn’tvisitthemonChristmasDaybecausehewoul

dwatchthestore,butMarciaknewtheshopwasnotopenonChristmas.ShefeltworriedandcalledPoppy,tellinghimthathewasoneofthemandthattheyal

llovedhim.HalfanhourbeforetheturkeywentonthetableonChristmas,Poppycame.Thekidsrushedtohimandgavehimmorehugsa

ndkissesthanhehadeverhadbefore.PoppyheldouthisarmstoMarcia,andhishandswereempty—yetneverhadtheybeenmorefilled.1.WhichisPoppy’sreasonfornotlivingwith

hisdaughter?A.Hehadapart-timejob.B.Hewasstubbornsometimes.C.Helikedlivingindependently.D.Hedidn’twanttobecomeaburdentoher.2.WhywasMarciapuzzledafte

rhearingthedoctor’swords?A.Shedidn’tknowwhohadknockedPoppydown.B.ShethoughtPoppyhadenoughmoneyforliving.C.Shewondered

howtotakecareofhimlater.D.Shethoughtthedoctordidn’tknowhislivingcondition.3.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“stern”in

paragraph5?A.patientB.angryC.respectfulD.afraid.4.WhydoestheauthorsaythatPoppy’shandswerefilledatlast?A.Poppylearnedthat

hewasloved.B.Poppyhadbroughtenoughgiftsbefore.C.Poppystillheldhisindependenceandpride.D.PoppyhadfoundreasonsforMarcia’srudeness.【语篇解

读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Marcia的母亲去世后，Poppy坚决拒绝女儿Marcia和女婿Jack的邀请，不和他们住在一起。他固执地不去挤他们的小房子，不想成为他们的负担。每次Poppy去看望女儿一家，都会给他们带礼物。所以，Marcia一直认为自己的父亲有足够的钱生活。一次意

外发生，当医生告诉Marcia，他的父亲根本没有钱的时候，Marcia很困惑，没有钱还给孩子们买礼物。于是，Marcia和父亲吵了一架。后来，在圣诞节时，Marcia邀请父亲来家里，并且告诉他，他是他们中的一员，他们都爱他。这次Poppy终于

空手来了，放下了他所谓的“骄傲”。1.D【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第二段AfterMarcia’smotherdied,PoppyfirmlyrefusedMarciaandJack’sinvitationtocomeandlivewiththem.Hewasstubbornaboutnotc

rowdingtheirlittlehouse,aboutnotbecomingaburden.（Marcia的母亲去世后，Poppy坚决拒绝Marcia和Jack的邀请，不和他们住在一起。他固执地不去挤他们的小房子，不想成

为他们的负担。）由此可知，Poppy不和他女儿住在一起的原因是他不想成为她的负担，故选D。2.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段Infact,hewasalwayshelpful.Thekidslovedh

imbecausehelistenedtothemandbecausehealwaysbroughtthemsomething.HealsobroughtspecialgiftstoMarciaandJack,neverarrivingempty-hand

ed.（事实上，他总是乐于助人。孩子们爱他，因为他听他们说话，因为他总是给他们带来一些东西。他还给Marcia和Jack带来了特别的礼物，从来没有空手而来。）和第四段ThedoctorsaidthatPoppyhadbeenlivingoncoffeeanddoughnuts.Lat

erthatday,thepharmacisttoldMarcia,“Hehaspracticallynomoneyatall—justthegovernmentchequeandwhatlittle

hemakeshere.YetImyselfsawhimspendmostofhislastchequeonyourlittleboy’sbicycle.”（医生说Poppy一直靠咖啡和甜甜圈生活。那天晚些时候，药剂师告诉Marcia，“他实际上什么钱也没有——只有

一张政府支票和他在这里挣的一点点钱。可是我亲眼看见他把最后一张支票的大部分都花在你儿子的自行车上了。”）Marcia的父亲一直给他们买礼物，所以Marcia认为自己的父亲有足够的钱生活。当医生告诉Marci

a，他的父亲根本没有钱的时候，Marcia很困惑，故选B。3.B【解析】词义猜测题。下文“You’refoolish,Poppy,”shesaid.“Ihavemypride,”Poppyanswered.“Falsepride,”shehurled（斥责）backat

him.意思是“你真傻，Poppy”她说。“我有我的骄傲，”Poppy回答。“错误的骄傲，”她狠狠地回击他。由此可知ShebecamesternwithPoppy.意思是她对Poppy很生气。“stern”意思是生气的，A.patient有耐心的；B.

angry生气的；C.respectful尊敬的；D.afraid.害怕的，故选B。4.A【解析】推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段ShefeltworriedandcalledPoppy,tellinghimthathewasoneofthemandthattheyalllovedhim.（她很

担心，给Poppy打了电话，告诉他，他是他们中的一员，他们都爱他。）由此推断出，作者说Poppy的手最后被填满了是因为Poppy知道他被家人爱着，故选A。4.湖北省黄冈中学2019届高三第三次模拟考试英语ASouthKoreanmanan

dthe21ducklingshehasbeenraisingashischildreneversincetheyhatchedhavebeenbreakingtheinternetwiththeiramazingbond.Avideoth

atrecentlywentviralinthewesternworldshowsthecutebirdsfollowingtheir“mother”onamountainhikeandlisteningtohiseverycommand.Themiddle-agedman,whosenamei

snotrevealedinthevideo,hasbeentakingcareofhis21ducklingseversincetheywereeggs,makingsuretheincubation(孵化)periodwentsm

oothly,andevenhelpingthetinybirdsbreakthroughtheirshellwhenitcametimetohatch.Hewasthefirstthingtheylaideyesoninthisworld,andhehasremainedthem

ostimportantfigureintheirlivessince.Ducklingsnaturallyfollowtheirmotheraround,andsincethemanwastheonewhoactedastheirmother

,thesebirdsfollowhimeverywhere,evenupamountain.Tothemit’sonlynatural,butthemiddle-agedmanconsidersittrainingandconditioning

forthetimewhenhefinallyreleasesthemintothewild.Hewouldlovetoraisethemallaspets,butknowsthatwouldn’tbeidealforhimorthebirds,sohe’smak

ingsurethattheyarestrongenoughtosurviveinthewild.Thevideoshowstheducksfollowingthemiddle-agedmanashehikesupamountainoutsideSeoul,stoppingwhe

neverhedoesandrefusingtofollowanyoneelse,eveniftheygivethesame“let’sgo”commandtheirhumanmotherdoes.Un

lesstheyhearhisvoiceandseehimmoving,theydon’tbudge.It’sactuallyquiteremarkable.Imean,it’sonethingtoseedog

sactinglikethis,butducklings?That’ssomethingelse.Whileit’snotclearwhatthemandoesforaliving,I’mprettysurehehasalotofexperiencewithducks,asatonepo

intherevealsacertificatefor“fatherofducklings”dated2005.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthevideo?A.Theducklingsjustbrokethroughtheirshells.B.Themanacciden

tallysavedsomeducklings.C.Theducklingsjustobeyedthemannaturally.D.Themantookprideinhisducklings.2.What’stheman’spurposeofraisin

gtheducklings?A.Tomakealivingbyperforming.B.Tofilmavideotoattractattention.C.Tofreethemintothewildoneday.D.Tomakeacontributiontoabirdreserve.3

.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“budge”inParagraph4?A.Attack.B.Move.C.End.D.Struggle.4.Whatcanbethe

besttitleforthetext?A.“Father”and“mother”ofcutepetsB.Manraisesducklingsashis“children”C.DucklingsalsoregardedasgoodpetsD.Ama

zingbondbetweenmanandanimals【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道类阅读。文章主要讲了韩国一位中年男子把小鸭子当“孩子”养，这些小鸭子把他当成了“妈妈”，到处跟着他，很自然地服从这个人的命令。1.C【解析】细节理解题。答案

定位在第三段Ducklingsnaturallyfollowtheirmotheraround,andsincethemanwastheonewhoactedastheirmother,thesebirdsfollowhimeverywhere,

evenupamountain.（小鸭子很自然地会跟着它们的妈妈到处走，因为这个人就是它们的妈妈，所以这些小鸭子到处跟着他，甚至上了山。）由此可知，我们能从这个视频中得知，小鸭们很自然地服从这个人，故选C。2.C【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第三段Tothemit’sonly

natural,butthemiddle-agedmanconsidersittrainingandconditioningforthetimewhenhefinallyreleasesthemintothewild.（对它们来说，这是很自然的，但是中年男人认为这是为它们最终

被放归野外而进行的训练。）由此可知，这个男子养小鸭的目的是有一天把它们放归野外，故选C。3.B【解析】词义猜测题。上文Thevideoshowstheducksfollowingthemiddle-agedmanashehikesupamountainout

sideSeoul,stoppingwheneverhedoesandrefusingtofollowanyoneelse,eveniftheygivethesame“let’sgo”commandtheirhumanmother

does.意思是视频显示，当这名中年男子爬上首尔郊外的一座山时，鸭子们跟着他，无论他什么时候停下来，它们都不愿跟着任何人，即使给它们发出和人类母亲同样的“让我们走”命令。由此可知，Unlesstheyhearhisvoiceandseeh

immoving,theydon’tbudge.意思是除非它们听到他的声音，看到他在动，否则它们不会动。“budge”意思是移动，A.Attack.攻击；B.Move.移动；C.End.结束；D.Struggle.努力，故选B

。4.B【解析】主旨大意题。第一段Avideothatrecentlywentviralinthewesternworldshowsthecutebirdsfollowingtheir“mother”onamountai

nhikeandlisteningtohiseverycommand.（最近在西方世界走红的一段视频显示，这些可爱的小鸟跟随它们的“妈妈”爬山，听从他的每一个命令。）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，这篇文章最好的题目是人

