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二、代词指代题(2019·全国Ⅱ，A)MyFavouriteBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.

MatildaRoaldDahlIoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl’swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhis

strangeanddelightfulworlds.Matilda’sbattleswithhercruelparentsandthebossyheadmistress，MissTrunchbull，areequallyfunn

yandfrightening，butthey’realsoaspirational.AfterDarkHarukiMurakamiIt’sabouttwosisters—Eri，amodelwhoeitherwon’torca

n’tstopsleeping，andMari，ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister，Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse“nightpeople”whoarehidingsecr

ets.GoneGirlGillianFlynnTherewasabitofmethatdidn’twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdid，butthehorrorstoryisbrillian

t.There’stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It’sarealwhodunitandthefrustrationwhenyour

ealisewhat’sgoingonishorriblyenjoyable.TheStandStephenKingThisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersar

ound.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworld’spopulation，abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoseleft.RandallFlaggisoneofthescaries

tcharactersever.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了JoUsmar最喜欢的四本书。21.Whodoes“I”refertointhetext?A.StephenKing.B.GillianFlynn.C.JoUsmar.D.RoaldDahl.答案C解析代词指代题。由标题M

yFavouriteBooks以及第一段内容可知，文章是以JoUsmar的口吻进行写作的。故选C。22.WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?A.Cosmopo

litan.B.Matilda.C.AfterDark.D.TheStand.答案C解析细节理解题。根据AfterDark部分中的第一句“It’sabouttwosisters—Eri，amodelwhoeitherwon’torcan’tstopsleepin

g，andMari，ayoungstudent.”可知答案为C。23.WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?A.Afolktale.B.Abiography.C.Alovestory.D.Ahorrorstory.答案D解析细节理解题。根据Go

neGirl部分中的“...thehorrorstoryisbrilliant.”可知答案为D。一、题型解读代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。

有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。设问形式常有：(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which...”referto?(2)Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which...”inParagraph..

.refersto“”.二、解题技巧——“就近原则”判指代第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。第二步：熟悉代词的含义(1)it/this/th

at可指代一件事。(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。(3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。第三步：替换核实再比较(1)用所找的指代

内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。(2)比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。例如：【真题感悟】中第21题。由标题MyFavouriteBooks以及第一段内容可知，文章是以JoUsmar的口吻进行写作的。故C选项正确。A

(2019·南通高三检测)TheBoyWhoHarnessedtheWindisaninspirationaltrue-storyfilmbasedonamemoir—an9accountoftheauthor’spe

rsonalexperiences—bytheMalawianengineerWilliamKamkwamba.Asateenager，Kamkwambabuiltawindturbineforhisfa

mine-strickentowninMalawi，helpingtopowersmallappliancesand6eventuallyirrigatecrops.11Thoughthefilmpointstowardthattechnologicalbreakthrough，itspendsm

uchofitsrunningtimedepicting(描绘)itshero’scommunityandavoidsmanyofthedamaginglanguagesthattendtoaccompanypop-cultura

ldescriptionofpovertyorconflictsinAfricancountries.Thisapproachiswhatmakesthemovie，muchmoreattractivethano

thersuchdocu-dramas.ChiwetelEjiofor，anEnglishactor，ismakinghis7featureappearanceasawriteranddirectortodrawattentiontoKam

kwamba’sstory—buthe’sjustasfocusedondepictingtheboy’sfamilylifeandthedangersoffarmingintheearly2000sMalawi.Famineisn’

tjustathingthathappenstotheKamkwambas.It’stheresultofaseriesofunpredictable8catastrophesthattrickledowntothissmallvi

llageandleaveitspeoplestrugglingtogrowandsellfood.Byexaminingthemanystructuralreasonsforthetown’scrisis，E

jioformakesKamkwamba’sachievementfeelbetter-earnedfromanarrative(叙述的)perspective.TheKamkwambasarenotlackinginfood，atfirst，thoughtheyd

