【文档说明】专题09- 阅读表达 (解析版) 五年（2018-2022）北京高考真英语真题+两年模拟题分项汇编详解.docx，共(44)页，65.272 KB，由envi的店铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.doc5u.com/view-647f0b324ee4286e3b2c7e350b0252bc.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

专题09阅读表达序号内容PartIPassage1-Passage2--5年真题过关PartIIPassage3-Passage20--模拟能力提升（北京各区模拟试题）PartI-5年真题过关Passage1（202

2年北京）Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur(创业者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.Heknewtherehadtobeab

etterportabledrinksolutionanddecidedtoinnovatefromsomethinghesawinhisownhome:fruitinfused(浸泡)water.Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinf

usionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.Fromobservinghismumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions,hecameupwithhisoriginalmodelfortheFu

nBottle.“Iwantedtocomeupwithahealthy,naturalwayforpeopletodrinkwhenonthego.Abigpartofmymissionistogetpeopleofallagesoffs

ugarydrinks,”Tomexplains.Thebottleismadewithastrainer(滤网)thatallowsthegreattastesandnaturalsugarsofthevariousfruitsandvegetablesyoucho

osetocomethroughthewater,withoutanyoftheseedsorskinsflowingthrough.TomisproudofhisdesignandexcitedtobesellingtheFunBottleonhiswebsiteandinstores,b

utthis15-year-oldismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.Ithelpstoprovidehealthyalternativestosugarydrinks

;andalsoTomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOrganisationforaHealthierGeneration(OHG).Tomhasbeenawardedseveralprizes,butthistee

nageinnovatorremainshumble.Whenaskedwhatadvicehe’dgiveotherentrepreneurialyouth,hesays,“Prepareandhaveyourfamily’ssupport.Itisimportanttoknowfromth

ebeginningthattherearealotofhighsandlows,andthereisnosuchthingasovernightsuccess.”40.WhatdidTomwitnessathisownschool?41.WheredidTomg

ettheideafortheoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatementthenunderlineitand

explainwhy.TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugar

ydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.,43.AmongTom’squalities,whichone(s)doyouthinkwillbeimportantforus?Why?(I

nabout40words)【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。40.【答案】Tomwitnessedthewidespreadconsumptionofsuga

rydrinksbykidsathisownschool.【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur(创业者),witnessedathi

sownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创

业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tomwitnessedthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykidsathisownschool.41

.【答案】Tomgottheideafromobservinghismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.【解析】考查细节理解。根

据第二段第一句中“Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusions”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“Fromobservinghismumandfromh

isdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions,hecameupwithhisoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle.”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的FunBottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的

过程中得到启发，才有了FunBottle的原始模型。故答案为Tomgottheideafromobservinghismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alon

goption.42.【答案】【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段中“butthis15-year-oldismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.Ithel

pstoprovidehealthyalternativestosugarydrinks;andalsoTomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOrganisationforaHealthierGene

ration(OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是FunBottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“al

ltheprofits”，应修改为“partoftheprofits”，故答案为TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternat

ivestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.TomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOHG.43.【答案】Tomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthat

FunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitsto

theOHG.TomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOHG.43.Ithinkthequalityofperspicacitywillbeimportant,becausethisinsightcanhelpusconstantl

yfindourownshortcomingsinourlives,whichinturncanhelpusimproveourselves.(31)【解析】开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom,a15-year-oldinvento

randentrepreneur(创业者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮

料）第二段中““Iwantedtocomeupwithahealthy,naturalwayforpeopletodrinkwhenonthego.Abigpartofmymissionistogetpeopleofallagesoffsugarydrin

ks,”Tomexplains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的

饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：Ithinkthequalityofperspicacityimisportant,becausethisinsightcanhelpusconsta

ntlyfindourownshortcomingsinourlives,whichinturncanhelpusimproveourselves.(31)Passage2（2021年北京）Recentresearchsuggeststhatifan

argumentgetsresolved，theemotionalresponsetiedtoitissignificantlyreducedoralmostcompletelyerased．Thus，itmaybeworthbr

ingingupissueswithyourfriends，familymembers，orclassmatesratherthanholdingthemback．Thereisadifferencebetweenarguingandfighting．Arg

uingisthatyouandyouropponentpresentyourconcernsanddiscussthefeelingsandissuesrelatedtothoseconcerns．Youcanengageinanargumentrespectfu

llywithoutstirringup（激起）anger．Fighting，however，usuallyinvolvespersonalattacks，raisingofvoices，andstormingout．Di

scussingyourissuesandresolvingtheminsteadofstuffingthemdowncanimproveyouremotionalhealth．Inastudy，2.000peoplewe

reaskedtorecordtheirfeelingsandexperiencesforeightdaysinarow．Whenpeoplehadanargumentthattheyconsideredresolved，theyhadhalfthereactivity（情绪反应）ofthos

ewhoavoidedanargument．Reactivityisanincreaseinnegativeemotionsoradecreaseinpositiveemotions．Inotherwords，resolvinganargumentcutsyournegativef

eelingsbyhalf．Onedaylater，peoplewhohadaresolvedargumentreportednoincreaseofnegativeemotionscomparedwit

hthosewhoavoidedanargument．Thismeansthatresolvinganargumentcanfeellikeyouhavereachedastateofresolution——andyouarelesslikelytobean

noyed．Moreover，theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument．Thismaybebecausemorelifeexp

erienceusuallyleadstomoredefinedpriorities．Youaremorelikelytodistinguishbetweenwhatmattersandwhatdoesnot．Itiseasie

rtoavoidadiscussion，butriskingtalkingaboutitmayeventuallyleadtoabetteroutcome．40.Accordingtothispassage，whatisarguin

g？41.Whyisitthat“theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument”？42.Pleasedecidewhic

hpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement，thenunderlineitandexplainwhy．Resolvingargumentscanimproveyouremotionalhealth，because

itincreasesyourreactivityandreducesthechanceofyougettingangry．43.Inadditiontoimprovingemotionalhealth，whatdoyouthinkaresomeotherbenefitsofresolvin

ganargument？（Inabout40words）【答案】40.Arguingisdiscussingyourworries，relatedfeelingsandproblemswiththeotherpa

rty．41.Itisbecausemorelifeexperiencemayhelppeoplebetteridentifyprioritiesinlife．42.Resolvingargumentscanimproveyouremotionalhealth，

becauseitincreasesyourreactivityandreducesthechanceofyougettingangry．Resolvingargumentshelpstodecreaseyourreactivity．4

3.Resolvingargumentscanalsoimprovepeople'slogicalthinkingandresilience,andimprovetheirrelationshipwitheachother.（参考答案）【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，如果

争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的，而不是阻止他们。40.【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguingisthatyouandyouropponentpresen

tyourconcernsanddiscussthefeelingsandissuesrelatedtothoseconcerns．”（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。）可知

，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为Arguingisdiscussingyourworries，relatedfeelingsandproblemswiththeotherparty．41

.【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段“Moreover，theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument．Thismaybebecausemorelifeexperienceusuallyleadstomored

efinedpriorities．Youaremorelikelytodistinguishbetweenwhatmattersandwhatdoesnot．”（而且，年纪越大，越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导

致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。）可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填Itisbecausemorelifeexperiencemayhelppeoplebette

ridentifyprioritiesinlife．42.【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved，theemotionalresponsetiedtoi

tissignificantlyreducedoralmostcompletelyerased．”（如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎）可知，解决争吵可以改善你的情绪健康，因为它增加你的反应，减少你生气的机会。解决争论有助于降低

你的反应性，而不是增加你的反应力。故答案为Resolvingargumentscanimproveyouremotionalhealth，becauseitincreasesyourreactivityandreducesthechanceo

fyougettingangry．Resolvingargumentshelpstodecreaseyourreactivity．43.【解析】考查开放思维。解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力，使得相互之间的关系得到升华。故可能答案版本一为Resolvingar

gumentscanalsoimprovepeople'slogicalthinkingandresilience,andimprovetheirrelationshipwitheachother.PartII-模拟能力提升（北京各区模拟试题）Passage3（2022·北京房山·二模）阅读下

面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Isitpossibletoimproveyourbrainfunction?Theansweris“yes”.Informationinyourbrainiscollected,storedandrecalledbyn

euralpathways.Thesepathwaysareresponsibleforyourabilitiestosolveproblems,rememberfamiliarfacesandtask

s,withoutpayingatonofefforts.Millionsoftheseneuralpathwaysbegindevelopingfromthetimewhenyouaregrowingintoababy.Tokeepourmemoryhealthy,weneedtocrea

tenewpathwayscontinually.Asweage,ourlifestylesoftenchange,stoppingthosepathwaysfrombeingdeveloped.Twofrequentchangesareadecre

aseinexerciseandlessattentiontoourdiet,whichhaveanegativeeffectonourbrainandmemory.Ourbrainrequiresconsistentstimulation,regardlessofour

age,andlookingforwaystoexcitetheproductionofnewpathwaysiscritical.Justlikeyourphysicalmusclesneedtobeusedindifferentwaystomakethemstr

onger,ourbrainneedschangetohelpchallengeitsabilities.Onesimplewaytostimulatetheproductionofnewpathwaysistryingsomethingnew.Challengey

ourbrainwithpuzzles,anewlanguageorlearninghowtoplayaninstrument.Anythingdifferentandnewcanstimulateyourbrainandmemory.Thebestactivitiesaretheo

nesoutsideofyourcomfortzone.Theypushyouasyoudevelopnewneuralpathways.Theeffortinvolvedinlearningandcommittingtomemoryanewskill,withne

wtermsandlanguage,isagreatwaytoexerciseyourbrain.Anotherwaytostimulatetheproductionofnewpathwaysisdoingexercise.Whenyouexerciseyourbody,youarealsowo

rkingoutyourmind,becauseregularactivityhelpstoimprovethechemicalsinyourbrainandtoprotectbraincells.1．Acc

ordingtothepassage,whatcannegativelyaffectourbrainandmemory?2．Whyarethebestactivitiestheonesoutsideofyourcomfortzone?3．

Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Thetwowaysmentionedinthepassagetohelpcreat

enewpathwaysaretryingsomethingnewandexercisingyourbrainbychallengingyourbrainwithdifferenttasks.4．Whatelse

canyoudotoimproveyourbrainfunction?(Inabout40words)【答案】1．Adecreaseinexerciseandlessattentiontothediet.2．Becausetheycans

timulateone’sbrainandmemorytodevelopnewneutralpathways.3．Thetwowaysmentionedinthepassagetohelpcreatenewpathwaysaretryingso

methingnewandexercisingyourbrainbychallengingyourbrainwithdifferenttasks.Becausetheotherwaymentionedinthepassagetostimulat

etheproductionofnewpathwaysisdoingexercise。4．Toimprovebrainfunction,weshouldpaymoreattentiontothediet.A

ndweshouldgetenoughmentalexerciselikereadinganddoingmath.Inaddition,mediationisagoodwaytoimprovememory

andlearning.【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出大脑的功能是可以主动提升的，并介绍了两种促进神经通路形成、提升大脑功能的方法。1．【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Twofrequentchangesareadecreasein

exerciseandlessattentiontoourdiet,whichhaveanegativeeffectonourbrainandmemory.(两种常见的改变有，体育锻炼的减少和对自身饮食的不加注意，它们对我们的大脑和记忆力都有着消极的影响)”可知，体育锻炼减少和

不注意自身饮食会对大脑和记忆力产生负面影响。故答案为Adecreaseinexerciseandlessattentiontothediet。2．【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Thebestactivitiesaretheonesoutsideofyourcomfortzone.They

pushyouasyoudevelopnewneuralpathways.Theeffortinvolvedinlearningandcommittingtomemoryanewskill,withnewter

msandlanguage,isagreatwaytoexerciseyourbrain.(最好的活动是那些舒适区之外的活动。它们会促使你发展新的神经通路。那些用于学习和致力于记住一项新技能、新术语或是语言所付出的努力，是锻炼大脑的极佳方式)”可知，舒适区之外的活动，

也就是新奇的活动和经历可以激励大脑和记忆力，使人发展出新的神经通路，因此是最好的活动。故答案为Becausetheycanstimulateone’sbrainandmemorytodevelopnewneutralpathways。3．【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Onesim

plewaytostimulatetheproductionofnewpathwaysistryingsomethingnew.(一种简单的刺激新通路形成的方式是，尝试新鲜的事物)”和第七段中“Anothe

rwaytostimulatetheproductionofnewpathwaysisdoingexercise.(另一个刺激新通路形成的方式是体育锻炼)”可知，文中提到的两种促进新的神经通路形成的方式分别是尝试新鲜事物和增加体育锻炼

，即所给句子中“exercisingyourbrainbychallengingyourbrainwithdifferenttasks”部分有误，应画线，故答案（所述理由）为Thetwowaysmentionedinthepassagetohe

lpcreatenewpathwaysaretryingsomethingnewandexercisingyourbrainbychallengingyourbrainwithdifferenttasks.Becaus

etheotherwaymentionedinthepassagetostimulatetheproductionofnewpathwaysisdoingexercise。4．【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Twofrequentch

angesareadecreaseinexerciseandlessattentiontoourdiet,whichhaveanegativeeffectonourbrainandmemory.(两种常见的改变有，体育锻炼的减少和对自身饮食的不加注意，它们对我们的大脑和记忆