类把小鸭子当“孩子”养，故选B。5.山西省太原市第五中学2019届高三下学期阶段性考试FriendsalwaysaskwhyI,amiddle-agedwomanwithnoathletictalent,travelt

operilousplaces—thejunglesofThailandorBorneo,forexample,wherethewaterisoftenunsafeandthefoodrisky;placeswithinfectiousdiseases,poison

oussnakesandthewildestanimals;someplaceswherethelocalsarejustafewgenerationspastheadhunting.Ineverknowhowtoanswer.Mytraveldecisionsassumed

anewgravitynineyearsagoafterIsufferedastroke.Topreventanotherstroke,mydoctorstoldme,I’dhavetotakedangerouslyhighlevelsofbloodth

inner(血液稀释剂)fortherestofmylifeandanytravelwouldberisky.Ihadtothinkaboutwhatwasimportanttome:family,ofcourse,andfriends.Butthen

what?NomatterhowmanytimesIthoughtaboutit,nobucketlistwascompletewithouttravel.ThenIhadtodecidehowImi

ghtmanagetherisk.IhadtodecidehowluckyIfelt.Myreturntotravelaftermystrokecameinbabysteps.Thefirstrealtestofmytrav

elcouragecameninemonthsaftermystrokewhenIjoinedmyhusband,Jack,onabusinesstriptoChina.Afterwe’dtouredtheremainsofaTangdynastytemp

leonahighmountain,Jackwantedtoridedownonatoboggan(长雪橇).Beforethestrokeitwould’veseemedlikefun.Butnow?Ihesitate

d.Mymentalklaxon(高音喇叭)screamedwarningsabouttheconsequencesofacut,afall,andacrash.Then,gainingconfiden

cefromwhoknowswhere,Iloweredmyselfcarefullyintothetoboggan,whichmarkedmyadventuretravelcomeback.Intheyearssincet

hen,I’vetraveledabouttwenty-fivepercentofthetime.Throughitall,mylucksheldout—nodeadlyfalls,nocaraccidentsorser

iousinfections.Forme,adventuretravelisariskworthtaking.Travelbroadensmyworldandkeepsmeconnectedtonature.W

hat’smore,saying“yes”totravelkeepsmeconnectedtomyself.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perilous”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Unique.B.Dangerous.C.H

istorical.D.Famous.2.Whatdidthedoctorsadvisetheauthortodo?A.Doproperexercise.B.Enjoytherestofherlife.C.Keepawayfromtraveling.D.Spendmoretimewit

hherfamily.3.WhydidtheauthormentionhertraveltoChina?A.Itwasherlastadventure.B.Sherecoveredhercouragethroughit.C.Shelikedthebeau

tifulsceneryinChina.D.Itwasthemostdangerousexperienceinherlife.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AbusinesstriptoChinaB.Uniquetravelexpe

riencesC.WhyIstilltraveltothewildD.HowIovercamethefearofdisease【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是去中国的一次旅行。1.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段中thejunglesofThailandorBorneo,forexamp

le,wherethewaterisoftenunsafeandthefoodrisky;placeswithinfectiousdiseases,poisonoussnakesandthewildestanimals;someplaceswherethelocalsarejust

afewgenerationspastheadhunting.“例如，泰国或婆罗洲的丛林，那里的水往往不安全，食物也很危险;有传染病、毒蛇和野生动物的场所;有些地方的本地人刚刚过了猎头的时代。”可推知划线词的意思是“危险

的”。故选B。2.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中Topreventanotherstroke,mydoctorstoldme,I’dhavetotakedangerouslyhighlevelsofbloodthinner(血液稀释剂)fortherestofmylifean

danytravelwouldberisky.“我的医生告诉我，为了防止再次中风，我的余生都必须服用高剂量的危险血液稀释剂，任何旅行都是有风险的。”可知，医生建议作者远离旅行。故选C。3.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中Thefirstrealtestofm

ytravelcouragecameninemonthsaftermystrokewhenIjoinedmyhusband,Jack,onabusinesstriptoChina.“中风九个月后，我和丈夫杰克一起去中国出差，这是对我旅行勇气的第一次真正考验。”可知，作者之所以提到

她的中国之行是因为她通过这件事恢复了勇气。故选B。4.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Forme,adventuretravelisariskworthtaking.Travelbroadensmyworldandkeepsmec

onnectedtonature.What’smore,saying“yes”totravelkeepsmeconnectedtomyself.“对我来说，冒险旅行是值得冒险的。旅行开阔了我的世界，使我与大自然保持联系。更

重要的是，对旅行说“是”让我和自己保持联系。”可知，本文讲述的是去中国的一次旅行。故选C。6.河南省八市重点高中联盟“领军考试”2019届高三第五次测评ItwasrushhouronthemorningofJune1

intheWestTexascityofSanAngelo.HeatherSantellano,36,wasdrivingherwhite2012MazdaonHouston、HarteFrontageRoadwithhernine-year-olddau

ghterandten-year-oldsonintheback.Suddenly,aredpickuptruckcutthemoff.Santellanoturnedthewheelhardtotheright,sendingtheMazdaskiddingofftheroadanddo

wnanembankment(堤)thatendedinadrop-offafterabout50feet.Ifthecardidn'tstop,itwouldgoairborneandplungeontotheroadsome20feetbelow.Thenabitofluck:Asthecar

racedtowardtheedge,itsundercarriagegotstuckonthecementlipoftheembankmentledge,stoppingitcold.Theoccupants,however,werefarfromsafe.Thecarhadcometo

restontopofaretainingwall,literallyteetering(摇摇欲坠)ontheedgeofdisaster.Onesuddenmovebyanyoneinsidecouldsenditover

.JacobRodriguezwatchedthesceneunfoldfromthe'T'ruckRepairPlantwhereheworks.Thenheandfourothermenrantothecar.Theyl

eapedontothetrunktobalancetheweightastheterrifiedkidsinthebackseatwatched.Meanwhile,JulioVasquezandhisnephew,MarcoVasquez,weredri

vingtotheirjabsatnearbyPremierAutomotive.JuliojumpedoutofthecartohelpwhileMarcowenttotheshop,grabbedaheavy-dutystrap(皮带)，andreturnedto

theswingingcar.HefastenedtheMazdatoanP-350truckthathadbeendrivenoverbyoneoftheotherrescuers.Withthecarsecured,thegroupcarefullyope

nedthebackdoorsandhelpedthechildrenout.Buttheirdepartureshiftedthecar'sweight,causingittoleanforward.Themen,

stillon-thetrunk,askedSantellanotojumpintothebackseattorebalancetheweight.Shedidandtheninchedoutthebackdo

or.Finally,themencarefullygotoffthetrunk.Everyonewassafe.1.WhatdoweknowaboutHeatherSantellano?A.Shewasacarelessdr

iver.B.Shedrovehertwinstoschool.C.Sheranintoapickuptruck.D.Shemadeasharpturntoavoidthetruck.2.Whatdoestheauthorint

endtodoinparagraph2?A.Stressthecomingofgoodfortune.B.Describethecar'sdangeroussituation.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Explainwhypeopl

ecametotherescue.3.Whatisthemostcriticalintherescueprocess?A.Balance.B.Cooperation.C.Calmness.D.Gravity.4.Which

ofthefollowingstatementsisconsistentwiththethemeofthepassage?A.Persistencewillpayoff..B.Oneintrouble,alltohelp.、C.Manyhandsmakelightwork.D.Lov

emakestheworldgoround.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描写了HeatherSantellano驾车外出，遭遇皮卡抢道，致轿车于堤崖边，摇摇欲坠，危机四伏，周围及路过的陌生人慷慨施

救，最终脱险。1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段Santellanoturnedthewheelhardtotheright，sendingtheMazdaskiddingofftheroadanddownanembankment(堤)thatendedinadrop-o

ffafterabout50feet..可知，桑特拉诺把方向盘用力向右转，汽车在行驶50英尺后滑出公路，沿着一条堤岸滑下。所以说，她急转弯以避开卡车。故选D。2.B【解析】推理判断题。第二段讲到幸运的是，车子完全停住了。然而，后座的孩子们却并不安全，车子处于

堤边，摇摇欲坠。特别最后一句Onesuddenmovebyanyoneinsidecouldsenditover.更能判断出，此段描述一下这辆车的危险情况。故选B。3.A【解析】推理判断题。综合第三段Theyleapedontothetrunk

tobalancetheweight..他们跳上后备箱来平衡重量，和最后一段.Themen,stillon-thetrunk,askedSantellanotojumpintothebackseattorebalancetheweight.他们让

桑特拉诺跳到汽车后座上来平衡重量，以及中间的描写可判断，救援过程中最关键的是平衡。故选A。4.B【解析】推理判断题。文章描写了HeatherSantellano驾车外出，遭遇皮卡抢道，致轿车于堤崖边，摇摇欲坠，危机四伏，周围及路过的陌生人慷慨施救，最终脱险。故Oneintroubl

e,alltohelp一方有难，八方支援，符合文章主题。故选B。7.江西师范大学附属中学2019届高三三模Attheageof14,JamesHarrisonhadamajorchestoperationandherequired13units(3.4g

allons)ofbloodafterwards.Theblooddonationssavedhislife,andhedecidedthatonceheturned18,hewouldbegindonatingbloodasregularlyas

hecould.Morethan60yearsandalmost1,200donationslater,Harrison,whosebloodcontainsanantibody(抗体)thathassavedthelivesof2.4millio

nbabiesfrommiscarriages(流产),retiredasablooddonoronMay11.Harrison’sbloodisvaluablebecausehenaturallyproducesRh-neg

ativeblood,whichcontainsRh-positiveantibodies.Hisbloodhasbeenusedtocreateanti-DinAustraliasince1967.“Everybottleofanti-Deve

rmadeinAustraliahasJamesinit,”RobynBarlow,theRhprogramdirectortoldtheSydneyMorningHerald.“It’sanamazing

thing.Hehassavedmillionsofbabies.Icryjustthinkingaboutit.”Sincethen,Harrisonhasdonatedbetween500and8