oliveharvesttoharvest.Soon，aseriesofdramaticfloods，combinedwithgovernmentunrest(动荡)，beginstotakeatollo

n(haveabadeffecton)theirlife.Throughitall，Williamshowshisgiftforinvention，takingapartwhatevermachineshecangethishandsonandfiguringouthowtheywork.In

onecrucial(andcleverlywritten)scene，somelocalteenagersbegWilliamtofixtheirradiosothattheycanlistentoasoccergame，and

hedoes，makinguseofabatteryfromseveraldrainedpowercells.Astheradiojoltstolife，itdeliversanewsreportofplaneshittingbuildingsintheU.S.，whichserves

asthefirstrealacknowledgmentofthefilm’sexacttimeperiod.Theuninterestedteensimmediatelyswitchovertothegame，butEjioforincludedth

atdetailforareason.ThoughMalawiisontheothersideoftheworldfromtheU.S.，andtheKamkwambas’villageisfarfromth

ecountry’sbiggestcity，thenegativeeffectsof9/11arefelteventhere—unsettlingthegovernmentandsettingoffachai

nreactionthatquicklyturnsthingsterrible.MomentsliketheseaffirmEjiofor’sparticularskillforstorytelling.ToWilliama

ndhisyoungfriends，theeventbarelyregisters，butitstillhashugeconsequencesfortheirlives.Thelatterhalfofthefilmistoughergoingthanthelight，co

mmunity-orientedopening，butit’sanchoredbystrongperformances.Trywell，William’sfather，isn’tabaddad，butashisfamilygetshungrier，hisangertowardhisgovernm

ent，whichwassupposedtohelphimthrive，risestothesurface.AsWilliam’smother，Maǐgaisacalmer，steadierfigure，butherprideisdamaged，too.Shespeaksofne

verwantingtobethestereotypical(老套的)family“prayingforrain”，asherancestorsdid，anddespairsasTrywell’sstrategytosaveth

efarmbecomesalmostexactlythat.Atacertainpoint，Istartedmentallycheckingmywatch—Isn’tittimefortheboytos

tartharnessingthewind？ButEjiofordoesn’twantWilliam’smassiveachievementtolookeasy.NotonlydoesWilliamneedtogatherthepracticalmaterialsneededfor

awindmillinanearly1abandonedtown，buthealsohastochallengehisfather’sskepticismandpersuadehimtogiveupthefewpossessionshestillhas，in

cludingabicycle，tocreatesomethingthatappearsimpossible.It’sstriking，anddeeplysad，toconsiderthatsuperficially(表面上)theonlythin

gkeepingWilliam’stownfromstarvationwasbasicallywindpower.InEjiofor’shands，TheBoyWhoHarnessedtheWindbuildsrealismandcontextintobothside

softhatstoryandmanagestobeawinningadaptationasaresult.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了电影《驾驭风的男孩》以其独特的拍摄手法展现了主人公为一个遭受饥荒的非洲小镇制造风力涡轮机的真实故事。1.InthefilmTheBoyWhoHarnes

sedtheWind，aconsiderablepartisabout.A.themiserablelifeinMalawiB.theirrigationofthecropsC.thebuildingoftheturbineD.thetechnologybrea

kthrough答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thoughthefilmpointstowardthattechnologicalbreakthrough，itspendsmuchofitsrunningtimedepictin

g(描绘)itshero’scommunityandavoidsmanyofthedamaginglanguages”和第二段中的“buthe’sjustasfocusedondepictingtheboy’sfamilylifeandthedangersoffarmingintheearly20