力都有着消极的影响)”可知，不注意自身饮食会阻碍新的神经通路形成，因此要避免这种行为，此外根据文中已经提到的提高大脑功能的方法还可联想到，适当地进行一些头脑训练，比如阅读、做数学题、练习冥想等。故答案为Toimprovebrainfunction,weshouldpaymoreattentio

ntothediet.Andweshouldgetenoughmentalexerciselikereadinganddoingmath.Inaddition,mediationisagoodwaytoimprovememoryandle

arning。Passage4（2022·北京市十一学校三模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Inlife,onceonapath,wetendtofollowit,forbetterorworse.What’ssadisthateveni

fit’sthelatter,weoftenfollowacertainpathanywaybecausewearesousedtothewaythingsarethatwedon’tevenrecognizethattheycouldbedifferent.Psychologistsc

allthisphenomenonfunctionalfixedness.Thisclassicexperimentwillgiveyouanideaofhowitworks–andasenseofwhetheryoumayhavefallenintothesametrap:Peop

learegivenaboxoftacks(大头钉)andsomematchesandaskedtofindawaytoattachacandletoawallsothatitburnsproperly.Typically,thesubjectstrytack

ingthecandletothewallorlightingittofixitwithmeltedwax(石蜡).Thetacksaretooshort,andthecandledoesn’tfas

tentothewall.Sohowcanyouaccomplishthetask?Thesuccessfultechniqueistousethetackboxasacandleholder.Youemptyit,t

ackittothewall,andstandthecandleinsideit.Tothinkofthat,youhavetolookbeyondthebox’susualroleasacontainerjustfortacksandreimagi

neitservinganentirelynewpurpose.Thatisdifficultbecauseweallsuffer–toonedegreeoranother–fromfunctionalfixedness.Thei

nabilitytothinkinnewwaysaffectspeopleineverycornerofsociety.ThepoliticaltheoristHannahArendcoinedthephrasefrozenthoughtstodescribe

deeplyheldideasthatwenolongerquestionbutshould.InArendt’seyes,thecomplacentrelianceonsuchaccepted“truths”alsomadepeopleblindtoideastha

tdidn’tfittheirworldview,evenwhentherewasampleevidenceforthem.Frozenthinkinghasnothingtodowithintelligence,shesaid,“Itcanbefoundi

nhighlyintelligentpeople.”Anothercontextinwhichfrozenthinkingcanturntrulydangerousismedicine.Ifyoulandinthehospital,it’snaturaltowantto

betreatedbythemostexperiencedphysiciansonstaff.Butaccordingtoa2014studyintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation(JAMA),you’dbebetteroffbe

ingtreatedbytherelativenovices.5．Whatdoes“functionalfixedness”mean?6．Howisthecandleattachedtothewall?7．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowing

statement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.▶FrozenthinkingiscommonamongordinarypeoplebutlessfoundinthosewithhighIQ.8

．Howcanyouavoidfrozenthoughtsinyourdailylife?(Inabout40words)【答案】5．Itmeansweareusedtothewaythingsarethatwedon’t

evenrecognizethattheycouldbedifferent.6．Thesuccessfultechniqueistoplaceitintotheemptiedtackboxthatisfastenedtothewall.7．Fr

ozenthinkingiscommonamongordinarypeopleaswellasthosewithhigh10althoughfrozenthinkinghasmuchtodowithintelligence.Becausefrozenthinkinghasnot

hingtodowithintelligence.8．Therearetwowaystoavoidfrozenthoughts.Firstly,Icantalktopeoplewhodisagreewithme,whichisgoodformybrain.What’smore,Ia

lwaysthinkoutsidethebox,whichcanbroadenmythinkingincountlessways.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象。5．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Wh

at’ssadisthatevenifit’sthelatter,weoftenfollowacertainpathanywaybecauseweareusedtothewaythingsarethatwe

don’tevenrecognizethattheycouldbedifferent.Psychologistscallthisphenomenonfunctionalfixedness.(可悲的是，即使是后者，我们通常还是会走一条特定的道路，因为我们已经习惯了事物本来的样子

，甚至没有意识到它们可能是不同的。心理学家称这种现象为功能性固着)”可知，功能固着指的习惯了事物本来的样子，甚至没有意识到它们可能是不同的。故答案为Itmeansweareusedtothewaythingsarethatwedon’tevenrecognizethatt

heycouldbedifferent.6．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段的“Thesuccessfultechniqueistousethetackboxasacandleholder.Youemptyit,tackittothewall,andstandthecandlei

nsideit.(成功的方法是把大头钉盒当作烛台。你把它倒空，钉在墙上，把蜡烛放在里面)”可知，成功的方法是把大头钉盒当作烛台，钉在墙上，把蜡烛放在里面。故答案为Thesuccessfultechniqueistoplaceitintotheemp

tiedtackboxthatisfastenedtothewall.7．【解析】考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“Frozenthinkinghasnothingtodowithintelligence,shesaid,“Itc

anbefoundinhighlyintelligentpeople.”(她说，思维僵化与智力无关，“它可以在高智商的人身上找到。”)”可知，“Frozenthinkingiscommonamongordinarypeopleaswellasthosewithhighalthoughfr

ozenthinkinghasmuchtodowithintelligence.”的错误之处是“hasmuchtodowithintelligence”，因为思维僵化和智力无关。故答案为Frozenthinkingiscommonamongordinarypeopleaswellasth

osewithhigh10althoughfrozenthinkinghasmuchtodowithintelligence.Becausefrozenthinkinghasnothingtodowithintelligence.8．【解析】开放性问题。题干意为“你如何避免日常生

活中的思维僵化？”，结合文章内容，答案符合逻辑即可，注意词数限制。例如：Therearetwowaystoavoidfrozenthoughts.Firstly,Icantalktopeoplewhodisagreewithme,whichisgood

formybrain.What’smore,Ialwaysthinkoutsidethebox,whichcanbroadenmythinkingincountlessways.Passage5（2022·北京师大附中三模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作

答。Almosteverycommunityintheworldhassomeformofrulesandsomewayofcarryingthemout.Acommunityisagroupofpeoplewhoareunitedbya

numberoffactors,includinggeography,language,andvalues.Sowhydowehaverules,andwhatmakespeoplefollowthem?Studieshavesuggestedthatthereasonwedon’t

likecheatingandrule-breakingisthatfairnessisprogrammedintoourbrains.Theyhavefoundthatthebrainreactsinaparticularwaywhenwefeel

wearebeingtreatedunfairly.Thefindingsconcludedthatfairnessisabasichumanneedalongwithfoodandsocialcontact.Ours

enseoffairnessdependsontheinfluencesinourculture,theimmediatesituationwearein,andourownself-interest.Arrivingatafeelingoffairnessmeansconsideringdif

ferent,oftenconflicting,pointsofview.Regardlessofthedisagreement,peoplealmostalwaysneedtocompromise.Butitcanbedifficult

toarriveatacompromise(妥协)whenthereareconflictinginterests.Thisiswhycommunitieshaverulesthateveryonemustfollow.Socialcontrolsa

reanimportantfactorinsettingandfollowingrules.Theyinfluencethewaywebehaveandcanbeinternalorexternal.Internalco

ntrolscomefromwithinandarebasedonourvaluesandfears.Mostofusdon’tsteal,forexample,becausewebelievethattheftisunfairandwro

ng.Inotherwords,ourinternalcontrolskeepusfrombehavinginwaysthatcauseconflict.Externalcontrolsincluderewardsandpunishments.Theydonotcom

efromwithinbutareimplementedbyanauthority—thiscouldbethegovernment,thepolice,ateacherorparents,dependingonthesituation.Rewards,suchasjobpromotions,a

wards,andpraise,aredesignedtoencouragepeopletobehaveandactintheinterestofthewholecommunity.Punishments,suchaspublicembarrassment,fines,andevenimpriso

nmentcanpreventpeoplefromactingagainstthecommunity’sbestinterests.Peopleneedtheircommunitiestofunctionsmoothly.Becauseofthis,hu

mansmostoftenbehaveinorderly,fair,andpredictableways.Iftherewerenorules,themajorityofpeoplewouldprobablycontinuetoi

nteractpositively.However,therewouldalwaysbeaminoritywhowouldnot,withseriousconsequences.Thisiswhyasocietywithoutrulesisunlik

elytobecomearealityanytimesoon—atleastnotintherealworld.(390words)9．Whydowehaverulesandfollowthem?10．Howdosocialcontrolsinfluenceourbehavior?11

．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenchangeitandexplainwhy.Ourinternalcontrolcomesfromrewardsandpunishment

sfromanauthoritylikeourschool.12．Ifyoucouldchangearuleatyourschool/home/community,whichonewouldyouliketochange?Why?(Inabout40words)【答案】

9．Topromotefairness.10．Socialcontrolsinfluencethewaywebehaveandcanbeinternalorexternal.11．Ourexternalcontrolscomes

fromrewardsandpunishmentsfromanauthoritylikeourschool.Becauseexternalcontrolsincluderewardsandpunishments.Theydonotcom

efromwithinbutareimplementedbyanauthority—thiscouldbethegovernment,thepolice,ateacherorparents,dependingonthesituation.12．Inmyhome,allhousewor

kisdonebymymom,whichIthinkshouldbechanged.Becauseitisunfairtodoallthehouseworkbymymom.Weshoulddoitwithhertoshowfairness,ourlovea

ndshareofresponsibility.【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述一项研究表明，人们生活的社区和社会都需要有规则来促进公平，没有规则，社会就无法运行。9．【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Oursenseoffairnessdependsont

heinfluencesinourculture,theimmediatesituationwearein,andourownself-interest.Arrivingatafeelingoffairnes

smeansconsideringdifferent,oftenconflicting,pointsofview.Regardlessofthedisagreement,peoplealmostalwaysneedtocomprom

ise.Butitcanbedifficulttoarriveatacompromise(妥协)whenthereareconflictinginterests.Thisiswhycommunitieshaverulesthateveryonemustf

ollow.”(我们的公平感取决于我们文化的影响，我们当前的处境，以及我们自身的利益。达到一种公平的感觉意味着考虑不同的，经常是相互矛盾的观点。不管有什么分歧，人们几乎总是需要妥协。但当利益冲突时，可能很难达成妥协。这就是为什么社区有每个人都必须遵守的规则。)可知，

我们每个人之所以要遵守规则，原因在于要实现公平。故答案为Topromotefairness。10．【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Socialcontrolsareanimportantfactorinsettingandfollowingrules.The

yinfluencethewaywebehaveandcanbeinternalorexternal.”(社会控制是制定和遵守规则的一个重要因素。它们影响我们的行为方式，可以是内在的，也可以是外在的。

)可知，社会控制从内在和外在影响我们的行为方式。故答案为Socialcontrolsinfluencethewaywebehaveandcanbeinternalorexternal.11．【解析】细节理解题

。根据第三段“Internalcontrolscomefromwithinandarebasedonourvaluesandfears.”(内部控制来自内部，基于我们的价值观和恐惧。)和第四段“Externalcontrolsincluderewardsandpun

ishments.Theydonotcomefromwithinbutareimplementedbyanauthority—thiscouldbethegovernment,thepolice,ateacherorparents

,dependingonthesituation.”(外部控制包括奖励和惩罚。它们不是来自内部，而是由一个权威机构执行——这可能是政府、警察、教师或家长，具体取决于具体情况。)可知，内部控制来自内部，基于我们的价值观和恐惧；而

外部控制是来自像学校这样的权威机构执行的奖励和惩罚。所以，这句话“Ourinternalcontrolcomesfromrewardsandpunishmentsfromanauthoritylikeourschool.”(我们的内部控制来自于像我们学校这样

的权威机构的奖励和惩罚。)是错误的，主语internalcontrol应该改成externalcontrol。故答案为Ourexternalcontrolscomesfromrewardsandpunishmentsfromanauthoritylikeourschoo

l.Becauseexternalcontrolsincluderewardsandpunishments.Theydonotcomefromwithinbutareimplementedbyanauthority—thiscouldbethegovernment,thepolice,atea

cherorparents,dependingonthesituation.12．【解析】开放性试题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。题干问的是：如果您可以更改学校/家庭/社区的规则，您希望更改哪一条？为什么？可以自选一条更改，注意字数。参考答案为Inmyhome,allhousew

orkisdonebymymom,whichIthinkshouldbechanged.Becauseitisunfairtodoallthehouseworkbymymom.Weshoulddoitwithherto

showfairness,ourloveandshareofresponsibility.Passage6（2022·北京通州·模拟预测）阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹

清楚。Somanythingscankeepyoufromseeingyourlovedonesinperson,frombusyschedulestolongdistancestoaratherunexpectedpandemic(流行病).Fortunately,thankstom

odemtechnology,thepeoplewemissareoftenonlyaphonecallortextmessageaway.Butifyou’resomeonewhoprefersty

pedoutmessagestoverbalones,youmaywanttoreconsider.Accordingtoscience,ifyouwanttofeelmoreconnectedtothepeopl

eyou’retalkingto,youshouldcalltheminsteadoftexting.Anewstudy,publishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsyc

hology,foundthatcommunicationinteractionsthatincludedvoice,likeaphonecallorvideochat,createdstrongersocialbondsthancommunicationthroughtypin

g,liketextmessagingoremail.Inthestudy,researchersusedvariousexperimentstogaugeconnectedness.Inone,theyasked20p

eopletomakepredictionsaboutwhatitwouldbeliketoreconnectwithanoldfriendbyemailorbyphoneandthenassigneditonpeopleatrandomtodooneortheother.