00millilitersofbloodalmosteveryweek.He’smade1,162donationsfromhisrightarmand10fromhisleft.“I’dkeepgoingiftheyletme,”HarrisontoldtheHeral

d.Hisdoctorssaiditwastimetostopthedonations—andtheycertainlydon’ttakethemlightly.Theyhadalreadyextendedtheagelimi

tforblooddonationsforhim,andthey’recuttinghimoffnowtoprotecthishealth.Hemadehisfinaldonationsurroundedbysomeofthemothersandbabieswh

ohisbloodhelpedsave.Harrison’sretirementisablowtotheRhtreatmentprograminAustralia.Only160donorssupportt

heprogram,andfindingnewdonorshasproventobedifficult.ButHarrison’sretirementfromgivingblooddoesn’tmeanhe’scompletelyoutofthegame.Scientistsareco

llectingandcataloginghisDNAtocreatealibraryofantibodiesandwhitebloodcellsthatcouldbethefutureoftheanti-DprograminAustralia.1.W

hatdoweknowaboutJamesHarrison?A.Hesaved2.4millionpoorpeople.B.Heistoretireasablooddonor.C.Heisaverygratefulblooddonor.D.Hedonatesbloodnearlyev

eryday.2.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingParagraph4?A.TostateHarrison’sdecisiontocontinuedonatingblood.B.TodescribehowHarrison’sdonat

ionscometoanend.C.TointroducesomebabiessavedbyHarrison’sblood.D.TopraiseHarrisonforhiscooperationwiththedoctors.3.Whatcanweinferfromt

hepassageaboutHarrison?A.Afterhisretirement,theRhprogramwillfail.B.Newdonorsareeasytofindinashorttime.C.Hecontinuestocontributetoth

eRhprogram.D.HisDNAiskeptinalibraryforfuturestudy.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AUniqueManwithaRareBloodTypeB.The

BloodSavingMillionsofBabiesC.ASpecialBloodproducerD.TheManwiththeGoldenArm【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了一位澳大利亚男子在他14岁时

，因为他的病，急需要血液，别人帮他输血救了他的生命，他决定一旦年满18岁，就开始尽可能定期献血。他一直捐献自己极其罕见的血液来救别人，60多年里，献血将近1200次，救了240万婴儿的生命。25.C【解析

】推理判断题。由第一段“hedecidedthatonceheturned18,hewouldbegindonatingbloodasregularlyashecould.”以及第二段“Morethan60years

andalmost1,200donationslater,Harrison,whosebloodcontainsanantibody(抗体)thathassavedthelivesof2.4millionba

biesfrommiscarriages”可知，他决定一旦年满18岁，就开始尽可能定期献血。60多年内，他献血将近1200次。他的血液中含有一种抗体，这种抗体挽救了240万婴儿的生命。所以哈里森兑现了他14岁许下的诺言，60多年内，他献血将近120

0次。挽救了240万婴儿的生命。故通过关键词“begindonatingbloodasregularly，60years，1,200donations，save”可以判断出，哈里森是个非常感恩的献血者。

故C选项正确。26.B【解析】推理判断题。由第四段“Hisdoctorssaiditwastimetostopthedonations—andtheycertainlydon’ttakethemlightl

y.Theyhadalreadyextendedtheagelimitforblooddonationsforhim,andthey’recuttinghimoffnowtoprotecthishealth.Hemadehisfinaldonatio

nsurroundedbysomeofthemothersandbabieswhohisbloodhelpedsave”可知，他的医生说，是时候停止捐赠了，他们当然不会轻易接受。他们已经延长了他献血的年龄限制，现在为了保护他的健康，他要

停止献血。他做了最后一次捐赠，他的血液挽救了一些母亲和婴儿的生命。所以通过医生所说的话，可以判断出，第四段的目的是描述哈里森的献血是如何结束的。故B选项正确。27.C【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段“ButHarrison’sretirementfrom

givingblooddoesn’tmeanhe’scompletelyoutofthegame.ScientistsarecollectingandcataloginghisDNAtocreatealibraryofantibodiesandwhitebloodcellsthatcould

bethefutureoftheanti-DprograminAustralia.”可知，但是，哈里森从献血退休并不意味着他完全退出了，科学家们正在收集和编目他的DNA，以建立一个抗体和白血球库，这可能是澳大利亚抗-D计划的未

来。所以尽管哈里森已经退休，但他并不是完全退出，因为围绕着他血液的研究会一直进行下去，所以哈里森会继续为Rh项目做出贡献。故C选项正确。28.D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文叙述了一位澳大利亚男子在

他14岁时，因为他的病，急需血液，别人帮他输血救了他的生命，他决定一旦年满18岁，就开始尽可能定期献血。他一直捐献自己极其罕见的血液来救别人，60多年里，献血将近1200次，救了超过二百万婴儿的故事。所以短文主要在叙述一位有

极其珍贵的手臂的人，是这样的手臂输出的血液，救了这么多的人。故短文的最佳标题为“一位有极其珍贵的手臂的人”。故D选项正确。8.晋冀鲁豫中原名校2019年高三第三次联考DutchdesignerDaanRoosegaardehasspentmuchofhistim

eseekingartisticsolutions(解决方案)tosolveourenvironmentalproblems.Hispastprojectsinclude"Bioluminescent(生物发光)Trees"tolightstreets,a"Sm

og-FreeTower"tocleanBeijing'spollutedair.and"GatesofLight".whichusestheheadlampsofpassingcarstolightupthe60floodgatesoftheAfsluitdijk,a

majordamintheNetherlands.Now,heishopingtousehisskillstosolveapressingglobalproblem-spacejunk!Scientistsguesst

hatthereareover500，000bitsoflargerubbish.Todealwiththeproblem,Roosegaardeintendstoachievehisgoalbyeducat

ingthepublicabouttheneedofthesituationandcomingupwithpossiblesolutions.Theplan.calledtheSpaceWasteLab.startedinOctober2018withalaser(激光

)showintheNetherlands.TheuniqueoutdoorartworkofLEDsusedreal-timetrackinginformationtopointatpiecesofspacejunkfloatingataltitudesof200to

20,000kilometers.Theexperiencewasdesignedtomakethepublicknowmoreabouthowmuchspacejunkthereare.Tofindasolu

tion,thedesignerhasbeenthinkingwithexperts.Oneoftheprojectsbeingconsideredis"ShootingStars"，whichattemptstoreintroducethetrashto

theatmosphereinacontrolledway.Uponreentry.thewastewouldburnintheatmospherelikeashootingstar.Roosegaardeenvisages

thatifsuccessful.burningspacetrashcouldsomedayreplacefireworksatlargepublicevents!InSeptember2018。theRemoveDEBRISsatellitesuccessfullysenta

nettocatchatargetwhileorbitingatanaltitudeofabout300kilometers(190miles).Sometimethisyear.thecapsulewillsetfreeaharpoonthath

asbeendesignedtoremovespacetrash.Attheendofitstask，RemoveDEBRISwillletgoasailtobringthesatelliteitself.and.hopefullysometrash,backi

ntotheatmosphere.whereitwillburnup.1.WhatcanweinferaboutDaanRoosegaarde?A.Heistooaggressivetoputforwardgoodplans.B.Heiscreativeinsol

vingenvironmentalproblems.C.Heisfondofspendingallofhistimeseekingartskills.D.Heissensitivetoartreflectedinenvironmentalprojects.2.Whyw

asalasershowheldinOctober2018?A.Toconfirmreal-timeinformationaboutspacetrash.B.ToshowthegreatbeautyofLEDs

tocommonpeople.C.Toraisepublicawarenessoftheamountofspacetrash.D.Toinspirepeopletoconsiderthesolutiontospa

cetrash.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"envisage"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Suspect.B.Demand.C.Advise.D.I

magine.4.Whatisthefunctionofasail?A.Bringingthesatellitetoatmospheretoburn.B.Keepingtrashtravelingalongit

sownorbit.C.Takingthesatelliteawayfromatmosphere.D.Removingspacetrashoutofthecapsule.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述

了一位荷兰设计师试图通过艺术形式有创意地解决太空垃圾问题。1.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Hispastprojectsinclude‘Bioluminescent(生物发光)Trees'tolightstreets,a‘SmogFreeTower'to

cleanBeijingspollutedair,and‘GatesofLight’,whichusestheheadlampsofpassingcarstolightupthefloodgatesoftheAfsluitdijk,amajordaminth

eNetherlands”可知,他过去的项目包括点亮街道的生物发光树，净化北京污染空气的雾霾净化塔以及荷兰一座大坝的防洪闸，由此可知，丹·罗斯加德在解决环境问题上很有创造力，故B项正确。2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“TheuniqueoutdoorartworkofLETus

edreal-timetrackinginformationtopointatpiecesofspacejunkfloatingataltitudesof200to20,000kilometersTheexperiencewasdesignedtomakethepublick

nowmoreabouthowmuchspacejunkthereare”可知,举办这个激光秀的目的是提高公众对太空垃圾数量的认识，故C项正确。3.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“...ifsucce

ssful,burningspacetrashcouldsomedayreplacefireworksatlargepublicevents!”可知,丹·罗斯加德的设想,如果成功的话，焚烧太空垃圾有一天会取代大型活动中的烟火，由此可知画线词为“设想、想象”，故D项正确。4.