00sMalawi”可知，这部电影有相当一部分描绘了在马拉维的悲惨生活，故A项正确。2.HowdoesEjioformakeKamkwamba’sachievementmorenoticeable?A.Byshootingthefilm

intheformofstory-telling.B.Byanalyzingthereasonsforthevillage’spoverty.C.Bylistingunpredictablecatastrophesattackingthevillage.D.Bystrengtheningt

hedifficultyingrowingandsellingthefood.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“he’sjustasfocusedondepictingtheboy’sfamilylife”及“EjioformakesKamkwamba’sa

chievementfeelbetter-earnedfromanarrative(叙述的)perspective.”可知，Ejiofor的拍摄侧重于Kamkwamba的家庭生活，并且是以叙述的形式使Kamkwamba的成就更突出，即以讲故事的拍摄形式使Kamkwamba的成就更突出

，故A项正确。3.WhatisthepurposeofthesceneabouttheradioinParagraph3?A.ToreporttheterroreventintheUS.B.Torevealthesettingofthefilm.C.Tostressthe

teens’interestingames.D.Toshowthehero’swillingnessofhelp.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Astheradiojoltstolife，itdeliversanews

reportofplaneshittingbuildingsintheU.S.，whichservesasthefirstrealacknowledgmentofthefilm’sexacttimeperiod.”可知，文章提到收音机场景是为了揭示电影的背景，故B项正确。4.T

heunderlinedword“that”inParagraph4refersto.A.Maǐga’sprideB.Trywell’sangerC.thefamilyprayingforrainD.thedespairofs

avingthefarm答案C解析代词指代题。根据画线词前的内容可知，她从来都不想像她的祖先那样成为老套的“求雨”家庭，而当Trywell拯救农场的策略几乎变成那样的时候她感到了绝望，由此可知，that指的就是前面的prayingforrain，故C项正确。5.

ThesceneofWilliamharnessingthewindappearsquitelateinthefilmsoasto.A.buildrealismandcontextintobothsidesofthestoryB.

underlinethelocalpeople’ssufferingfromstarvationC.showhisfather’sskepticismandreluctancetohelphimD.impresso

nviewersthedifficultyofmakingthemachine答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“ButEjiofordoesn’twantWilliam’smassiveachievementtolooke

asy.”可知，Ejiofor不想让William的伟大成就看起来那么容易，即想要突出主人公的不容易，故D项正确。6.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.AWindTurbineInventedbyaMalawianEngineerB.AnIns

pirationalTrue-storyAdaptedintoaFilmC.TheKamkwambaFamilyandTheirLifeinMalawiD.ATrueWinner—TheBoyWhoH

arnessedtheWind答案D解析标题归纳题。根据第一段前两句可知，本文介绍了电影《驾驭风的男孩》以其独特的拍摄手法展现了主人公为一个遭受饥荒的非洲小镇制造风力涡轮机的真实故事，他是真正的赢家，故D项正确。B(2019·南

京、盐城高三一模)Howwouldyoudescribeyourstyle？Formal？Classical？Casual？Smart？Firstofall，whatisstyle？Let’shearafewwordsofwisdomfromthewis

e.“Styleisknowingwhoyouareandwhatyouwanttosay，”(GoreVidal)；“Styleisanexpressionof2individualismmixedwithcharm，”(JohnFairchild)；“

Styleistheperfectionofapointofview，”(RobertEberhart)；“Styleisasimplewayofsayingcomplicatedthings，”(JeanCocteau)；“Styleisthedressofthoughts，”(LordChe

sterfield).So，nowyouknowwhatstyleis，you’llneedtobuysomeclothes.Butwhere？IntheUK，youcangetreallycheap，stylish，second-handclothesat3charitysh

ops.They’regreatifyouwantexclusivelabelsbutdon’twanttopaytheprice.Theonlydifficultyisdiscoveringwherethereallygood4ba

rgainsare.Butdon’tworry，LeilaGraycanhelpyouhere.She’stheproudownerofavintageHardyAmiescoat，pickedupatacharit

yshopfor￡20—agooddealwhenyourealizeitcostmorethan￡800new.“Youhavetogotothericherareasofacity，”shesays.“That’swhereallthelabelsare.Itcantakeabitofhu