Althoughpeopleanticipatedthataphonecallwouldbemoreawkward,hearingsomeone’svoiceactuallymadetheexperiencebetter.“Peoplereportedtheydidfor

masignificantlystrongerbondwiththeiroldfriendonthephoneversusemail,andtheydidnotfeelmoreawkward,”studyco-authorAmitKumar,anassistantprofessorofma

rketingattheMcCombsSchoolofBusiness,saidinastatement.Inanotherexperiment,theresearchershadstrangersconnectbyeithertexting,ta

lkingovervideochat,ortalkingusingonlyaudio.Theyfoundthatbothformsofvoicecommunication-whethervideooraudi

oonly-madethestrangersfeelsignificantlymoreconnectedthanwhentheycommunicatedviatexting.SabrinaRomanoff,aH

arvardtrainedclinicalpsychologistbasedinNewYorkCity,sayspeopletendtotextoremailinsteadofcallingbecauseof

convenience,astheyseeitasacontrolledformofcommunicationwheretheycan“correspondinformationexactlyinthewaytheyintendwithoutun

expectedadditionsbytheotherperson”.Romanoffsaysthatinreality,textingcanmakeithardtodeterminethetruemeaningbehindaconversatio

n.“Aphonecallisactuallymoreconvenientwhenconsideringtheneteffectsofthemessage”sheexplains.“Eachpartyismorepresent,andthereforeablet

ogaugethemeaningbehindthecontentwithoutthinkingabouttheendlesspossiblemeaningsbehindwordsandpunctuations.”13．W

hatdidthenewstudypublishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychologyfind?14．Inthefirstexperimentmentionedinthepas

sage,howdopeoplefeelactuallywhentheyconnectedwithanoldfriendbyphone?15．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,t

henunderlineitandexplainwhy.➢AccordingtoRomanoff,theconvenienceoftextoremaillieinitscontrolledformofcommunicationwhileaphonecallismoreconvenientbec

auseofitsinstantaccess.16．Ifyouaregoingtoreconnectoldfriends,willyoutextthemorcallthemdirectly?Why?(Inabout40words)【

答案】13．Whenitcomestostrongersocialbonds,verbalcommunicationismoreusefulthantypingmessagesorsendingemails.14．Whe

npeopleconnectedwithanoldfriendbyphonetheydidnotactuallyfeelthatawkward.15．➢AccordingtoRomanoff,theconvenienceoftextoremaill

ieinitscontrolledformofcommunicationwhileaphonecallismoreconvenientbecauseofitsinstantaccess.AccordingtoRomanoff,theco

nvenienceoftextoremaillieinitscontrolledformofcommunicationwhileaphonecallismoreconvenientbecausethereisnoneedtothinkabouttheendlesspossibleme

aningsbehindwordsandpunctuations.16．IfIamgoingtoreconnectmyoldfriends,Iwillchoosetocallthemdirectly.Thereasonisthataphonecalli

smoreconvenient.Becauseitiseasytodeterminethetruemeaningbehindaconversationwithoutaneedtothinkabouttheendlesspos

siblemeaningsbehindwordsandpunctuations.【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究发现，研究表明，和发短信、发邮件等相比，打电话、视频等才是联络感情的更好的方式。13．【解析】考查细节理解。

根据第二段“Anewstudy,publishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology,foundthatcommunicationinteractionsthatincludedvoi

ce,likeaphonecallorvideochat,createdstrongersocialbondsthancommunicationthroughtyping,liketextmessagingoremail.(发表在《实验心

理学杂志》上的一项新研究发现，包括电话或视频聊天在内的语音交流互动，比文本信息或电子邮件等打字交流更能建立起更强的社会联系)”可知，研究发现，包含语音的交流互动比打字交流更能建立较强的社会联系。故答案为：Whenitcomestostrongersocia

lbonds,verbalcommunicationismoreusefulthantypingmessagesorsendingemails.14．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段“Althoughp

eopleanticipatedthataphonecallwouldbemoreawkward,hearingsomeone’svoiceactuallymadetheexperiencebetter.(虽然人

们预计打电话会更尴尬，但听到别人的声音实际上会让体验更好)”可知，当人们打电话和老朋友联系时，他们实际上感觉不是那么尴尬。故答案为：Whenpeopleconnectedwithanoldfriendbyphone

theydidnotactuallyfeelthatawkward.15．【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Romanoffsaysthatinreality,textingcanmakeithardtodetermi

nethetruemeaningbehindaconversation.“Aphonecallisactuallymoreconvenientwhenconsideringtheneteffectsofthemessage

”sheexplains.“Eachpartyismorepresent,andthereforeabletogaugethemeaningbehindthecontentwithoutthinkingabouttheendlesspossiblemeaning

sbehindwordsandpunctuations.”(罗曼诺夫说，在现实中，发短信会让人很难确定对话背后的真正含义。她解释说：“考虑到信息的净效应，打电话实际上更方便”。“每一方都更在场，因此能够衡量内容背后的含义，而不必考虑单词和标点符号背后无尽的可能含义。”)”可知

，打电话更方便的原因是不需要考虑单词和标点符号背后的可能含义。所以原句中的“becauseofitsinstantaccess”是错的。故答案为：➢AccordingtoRomanoff,thecon

venienceoftextoremaillieinitscontrolledformofcommunicationwhileaphonecallismoreconvenientbecauseofitsinst

antaccess.AccordingtoRomanoff,theconvenienceoftextoremaillieinitscontrolledformofcommunicationwhileaphonecallismoreconvenientbecausethereis

noneedtothinkabouttheendlesspossiblemeaningsbehindwordsandpunctuations.16．【解析】开放性题。考生言之有理则可，注意词数限制。参考答案为：IfIamgoingtoreconn

ectmyoldfriends,Iwillchoosetocallthemdirectly.Thereasonisthataphonecallismoreconvenient.Becauseitiseasytodeterminethetruemeaning

behindaconversationwithoutaneedtothinkabouttheendlesspossiblemeaningsbehindwordsandpunctuations.Passage7（2022·北京·人大附中三模）阅读下面短

文，根据题目要求回答问题。FormillionsofFacebookusers,choosingwhichphototouseforanonlineprofileisanimportantdecision.AccordingtoastudybyresearchersattheUTDallasCe

nter,thephotosweselectmayreflectindividualpreferences,buttheyalsoappeartoreflectmoredeeplyrooted,unconsciousculturaldifferences.Previousres

earchhasshownthatculturecanaffectnotonlylanguageandcustom,butalsohowweexperiencetheworldandprocessinformation

.Westerncultures,forexample,conditionpeopletothinkofthemselvesashighlyindependententities(实体),whereasEastAsianculturesst

resscollectivismandinterdependence.Dr.DenisePark,co-directoroftheCenteratUTDallas,andformergraduatestudentDr.Chih-MaoHuangoftheUniversityofIllino

is,werecuriousaboutwhetherthesepatternsofculturalinfluenceextendtocyberspace.InapaperpublishedintheInte

rnationalJournalofPsychology,theyexaminedtheprofilephotographsofmorethan500activeFacebookusersfromtheUnitedStatesandEastAsia.Overa

ll,theyfoundthatprofilephotosofAmericansaremorelikelytofocusontheindividual’sface,whiletheprofilesofEastAsianstendtoles

semphasizethefaceandincludemorebackgroundfeatures.AmericansalsoshowgreatersmileintensitycomparedtoEastAsianFacebookusers.Thefindingsshowm

arkedculturaldifferencesinthefocusofattentionamongEastAsianandAmericanFacebookusers.Moreover,theyechopreviousres

earchonculturalinfluencesonvisualperception(感知),attention,andreasoningintheofflineworld.“Webelievethesefindingsrelatetoaculturalbiastobemor

eindividualisticandindependentintheUSandmorecommunalandinterdependentinAsia,”saidPark.Theresearchalsofoundthatculturalinfluencesover

ourself-presentationonlinecanshiftovertimeandfromplacetoplace.Inoneofthestudysamples,AmericansstudyinginJapanandJapanesestudyingintheUnite

dStatesbothshowedatendencytoadjusttheirprofilephotostothegeneralpreferencesoftheirhostcountry.“Facebookconst

itutesanextendedsocialcontextinwhichpersonalprofilesmirrorvariousindividualcharacteristics,privatethoughts,andsocia

lbehaviors,”notedHuang.“Assuch,thestudypresentsanewapproachtoinvestigatecognitionandbehaviorsacrossculturesbyusingFacebookasadatacollectionplatfor

m.”17．Whatmayanonlineprofilephotoreflect?18．Accordingtotheresearch,howareAmericanandEastAsianFacebookusersdifferentinchoosingtheir

profilephotos?19．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Inoneofthestudysamples,America

nsstudyinginJapanshowedatendencytoadjusttheirprofilephotostothegeneralpreferencesofAmerica.20．Apartfromculturaldifferences,whatotherfactorsmighti

nfluenceone’schoiceofprofilephotoonsocialmedia?【答案】17．Itmayreflectindividualpreferencesandmoredeeplyrooted,unconsciousculturaldi

fferences.18．FacebookusersinAmericaaremorelikelytouseprofilephotosthatfocusontheirfaces,whilethephotosofEastAsianstend

tolessemphasizethefaceandincludemorebackgroundfeatures.AmericansalsoshowgreatersmileintensitycomparedtoEastAsianFacebo

okusers.19．Inoneofthestudysamples,AmericansstudyinginJapanshowedatendencytoadjusttheirprofilephotostothegeneralpreferencesof

America.AmericansstudyinginJapanshowedatendencytoadjusttheirprofilephotostothegeneralpreferencesoftheirhostcountrybecausethecultureoftheirhostco

untryhasaninfluenceontheirself-presentationonline.20．Ithinkapartfromculturaldifferences,ageandone’sworkingareamayaffecto

ne’schoiceofprofilephotosonsocialmedia.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了我们在社交媒体选择的照片作为自己的头像可能反映了个人偏好，但它们似乎也反映了更根深蒂固的、无意识的文化差异。17．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段“Accordingtoastudyb

yresearchersattheUTDallasCenter,thephotosweselectmayreflectindividualpreferences,buttheyalsoappeartoreflectmoredeeplyrootedunconscio

usculturaldifferences.(根据德克萨斯大学达拉斯中心研究人员的一项研究，我们选择的照片可能反映了个人偏好，但它们似乎也反映了更根深蒂固的、无意识的文化差异。)”可知，在线个人资料照片会反映出个人偏好和更加根深蒂固，无意识的文化差异。故答案为It

mayreflectindividualpreferencesandmoredeeplyrooted,unconsciousculturaldifferences。18．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段“Overall,the

yfoundthatprofilephotosofAmericansaremorelikelytofocusontheindividual’sface,whiletheprofilesofEastAsianstendtolessemphasizethefaceand

includemorebackgroundfeatures.AmericansalsoshowgreatersmileintensitycomparedtoEastAsianFacebookusers.(总的来说，他们发现美国人的头

像照片更倾向于关注个人的面部，而东亚人的头像往往不太强调面部，包含更多的背景特征。与东亚脸书用户相比，美国人的微笑程度也更高。)”可知，Facebook用户在美国的档案照片更有可能关注他们的脸，而东亚人的照片往往不太强调面部，包括更多的背景特征。与东亚脸书用户相比，美国人的微笑程度也更高。故

答案为FacebookusersinAmericaaremorelikelytouseprofilephotosthatfocusontheirfaces,whilethephotosofEastAsianstendtolessemphasizethefaceandin

cludemorebackgroundfeatures.AmericansalsoshowgreatersmileintensitycomparedtoEastAsianFacebookusers。19．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第五段“Theresearchalsofo

undthatculturalinfluencesoverourself-presentationonlinecanshiftovertimeandfromplacetoplace.Inoneofthestudysamples,AmericansstudyinginJa

panandJapanesestudyingintheUnitedStatesbothshowedatendencytoadjusttheirprofilephotostothegeneralpreferencesoftheirhostcountry.(研究

还发现，文化对我们在线自我表达的影响会随着时间和地点的变化而变化。在其中一个研究样本中，在日本留学的美国人和在美国留学的日本人都倾向于根据所在国的总体喜好来调整自己的头像。)”可知，在日本留学的美国人倾向于根据所在国的总体喜好来调整个人资料照片，因为所在国的文化会影响他们在网上的

自我表现。故答案为Inoneofthestudysamples,AmericansstudyinginJapanshowedatendencytoadjusttheirprofilephotostothegeneralpreferencesofAme

rica.AmericansstudyinginJapanshowedatendencytoadjusttheirprofilephotostothegeneralpreferencesoftheirhostcountrybecausethecultureoftheirhostcount

ryhasaninfluenceontheirself-presentationonline。20．【解析】开放性题目，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。参考答案：我认为除了文化差异之外，年龄和一个人的工作领域可能会

影响一个人在社交媒体上选择个人资料照片。故答案为Ithinkapartfromculturaldifferences,ageandone’sworkingareamayaffectone’schoiceofprofilephotosonsocialm

edia。Passage8（2022·北京东城·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Everyoneneedsit,butnoonewantstoaskforit.“Help”hasbecomeasortofdirtyword,implyingweaknessa

ndneediness,thatwecan’thandleourproblemsonourown.However,whetheritbeforyourphysical,mentaloracademichealth,gettingwordsofadviceorencouragementfroman

outsidesourcecanmakeallthedifference.Duringatimeofsuchuncertainty,thefrequencyofpeoplerequestinghelpforanxietyanddepressionhasincreased.Thec

urrentsituationhasmadepeoplerealizetheycan’tbealonewiththeirthoughts,andthataskingforhelpfromprofessionalsisthebestwaytogettheirp

roblemsofftheirchestsandtheirmindsontheroadtowellness.Still,requestinghelpcarriesasocietalweight.TheB

ritishPsychologySocietyfoundthattwotypesofstigmas(羞耻、耻辱)exist:publicstigmaandselfstigma.A“publicstigma”isexternal,acollectionofbeliefs

fromaroundus,whichholdsaheavyweightonourideasonseekinghelp.A“selfstigma”isinternal,assigningourselveslabelsbasedon

ourstateofmentalhealth,claimingweareworthlessandundeservingofhelp.“Public”and“self”stigmasgohandinhand,andwhenwehearthestigmasbeingvoice

dbythosearoundus,wetendtoapplythemtoourselvesbecauseofsocialinfluences,especiallythoseconcerningmentalhealth.Tobeourbetter

selves,wehavetobreakthestigmaaround“help”andacceptthefactthatsomeproblemsaretootoughtoovercomeonourown.Ifwefailtobreakthestigmaaroundthe

word“help”,weignoretheincreasinglymorerelevantnecessityofgettingourselvesassistanceintimesofneed.Despitewhatsocietymaytellus,it’snotoddorwrongt

ogethelp—it’sprobablyoneofthemostinsightfulandcourageousthingswecandoforourselves.Eachoneofusshouldbeabletoopenlyadmitthatweneedhelp,wh

etheritbeforproblemswefacewithschoolorforinternalizedstruggleswithmentalhealth.Sometimesweneedsupport,andthatisn’tbad—it’shealthy,andremarkablybrave.