A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Attheendofitstask,RemoveDEBRISwillletgoasailtobringthesatelliteitself,and,hopefullysometrash,backintotheatmosphere,wh

ereitwillburnup.”可知,在帆的作用是在任务结束时将卫星带入到大气层中自动焚毁，故A项正确。III.说明文1.河南省实验中学2019届高考全真模拟最后一卷Solarenergysystems&

powerplantsdonotproduceairpollution,waterpollution,orgreenhousegases.Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive,indirecteffectontheenvironment,whensol

arenergyreplacesorreducestheuseofotherenergysourcesthathavelargereffectsontheenvironment.However,somepoisono

usmaterialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光电池的)cellsthatconvertsunlightintoelectricity.Somesolarthermal(保

热的)systemsusepotentiallyhazardousliquidstotransferheat.Leaksofthesematerialscouldbeharmfultotheenvironment.U.S.

environmentallawsregulatetheuseandsettlementofthesetypesofmaterials.Aswithanytypeofpowerplant,largesolarpowerplantscanaffecttheenvironmentnearthei

rlocations.Theplacementofthepowerplantmayhavelong-termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.Somesolarpowerplantsmayrequirewaterforcleanin

gsolarcollectorsandconcentratorsorforcoolingturbinegenerators.Usinglargevolumesofgroundwaterorsurfacewat

erinsomedrylocationsmayaffecttheecosystemsthatdependonthesewaterresources.Inaddition,thebeamofconcentratedsunlighta

solarpowertowercreatescankillbirdsandinsectsthatflyintothebeam.Theamountofsolarenergythattheearthreceives

eachdayismanytimesgreaterthanthetotalamountofallenergythatpeopleconsumeeachday.However,onthesurfaceoftheearth,solarenergyi

savariableandirregularenergysource.Theamountofsunlightandtheintensityofsunlightvariesbytimeofdayandlocation.Weatherandclimateconditions

affecttheavailabilityofsunlightdailyandonaseasonalbasis.Thetypeandsizeofasolarenergycollectionandconversionsystemdetermineshowmuchoftheavailab

lesolarenergywecanconvertintousefulenergy.1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"hazardous"underlinedinparagraph2?A.

inexpensiveB.dangerousC.ineffectiveD.abnormal2.Whatinfluencecanlargesolarpowerplantshaveonthelocations?A.Pollutingthegroundwater.B

.Protectingthehabitatsofplantsandanimals.C.Damagingthelocalnaturalbalance.D.Attractingbirdsandinsectstothearea.3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphma

inlytellus?A.Differentareasreceivedifferentamountofsolarenergy.B.Howtoconvertsolarenergyintousefulenergy.C.Therelationshipbetweenso

larenergycollectionandthesunlight.D.Somefactorsthatinfluencetheamountofsolarenergycollection.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太阳能发电的潜在弊端以及影响太阳能收集量的几个因素。1.B【解析】词

义猜测题。根据画线词前的“However,somepoisonousmaterialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光电池的)cellsthatconvertsunlightintoelectricity.”

可知，然而，一些有毒的材料和化学物质被用来制造将阳光转化为电能的光伏电池，一些太阳能保温系统使用潜在危险的液体来传递热量，由此可知画线词词义为“危险的”，故B项正确。2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theplacemen

tofthepowerplantmayhavelong-termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.”可知，大型太阳能发电厂的选址可能会对当地动植物的栖息地产生长期的影响，也就是会破坏当

地自然平衡，故C项正确。3.D【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“However,onthesurfaceoftheearth,solarenergyisavariableandirregularenergysource.Theamountofsunlightandthe

intensityofsunlightvariesbytimeofdayandlocation.Weatherandclimateconditionsaffecttheavailabilityofsunlightdailyando

naseasonalbasis.”可知，在地球表面，太阳能是一种可变的和不规则的能源，阳光的数量和强度随着一天的时间和地点而变化，天气和气候条件影响每日和季节性的阳光供应，由此可知，本段主要介绍的是影响太阳能收集量的几个因素，故D项正确

。2.山东省潍坊市2019届高三上学期期中考试Digitalgroundingiswhenparentsorcaregiverslimitorcompletelytakeawayaccesstotechnologyfrom

children.AccordingtoastudyconductedbyPewResearch，65％ofparentshavedigitallygroundedtheirteenbytakingawaytheirteen’scellphoneorinternetaccessasp

unishment.Becausechildrenaresoconnectedwiththeirtechnologies,digitalgroundingmayseemlikealogicalstepforparents.Takeawayachi

ld’smostcherisheditemandtheywillquicklylearnfromtheirbehavior.Buttheideaofdigitalgroundingisn’tasclear—cutasthat.Ins

tead,itmaybealose-losesituationforparentsandkids,alike.Formostparents,thegoalofgroundingisn’ttomaketh

eirchildrenunhappyorsad.Itistoteachalessoninthehopethattheywon’tengageinwhateverbehaviorgotthemintroubleinthefirstplace.Unfortunately,though,

digitalgroundingisoftenjustpunishment,notdiscipline.Ifachildstaysoutpastcurfew(约定的最晚回家时间),apunishmentwouldbehittingoryellingatthem.Disci

plinewouldbenotlettingthemgooutthenextweekendbecausetheyfailedtofollowrules.We’veallbeenthere—we’vecaughtourchildd

oingsomethingwrongandintheheatofthemomentlaidoutastrictpunishment.Wemayhavebeenfeelinghot—headed,embarrassed,orupset.Often,though,the

sepunishmentsdon’talignwiththebadbehavior.Whiledigitalgroundingmaysolvetheproblemtemporarily,itwon’tprovidech

ildrenwiththeguidancetheyneedtoactappropriatelyinthefuture.Insteadofgrounding,showyourchildwhattheydidwrongandgivethemthechancetoactdi

fferently.Thisway,theywilllearnfromtheirmistakesinapracticalmannerandfigureoutwaystobesafeandsmartwithtechnolog

y.There’snodenyingit：technologyishereforthelong-haul.Thisiswhysomeparentingexpertsdon’trecommenddigitallygroundingyourchildren.Itdoesn

’tfocusontheendgoalofsafebehavior.Theyrecommendteachingthemgoodhabitsassoonaspossible,ratherthantakingawayth

eirtechnology.Bydigitallygroundingthem,youareputtingabandageoverthewound,ratherthantreatingit.Now,whenwesaythatdigitalgroundingisa

lose-losesituation,we’renotsayingthatdiscipliningyourchildreningeneralisalose—losesituation.Disciplineisagreatwaytoteachchildrenlessons,whenusedappr

opriately.1.Whichofthefollowingisaformofdiscipline?A.Hittingoryellingatchildren.B.Layingoutastrictpunishmentintheheato

fthemoment.C.Takingawayaccesstocellphonesfromchildrencompletely.D.Forbiddingkidstogooutthenextweekendiftheystayoutpastcurf

ew.2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofdigitalgrounding?A.Itbenefitschildrengreatly.B.Itisnobetterthandisciplining.C.Parentscanuseittocorr

ectkids’behavior.D.Neitherparentsnorchildrengainbenefitsfromit.3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdoinste

adofgrounding?A.Givekidsmorefreetime.B.Actappropriatelyinpublic.C.Helpkidsformgoodhabits.D.Putabandageoverthewound.4.What’sthepurposeof

thetext?A.Toinformusofwaysofpunishingkids.B.Toexplainwhatdigitalgroundingmeans.C.Toshowhowtoparentchildrenindigitaltimes.

D.Toprovedigitalgroundingisnotagoodparentingway.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。介绍了“数码囚禁”并不是教养孩子的好方法。1.D【解析】细节理解题。由第三段“achildstaysoutpast

curfew(约定的最晚回家时间),apunishmentwouldbehittingoryellingatthem.Disciplinewouldbenotlettingthemgooutthenextweekendbecausetheyfailedtof

ollowrules.”可知，一个孩子超过约定的最晚回家时间，惩罚就是打他们或对他们大喊大叫。纪律不会让他们下周末出去，因为他们没有遵守规则。故D选项正确。2.D【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“Instead,itmaybealose-l

osesituationforparentsandkids,alike.”可知，相反，这对父母和孩子来说可能是一种两败俱伤的局面。故D选项正确。3.C【解析】推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Theyrecommendteach

ingthemgoodhabitsassoonaspossible，ratherthantakingawaytheirtechnology”可知，他们建议尽快教他们好习惯，而不是拿走他们的科技。故C选项正确。4.D【解析】推理判断题。由第二段“Instead,itma

ybealose-losesituationforparentsandkids,alike.”第三段“Formostparents,thegoalofgroundingisn’ttomaketheirchildrenunhappyorsad.第五段“wh

iledigitalgroundingmaysolvetheproblemtemporarilyitwon’tprovidechildrenwiththeguidancetheyneedtoactappropriatelyinthefuture.”第六段“Thisi

swhysomeparentingexpertsdon’trecommenddigitallygroundingyourchildren”可知，“数码囚禁”并不是教养孩子的好方法。故D选项正确。3.江西省名校（临

川一中、南昌二中)2019届高三联合考试Haveyoueverspentanafternooninthebackyard,maybegrillingorenjoyingabasketballgame,whensuddenlyyounoticethateverythin

ggoesquiet?Thereisanoldphrase“calmbeforethestorm”,oftenusedinasituation---aquietperiodjustbeforeagreatactivityorexcitement.Accordingtoourownexperienc

e,weknowthereisactuallycalmbeforethestorm.Butwhatcausesthiscalm?Andisitalwayscalmbeforethestorm?Aperiodofcalmhappensinaparticularkindofs

torm,thesimplestkindofstorm---asingle-cellthunderstorm.Inthistypeofthunderstorm,thereisusuallyonlyonemainstreamofcurre

nt,whichiswarm,dampairanddrawnfromplacesneartheground.Stormsneedwarmanddampairasfuel,sotheytypicallydrawtha

tairinfromsurroundingenvironment.Stormscandrawintheairthatfittheirneedfromalldirections—evenfromthedire

ctioninwhichthestormistraveling.Asthewarm,dampairispulledintoastormsystem,itleavesalow-pressurevacuum(真空)comingafter.Therisingairmeetsthecolddryairth

athasalreadyexistedinthestormclouds,thusthetemperatureofthewarm,dampairdrops,andthewatervaporinitchanges

intotinydropsthatareapreconditionofrain.Thesedropsaccumulateandbuildonlargerparticles(颗粒)likedust,untiltheyg

rowlargeenoughtoformraindrops.Thiswarm,dampairkeepsmovingupwards,butitbecomescooleranddrierduringitstripthroughcloud.Whenitreachesthetopofthecloud,

theairissqueezedoutatthetop.Thisairissentrollingoutoverthebigthunderclouds.Fromthere,theairgoesdown.Warmanddryairisrelativelystable,an

donceitcoversaregion,thatair,inturn,causesthecalmbeforeastorm.Mostthunderstorms,though,don'tstartwithcalm.That'sbecausemostareactuallygrou

psofstormswithcomplexwindpatterns.There'ssomuchairmovingupanddownstormgroupsthatthecalmbeforethestormneverhappens.Instead,beforethestorm

,itmightbereallywindy!1.Whichbestfitsthedescriptionofaparticularkindofstorm?A.Athunderstormwithasinglesh

ape.B.Athunderstormwithoutstrongwinds.C.Astormwithairdrawnfromeverydirection.D.Astormfueledbymovingairfromtheground.2.Whatdoestheu

nderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A.Warmandwetair.B.Warmanddryair.C.Coldandwetair.D.Coldanddryair.3.Which

doesthewritermostlikelyagreeto?A.Presenceofthecalmreliesonstableair.B.Allthunderstormsdon’tstartwiththecalm.C.Thedriertheairis,thebiggerthesto

rmwillbe.D.Stormhappenswithoutairmovingupanddown.4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Abriefintroductionofapeacefulstorm.B.Apersonalexperience

ofaheavystorm.C.Anexplanationofthecalmbeforeastorm.D.Ananalysisofcausesandeffectsofastorm.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，解

释了暴风雨来临前的平静的原因，并指出并非所有的暴风雨都始于平静。1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Inthistypeofthunderstorm,thereisusuallyonlyonemainstreamofcurrent,wh

ichiswarm,dampairanddrawnfromplacesneartheground.”可知，在这种类型的雷暴中，通常只有一股主要气流，那就是来自地面附近温暖潮湿的空气，由此可知，特殊的雷暴是指由地面移动的空气推动的风暴，故D项正确。2.A词义猜测题。根据

画线词前的“Therisingairmeetsthecolddryairthathasalreadyexistedinthestormclouds,thusthetemperatureofthewarm,dampairdrops”可知，上升的空气与

干冷空气相遇，因此温暖潮湿的空气的温度下降，其中的水蒸气变成微小的水滴，这是下雨的先决条件，由此可知画线词指的是前面提到的温暖潮湿的空气，故A项正确。3.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Mostthunderstorms,though,don'tstartwithcalm.”可知，然而

，大多数雷暴并非始于平静，由此可知，并非所有的暴风雨都始于平静，故B项正确。4.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Butwhatcausesthiscalm?Andisitalwayscalmbeforethestorm?”可知，本文主要解释了暴风雨来临前的平静的原因，故C项正确。【点睛】解

答代词指代类的词义猜测题的关键在于对画线词前的内容的理解，特别要注意出现的名词，例如本篇第2题，根据画线词前的“Therisingairmeetsthecolddryairthathasalreadyexistedinthestormclouds,thusthetemperatureof

thewarm,dampairdrops”可知，上升的空气与干冷空气相遇，因此温暖潮湿的空气的温度下降，温暖潮湿的空气中的水蒸气变成微小的水滴，这是下雨的先决条件，由此可知画线词指的是前面提到的“thewarm,dampair”，即温暖潮湿的空气。4.江西省名校（临川一中、南

昌二中)2019届高三联考Astheinternationaldemandfornarrative(叙事的)film/TVcontentcontinuestoincreasewithpopularstream

ingserviceslikeNetflixandothersthetwoquestionsthencome:willthecominggenerationsreceivemostoftheirentertainmentthroughvisualm

eansratherthanthroughthewrittenwordandwillsuchanincreaseofnarrativefilm/TVreducetheimportanceofreading

?Growingexamplesofthistrendincludethediminishment(减少)offictioninthecommoncore(核心的)curriculum,theever－risin

gcultureofcomputergames,thewaveofstreamingservicesofwideinternationalreach,andmoviesfilledwithspecialeffectsmadeforchild

renandteenagers.Normustweignoretheeconomicdangersthatlieaheadforthewrittenword.Thenarrativefilmindus

tryisamoneymakerthatdwarfs(使相形见绌)thepublishingindustry.Theotherunderlyingquestion,ofcourse,is“doesitreallymatterifthewrittenwordbowstotheworldoffilm

/TV?”Frommypointofview,anydiminishmentoffictiondeliveredbywordsisalossformankind.Thereisnogreaterhumanfeatureth

antheimagination.Itliesattheverysoulofthehumanspecies.Itisthebrain’smostpowerfulengine.Itistheessentialmuscleoflifeandlikeallmuscles

itmustbeexercisedandstrengthened.Writingandreadingaretheprincipaltoolsthatinspire,createandempowerourimagination.Anythingthatdim

inishesthatpoweristheenemyofmankind.ItshouldbeknownthatIamnotopposedtonewmediaandtechnologicaladvances.Instead,Ihave

alwaysfeltitnecessarytoadapttoadvancingtechnology.Infact,anumberofmynovelsareinvariousstagesofdevelopmentforfilm,TV,andlivestageproductions.Myh

opeisthatthewrittenwordwillonlystandtobecomplemented(补充)byitsvisualcounterparts(对应物),notpushedtotheedgeofextinction.Ofcourse

,therearethosewhowillpresentargumentsforthesuperiorityofthemovingimageoverthewrittenword.Eachhasitsplace.Myargumentisforfindingtherightbalancebe

tweenitandthemovingimage.1.Inwhatwaydoesnarrativefilm/TVembarrassthewrittenword?A.EconomicbenefitsB.InternationalreachC.CulturalinfluenceD.Ed

ucationalimportance2.Whydoestheauthorvaluetheroleofthewrittenword?A.Itstrengthensourmuscles.B.Ithelpssharpenimagination.C.Itdistinguishesmanfrom

eachother.D.Itpavesthewayfornarrativefilm/TV.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstechnology?A.CautiousB.Skeptical

C.PositiveD.Critical4.What’stheauthorconcernedabout?A.Thefateofreading.B.Theextinctionoffiction.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了叙事电影

行业的发展让文字变得相形见绌，作者认为文字是激发和增强我们想象力的重要工具，同时表达了对阅读的命运的担心。1.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thenarrativefilmindustryisamoneymakerthatdwarfs

(使相形见绌)thepublishingindustry.”可知，叙事电影行业是一个令出版行业相形见绌的赚钱行业，由此可知，叙事电影行业在经济利益方面使文字变得尴尬，故A项正确。2.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Writingandre

adingaretheprincipaltoolsthatinspire,createandempowerourimagination.”可知，写作和阅读是激发、创造和增强我们想象力的主要工具，由此可知，作者重视文字的作用是因

为它能提高我们的想象力，故B项正确。3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Ihavealwaysfeltitnecessarytoadapttoadvancingtechnology.”可知，作者觉得有必要适应先进的技术，由此可

知，作者对技术持积极的态度，故C项正确。4.A【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Myhopeisthatthewrittenwordwillonlystandtobecomplemented(补充

)byitsvisualcounterparts(对应物),notpushedtotheedgeofextinction.”可知，作者希望书面文字会得到视觉文字的补充，而不是被推到灭绝的边缘，由此可知，作者担心的是阅读的命运，故A项正确。5.湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2

019届高三模拟SallyDawlyisawomanfromAuburn,California.Overthelastthreeandahalfyears,theanti-litteringwomanhasspentmostofherfreetimepickingupcig

arettebutts(烟头)fromthestreetsofherhomecity.Calledthe“ButtLady”byherlocalcommunity,Dawlybeganhermissiontor

idthestreetsofhercityofcigarettebuttsinOctober,2014.Thewomanlookedforcigarettebutts,pickedthemupandthrewtheminthetrash.Tokeepacoun

tofhowmanybuttsshepicksup,theButtLadyhasbeenusingatablet,andearlierthismonth,shehitahistoricmilestone—onem

illioncigarettebutts.“Igottiredofgoingonmywalksandseeingcigarettebuttseverywhere,”SallyDawlysaid.“I’mjustshockedthatIhadtopickup

somany.I’veeverpickedup3,000buttsinoneday,”shesaid.“Don’tthrowawayyourbutts;betteryet,stopsmoking.”Withsomanycigarettebuttslitteringthestreets,c

anoneperson’seffortsreallymakeadifference?Surprisingly,theanswerseemstobeyes.SoonaftertheButtLadyofAuburnstartedhermissionandwordofhereffortss

pread,cigarettecansstartedappearingaroundbarsandrestaurantsinthecity.Membersofthelocalcommunityevencameouttocheerheron

assheapproachedherone-million-buttmilestone.Sallyknowshercity’scigarettebuttlitteringproblemwon’tbes

olvedanytimesoon,butshehopesherworkwillinspirepeopletoatleastthinktwicebeforedroppingcigarettebuttsinthestreets.Shehasdecidedtocontinuec

leaningupafterirresponsiblesmokers,andalreadyhasanewmilestoneinhersights—twomillioncigarettebutts.WordoftheButtLady’s

effortstokeepthestreetscigarettebutt-freehasreachedneighboringcommunitiesaswell,andCBSSacramentoreportsth

atothercitieshavestartedseekingherhelpaswell.1.WhydoesSallyDawlycarryaniPadwithherwhilepickingupthebutts?A.Toentertainthecrowds.B.Tomonitorth

esmokers.C.Toattractpeople’sattention.D.Torecordthenumberofbutts.2.HowdidSallyDawlyfeelwhenpickingupcigarettebut

ts?A.Excitedbutupset.B.ShockedandsorryC.Frightenedbutcontent.D.Astonishedanddesperate.3.Fromthetext.whatcanbeinferredaboutSallyDa

wly?A.Shepicksupnearly3,000cigarettebuttseveryday.B.ShewillworkinothercitiesinCaliforniainthefuture.C.Shehassetanewgo

alofpickinguptwomillioncigarettebutts.D.Shepickeduponemillioncigarettebuttswithmembersofhercommunity.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.California’s“ButtLa

dy”.B.Fightingagainstsmoking.C.Californianshealthproblems.D.SmokingproblemsinCalifornia.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。众所周知，吸烟有害健康，有时候让人

更加烦恼的是随处可见的烟头。在美国加利福尼亚有这样一位“烟头女士（她利用业余时间捡拾烟头，并在最近捡到了第100万个烟头！1.D【解析】事实细节题。由第二段中Tokeepacountofhowmanybuttsshepicksup,theButtLadyhasbeenusingat

ablet（平板电脑）一句可知为了记录自己捡到的烟头数量，theButtLady带了平板电脑。故选D。2.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知Sally很厌烦看到这么多烟头，她对捡起来这么多数量的烟头感到震惊，并且劝告大家最好不要吸烟。因此她的感受应该是“震惊和难过的”。故B项最恰当。3

.C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段andalreadyhasanewmilestoneinhersights—twomillioncigarettebutts可知C项正确。根据第三段…I’veeverpi

ckedup3,000buttsinoneday…可知A项错误；根据最后一段可知Sally的行动影响了邻近的城市，但并不是她要去邻近的城市工作，故B项错误；根据倒数第三段Membersoftheloca

lcommunityevencameouttocheer可知D项错误。故选C。4.A【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲了来自加利福尼亚州的一位女士在业余时间捡起了一百万个烟头，并且获得了“烟头女士”的称号的故事，故A项最恰当。6.东北三省四市2019届高三二模联考英语试题You

can’tseeyoursleepingpetsbrainwaves,butitsbehaviorcantellyouwhenyourcatmightbedreaming.Ifyouwatchclos

ely,you’llseethatasshefallsasleep,herbreathingbecomesslowandregularwithherbodystill.Shehasenteredthefirsts

tageofsleep,calledslow-wavesleep.Afterabout15minutesyou’llnoticeachangeinherbreathing.Hereyesmoveunderherclosedlids,herpawstwitch(抽动

)andsheflicks(尤指用手指或手快速地轻抚)anear.Shehasentereddreaming.Althoughshetwitchesandmakeslittlegrunting(嘟嘟)noise

s,messagesfromherbraintothelargemusclesinherlegsareblocked,soshecan’trunabout.Sheisinastateof“sleepparalysis(麻痹)”.