21．Accordingtothepassage,whyis“help”considereda“dirtyword”?22．Whatisexplainedinparagraph3?23．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,then

underlineitandexplainwhy.●Breakingthestigmaaround“help”canincreaseourneedofseekinghelp.24．Whatdoyouthinkareso

meotherbenefitsofaskingforhelp?(Inabout40words)【答案】21．Becausesomepeoplethinkiftheyaskforhelp,itmeanstheyaretooweaktohandletheirownproblemsbythe

mselves.22．Thesecondparagraphismainlyaboutthesocialinfluencecontributingtothe“help”becomingadirtywor

dandintroducedtwotypesofstigmas:publicstigmaandselfstigma.23．Breakingthestigmaaround“help”canincreaseourneedofseekinghelp.Theunderlinedpart

iswrongbecausebreakingthestigmaaround“help”canimproveourselves.24．Itislikelythatifyoucanasksomebodyforhelp,youca

nmakeagoodfriendbecausethatmakestheotherfeeltheyareneededandtrusted,andalsoyoucanlearnalotduringtheprocess.【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了现在“帮助”一词竟然被污名化，意味着软弱无能

。21．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段““Help”hasbecomeasortofdirtyword,implyingweaknessandneediness,thatwecan’thandleourproblemsonourown.(“帮助”已经变成了一个肮脏的词，暗示着软弱

和需要，我们不能自己处理我们的问题)”可知，“help”被污名化，是因为人们认为自己需要别人帮助就意味着自己弱势，不能把自己的问题处理好。故答案为Becausesomepeoplethinkiftheyaskforhelp,itmeans

theyaretooweaktohandletheirownproblemsbythemselves.22．【解析】考查段落大意。根据第三段“Still,requestinghelpcarriesasoci

etalweight.TheBritishPsychologySocietyfoundthattwotypesofstigmas(羞耻、耻辱)exist:publicstigmaandselfstigma...(尽管

如此，寻求帮助还是有社会影响的。英国心理学会发现存在两种类型的污名:公众污名和自我污名……)”及后面对两种情况详细展开的介绍可知，本段主要讲述了心理学家发现两种类型的求助耻辱心理：公众污名和自我污名。

故答案为Thesecondparagraphismainlyaboutthesocialinfluencecontributingtothe“help”becomingadirtywordandintroducedtwotypesofst

igmas:publicstigmaandselfstigma.23．【解析】考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“Tobeourbetterselves,wehavetobreakthestigmaaround“help”andacceptthefactthatsomepro

blemsaretootoughtoovercomeonourown.(要成为更好的自己，我们必须打破围绕“帮助”的污名，并接受这样一个事实：有些问题很难靠我们自己克服)”可知，作者认为打破这个求助的耻辱感，才

可以接受事实，适当求助，完善提升自我，所以说“Breakingthestigmaaround“help”canincreaseourneedofseekinghelp.”意为：打破“帮助”的污名会增加我

们寻求帮助的需求，就会更多地去求助别人，这个说法是错误的。应改为Breakingthestigmaaround“help”canimproveourselves.故答案为Breakingthestigmaaround“help”canincreaseou

rneedofseekinghelp.Theunderlinedpartiswrongbecausebreakingthestigmaaround“help”canimproveourselves.24．【解析】开放题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。遇到困难自己解决不了，

向人求助有很多好处。例如，真心求助会使对方感到被需要，被信任而真心帮助，甚至会成为好朋友，求助者也会向对方学到很多知识。参考答案为Itislikelythatifyoucanasksomebodyforhelp,youcanmakeagoodfrie

ndbecausethatmakestheotherfeeltheyareneededandtrusted,andalsoyoucanlearnalotduringtheprocess.Passage9（2022·北京·北师大实验中学三模）阅读下面短文,根据题目要

求用英文回答问题。Don’tputyourelbows(肘)onthetable.Thesoupspoonshouldneverbeputintothemouth.Thesearesomeoftheexamplesoftablemanners.Theyshowth

ewaypeoplebehavewhileeatingameal.Actually,everyfamilyfollowstablemannersinitsownway.Eveninfamilieswherenoonementionselbows,therea

realwaysbehaviourstakingeffectwhensharingmeals.Interestingly,differentcultureshavedifferentthoughtsontablemanners-elbowson

thetable,forexample,isveryBritish.Somecountriesthinkburping(打嗝)afteramealisasignthatitwasdelicious.Whileitisimportanttokeepsilentwhile

eating,insomeareasitisactuallyasimportanttokeepupthetraditionofeatingatthetableasafamily,withconversationsandnomobilepho

nes.Tablemannersmattermuch.Theyareareflectionofyourcharacter.It’saboutrespectforothers.Whenyouarewithothersinasocialsetting,youwanttobeconsideratet

othosearoundyou.Tablemannersalsomeanyour“ticket”tosocialsuccess.Goodmannerswillopendoorsthatthebesteducationcannot.Fewwillwantan

ill-manneredpersonintheirworkplace,orsocialcircle,andthisisasrelevanttodayasitwashundredsofyearsago.Whi

leglobalizationhasledtotheintermixingofcultures,theessenceoftablemannersremains.“Iwasbroughtuptohavetablema

nners,”sayscelebratedchefTonyTan,whogrewupinMalaysia,eatingIndian,ChineseandMalaycuisineswithchopsticks,hands,spoonandfork.Tan,whowento

ntotrainasachefinParisandLondon,isanexpertinAsiancuisinesfromCantonesetoMalaysian,whichheteachesathisschoolincountryVictoria-buttheetiquette(

礼节),particularlyofhisChinesetradition,hasremained.Hesays,“You’vegottoinviteyourelderstostarteating,orsay,‘Wearenowea

ting’,sotheelderscansay,‘Goahead’.It’sasignofrespecttotheelderly.Whenpeopledon’tdothatanymore,theylackmannersandtheylackgoodupbringing.”25．Whataretab

lemanners?26．Whyaretablemannersimportant?27．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

>TonyTansaysthatitisimpoliteforyoungergenerationstostarteatingbeforetheeldersdoevenaftertheygetpermissionfromtheelders.28．Apartfromtherule

smentionedinthepassage,whatothertablemannersdoyouhaveinyourhome?（Inabout40words）【答案】25．Tablemannersareth

ewaypeoplebehavewhileeatingameal.26．Becausetablemannerscanreflectpeople’scharacter,suchasbeingrespectfulandconsi

deratetoothers,andtheycanalsoleadpeopletosocialsuccess.27．TonyTansaysthatitisimpoliteforyoungergenerationstostart

eatingbeforetheeldersdoevenafterthegetpermissionfromtheelders.Accordingtothepassage,iftheirelderssay“Goahead”,youngergen

erationscanstarteatingbeforetheeldersdo.Soitisacceptableforthemtostarteatingwiththepermissionfromtheelderly.28．Inmyho

me,whenyouwantsomethingatdinner,don’tpointatitwithyourchopsticks,anddon’tspeaknoisilyeither.Pleaseuseaspoonforsoup.Whenyoufinishthedinner,and

someoneisstilleating,don’tleavethetable.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了餐桌礼仪及其重要性。25．【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Theyshowthewaypeoplebehavewhileeatingameal.(它们展示了人

们吃饭时的行为方式。)”可知，餐桌礼仪是人们吃饭时的行为方式。故答案为Tablemannersarethewaypeoplebehavewhileeatingameal.26．v考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Tablemannersmattermuch.Theyareareflec

tionofyourcharacter.It’saboutrespectforothers.Whenyouarewithothersinasocialsetting,youwanttobeconsideratetothosearound

you.Tablemannersalsomeanyour“ticket”tosocialsuccess.(餐桌礼仪很重要。它们是你性格的反映。这是对他人的尊重。当你和别人在一个社会环境中，你想要体谅你周围的人。餐桌礼仪也意味着你获得社交成功的“门票”。)”可知，餐桌礼仪很

重要，因为餐桌礼仪可以反映出人的性格，比如尊重和体贴他人，他们也可以导致人们的社会成功。故答案为Becausetablemannerscanreflectpeople’scharacter,suchasbeingrespectfulandconsideratetoothers,

andtheycanalsoleadpeopletosocialsuccess.27．【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“Hesays,“You’vegottoinviteyourelderstostarteating,orsay,‘Wearenoweating’,

sotheelderscansay,‘Goahead’.It’sasignofrespecttotheelderly.(他说：“你必须邀请你的长辈开始吃饭，或者说，‘我们正在吃饭’，这样长辈就会说，‘开始吧’。”这是对老人的尊重。)”可知，如果他们的长辈说“开始吧”，年轻

一代可以在长辈之前开始吃东西。所以他们在得到老人的允许后开始吃东西是可以接受的。故答案为>TonyTansaysthatitisimpoliteforyoungergenerationstostarteatingbeforetheelder

sdoevenafterthegetpermissionfromtheelders.Accordingtothepassage,iftheirelderssay“Goahead”,youngergenerationscanstarteatingbeforetheeldersd

o.Soitisacceptableforthemtostarteatingwiththepermissionfromtheelderly.28．【解析】开放题。要求考生陈述自己家中的餐桌礼仪，考生言之有理即可。参考答案为Inmyhome,whenyouwantsomethingatdinner,

don’tpointatitwithyourchopsticks,anddon’tspeaknoisilyeither.Pleaseuseaspoonforsoup.Whenyoufinishthedinner,andsomeoneisstilleating,don’tleavethetable.

Passage10（2022·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Mathcausesanxietyinkids,whichcanlastfarintoadultho

od.Thisisworsenedbythepressureofknowingthatmathisthegatekeepertoscienceandtechnologythatdrivemuchofoursociety.Ironically,thiswell-k

nownfeatureofmathematicsisitsgreatestweakness.Whenourkidsaskwhytheyneedtoknowalgebra,wepromisethemtha

titwillbeuseful.Dowelistentojazzbecauseitisuseful?Humanslikethepractical,butwealsoknowthatthereismuchmoretolife.AsAristotlesaid,knowledge

beginswithwonder,butwhatwonderisthereinalgebraorcalculus?Asitturnsout,notmuch.Yettheyformthecornerstoneoftoday

’smatheducation.Nowondermathcreatesboredom.Happily,unlockingthepleasureofmathissimple:Dowhatmathematiciansdoandseekoutunexplored,unknown,undisc

overedmath.Regrettably,themathematicaljourneyisimaginedasaterrifyingmountain:Thewidebaseisarithmetic,accessibletoeveryone.Climbinghigher

bringsustoalgebra,geometry,andeventuallycalculusandbeyond.Webelievethatnewmathideashavebeennearlyexhausted.Inrea

lity,mathisaliveandstilladvancing,andmostofitremainsavastandunchartedcountryside.Freshideasareconstantlybeingdi

scovered,openingupnewandfascinatingpuzzles.Thesepuzzlesallowustoplayattheveryedgeofthemathematicalunknown,andmanyofthemareaccessib

leforourstudents.Here’sone:Caneveryevennumberbewrittenasasumoftwoprimenumbers?Evennumberssuchas8and30canbewrittenas3+5and7+23.Butc

anthisbedoneforeveryevennumber?Nooneknows.Asourkidstrytosolvethiskindofproblems,adeeplyencouragingtruthwillappearintheirotherwiseanxioushea

rts:It’sOKtostrugglewithmathsinceeveryonestruggleswithmath.Theseunsolvedpuzzlesarethegreatequalizers,helpi

ngusrealizethatweareonthesamelevelasthegreatestofmathematicians,allofusstaringovertheunknownabyss,lookingforawaydownintothemystery.29．Whatist

hewell-knownfeatureofmathematics?30．Whydoesmathcauseboredom?31．Decidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementiswrong.Underlineitandexplainwhy.Theauthorbe

lievesmathisaccessibleforstudentsbutthatnewmathideashavebeennearlyexhausted.32．Whatelsedoyouthinkcanmakemathfun?(Inabout40words)【答案

】29．Mathisthegatekeepertoscienceandtechnologythatdrivemuchofoursociety.30．Althoughmathisconsideredveryimportant,ithardlyleadslearnerstowonder.31．●

Theauthorbelievesmathisaccessibleforstudentsbutthatnewmathideashavebeennearlyexhausted.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorbelievesmathisaccessiblefo

rstudentsandthatfreshideasareconstantlybeingdiscovered.32．Workinginateamcanmakemathfunbecausebothoftheteamspritcanbeins

piredandcultivated.Besides,theprogressoffiguringoutamathproblemcanbringasenseofachievement,thusmotivatingusto

enjoythemath.【导语】这是一篇说明文。数学会给孩子带来焦虑，这种焦虑会一直持续到成年。数学是推动我们社会发展的科学和技术的看门人，这种认识带来的压力使情况变得更糟。文章主要论述了数学的作用以

及学习数学的乐趣。29．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Thisisworsenedbythepressureofknowingthatmathisthegatekeepertoscienceandtechnol

ogythatdrivemuchofoursociety.(数学是推动我们社会发展的科学和技术的看门人，这种认识带来的压力使情况变得更糟)”可知，数学的著名特征是数学是推动我们社会发展的科学技术的看门人。故答案为Mathisthegatek

eepertoscienceandtechnologythatdrivemuchofoursociety.30．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Humanslikethepractical,butweals

oknowthatthereismuchmoretolife.AsAristotlesaid,knowledgebeginswithwonder,butwhatwonderisthereinalgebraorcalculus?Asitturnsout,notmu

ch.Yettheyformthecornerstoneoftoday’smatheducation.Nowondermathcreatesboredom.(人类喜欢实用，但我们也知道生活远不止这些。正如亚里士多德所说，知识始于好奇，但

在代数或微积分中有什么好奇呢？事实证明，并不是很多。然而，它们构成了当今数学教育的基石。难怪数学让人感到无聊)”可知，数学会让人感到无聊是因为虽然数学被认为非常重要，但它几乎不会让学习者去思考。故答案为Although

mathisconsideredveryimportant,ithardlyleadslearnerstowonder.31．【解析】考查细节理解。根据倒数第四段“Inreality,mathisalive

andstilladvancing,andmostofitremainsavastandunchartedcountryside.Freshideasareconstantlybeingdiscover

ed,openingupnewandfascinatingpuzzles.Thesepuzzlesallowustoplayattheveryedgeofthemathematicalunknown,andma

nyofthemareaccessibleforourstudents.(事实上，数学是存在的，而且还在不断进步，它的大部分仍然是一个广阔而未知的乡村。新鲜的想法不断被发现，打开新的和迷人的谜题。这些谜题让我们能够在数学未知的边缘进行游戏，其

中许多谜题对我们的学生来说是可以理解的)”可知，根据这篇文章，作者认为数学对学生来说是容易理解的，新鲜的想法不断被发现。故“butthatnewmathideashavebeennearlyexhausted”部分错误。故答案为●Theauthorbelievesmathisaccessi

bleforstudentsbutthatnewmathideashavebeennearlyexhausted.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorbelievesmathisaccessiblefor

studentsandthatfreshideasareconstantlybeingdiscovered.32．【解析】开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：你认为还有什么能让数学变得有趣？可回答：在团队中工作可以使数学变得有趣，因为双方的团队精