MichelJouvet,aFrenchscientist,interruptedtheirsleepparalysis.Eventhoughtheywerecompletelyasleep,thedreamingcatsbegantoru

nforballsthatJouvetcouldn’tseeandarched(弓起)theirbacksatunseenenemies.Hefigureshewaswatchingthemactouttheirdreams!Obviously,thedreamingcatsseem

edtobepractisingimportantcatskills:following,pouncing(猛扑),andfighting.Inanotherstudy,MattWilsonrecordedratsbrainwav

eswhiletheylearnedmazes(迷宫).Oneday,heleftthebrain-wave-recordingmachineonwhiletheratsfellasleep.Thepatternofbrainwavesinthesleepingratsmatche

dthepatternfromthemazesocloselythatWilsoncouldfigureoutexactlywhichpartofthemazeeachratwasdreamingabout!Manyresearch

ersnowthinkthatinbothpeopleandanimals,onepurposeofdreamsistopractiseimportantskillsandfigureoutrecentcaning.Thismayexplainwhysomanypeopledreamabout

fightingandescaping,skillsthatwereprobablyimportanttoourancestors,andwhydreamingaffectsourabilitytolearn.Doallanimalsdream?Fromlookingatthebrainwav

esofsleepinganimals.Howoftenanimalsdreamseemstobetiedtobodysize.Catsdreamaboutevery15minutes,miceevery9minutes,andelephantsevery2

hours.Andthoughcowsandhorsesusuallysleepstandingup,theyonlydreamwhenlyingdown.1.WhatdoesMichelJouvetfindinh

isstudy?A.Thedreamingcatsareinastateofbodyparalysis.B.Thedreamingcatsoftenpractisetheirimportantskills.C.T

heeyesofdreamingcatsmovedwhilebodiesarestill.D.Themusclesofthedreamingcatsareblockedtomove.2.Whatcanyouknowaboutdream

ingfromthepassage?A.Dreamingalotcanhelphumanslearnmore.B.Learningmazesisthebasicskillforcatstolearn.C.Ratsoftendreamsto

makecertaintheirrecentlearningD.Fightingandescapingarenotimportantskillsforancestors.3.Whichanimalmaydreammostfrequen

tly?A.Rats.B.Dogs.C.Cows.D.Elephants4.Howdoestheauthordevelophispassage?A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.ByusingfiguresC.BytellingstoriesD.Byshowingfacts【语

篇解读】这是一篇说明文。研究表明对人和动物来说，做梦的一个目的是练习重要的技能,弄清楚最近所学的东西。1.B【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“Obviously,thedreamingcatsseemedtobepractisingimportant

catskills:following,pouncing(猛扑),andfighting.”可知，显然，做梦的猫似乎在练习重要的猫技能:跟随、猛扑，还有打架。所以MichelJouvet在他的研究中发现,做梦的猫经常会练习它们所学的重要技能。

故B选项正确。2.C【解析】推理判断题。由第四段“Manyresearchersnowthinkthatinbothpeopleandanimals,onepurposeofdreamsistopra

ctiseimportantskillsandfigureoutrecentlearning”许多研究人员现在认为，对人和动物来说，做梦的一个目的是练习重要的技能，弄清楚最近所学的东西。老鼠是动物的一种，所以判断出，老鼠经常做梦目的是清楚它们最近所学的东西。故C选项正确。3.A【

解析】细节理解题。由第五段“Catsdreamaboutevery15minutes,miceevery9minutes,andelephantsevery2hours”可知，猫每15分钟做梦一次，老鼠每9

分钟做梦一次，大象每2小时做梦一次。通过对动物做梦频率的对比，可以看出老鼠做梦最频繁。故A选项正确。4.D【解析】推理判断题。由第二段“MichelJouvet,aFrenchscientist,interruptedtheirsleepparalysis.Eventhoughth

eywerecompletelyasleep,thedreamingcatsbegantorunforballsthatJouvetcouldn’tseeandarched(弓起)theirbacksatunseenenemies.

Hefigureshewaswatchingthemactouttheirdreams!Obviously,thedreamingcatsseemedtobepractisingimportantcatski

lls:following,pouncing(猛扑),andfighting.”第三段“Inanotherstudy,MattWilsonrecordedratsbrainwaveswhiletheylearnedmazes

(迷宫).Oneday,heleftthebrain-wave-recordingmachineonwhiletheratsfellasleep.Thepatternofbrainwavesinthesleepingratsmatchedthepatternfrom

themazesocloselythatWilsoncouldfigureoutexactlywhichpartofthemazeeachratwasdreamingabout!以及最后段“.Catsdre

amaboutevery15minutes,miceevery9minutes,andelephantsevery2hours.”可知，法国科学家米歇尔·茹维特打断了他们的睡眠瘫痪。即使它们完全睡着了

，做梦的猫也开始跑向朱维特所看不见的球，并拱起他们的背对着看不见的敌人。他想他是在看它们表演他们的梦！显然，做梦的猫似乎在练习重要的猫技能:跟随、扑向，还有打架。在另一项研究中，马特·威尔逊记录了老鼠学习迷宫时的脑电波。一天，当老鼠睡

着的时候，他把脑波记录仪开着。睡眠中老鼠的脑电波模式与迷宫中的模式非常接近，以至于威尔逊能够准确地找出每只老鼠梦到了迷宫的哪个部分。猫每15分钟做梦一次，老鼠每9分钟做梦一次，大象每2小时做梦一次！。

所以每个研究所得出的结论，以及对问题的回答都是基于事实。故判断出作者通过展示事实来展开短文的。故D选项正确。7.湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三下学期模拟Ateamofinternationalscientistsisduetosetofffortheworld’sbiggesticeber

ginamissionaimingtoanswerfundamentalquestionsabouttheimpactofclimatechangeinthepolarregions.Thescientists,ledbyheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS),are

tryingtoreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.Lastyear,partoftheLarsenCiceshelfcalved(崩解)

away,formingahugeiceberg-A68--whichisfourtimesbiggerthanLondon,andrevealinglifebeneathforthefirsttime.Nowscien

tistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.MarinebiologistDrKatrinLinsefromth

eBASisleadingthemission.“ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelifeasitrespondstoahugeenvironmentch

ange,”shesaid.“Itisimportantthatwegettherequicklybeforetheunderseaenvironmentchangesassunlightentersthewater.”ProfessorDavid

Vaughan,sciencedirectorattheBAs,said,“Weneedtobebold(大胆的)onthisone.LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthere’slotsofseaiceinthearea,butthisi

simportantscience,sowewilltryourbesttogettheteamwheretheyneedtobe.HesaidclimatechangehadalreadyaffectedtheseaaroundAntarcticaandiswarming

somecoastalwaters.“Futurewarmingmaymakesomehabitatswarm.Wherethesehabitatssupportuniquespeciesthatareadaptedtolovethecoldandnotthewarm,

thosespeciesaregoingtoeithermoveordie.”ThereisgrowingconcernaboutthepossibleimpactofclimatechangeintheAntarctic.Earlierthismonth,areportrevealed

thatmeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaarespeedingupthealreadyfastpaceofthesealevelrise.Theresearch,publishedb

ytheNationalAcademiesofScience,EngineeringandMedicine,said,“Atthecurrentrate,theworld’soceanwillbe,onaverage,

atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.”However,itfoundthattheprocessisaccelerating,andmorethanthreequ

artersoftheaccelerationsince1993isduetomeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarctica,thestudyshows.1.Whyareth

escientistseagertogototheiceberg?A.Tostudyhowtheicebergwasformed.B.Tostudyanewlydiscoveredecosystem.C.Toexplorea

newwaytopreventclimatechange.D.ToexplorethegeographyoftheLarsenCiceshelf.2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisone”inthe

fourthparagraphreferto?A.TheLarsenCiceshelf.B.ClimatechangeinAntarctica.C.TheA68icebergwiththeecosys

tembeneathit.D.TheconditionofanimalspeciesinAntarctica.3.WhatcanwelearnabouttheA68icebergfromthetext?A.ItisasbigasLondon.B.Iti

spartofaniceshelfintheArctic.C.Itwilldisappearinaveryshorttime.D.IthasuncoveredanunknownecosysteminAntarctic

a.4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.ThereisnoneedtoworryaboutclimatechangeinAntarctica.B.TheicesheetsinGree

nlandandAntarcticaaremeltingatasteadyrate.C.Manycreatureslivingindeepwaterwilldieoutduetoclimatechange.D.By2100,thesealeve

lwillhaverisentoamuchhigherlevelthannow.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68iceberg。冰山下面显现的新的海洋生态系统为科学家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的机会。1.B【解析】细节理解

题。由第二段Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.可知，科学家着急赶去世界最大的冰山是为了在其受到光照影响之前研究这座冰山下面

的海洋生态系统。故选B。2.C词义猜测题。由第三段ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelife...可知A68冰山的形成为科学家提供了研究海洋生物的独一无二的机会，所以ProfessorDavidVaughan认为