神都可以得到启发和培养。此外，解决数学问题的过程可以带来成就感，从而激发我们去享受数学。故答案为Workinginateamcanmakemathfunbecausebothoftheteamspritcanbeinspiredandcultivated.Besides,theprogr

essoffiguringoutamathproblemcanbringasenseofachievement,thusmotivatingustoenjoythemath.Passage11（2022·北京海淀·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。F

ormanystudents,havingclassesonlinemakesthemeasilydistracted.Theyfacechallengeswhenlearningonline.Amainsourceofdistractionisdigitaltechnology.While

electronicdevicesarerequiredforonlinelearning,theyeasilystealattentionforlongperiodsoftime.Moststudentswill

holdtheirphonesorleavethemontheirdeskswhilestudying.Thereisnodoubtthatduringthistimeatextmessagefromafriendcanstartaconv

ersationthatresultsintotallyignoringanassignment.Studentsmightopennewtabstowatchafunvideoorscrollthroughsocialmediathreads.Toovercom

ethischallenge,studentsareencouragedtoputalldevicesoutofsightwhileworkingandbuildasolidtimetable.Inadditio

ntoelectronicdevices,backgroundnoisescanbeahugeobstaclewhenitcomestoonlinelearning.Infact,sittinginasilentenvironmentoftenemph

asizesbackgroundnoisesevenmore.Television,familymembers,petsrunninginthehouse,orsiblingslisteningtoloudmusiccanallbes

ourcesofinterruption.Evenweathercanbeadistraction!Imagineastrongwindblowingthroughthetreesoraloudthunderstormwithrain.Allthesenoises

canendupdisruptingstudentsandaffectingtheirstudy.Apairofheadphonescanminimizenoiseandhelpstudentsstayontask.Indeed,wh

ereandhowwestudycanbeasourceofdistractionaswell.Somestudentswearcomfortablepajamaswhilelyingontheirbedswithlaptopstowatchclasslectures.Thiscanbeapr

oblemforconcentrationbecausehumansmentallyassociatethebedwithresting.Likewise,kitchensraiseevenmoreproblems!Thinkingaboutfood

frequentlycandisturbstudyingorcauseastudenttomisspartoftheclass.Thisproblemcanbesolvedbytryingtoslowlytrainthebraintoseparates

chooltimefromrestingandeatingtime.Also,astudentcangrabalightsnackbeforeclassstartsorevenbeforestartinganassignment.Differentstuden

tsfacedifferentchallengesathome.Studentsneedtofigureoutwaystoensuretheystayontracktoachievetheiracademicgoals.33．Accor

dingtothepassage,whatcanstudentsdotoovercomedistractionscausedbydigitaltechnologywhilelearningonline?34．Whydokitchensraiseproble

msforstudentsstudyingathome?35．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplain

why.Toavoidbeingdisturbedbybackgroundnoises,studentscouldsitinasilentenvironmentorwearapairofheadphones.36．Pleasebrieflyintroducehowon

linelearningbenefitsyou.(Inabout40words)【答案】33．Theycanputalldevicesoutofsightwhilestudyingandbuildasolidtim

etable.34．Becausethinkingaboutfoodfrequentlycandisturbstudyingorcausethemtomisspartoftheclass.35．Toavoidbein

gdisturbedbybackgroundnoises,studentscouldsitinasilentenvironmentorwearapairofheadphones.Accordingtothepassage,sittinginasilent

environmentoftenemphasizesbackgroundnoisesevenmore.36．Withonlinelearning,Ienjoymoreflexibilityinrearrangi

ngcoursesandcompletingtasks.Italsoallowsmetolearnatmyownpace.Forinstance,IcanstartandpausethevideowhenitsuitsmetoensurethatI’ve

reallymasteredthematerial.【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了导致许多学生在线学习时分心的原因。33．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段“Toovercomethischallen

ge,studentsareencouragedtoputalldevicesoutofsightwhileworkingandbuildasolidtimetable.(为了克服这一挑战，学生们被鼓励在学习时将所有设备放在看不

见的地方，并制定一个可靠的时间表。)”可知，学生在线学习时，可以把所有设备都放在视线之外，并制定一个可靠的时间表，以克服数码技术造成的分心。故答案为Theycanputalldevicesoutofsightwh

ilestudyingandbuildasolidtimetable.34．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段“Likewise,kitchensraiseevenmoreproblems!Thinkingabout

foodfrequentlycandisturbstudyingorcauseastudenttomisspartoftheclass.(同样，厨房也会带来更多的问题！经常想着食物可能会干扰学习或导致学生错过部分课程。)”可知，厨房会给在家里学习的学生带来

问题，因为经常想着食物会干扰学习或导致他们错过部分课程。故答案为Becausethinkingaboutfoodfrequentlycandisturbstudyingorcausethemtomisspartoftheclass.35．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段“

Inadditiontoelectronicdevices,backgroundnoisescanbeahugeobstaclewhenitcomestoonlinelearning.Infact,sitting

inasilentenvironmentoftenemphasizesbackgroundnoisesevenmore.(除了电子设备之外，背景噪音也是在线学习的巨大障碍。事实上，坐在静默环境中往往更突出背景噪音。)”可知，静默环境会更突出背景噪音，所以为了

避免受到背景噪音的影响，学生们不能坐在静默环境中。故答案为Toavoidbeingdisturbedbybackgroundnoises,studentscouldsitinasilentenvironmentorwearapairofheadphones.Accordingt

othepassage,sittinginasilentenvironmentoftenemphasizesbackgroundnoisesevenmore.36．【解析】开放性题目。通过在线学习，我可以更灵活地重新安排课程和完成任务。它也让我能够按照

自己的节奏学习。例如，我可以在合适的时候启动和暂停视频，以确保我真正掌握了材料。故答案为Withonlinelearning,Ienjoymoreflexibilityinrearrangingcours

esandcompletingtasks.Italsoallowsmetolearnatmyownpace.Forinstance,IcanstartandpausethevideowhenitsuitsmetoensurethatI’vereallymasteredthemate

rial.Passage12（2022·北京朝阳·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。HowtoWorkOutYourWorriesbyWritingAnextensivebo

dyofresearchshowsbenefitstowritingaboutatraumaticexperienceordifficultsituationinamannerthatpsychologist

srefertoas“expressivewriting.”Peoplewhodothis,recordingtheirdeepestthoughtsandfeelings,oftenshowimprovedmentalandphysi

calhealth.Expressivewritingisdifferentfromwritinginajournal.Theideaistoreflecthonestlyandthoughtfullyonaparticulartraumaorchalle

nge.Recognizingthatsomethingisbotheringyouisanimportantfirststep.Translatingthatexperienceintolanguageforcesyoutoorganiz

eyourthoughts.Andcreatingastoryorexplanationgivesyouasenseofcontrol.Butthereareafewlimitations.Forpsychiatrists,expressivewritingisn’tamagicalcure-a

ll,soitshouldn’tbeusedasareplacementforothertreatments.Andpeoplecopingwithaseveretraumaordepressionmayno

tfinditusefultodoontheirown,withouttherapy.Yetitcanbeapowerfulcopingtoolformany,inlargepartbecauseithelpscombatthefeelingsthatpeopleoften

keepassecretaboutatrauma,aswellastheirreluctancetofaceemotions.“Themoreyouavoidaproblem,themoretroubleyouwillhavewithit,becauseyoucreateacircleofan

xietyandworries,andincreasingnegativeemotions,”saysBrianMarx,PhD,aprofessorofpsychiatryattheBostonUniversitySchoo

lofMedicine.Whywrite?Thinkingortalkingaboutaneventcanleadtoreflecting,whereyoubecomelostinyouremotions.Butwritingf

orcesyoutoslowdown.Themereactoflabelingafeeling—ofputtingwordstoanemotion—canreducetheneuralactivityinthethreatareaofthebrain,saysAnnetteStanton,PhD,

distinguishedprofessorandchairofthedepartmentofpsychologyatUCLA．Stanton’sresearchsuggeststhatexpressivewriting

canleadtolowerdepressivesymptoms,greaterpositivemood,andanenhancedappreciationforlife.“Writingcanincreasesomeone’saccept

anceoftheirexperience,andacceptanceiscalming,”shesays.Whatifyoudon’tconsideryourself“awriter”?Don’tworr

yaboutspellingorgrammar,anddon’tshareyourwritingwithanyone.Butdodigdeepintoyourthoughtsandfeelings.Thegoal

oftheexerciseistofindmeaninginanunsettlingevent.37．Howisexpressivewritingdifferentfromwritinginajournal?38．Whatarethelimitationsofexpressivewr

iting?39．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.▶Expressivewritinghasacalmingeffectbecauseitcanh

elppeopletogetridofdepression,appreciatelifemoreandaccepttheirexperience.40．Whatisyourownwaytoworkoutyourworries?A

ndwhy？(Inabout40words)【答案】37．Expressivewritingisdifferentfromwritinginajournalinthatitistoreflecthonestlyandthoughtfullyonaparticulartraumaorc

hallenge.38．Expressivewritingcan’tcureallmentalproblemsandisnotusefulforpeoplecopingwithaseveretraumaordepression.39．Expressivewritinghasaca

lmingeffectbecauseitcanhelppeopletogetridofdepression,appreciatelifemoreandaccepttheirexperience.Acco

rdingtothepassage,expressivewritingcanhelppeoplefeellessdepressed,butcan’tgetridofdepression.40．言之有理即可【导语】本文

为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的写作方式“表达性写作”，用这种写作方式来写创伤经历或困境对人是有好处的。37．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段“Expressivewritingisdifferentfromwritinginajournal.Theid

eaistoreflecthonestlyandthoughtfullyonaparticulartraumaorchallenge.(表达性写作不同于写日记。这个想法是为了诚实和深思熟虑地反思一个特定的创伤或挑战。)”

可知，表达性写作不是单纯的记录一件事。故答案为Expressivewritingisdifferentfromwritinginajournalinthatitistoreflecthonestlyandthoughtfullyonaparticulartraumaorchalle

nge.38．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段“Butthereareafewlimitations.Forpsychiatrists,expressivewritingisn’tamagicalcure-all,soitshoul

dn’tbeusedasareplacementforothertreatments.Andpeoplecopingwithaseveretraumaordepressionmaynotfinditusefultodoontheirown,wi

thouttherapy.(但也有一些限制。对于精神科医生来说，表达性写作并不是灵丹妙药，所以它不应该被用来替代其他治疗方法。而那些正在应对严重创伤或抑郁症的人可能会发现，如果不接受治疗，仅靠自己是没有用的。)

”可知，表达性写作的缺陷是不能治愈所有精神上的问题，对于严重创伤或抑郁症患者，并没有作用。故答案为Expressivewritingcan’tcureallmentalproblemsandisnotusefulforpeopl

ecopingwithaseveretraumaordepression.39．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段“Stanton’sresearchsuggeststhatexpressivewritin

gcanleadtolowerdepressivesymptoms,greaterpositivemood,andanenhancedappreciationforlife.“Writingcanincreasesome

one’sacceptanceoftheirexperience,andacceptanceiscalming,”shesays.(斯坦顿的研究表明，表达性写作可以降低抑郁症状，增强积极情绪，增强对生活的感恩。她说：“写作可以提高人们对自己经历的接受度，而接受会让人平静下来。”)”可知，表达性

写作可以降低抑郁症状，而不是消除抑郁。所以原句中的togetridofdepression是错的。故答案为Expressivewritinghasacalmingeffectbecauseitcanhelppeopletogetridofde

pression,appreciatelifemoreandaccepttheirexperience.Accordingtothepassage,expressivewritingcanhelppeoplefeellessdepressed,butcan’tgetridofdepression

.40．【解析】开放题。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为WhenIfeelworried,Ialwayslistentosomerelaxingmusic,watchamusingfilmsorgohikinginmysparetime.Be

causethesecanhelpmefeelrelaxedandmakemeforgetmyworries.Passage13（2022·北京丰台·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Formany,

theaterismorethanentertainment;itisavitalwaytobuildpsychologicalskills-especiallyempathy,orourabilitytoshare,unders

tandandcareaboutothers’emotions.Researchfoundthatafterwatchingtheater,audienceexpressedmoreempathyforthecharactersonstage.Theplaysalsochangedbeh

avior.Researchersgaveaudiencememberstheoptiontodonatesomeoftheirpaymenttocharity.Afterseeingtheplays,audiencemembersdonated

moremoneytocharity-whetherornotthecharitywasrelatedtothetopicsintheplays.Whydoeslivetheaterhavetheseeffects?Sittinginth

edarkwatchingaplaycanmakeusforgetourownworriesandtransportusintothelifeandmindofadifferentperson.Wefoundthatthemo

repeoplereportedfeeling“immersed”or“lost”intheplay,themoretheirbeliefsandbehaviorswerechangedbyit.Aclas

sicfindinginsocialpsychologyisthatrepeated,positiveencounterswithpeopleunlikeourselvescanbuildempathy.Manyo

fushavetoofewexperiences-ortoolittleinterest-increatingsuchencounters.Theatersprovidethechancetoseetheexperiencesofpeoplew

hodifferfromusinenvironmentsunlikeourown.Theartsareessentialtohumanflourishing(繁荣).Aswemovebeyondthepandemic,wewillneedtofocusonhealingcollectivelyan

dconnectingbetter.Providinggreateraccesstothearts-andusingthemtosharestoriesacrossculturalandsocialdifference-willbea

nimportantpartofthispathtorecovery.41．Whatisempathy?42．Accordingtotheresearch,whateffectsdidlivetheaterhaveonaudience?43．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfals

einthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Theatercanbuildempathybecauseitoffersusencounterst

hatremindusofourpastexperiences.44．Besideswatchinglivetheater.whatotherway(s)canhelptobuildempathy?(Inabout40words)【答案】41．Emp

athyisourabilitytoshare,understandandcareaboutothers’emotions.42．Livetheaterenabledaudiencetoexpressmoreempathyforthecharactersonstageandchangeth

eirbehavior.43．Theatercanbuildempathybecauseitoffersusencountersthatremindusofourpastexperiences.Theatercanbuildempathybecause

itoffersusencountersthathelpusseedifferentexperiences.44．言之有理即可。【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了戏剧对于人类而言，不仅仅是娱乐，而且也是人们建立心理技能的重要途径，