科学家要果敢地抓住这次机会，故thisone指的是A68冰山和它下面的生态系统。故选C。3.D【解析】细节理解题。由第二段…whichisfourtimesbiggerthanLondon…可知A选项错误。

由第四段LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthere’slotsofseaiceinthearea…可知拉森C冰架位于南极地区，B选项错误。由第一段toreachanewlyrevealedecosystemtha

thadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.可知D选项正确。C选项在文中没有提到。4.D【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段…Atthecurrentrate,theworld’

soceanswillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.可推测D选项正确。IV.议论文1.湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三一模英语试题Laughterispartoftheuniversalhumanvocabular

y.Allmembersofthehumanspeciesunderstandit.UnlikeEnglishorFrenchorSwahili,wedon’thavetolearntospeakit.Werebornwiththecapacityt

olaugh.Verylittleisknownaboutthespecificbrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughter.Contrarytofolkwisdom,mostlaughterisnotabouthumor;itis

aboutrelationships.Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh,Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed.Overa10-yea

rperiod,westudiedover2,000casesofnaturallyoccurringlaughter.Wefoundthatmostlaughterdoesnotnecessarilyfollowjokes.Peoplemaylaughafteravarie

tyofstatements,suchas,“HerecomesMary,”“Howdidyoudoonthetest?”or“Doyouhavearubberband?”Thesecertainlyaren’tjokes.Webelievelaughterevolvedfromthe

panting(喘气的)behaviorofourancientancestors.Today,ifwetickle(使发痒)chimps,theydon’tlaugh.But,instead,theyproduceapanting

sound.That’sthesoundofapelaughter,andit’stherootofhumanlaughter.Apeslaughinthekindsofsituationsthatle

adtohumanlaughter,likegamesthatinvolvechasing.Otheranimalsproducesoundsduringplay,buttheyaresodifferentfromlaughter.Rats,forexample,producehi

ghsoundsduringplayandwhentickled,buttheseareverydifferentinsoundfromhumanlaughter.Laughterisoftenpositive,butitcanbenegativetoo

.There’sadifferencebetween“laughingwith”and“laughingat”.Peoplewholaughatothersmaybetryingtodrivethemoutofthegroup.Noonehasactuallycounte

dhowmuchpeopleofdifferentageslaugh,butyoungchildrenprobablylaughthemost.Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthan

children,probablybecausetheyplayless.Worknowunderwaywilltellusmoreaboutthebrainmechanismsbehindlaughter,howithasevolved,andw

hywe’resosusceptibletotickling.1.Whatwasthepurposeofthedecade’sresearch?A.Toprovethatpeoplelaughbecause

ofhumour.B.Tofindouttherealreasonforpeopleslaughter.C.Toresearchpeoplesdifferentreactiononjokes.D.Torecordconversat

ionsamongshoppersinmalls.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Peoplewhoplaymoretendtolaughmore.B.Apesproducehighso

undswhentickled.C.Scientistsknowthebrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughterwell.D.Thesituationsinwhichapeslaughareverydifferentfromthoseinwhichhuman

slaugh.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“susceptible”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Sensitive.B.Flexible.C.Addictive.D.Reliable.4.Whichofthef

ollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheImpactofLaughterB.TheMeaningofLaughterC.ABigMystery:WhyDoWeLaugh?D.Lau

ghter:TheMostBeautifulWords【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。笑容是世上最通用的语言，笑容是世上最温暖的语言。本文探讨了人类为什么笑这个话题。1.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的Tofindoutwhenand

whypeoplelaugh可知本文写作目的是弄清楚人类什么时候以及为什么会笑。故B项正确。2.A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的Atages5and6weprobablylaughmoretha

natanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren,probablybecausetheyplayless.可知，玩得多的人笑得多。A项正确。3.A词义猜测题。联系上下文可知susceptible（易受……影响

的）与sensitive的意思最为接近。故选A。4.C【解析】主旨大意题。笑容是世上最通用的语言，笑容是世上最温暖的语言，本文探讨了人类为什么而笑这个问题。故C项为最佳标题。2.东北三省四市2019届高三二模联考英语试题Connect

ingwithpeoplehasbecomesomucheasierwithadvancingtechnology.Tasksthatoncerequiredapostagestamporcarrierpigeonarenowassimpleastappinganame

orevenafaceonyourscreen,andyou’reconnected.Butalsoeasierisunconsciouslygettingcaughtupinadilemmabyviolatingcertainnewrulesforcommunicating.

Abigoneforsome:Don’tcalluntilyou’vetextedtoconfirmit’sOKtocall.Butthat’sjustthebeginning.“I’musuallyprettymildandnotmuchbothersme,”saidMark

Angielle,a29-year-oldofficemanagerfromWhitePlains,NewYork.Buttheonethingthathehatesmorethananythingelseinlifeistheterribl

eone-wordmessage—“K.”“Attheveryleastreplywith,Gotit.”hesaid“Atleastgivemeafewwordshere.You’renotthatbusy.”Therearehundreds,perh

apseventhousands,ofotherswhohavetakenLosocialmediatoexpresstheirdistasteforpeoplewhodon’tfollowtheunwrittenruleso

fdigitalcommunication.“Theserulesaresimplyanewdisplayofaphenomenonwe’veseeninthepast,”saidJamesIvory,professorofco

mmunicationaVirginiaTech.Inthesamewaythatgenerationsandsmallgroupsoffriendshavetheirownslangandcustoms,internetculturehasgivenbirt

htotechnology-dependentbeingsthathavetheirownuniquesetofroutine.Butnoteveryonegetsthepoint.Unlikelanguage,digitalcommunicatio

ncanbefilledwithambiguousclues(线索、迹象)thatthepersonontheotherendofthecall,textoremailmayormaynoteasilyunderstand.“Assoonaspeoplearen’

ttalkingfacetoface,thefirstthingthatgetslostissomeoftherichnessofthebodylanguage,”Ivorysaid,“Peopleimmediatelyfill

thatgapbyusingemoji(表情符号)tosumupafeelinginseconds.“There'sgreatpotentialfordanger,”Ivorywarned.“What'sconsideredpoliteinoneformmightbeinapprop

riateorrudeinanotheroccasion.”1.WhatcanyouinferaboutMarkfromParagraph2?A.Heisabusinessmanwithabadtemper.B.Hecomplai

nsaboutsocialmanners.C.Hecan’tbearone-wordmessages.D.Hedislikeabusybusinesslife.2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingbreakstherulesforcommunic

ating?A.Johnsays“Igotit.”tohisbossfacetoface.B.JimcallsBillwithoutconfirminginadvance.C.MarytextsLilytomakesureifshecancallher.D.Jacksends“Thank

salot”tohisbusinessfriends.3.Whymaypeoplemisunderstandeachotherduringdigitalcommunication?A.Emojicannotsumu

pfeelings.B.Peopleusetheirownslangandcustoms.C.Therearelargequantitiesofwrittenrules.D.Peoplegetswrongmessageswithoutclearclues.4.Wh

atarepeopleexpectedtodoafterreadingtiepassage?A.Toobeytheirowndigitalcommunicationrules.B.Tobeawareofrulesduringdigitalcommunicati

on.C.Touseadvancingtechnologyevenwithdisadvantages.D.Tokeeppacewithdigitalcommunicationdevelopment.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。随着技术的进步，人与人之间的

联系变得越来越容易，但在数字通信中更容易违反某些新的交流规则而无意识地陷入两难境地。对此许多人对这种现象表达了忧虑。1.C【解析】推理判断题。由第二段“Buttheonethingthathehatesmorethananythi

ngelseinlifeistheterribleone-wordmessage”可知，在生活中他最痛恨的一件事就是一个字的信息。所以通过关键词“hate,terrible”可以判断出，马克不能忍受一个字的信息。故C选项正确。2.B【解析】推理判断题。由第一段“Don’t

calluntilyou’vetextedtoconfirmit’sOKtocall”可知，在你发短信确认可以打电话之前不要打电话。很多人都违反了这个交流规则。所以B选项“吉姆没有事先确认就打电话给比尔”违反了沟通交流的规则。故

B选项正确。3.D【解析】细节理解题。由第五段“Unlikelanguage,digitalcommunicationcanbefilledwithambiguousclues(线索、迹象)thatthepersonontheotherendofthecall,textorema

ilmayormaynoteasilyunderstand.”可知，与语言不同的是，数字通信可以充满模糊的线索。电话、文本或电子邮件另一端的人可能很容易理解什么意思，也可能不容易理解是什么意思。所以为什么人们在数字通信中会产生误解是因为人们在没有明确线索的情况下会收到错误的信息。故D选项正

确。4.B【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，随着技术的进步，人与人之间的联系变得越来越容易，但更容易违反某些新的交流规则而无意识地陷入两难境地。对此许多人对这种现象表达了忧虑。所以判断出短文目的就是期望人们能够在数字通信过程中要

注意规则。所以读了这篇文章后，人们被期望能够在数字通信过程中要注意规则。故B选项正确。3.山东省临沂市2019届高三三模考试ScientistsinWesternAustraliaclaimtohavemadeanewdiscovery—theyhavefoundg

oldintheleavesandtwigsoftrees.Theresearchersbelievethatthetreessuckupthegoldfromdeepunderground，over30metresdown.Thediscoveryhasbeen

describedasthefirstofitskindintheworld.Australiangoldexplorationcompaniesarepleasedbecauseitwillmakefindinggoldcheaper.Rathert

handrillingdeepholestofindgold，theyhavemorewaystoexaminetreeleavesandbranches.Thereisonlyatinyamountofgoldintheleaves.Itwouldtake500t

reestomakeonegoldring.ThegoldisfoundusingaspecialX—raymachineownedbyanAustraliangovernmentagency.ApureX-rayandapowerfulmicroscopescanthelea

vesandbranches.Theclaimthatthisisthefirsttimethatgoldparticles(微粒)havebeenfoundinlivingmaterialmightnotbetrue，though.Ancien

tChinesewisdomunderstoodtheconnectionbetweenplantsandthepreciousstonesandmineralsunderneaththem.Theyusedplantli

fetofindmineralsandthatwasthousandsofyearsago.IntheZhouDynasty，itwaswritteninabookthatacertainplantgrewonlyneardepositsofgold.Overthenext2