因为戏剧能让人产生同理心。41．【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“itisavitalwaytobuildpsychologicalskills-especiallyempathy,orourabilitytoshare,understandandcareaboutothers’em

otions.(这是建立心理技能的重要途径——尤其是同理心，即我们分享、理解和关心他人情绪的能力。)”可知，同理心是我们分享、理解和关心他人情绪的能力。故答案为Empathyisourabilitytoshare,understandandcareaboutothers’emo

tions.42．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段“Sittinginthedarkwatchingaplaycanmakeusforgetourownworriesandtransportusintothelifeandmindofad

ifferentperson.Wefoundthatthemorepeoplereportedfeeling“immersed”or“lost”intheplay,themoretheirbeliefsandbehaviors

werechangedbyit.(坐在黑暗中看戏剧可以让我们忘记自己的烦恼，把我们带入另一个人的生活和思想。我们发现，人越“沉浸”或“迷失”与戏剧，他们的信念和行为就越会被改变。)”可知，在观看现场演出时，人们会更容易忘记自己的烦恼而沉浸到角色的感情中，最终改

变自己的行为。故答案为Livetheaterenabledaudiencetoexpressmoreempathyforthecharactersonstageandchangetheirbehavior。43．【解析】考查推理判断。

根据第四段“Aclassicfindinginsocialpsychologyisthatrepeated,positiveencounterswithpeopleunlikeourselvescanbuildempathy.Manyofushavetoofewex

periences-ortoolittleinterest-increatingsuchencounters.Theatersprovidethechancetoseetheexperiencesof

peoplewhodifferfromusinenvironmentsunlikeourown.(社会心理学的一个经典发现是，与和自己不同的人反复积极地接触可以建立同理心。我们中的许多人在创造这样的邂逅方面经验太少——或者兴趣太少。戏剧提供

了一个机会，让我们在不同的环境中看到与我们不同的人的经历。)”可知，戏剧能建立同理心的原因不是让我们想起以前的经历，而是戏剧给我们一些邂逅能够去体验不同的经历。所以原句中“remindusofourpastexperiences.(提醒我们过去的

经历。)”是错的，故答案为Theatercanbuildempathybecauseitoffersusencountersthatremindusofourpastexperiences.Theatercanbuildempathybecauseito

ffersusencountersthathelpusseedifferentexperiences.44．【解析】开放题。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为Beingonthestagecanbuiltempathyaswel

l.Forinstance,takingactingclassedcanimprovestudents’empathy.Thesameistrueforexperiencingmoresolitaryartforms,suchasr

eading.Evenreading“HarryPotter”hadbeenshowntoreduceprejudicetowardstigmatizedgroupsinchildren.Oryoucanexpandyourempathyath

omebypickingupanovel.Passage14（2022·北京通州·一模）阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清楚。LiberalArts’HiddenValueIfyouhavetopickon

e,whodoyouthinkmadegreatercontributionstotheworld:physicistIsaacNewtonorphilosopherAristotle?Chancesarethatyo

u’dfindithardtomakeadecision.Butwhenchoosingamajorincollege,thelinebetweenthetwoareascouldn’tbeclearer.Scie

ncemajors,suchastechnology,engineering,math,areconsideredtobemorepracticalchoicesbecauseofthewealthofopportunities,while

thosewhochoosealiberalarts(文科)major—language,music,philosophy—mayhavemoredifficultyfindingajob.Butperhapswes

houldlookatliberalartsstudiesinanotherwaytounderstanditsvalue.InthedocumentaryCivilizations,forexample,presenters(主持人)take

usto31countriestoappreciatehumancreativity,suchastheGreatWallandthePyramids.ToSimonSchama,oneofthepresenters,humancivilizationisn’tjustabo

uttechnology,butaboutliberalartsorcreatingthingstoleaveaperson’smarkoftheirexistenceforfuturehumanstowitnessandadmire.Bycomparin

gscienceandliberalarts,we’redrawing“anartificialline”betweenthetwo,saidLorettaJackson,anassociateprofessoratRhodesCollegeinMemphis,US.Andtosomeof

thegreatestinnovators(革新者)inhistory,thislineneverexisted.LeonardodaVinci,forexample,wasanoutstandingscientistandpaint

er.Hewassointerestedinbiologyandanatomy(解剖学)thathedrewthefamousVitruvianMan,whichperfectlyshowsproportions(比例)ofth

ehumanbody.Thenthere’sSteveJobs,whoisanengineerandalsoanartist.Hesummarizedtherelationshipbetweenscienceandarts:

“It’sinApple’sDNAthattechnologyaloneisnotenough—it’stechnologymarriedwithliberalartsthatbringsuswhatmakesourhear

tsing.”45．Whyissciencemoreattractivewhenstudentschooseamajorincollege?46．AccordingtoSimonSchama,whatisthevalueofliberal

artsinhumancivilization?47．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.►SteveJobsconclud

edthattechnologycontributedtoApple’ssuccess,butliberalartsplayedamoreimportantrole.48．Whatmajorwillyouchooseincollege?Explai

nyourreasons.(Inabout40words)【答案】45．Becauseitoffersmanyopportunities.46．Thevalueofliberalartsinhumancivilizationliesinthefactthatitleavesa

person’smarkoftheirexistenceforfuturehumanstowitnessandadmire.47．SteveJobsconcludedthattechnologycontributedtoApple’ssucces

s,butliberalartsplayedamoreimportantrole.48．Iwillchoosesciencemajorsincollege,becauseitoffersmanyopportunitiesandenablesmetofindagoodjobafterg

raduation.IfIchooseliberalartsmajors,itispossiblethatIwon’tfindjobs.【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是人文学科的潜在价值。45．【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Sc

iencemajors,suchastechnology,engineering,math,areconsideredtobemorepracticalchoicesbecauseofthewealthofopportunities(科学专业，如技术、工程、数学，被认为是更

实际的选择，因为机会丰富)”可知，学生在大学选择专业时，科学更有吸引力是因为它提供了很多机会，即Becauseitoffersmanyopportunities。故答案为Becauseitoffersmanyopportunities。46．【解析】

细节理解题。根据第三段的“ToSimonSchama,oneofthepresenters,humancivilizationisn’tjustabouttechnology,butaboutlibera

lartsorcreatingthingstoleaveaperson’smarkoftheirexistenceforfuturehumanstowitnessandadmire.(对主持人之一SimonSchama来说，人类文明

不仅与技术有关，还与人文艺术或创造东西有关，这些东西能留下一个人的存在印记，供未来的人类见证和欣赏)”可知，西蒙·沙玛认为，人文学科在人类文明中的价值是这些东西能留下一个人的存在印记，供未来的人类见证和欣赏，答案为

“Thevalueofliberalartsinhumancivilizationliesinthefactthatitleavesaperson’smarkoftheirexistenceforfuturehumanstowitnessandadmire”，故答案为Thevalue

ofliberalartsinhumancivilizationliesinthefactthatitleavesaperson’smarkoftheirexistenceforfuturehumanstowitnessandadmire。47．【解

析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It’sinApple’sDNAthattechnologyaloneisnotenough—it’stechnologymarriedwithliberalartsthatbringsuswhatmakesourheartsing.(在苹果的DNA中，只有技术是不

够的，只有技术与人文艺术结合，才能让我们的心歌唱)”可知，SteveJobs的意思是技术和人文艺术要结合，而没有说谁比谁更重要，因此错误的部分是“playedamoreimportantrole”。故答案为SteveJobsc

oncludedthattechnologycontributedtoApple’ssuccess,butliberalartsplayedamoreimportantrole。48．【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Sciencemajors,suchas

technology,engineering,math,areconsideredtobemorepracticalchoicesbecauseofthewealthofopportunities,wh

ilethosewhochoosealiberalarts(文科)major—language,music,philosophy—mayhavemoredifficultyfindingajob.(科学专业，如技术、工程、数学，被认为是更实际的选择，因为机会丰富，而那些选择文科专

业(语言、音乐、哲学)的人可能更难找到工作)”及个人想法可知，在大学我会选择科学专业，因为它提供了很多机会，能让我在毕业后找到一份好工作。如果我选择文科专业，有可能找不到工作，故答案为Iwillchoosesciencemajorsincollege,becauseitoffersmanyopp

ortunitiesandenablesmetofindagoodjobaftergraduation.IfIchooseliberalartsmajors,itispossiblethatIwon’tfindjobs。Passage15（2

022·北京·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。TheChinesecapital,thefirstcityintheworldtohostthesummerandthewinterOlympicGames,hascomeupwith

innovativehigh-techstandardsforBeijing2022,deliveringChina’spromisetoholda“simple,safeandsplendid”event.AstheWinterOlympicGamescontinueinChina

,someofthedifferenttechnologiesarebeingusedinBeijing.JournalistsreportingontheWinterOlympicsareofferedthechancetosleeponthej

obthankstothehigh-techcabins(房舱)attheBeijingmediacentre.The20sleeprestcabinsweredevelopedbyChina’sKeesonTechnologyCorp,and

withasimplescanoftheirphones,journalistscanusethemforpowernapsforuptoanhour.Thespaciouscabinsareequippedwi

ththesametypeofbedsprovidedfortheathletes.Thesmartbedswithsensorscancollectinformationonthingslikebreathingandheartrates.Users

canadjustthepositionofthebeds,whichhaveamassagesetting,byusingaremotecontrolortheirphone.Thebedsalsohavecontrolstopermitus

erstochoosedifferentsleepingpositions,includingonecalled“zerogravity”,whichisespeciallydesignedfortheBeijingWinterGames.Raisingthehead15degreesandleg

sby35degreesisbeneficialforbloodcirculationandabletohelptheuserstorelievestressandgetagoodnightsleep.Sofar,thi

rtytofortypeopleadayhaveusedthecabinsattheBeijingmediacentre.Thecabinsarefullycleanedaftereachuse.Thesleeprestcabinsarejustoneofanumbero

finnovationsattheGames.ThecityhasgonetogreatlengthstomaketheWinterOlympicsasmartsportsexperience.49．Acc

ordingtothepassage,whathigh-techequipmentisprovidedtojournalistsattheBeijingmediacentre?50．Howdoyouunderstandtheunderl

inedpart"powernaps"inthesecondparagraph?51．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexpl

ainwhy.Thesmartbedshavemanyfunctions,suchastreatingbreathingandheartdiseases,providingmassagesettingandpermittingzerogravitysleepingposition.52．T

herearemanyotherhigh-techproductsusedinourdailylife.Pleaseintroduceanotherhigh-techproduct.(Inabout40words)【答案】49．Thehigh-techcab

ins.50．Ashortrelaxingsleepthatmakesusersrelievestress.51．Thesmartbedshavemanyfunctions,suchastreatingbreathingandheartd

iseases,providingmassagesettingandpermittingzerogravitysleepingposition.Becausethesmartbedswithsensorscan

collectinformationonthingslikebreathingandheartrates.52．Iwanttointroducesweepingrobotstoyou.Sweepingrob

otsplayaroleinourdailylife.Theycanhelpustosweepthefloorcleanlyandchargeautomatically,whichsaveourtimeandenergy.【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍北

京冬奥会上高科技房舱及智能床。49．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段“JournalistsreportingontheWinterOlympicsareofferedthechancetosleeponthejobth

ankstothehigh-techcabins(房舱)attheBeijingmediacentre.(报道冬奥会的记者们有机会在工作中睡觉，这要归功于北京媒体中心的高科技舱房。)”可知，北京媒体中心为记者们提供了高科技舱房。故答案为Thehigh-techcabins.。50．【解析

】考查词句猜测。根据第二段“JournalistsreportingontheWinterOlympicsareofferedthechancetosleeponthejobthankstothehigh-techcabins(房舱)attheBeijingmediacen

tre.(报道冬奥会的记者们有机会在工作中睡觉，这要归功于北京媒体中心的高科技舱房。)”及“foruptoanhour(长达一个小时)”及第三段“Raisingthehead15degreesandlegsby35degreesisbenefic

ialforbloodcirculationandabletohelptheuserstorelievestressandgetagoodnightsleep.(将头部抬高15度，将腿部抬高35度，有利于血液循环，能够帮助使用者缓解压力，睡个好觉。)”可知，高科技舱

房的设计是为了使冬奥会的记者们有机会在工作中睡一个小时的觉，并帮助使用者缓解压力。故推知powernaps的意思是“让人放松和减轻压力的小睡”。故答案为Ashortrelaxingsleepthatmakesusersrelievest

ress.51．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段“Thesmartbedswithsensorscancollectinformationonthingslikebreathingandheartrates.Userscanadjust

thepositionofthebeds,whichhaveamassagesetting,byusingaremotecontrolortheirphone.Thebedsalsohavecontrolstopermituserstochoo

sedifferentsleepingpositions,includingonecalled“zerogravity”,whichisespeciallydesignedfortheBeijingWinterGames.(带有传感器的智能床可以收集有关呼

吸和心率等信息。用户可以使用遥控器或手机调整具有按摩设置的床的位置。床还具有控件，允许用户选择不同的睡眠姿势，包括一个称为“零重力”的睡姿，这是专门为北京冬季奥运会设计的。)”可知，智能床可以提供按摩、支持“零重力”

睡姿、收集有关呼吸和心率等信息。但并不能治疗呼吸和心脏疾病。故答案为Thesmartbedshavemanyfunctions,suchastreatingbreathingandheartdiseases,providingmassagesettingandper

mittingzerogravitysleepingposition.Becausethesmartbedswithsensorscancollectinformationonthingslikebreathingandheartrates.52．

【解析】考查开放性试题。故答案为Iwanttointroducesweepingrobotstoyou.Sweepingrobotsplayaroleinourdailylife.Theycanhelpustosweepthefloorcleanlyandchargeautomati

cally,whichsaveourtimeandenergy.Passage16（2022·北京市第一三二中学一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Youmightnothaveheardofthe"freshstarte

ffect”,butifyou'veevermadeaNewYear'sresolution,you'refamiliarwithit.Itreferstothehumantendencytotakeactiontowardsachievingagoalafteraspecialoccasiono

rkeydatehaspassed.Thefreshstarteffectissimple.Mostpeoplewanttoimprovethemselvesinsomeway.Whenwehitimportantmilestones,we'reoftenlike

lytoreflect:arewewherewethoughtwe'dbebyacertainage?Wasthisyearasuccessfulyear,ordidwewasteit?Annuallandmarkslikebirthdays,orthestartofanewyear,si

gnifyanewtimeperiodandanopportunitytoleaveslip-upsbehindandtosetnewgoalsforbetterbehavior.Researchshowsthatanticipationofanewbeginningisakeymotiva

torforthefreshstarteffect.Forexample,peopleaged29,39,49etc.were48%morelikelytorunamarathonforthefirsttime.Whentheywereapproachinganewde

cade,theyweremorelikelytosearchformeaningintheirlivesandtrytoimprovethemselves.Thereasonissimple.Whenwes

eeourpastselfasseparatefromourcurrentself,wefeeliteasiertointroducenewgoalsandtakeaction.What'sinterestingaboutthefreshstarteffectistha

twedon'tneedtowaitforbigmilestonestotakeadvantageofthissuddendoseofmotivation.Studiesshowthatthefirstdayofeachmonthandeveneachwe

ekcanalsoinspireus.Thesedays,knownastemporallandmarks”,encourageustostepbackandevaluateourcurrentsituation.Andwhenwedothis,wegainthemotivationtobebet

ter:webecomemoredrivenandmoreproductive.ThatiswhypeoplearemorelikelytostalldietsorexerciseplansonMonday,ratherthanthe

nextday.Freshstartsareexcitingopportunitiestolearnfromyourmistakesandmoveforward.Soifyou'recurrentlyexperiencinglosso

fmotivation,questioningthemeaningofyourwork,orjustfeellikeyou'restuckinarut,whydon'tyouusethefreshstarteffectinyourownlife?53．Accordingtothepassage,

whatis"freshstarteffect"?54．Whyisitthatanticipationofanewbeginningisakeymotivatorforthefreshstarteffect?55．Pleasedecide

whichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Afreshstartlikethefirstdayofeachweekisatimewhenweforgetaboutourmistakesandm

oveforward.56．Besidesthefreshstarteffect,inwhatotherwaysdoyoumotivateyourselfinyourlife?(Inabout40words）

【答案】53．Itreferstothehumantendencytotakeactiontowardsachievingagoalafteraspecialoccasionorkeydatehaspassed.54．Becau

seitiseasiertointroducenewgoalsandtakeaction.55．Afreshstartlikethefirstdayofeachweekisatimewhenweforgetaboutourmistakesandmoveforward.B

ecausereshstartsareexcitingopportunitiestolearnfromyourmistakesandmoveforward.56．Inmydailylife,Imotivatemyselfbylearningfromidolswhoa

rehardworking,diligentandstrictwiththemselves.Modelingmyselfonthemcanhelpmetomakeprogressandmotivatemenottogiveup.【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍freshst

arteffect(新起点效应)，及这个效应对我们生活的帮助。53．【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Itreferstothehumantendencytotakeactiontowardsachievingagoalaft

eraspecialoccasionorkeydatehaspassed.(它指的是在特殊场合或重要日期过去后，人们采取行动实现目标的倾向)”可知，freshstarteffect指的是在特殊场合或重要日期过去后，人们采取行动实现目标的倾向。故答案为Itrefe

rstothehumantendencytotakeactiontowardsachievingagoalafteraspecialoccasionorkeydatehaspassed.54．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段“Thereasonissimpl

e.Whenweseeourpastselfasseparatefromourcurrentself,wefeeliteasiertointroducenewgoalsandtakeaction.(原因很简单。当我们看到过去的自我与现在的自我分离时，我们觉得

引入新目标并采取行动更容易)”可知，设置预期更容易引入新目标，更加容易采取动行。故新开始的预期是新开始效应的关键动力的原因是：设置预期更容易引入新目标，更加容易采取动行。故答案为Becauseitiseasiertointroducenewgoalsandtakeaction.55．【

解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Freshstartsareexcitingopportunitiestolearnfromyourmistakesandmoveforward.(重新开始是令人兴奋的机会，可以从错误中吸取教训并向前迈进)”可知，重新开始意味着从错误中吸取教训，而不是忘

记错误。故答案为Afreshstartlikethefirstdayofeachweekisatimewhenweforgetaboutourmistakesandmoveforward.Becausereshstartsareexcitingopportunitiestolearnfromy

ourmistakesandmoveforward.56．【解析】考查开放性试题。答案为Inmydailylife,Imotivatemyselfbylearningfromidolswhoarehardworking,diligentandstrictwiththemselve

s.Modelingmyselfonthemcanhelpmetomakeprogressandmotivatemenottogiveup.Passage17（2022·北京顺义·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Somepeopl

eseecolourswhentheyheardifferentsounds.Othersseecolourswhentheyseewordsandnumbersprintedinblackandwhite.Theseinterestingpeoplearecalledsynaesthetes

,andwhattheyexperienceiscalledsynaesthesia.AstudyattheUniversityofSussexisfindingouthowlearningtoseesoundsascoloursorthinkoflettersincol

ourcouldimproveyourIQandmemory.Oneofthestudyleaders,DrBorsaysthatcarryingoutthesetestshasgiventhemtheopportunitytofindoutmoreabouthow

peopleusedifferentkindsofmemory.DrBorbasedhislatestresearcharoundsomethingscientistsalreadyknowalotabout—"chunking".Heexplainsthatthisis

awayofbreakinglargepiecesofinformationintosmallerunits,tomakeiteasiertoremember."WhenIgiveyoumyphonenumber,01274

737215,youprobablyrememberitas01274737215,orsomethingsimilar.Ifyoucanremember012andthefirst74,youcanreme

mbertherest.Youcangetsomeamazingbenefitsfromchunking!"Thisisreallyimportantforunderstandingsynaesthesia.DrBorsaysth

atsynaesthesiaaddsextrainformationtothingsthataredifficulttoremember,suchaslettersandnumbers,orextracolours.Thishelpsusrememberthingsbetter.AndDrBo

r'sownstudyofoneamazingperson,whohasbothsynaesthesiaandaverystrongmemoryadvantage,supportsthisideaaswell.Thestudybeganasawaytotestwhethersyna

esthesiaisconnectedtogreaterabilitiestodocertainthingsandaimedtocreateawayoflearningsynaesthesiatodevelopbenefitsforeveryone.Aftertraining,p

eoplewereabletopassthenormalsynaesthesiatests,andtheirIQjumpedupabout12points!ButDrBorsaystheyneedtotesttheincreasein

IQwithdifferentgroupsofpeopleapartfromcleverstudentswhotookpartinthisstudy.57．Accordingtothepassage,whendopeopleexperiencesynaesthesia?58．

Howcansynaesthesiahelpimprovememory?59．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy?DrBorhasprovedthatthe

IQofpeoplefromdifferentgroupswasabletoimproveabout12pointsafterlearningsynaesthesia.60．Besidessynaesthesia,whatdoyouthinkareso

meotherwaystoimproveyourmemory?（Inabout40words）【答案】57．PeopleexperienceSynaesthesiawhentheyseecolourswhilehearingdiffere

ntsoundsorseeingwordsandnumbersprintedinblackandwhite.58．Byaddingextrainformationtothingsthataredifficulttoremember,suchaslettersandnumbers,

orextracolours.59．DrBorhasprovedthattheIQofpeoplefromdifferentgroupswasabletoimproveabout12pointsafterlearningsynaesthesia.DrBorhasprovedthatcleverst

udents’IQwasabletojumpupabout12pointsafterlearningsynaesthesia.DrBorsaystheyneedtotesttheincreaseinIQwithdifferentgroupsofpeopleapartfromcleverst

udentswhotookpartinthisstudy.60．言之有理即可。Possibleanswer：Inordertoimproveourmemorywecandonewthingsandchangeourdailyhabitstokee

pourbrainactive.WecanalsotrytomemorizesomethingnewandplayMathspuzzletogetlotsofregularexercise.【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明通感能够提升人的智商和记忆力。57．【解析】细节理解题。根据

第一段中“Somepeopleseecolourswhentheyheardifferentsounds.Othersseecolourswhentheyseewordsandnumbersprintedinblacka

ndwhite.Theseinterestingpeoplearecalledsynaesthetes,andwhattheyexperienceiscalledsynaesthesia.（有些人听到不同的声音时会看到颜色。其他人看到黑白印刷的单词和数字时会看到颜色。这

些有趣的人被称为通感者，他们所经历的被称为通感。）”可知，当人们听到不同的声音，或看到黑白印刷的单词和数字时能看到颜色，就会产生通感。故答案为PeopleexperienceSynaesthesiawhenthe

yseecolourswhilehearingdifferentsoundsorseeingwordsandnumbersprintedinblackandwhite.58．【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“DrBorsaysthatsynaesthesiaaddsextrainformatio

ntothingsthataredifficulttoremember,suchaslettersandnumbers,orextracolours.（博尔博士说，通感为难以记忆的事物增加了额外的信息，例如字母和数字，或额外的颜色。）”可知，通感能提升

记忆力是通过为难以记忆的事物增加了额外的信息，例如字母和数字，或者额外的颜色，故答案为Byaddingextrainformationtothingsthataredifficulttoremember,suchaslettersa

ndnumbers,orextracolours.59．【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Aftertraining,peoplewereabletopassthenormalsynaesthesiatests,andtheirIQjumpedupabout12points!ButDr

BorsaystheyneedtotesttheincreaseinIQwithdifferentgroupsofpeopleapartfromcleverstudentswhotookpartint

hisstudy（经过训练，人们能够通过正常的通感测试，他们的智商提高了约12分！但是博尔博士说，除了参加这项研究的聪明学生之外，他们还需要对不同人群的智商增长进行测试）”可知，测试后能提高约12分的是聪明的学生

，而他们还需要对不同人群的智商增长进行测试，故答案为DrBorhasprovedthattheIQofpeoplefromdifferentgroupswasabletoimproveabout12pointsafter

learningsynaesthesia.DrBorhasprovedthatcleverstudents’IQwasabletojumpupabout12pointsafterlearningsynaesthesia.DrBorsaysthe

yneedtotesttheincreaseinIQwithdifferentgroupsofpeopleapartfromcleverstudentswhotookpartinthisstudy.60．【解析】开放试题。Possibleanswer：

Inordertoimproveourmemorywecandonewthingsandchangeourdailyhabitstokeepourbrainactive.WecanalsotrytomemorizesomethingnewandplayMathspuzzletogetlot

sofregularexercise.(为了提高我们的记忆力，我们可以做新的事情，改变我们的日常习惯，以保持我们的大脑活跃。我们也可以试着记住一些新的东西，玩数学谜题来得到很多有规律的锻炼)言之有理即可。Passage18（2022·北京十

四中二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Anewstudyasksthequestion:Doconversationsendwhenpeoplewantthemto?Theanswerisno.Thestudyincludedtwoparts.Thefirstpartwa

sanonlinesurveythatasked806peoplewhethertherewasamomentrecentlytheyhadwantedtoendaconversationwithaclosefri

endandtoestimatewhenthatmomentwasinrelationtowhenthetalkreacheditsconclusion.Thesecondpartinvolved252peoplepairedupwithstrangersinalabtochatab

outwhatevertheyfeltlikeforanywherebetweenoneand45minutes.67percentoftherespondentsinthefirstpartofthestudysaidtheywantedtheconversationtoendbef

oreitactuallydid,andmosthadsecretlywishedthechathadbeeneither50percentlongeror50percentshorterthanitwas.“Whateveryouthin

ktheotherpersonwants,youmaywellbewrong,”saysAdamMastroianni,apsychologyresearcheratHarvardUniversityandthestudy’sleadauthor.“Soyoumight

aswellleavewhenitseemsappropriate,becauseit’sbettertobeleftwantingmorethanless.”Inthesecondpartofthestudy,nearly70perce

ntofthepeoplereportedwantingtheconversationtobeoverbeforeitended.Justtwopercentoftheconversationswrappedup

atatimebothpeoplewerehappywith,and30percentofthemendedwhenoneofthepartieswanted.Theresearchersalsoaskedstudyparticipantstoguesswhentheirconversa

tionalpartnershadwantedtostoptalking.Thoseguesseswerewrong,eitheroverorunderestimatingtheotherperson’sdesiretocontinuethetalk,byabout

64percentoftheconversation’sactuallength.Takentogether,theresultssuggestthatwearen’tveryskilledatestimatingeachothers’desiresaboutwhentoendaconversa

tion.ThaliaWheatley,asocialpsychologistatDartmouthCollegesaysthefindingsareimportant,addingthatconversationsare“anelegantexpressionofjointcooperat

ion”.However,shesays,“Itallfallsapartattheendbecausewejustcan’tfigureoutwhentostop.”Mastroiannisayshis

takeawayisthattryingtoguesswhatsomeoneyou’rechattingwithwantsisalmostpointless.“Youreallyhavenoideawhentheotherpersonwa

ntstogo.Somaybe,stoptryingandjustrelaxandenjoytheconversation.”61．Wherewerethetwopartsofthestudycarried

out?62．Inwhatwayweretheparticipants’guesseswronginthesecondpartofthestudy?63．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollo

wingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.It’seasytofindapropertimetoendaconversationwithaclosefriend.64．Ifyoud

esiretoendaconversation,wouldyoutelltheotherpersondirectly?Whyorwhynot?（Inabout40words）【答案】61．Onlineandinalab.62．Byeitheroverorunderest

imatingtheotherperson’sdesiretocontinuethetalk.63．It’seasytofindapropertimetoendaconversationwithaclosefriend.It’sdifficulttofindapro

pertimetoendaconversationwithaclosefriend,becausepeoplehavenoideawhentheotherpersonwantstostoptalking

.64．IfIdesiretoendaconversation,IwouldnottelltheotherpersondirectlybeacauseIjusttendtorelaxandenjoytheconversationanddonotwanttohurtothers'feeling

s.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究提出了这样一个问题：对话是否会在人们希望结束的时候结束？答案是否定的。61．【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第三段第一句中“Thefirstpartwasanonlinesurvey(第一部分是一项在线调查)”和第二句中“Thesecondpa

rtinvolved252peoplepairedupwithstrangersinalab(第二部分，252人与实验室中的陌生人配对)”可知，研究的两个部分是在线上和实验室里进行的。故答案为Onlineandinalab.62．【解析】考查细节理解

。根据文章第七段最后一句“Thoseguesseswerewrong,eitheroverorunderestimatingtheotherperson’sdesiretocontinuethetalk,byabout64percentoftheconversation’sac

tuallength.(这些猜测是错误的，高估或低估了对方想要继续谈话的欲望，约占实际谈话长度的64%。)”可知，在研究的第二部分，参与者的猜测高估或低估了对方想要继续谈话的欲望。故答案为Byeitheroverorunderestimatingtheotherperson’sdesireto

continuethetalk.63．【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第八段“Takentogether,theresultssuggestthatwearen’tveryskilledatestimatingeachothers’desiresaboutwhentoendaconversation

.(综上所述，研究结果表明，我们并不擅长评估对方何时结束谈话的意愿)”可知，找个合适的时间结束和亲密朋友的谈话是很不容易的，因为我们并不擅长评估对方何时结束谈话的意愿，所以所给句子中easy一词表述有误。故答案为It’seasytofindapropertimetoen

daconversationwithaclosefriend.It’sdifficulttofindapropertimetoendaconversationwithaclosefriend,becausepeoplehavenoideawhentheothe

rpersonwantstostoptalking.64．【解析】本题为开放型题目，言之有理即可，注意词数限制。题干：如果你想结束一段对话，你会直接告诉对方吗？为什么？为什么不？故答案为IfIdesiretoendaconversation,Iwouldnottellth

eotherpersondirectlybeacauseIjusttendtorelaxandenjoytheconversationanddonotwanttohurtothers’feelings.