，000years，Chinesepeoplewroteaboutdifferentplantsandhowtheygrew，showedwheremineralsandpreciousstonessuchasjade，copper，lead，silverandgoldwere.Ev

enmoreimportantly，inthe1000s，SuSongdescribedhowcopper，gold，silver，leadandtinwereobservedandtakenfromcertainplant

s.Thesewereamazingscientificdiscoveries.Meanwhile，thisknowledgewasunknownintherestoftheworlduntilabout1600.ThiswaswhenaBritishmanrealisedthatoa

ktreesgrewlargerandgreenerwheretherewasalum(明矾)intheground.MaybeancientChinesehasmoreknowledgetoteachmodernscientists.1.Whatcanweknowfrom

Paragraph1?A.500deadtreescanmakeonegoldring.B.Thetreescanabsorbthegoldfromdeepunderground.C.Scientisthavefoundgol

d30metersbelowunderground.D.Thecompaniesfindithardtofindgold.2.Howdoscientistsfindgoldintheleaves?A.B

yobservingtheleavescarefully.B.Bydrillingdeepholes.C.Byusingaspecialx—ray.D.Byreferringtoancientbooks.3.Whofirstdiscoveredthattherewasconnectio

nbetweenplantsandminerals?A.AncientChinesepeople.B.SuSong.C.Australianscientists.D.ABritishman.4.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Tointro

ducetwogreatscientistsinancienttimes.B.Toprovidemoreevidencetosupportthewriter’sopinion.C.Toshowhowancientpeoplegotgoldfromc

ertainplants.D.ToprovethatancientChinesehasmoreknowledgethanmodernscientists.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。澳大利亚西部的科学家们声称有了一项新发现——他们在树叶和树枝中发现了金子，这一

发现被描述为世界上第一个类似的发现。但作者认为第一次在生命物质中发现金子微粒的说法可能是不正确的，并证实了这种观点。1.B【解析】细节理解题。由第一段“Theresearchersbelievethatthetreessuckupthegoldfromdeepunderground，over30m

etresdown.”可知，研究人员相信这些树能从30米以下的地下深处吸收黄金。所以从第一段我们可以知道树木能从地下深处吸收金子。故B选项正确。2.C【解析】细节理解题。由第一段“ThegoldisfoundusingaspecialX—ray

machineownedbyanAustraliangovernmentagency”可知，黄金是用澳大利亚政府机构拥有的一台特殊的X光机来发现的。所以科学家用特殊的x射线来寻找树叶中的金子。故C选项正确。3.A【解析】细节

理解题。由第二段“AncientChinesewisdomunderstoodtheconnectionbetweenplantsandthepreciousstonesandmineralsunderne

aththem.Theyusedplantlifetofindmineralsandthatwasthousandsofyearsago.”可知，中国古代的智慧了解植物和其下面的宝石和矿物之间的联系。他们用植物来寻找矿物，那是几千年前的事了。所以中国古代人民首先发现植物和矿物之间有联系。

故A选项正确。4.B【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段可知，重要的是，在11世纪，苏松描述了铜、金、银、铅和锡是如何被观察到并从某些植物中被提取出来。这些都是令人惊奇的科学发现。同时，直到1600年左右，世界其他地方都不知道这一知识。这时一个英国人意识到橡树变得更大

更绿。在其下面发现了明矾，也许古代中国人有更多的知识来传授给现代科学家。所以最后一段，仍然在说明在生命物质中发现金子微粒很早就已经存在了。所以第一次在生命物质中发现金子微粒的说法是不正确的。故最后一段的目的是提供更多的证据来支持作者的观点。故

B选项正确。4.江西师范大学附属中学2019届高三三模Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostofth

eresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,asthere

searchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe“outof

sight,outofmind”principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsi

ght.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacet

oomanytemptations,arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peop

leappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereser

ves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.Willpowermaya

lsobemadelessvulnerable（脆弱）tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeingli

keamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecom

eexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillp

owerstrength.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear’sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexh

austedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don’ttrytoquitsmoking,adopt

ahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you’llnolongerneedtodr

awonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.1.Fromthestudiesin

thepassagewelearnthat.A.peoplehaveunlimitedself-controlB.highmotivationensuresone’ssuccessC.willpowerishardlycompletel

yexhaustedD.toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure2.Theunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.A.makeuseofB.runou

tofC.buildD.increase3.Theauthorcomparesself–controltomuscles.A.toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowerB.toshowthesignificanceofregu

larexerciseC.toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedupD.toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control4.Todevelop

agoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A.“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.”B.“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.”C.“IwillreadanEngli

shnoveleverymonth.”D.“Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.”【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。短文列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在

面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。1.C【解析】细节推理题。根据第三段Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomew

illpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.可知，研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。故C选项正确。2.A【解析】猜测词义题。由第

三段“Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.”可知，正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使

我们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽，我们仍然可以继续前进。所以通过上下文的语境，判断出“tapinto”指利用，与makeuseof同义。故A选项正确。3.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyex

erciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.可

知，虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪，但长期而言，它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。同样规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。两者相比是为了说明同一个道理：长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。故D选项正确。4.C【解析】推

理判断题。根据倒数第二段Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventu

allyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.可知，作者认为一个接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为

惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。所以C项“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更喜欢这种目标。故C选项正确。5.河南省开封市2019届高三第三次模拟考试Squirrelsaren’tnaturalcitydw

ellers(居民).In1986thesightofoneinatreenearNewYork’scityhallsosurprisedpassers-bythatanewspaperpublishedareportaboutthe“unusualvisitor”.Ar

oundthattime,thetree-dwellinganimalswerebeingsetfreeinAmerica’surbanareasto“createpocketsofpeaceandcalmlikethecountryside,”saysU

niversityofPennsylvaniahistorianEtienneBenson,whostudiedourrelationshiptosquirrelsoverthecourseoffiveyears.Firs

t,theywereintroducedtoPhiladelphia,thentoNewHaven,Boston,andNewYorkCity.Parkvisitorswereencouragedtofe

edthem,andsecurityguardsensuredtheirsafety.Inthe1910saleaderoftheBoyScoutsofAmerica(anorganizationteachingboyspracticalskills)saidthatteach

ingchildrentofeedsquirrelscouldshowtherewardsoftreatingaweakercreaturewithsympathy,saysBenson.Bytheearly20thcentur

y,though,Americabegantoregretthefriendlinessithadshownsquirrels.Citieshadoncebeenfilledwithanimals—fromhorsespullinggoodst

odairycows.Bythe1950sthoseworkinganimalshadbeenmovedtothecountryside.Petsandwildanimalssuchasbirdsandsquirrelswereallthatremainedoftheurbananimalkin

gdom.Beforelong,people’senthusiasmforsquirrelsworeoff,andtheystartedtoseethemasannoyances.Bythe1970smanyparksbannedfeed

ingthecreatures.Today,itisraretofindkidswiththeirparentsofferingfoodtosquirrelsunderatree.And,unfortunately,withmoreandmorebuildingsbeing

constructedinthecity,fewerinhabitable(适宜栖息的)areasareleftforthelittletree-dwellinganimals.Whatwouldbelostifthelastofthesecitydwellerswereforced

toleave?“Ithinkthere’ssomethingconstructivetohaveotherlivingcreaturesinthecitythatarenothumansandnotpetsbutsharethelandwithus,”saysBenson.“It’sagood

thingtoliveinalandscapewhereyouseeothercreaturesgoingaroundmakinglunch.It’sgoodforthesoul.”1.What’sthepurposeo

fintroducingsquirrelstoPhiladelphia?A.Toentertainparkvisitors.B.Tokeepthenaturalbalance.C.Toencouragekidstoprotectanimals.D.Tomakethe

urbanlifemorepeaceful.2.WhatwastheBoyScoutsleader’sattitudetowardsfeedingsquirrels?A.Disagreeable.B.Doubtf

ul.C.Supportive.D.Uncaring.3.Whatmighthavehappenedtosquirrelsincitiesaroundthe1960s?A.Theymighthaveinhabi

tedmorehomes.B.Theymighthavebeguntogooutoffavor.C.Theymighthavebeenintroducedtomorecities.D.Theymighthavebeenmovedtothecountryside.4

.WhatdoesBensonsuggestinthelastparagraph?A.Squirrelslivingincitiesareannoying.B.Feedingsquirrelsshouldbediscouraged.C.Squirrel

sshouldbeallowedtoliveincities.D.Itispossibleforpeopletokeepsquirrelsaspets.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了松鼠是否

应该留在城市生活的问题。1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Aroundthattime,thetree-dwellinganimalswerebeingsetfreeinAmerica’surbana

reasto“createpocketsofpeaceandcalmlikethecountryside,”可知，松鼠被引进费城是为了让城市生活变得更宁静，故选D。2.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的Inthe1910saleaderoft

heBoyScoutsofAmerica(anorganizationteachingboyspracticalskills)saidthatteachingchildrentofeedsquirrelscouldshowthe

rewardsoftreatingaweakercreaturewithsympathy,saysBenson.（Benson说，20世纪10年代，美国童子军的一位领导人说，教孩子喂松鼠可以显示出同情地对待弱小动物的回报。）可知

，这名童子军领导支持喂养松鼠的行为，故选C。3.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的Bythe1950sthoseworkinganimalshadbeenmovedtothecountryside（到20世

纪50年代，这些动物已经被转移到农村）和第五段中的Beforelong,peoplesenthusiasmforsquirrelsworeoff,andtheystartedtoseethemasannoyances.Bythe1970smanyparksbann

edfeedingthecreatures（不久，人们对松鼠的热情就消退了，他们开始把松鼠视为讨厌的东西。到20世纪70年代，许多公园禁止给这些动物喂食。）由此推断出，在20世纪60年代左右，城市松鼠开始失宠，故选B。4.C【解

析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的constructive和agoodthing等关键词，以及It’sgoodforthesoul可判断Benson认为松鼠应该被允许留在城市里，故选C。