Passage19（2022·北京·模拟预测）阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。LEGOWorkstoMakeBricksfromRecycledPlasticTheLEGOGrouphasbeenworkin

gonawaytomakeLEGObricksoutofrecycledplastic.Thebricksaren’treadyyet,butthecompanysaysit’smakingprogress.Makingbricksfro

mrecycledmaterialscouldcutpollutionfromthecompany’sbricksby70%.ManypeoplearefamiliarwithLEGOs.Developedin

Denmark,theplasticbuildingtoyshavebeenaroundsincethe1950s.Thetoysclicktogetherfirmly,allowinguserstobuildthingsthatdon’tfalla

parteasily.Thecompanycallsthisabilitytoholdtightly“clutchpower”.Sinceroughly1960,LEGObrickshavebeenmadefromakin

dofplasticcalledABS.ABSplasticmakesLEGObricksverytough,andgivesthemgreatclutchpower,overandoveragain.Sadly,ABSplasticcan’treallyberecycled,an

dittakesaverylongtimetobreakdown.That’sabigproblem.Theworldisstrugglingwithahugeplasticwasteproblem.AndLEGOmakesabout110b

illionbrickseveryyear.Butsince2015,LEGOhasbeenmakinganefforttomaketheirproductsmoreearth-friendly.Threeyearsago,thecom

panybeganmakingsomeLEGOparts,liketrees,outofaplasticmadefromsugarcane.Recently,LEGOstartedusingpaperba

gsinsteadofplastictoreducepackaging.Butmakingbricksoutofrecycledplasticisabigchallenge.Thegoalistomakebri

cksoutofPETplastic,whichissofterthanABSplasticandcanbefoundinthingslikebottlesandclothing.Arecycledone-literplasticbottlecoul

dmakeabout102×4LEGObricks.Overthepastthreeyears,thecompanyhastestedover250differentwaysofcreatingLEGObricksfromrecycledplastic.Ateamo

fmorethan150peopleareworkingontheproblem.TimBrooks,whofocusesonenvironmentalresponsibilityatLEGO,saysthatexperimentingandfailingis“animportantpa

rtoflearning”.Now,thecompanysaysthey’vefoundawaytomakeagood2×4brickfromPET.Oneimportantstepwasfindingawayofaddingthingst

oPETplastictomakeittougherandgiveitbetterclutchpowerlikeABS.“Weknowkidscareabouttheenvironment,”saidMr.Brooks.“Eventhoughitwillbeawhilebeforetheywi

llbeabletoplaywithbricksmadefromrecycledplastic,wewanttoletkidsknowwe’reworkingonit.”65．Whatisthebenefitofmaking

LEGObricksfromrecycledmaterialsforLEGOCompany?66．Whatis“clutchpower”?67．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,

thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.LEGOwantstomakebricksoutofPETplastic,becausePETplasticisearthfriendlyanditgivesLEGObricksbetterclutch

powerthanABS.68．Asastudent,howcanwecontributetoagreenenvironment?(Inabout40words)【答案】65．Tocutpollutionfromthecompany’sbricksby70%./Usingth

erecycledmaterialscouldcutpollutionfromthecompany’sbricksby70%./Makingbricksfromrecycledmaterialscouldcutpollutionfromthecompany’sbricksby70%.6

6．“Clutchpower”isanabilitytoholdtightly./“Clutchpower”isanabilitytoholdtightly,whichcanclicktoystogetherfirmly,al

lowinguserstobuildthingsthatdon’tfallaparteasily.67．LEGOwantstomakebricksoutofPETplastic,becausePETplasticisearthfr

iendlyanditgivesLEGObricksbetterclutchpowerthanABS.Accordingtothepassage,PETplasticissofterthanABSplastic,soitcannotgiveLEGObric

ksbetterclutchpowerthanABS.ThecompanyshouldfindawayofaddingthingstoPETplastictomakeittougher.68．Firstly,weshouldtakeactionf

romsmallthings,suchasnotthrowingwastepaperandparticipatingingarbageclassification.Secondly,wecansetupgreenvolunteerservicete

amstostrengthenwasterecycling,whichcanraiseourawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍乐

高积木的材料。65．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段“Makingbricksfromrecycledmaterialscouldcutpollutionfromthecompany’sbricksby70%.(用回收材料制作积木可以将公

司积木的污染减少70%。)”可知，对于乐高公司来说，用回收材料制作乐高积木可以将公司积木的污染减少70%。故答案为Tocutpollutionfromthecompany’sbricksby70%./U

singtherecycledmaterialscouldcutpollutionfromthecompany’sbricksby70%./Makingbricksfromrecycledmaterialscouldcutpollutionfrom

thecompany’sbricksby70%.66．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段“Thetoysclicktogetherfirmly,allowinguserstobuildthingsthatdon’tfallaparteasily.Thecompany

callsthisabilitytoholdtightly“clutchpower”.(玩具牢固地嵌在一起，让使用者建造不容易分解的东西。该公司称这种紧紧固定在一起的能力为“clutchpower”。)”可知，clutchpower指的是：使玩具牢固地嵌在一起，让使

用者建造的东西不容易分解的能力。故答案为“Clutchpower”isanabilitytoholdtightly./“Clutchpower”isanabilitytoholdtightly,whichcanclicktoystogetherfirmly,allowi

nguserstobuildthingsthatdon’tfallaparteasily.67．【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段“ABSplasticmakesLEGObricksverytough,andgivesthemgreatclutchpower,overandoveragai

n.(ABS塑料使乐高积木非常坚韧，并一遍又一遍地赋予它们强大的“抓力”。)”及第六段“ThegoalistomakebricksoutofPETplastic,whichissofterthanABSplasticandcanbef

oundinthingslikebottlesandclothing.(目标是用PET塑料制作积木，PET塑料比ABS塑料更柔软，可以在瓶子和衣服等东西中找到。)”可知，ABS塑料使乐高积木非常坚韧，

有强大的抓力。PET塑料比ABS塑料更柔软，故推知，比起ABS塑料，PET塑料不能给乐高积木更好的“抓力”。故答案为LEGOwantstomakebricksoutofPETplastic,becausePETplasticisearthfriendlya

nditgivesLEGObricksbetterclutchpowerthanABS.Accordingtothepassage,PETplasticissofterthanABSplastic,soitcannotg

iveLEGObricksbetterclutchpowerthanABS.ThecompanyshouldfindawayofaddingthingstoPETplastictomakeittougher.68．【解析】考查开放性试题。故答案为Firstly,w

eshouldtakeactionfromsmallthings,suchasnotthrowingwastepaperandparticipatingingarbageclassification.Secondly,wecansetupgreenvolunteerservicete

amstostrengthenwasterecycling,whichcanraiseourawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Passage20（2022·北京·模拟预测）阅读下面

短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。“Chooseyourfriendswisely”maynotonlybegoodparentaladvicebutalsoawaytodobetterincollege,aresearchstudyfi

nds.Researchersprovethatstudentswhobefriendstudiouspeersspendmorehoursstudyingthemselvesandposthighergradesd

uringtheirfreshmanyear.It’simportanttoclarifythathavingsmartfriendsisn’tasimportantashavingstudiousfriendsinthisstudy.Theresearc

hersdidn’tfindthatfriends’gradesmattered.Whatinfluencedastudent’scollegegradeswerehisorherfriends’highschoolstudyhabi

ts.Tobesure,studentswithhighergradestendtohavebetterstudyhabits.Theyalsofoundthat,foreveryadditional10hoursaweekthatastudent’sfriendshadspentstudyin

ginhighschool,onaverage,thestudent’sownstudytimeincollegewouldlikelyincreasebyalmost25minutesaday,andt

hestudent’sownGPA(GradePointAverage)wouldlikelyrisebyalmostatenthofapointduringfreshmanyear.Almostidenticalresultsareamongfreshmanroommatesrand

omlyassignedbythecollege,whichconfirmsthatpeersareactuallyinfluencingstudyhabitsandechoingthefriendshipanalysis.T

heresearcherscontrolledforgender,raceandprioracademicachievementandfoundthatthepositiveinfluenceofstudiouspeerswassimilarforbothhighachievingandlo

wachievingstudents.ThedifferencebetweenaBandB+averageis0.3points,sostudiousfriendsareonlynudginggradesupabit.Thatmeanspeersarejustoneofm

anyfactorsinfluencinghowwellstudentsdoincollege.Soshouldweencourageparentstopicktheirkids,friendsincollege?“Thisisoneoutcome-GPA．Thereareothe

rthingsinlife,saidMehtawhoadmitstoselectingstudiousfriendswhenhewasincollege.69．Whatdoresearcherssuggeststudentsdoincollege

inthisstudy?70．Howcanstudiousfriendshelpastudentdobetterincollege?71．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,th

enunderlineitandexplainwhy.▶Thestudyshowedthatthepositiveinfluenceofstudiouspeerswasonlyforhighachievingstudents.72．Besidespeer

pressure,whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantfactorthathelpsimproveyourgrades?(Inabout40words)【答案】69．Chooseyourfriendswisely./Befriendormak

efriendswithstudiousstudents.70．Byinfluencingthestudent’sstudyhabits.71．Thestudyshowedthatthepositiveinfluenceo

fstudiouspeerswasonlyforhighachievingstudents.Theresearchersfoundthatthepositiveinfluenceofstudiouspeerswassimilarforbothhighachievingandlowachievin

gstudents.72．Inmyopinion,studyhabitsisthemostimportantfactorthathelpsimprovegrades.Becauseabetterstudyhabitcanmakeyouself

-disciplineandbecomeabettertimeplanner,whichcaninreturnbenefityouunderthelimitedtimeduringschool.【导语】这是

一篇说明文。研究人员证明，那些与勤奋的同龄人成为朋友的学生，会花更多的时间自学，并且在大一期间取得更高的成绩。影响学生大学成绩的因素是他或她朋友的高中学习习惯。可以肯定的是，成绩越高的学生学习习惯越好。69．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Researchersprove

thatstudentswhobefriendstudiouspeersspendmorehoursstudyingthemselvesandposthighergradesduringtheirfreshmanyear.(

研究人员证明，那些与勤奋的同龄人成为朋友的学生，会花更多的时间自学，并且在大一期间取得更高的成绩)”可知，在这项研究中，研究人员建议学生在大学里明智地选择你的朋友或与勤奋的学生交朋友。故答案为Chooseyourfriendswisely./Befrie

ndormakefriendswithstudiousstudents.70．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Whatinfluencedastudent’scollegegradeswerehisorherfriends’highs

choolstudyhabits.(影响学生大学成绩的因素是他或她朋友的高中学习习惯)”可知，勤奋的朋友通过影响学生的学习习惯来帮助学生。故答案为Byinfluencingthestudent’sstudyhabits.71．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Almostid

enticalresultsareamongfreshmanroommatesrandomlyassignedbythecollege,whichconfirmsthatpeersareactuallyinfluencingstudyhabitsandechoingthefr

iendshipanalysis.Theresearcherscontrolledforgender,raceandprioracademicachievementandfoundthatthepositiveinfluenceofstudiouspeerswassi

milarforbothhighachievingandlowachievingstudents.(在大学随机分配的新生室友中，也得到了几乎相同的结果，这证实了同伴确实影响了学习习惯，并与友谊分析相呼应。研究人员控制

了性别、种族和先前的学术成就，发现勤奋的同龄人对成绩优异和成绩差的学生产生的积极影响是相似的)”可知，错误的部分是“onlyforhighachievingstudents”，因为研究人员发现，勤奋的同龄人对成绩优异和成绩差的学生产生的积极影响是相似的。故答案为

Thestudyshowedthatthepositiveinfluenceofstudiouspeerswasonlyforhighachievingstudents.Theresearchersfoundthatthepositiveinfluenceo

fstudiouspeerswassimilarforbothhighachievingandlowachievingstudents.72．【解析】开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：除了同伴的压力，你认为帮助你提高成绩的最重要的因素是什么？可回答：在我看来，学习习惯是帮

助提高成绩的最重要的因素。因为一个好的学习习惯可以让你自律，成为一个更好的时间计划者，而这反过来可以在有限的学习时间下让你受益。故答案为Inmyopinion,studyhabitsisthemostimportantfactorthathelpsimprovegrades.Becauseab

etterstudyhabitcanmakeyouself-disciplineandbecomeabettertimeplanner,whichcaninreturnbenefityouundert

helimitedtimeduringschool.