ntingaround，butthatishalfthefun，andthere’salotofburiedtreasurejustwaitingtobediscovered.”So，nowyouknowwheretobuyyournew，stylishcl

othes，howdoyouacquireyourstyle？Expertssaythatmixingandmatchingfromcharityshopscanhelpyoufindyourownstyle—s

omethingthat’sreallyyou.That’swhatScottishmusicianMomusdid.“Myfashion10tipisthis，”hesays，“Lookatyourselfwithth

eeyeofagraphicdesigner.Ifyoucan’tbeattractive，aimfor‘interesting’or‘original’.”Momus’uniquestylecouldeve

nmakehimhappier，too.AspsychologistMarilynEliasexplains，thehappiestpeople“judgethemselvesbytheirownyardsticks，neveragainstwhatother

sdoorhave”.ShoichiAoki，thefounderofJapanesestreetstylemagazineFRUiTS，agrees.“12Ithinkrealfashioniswhatpeoplewearonthestreets，theclothesthattheywear

，thewaythattheywearthem，”hesays.“Whatyouseeinfashionmagazinesandonmodelshasbeenstyledandit’smorecommercial.”Hesaysthathisinspirationfor

FRUiTScamefrompeople5combiningtraditionalJapaneseclothingsuchasthekimonoand“geta”(Japanesewoodenclogs)withWeste

rnfashion.“Thisreallycaughtmyeye，”Aokiadds.Thesestylesmayseemwild，butAoki’sideaisnot：bebold，becreativeandfindsomethingthatsuitsyou.Maybei

t’stimetocreateyourownlook.Therearemanyonlineguidestohelpyou.PerhapsthebestadvicecomesfromawebsitecalledwikiHo

w，“Ifyouseesomethingyoulike，”itsays，“feelfreetocopy，butdon’tmakeyourselfaclone...mixitupandmakeityours.”Thinkaboutit!语篇解读本文为一篇

议论文。文章讲述的是什么是风格时尚以及如何实现自己的风格时尚。7.Whatshouldyoufirstdotochoosethestylethatbestsuitsyou?A.Followtheimagesofthewisepeople

.B.Goforwhateverisfashionable.C.Simplifycomplicatedexpressions.D.Figureoutwhatatruestyleis.答案D解析推理判断题。由第一段中“Howwou

ldyoudescribeyourstyle？Formal？Classical？Casual？Smart？Firstofall，whatisstyle？”提出的设问可知，要选择适合自己的风格，首先要弄明白究竟什么是真正的“style”，故选D。8.Whatdoestheunde

rlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A.Gettingclothesofleadingbrands.B.Buyingclothesatratherlowprices.C.Searchingforreallygoodbargains.D.S

tartingacharityshopsellingclothes.答案C解析代词指代题。that通常指代上文提到的事物，根据第二段中的“IntheUK，youcangetreallycheap，stylish，secon

d-handclothesatcharityshops.They’regreatifyouwantexclusivelabelsbutdon’twanttopaytheprice.”及画线词前的“Itcantakeabito

fhuntingaround”可知，that指代上文中的“寻找真正物美价廉的商品”。故选C。9.WhatisthefocusofShoichiAokiandhismagazineFRUiTS?A.Commercializationoffash

ionmagazines.B.Expressionofsomethingpersonalandcreative.C.Designingfashionablewearformeninthestreet.D.Promoti

ngJapanesetraditionalclothingworldwide.答案B解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“HesaysthathisinspirationforFRUiTS...Thesestyl

esmayseemwild，butAoki’sideaisnot：bebold，becreativeandfindsomethingthatsuitsyou.”可知，答案为B。10.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?A.Ho

wtoFindtheStyleThatSuitsYouB.WheretoPickUpaBargainC.WhattoWeartoDevelopYourStyleD.WhomtoModeltoBePopular答案A解析标题归纳题

。本文从设问“你怎样描述你的风格？”和“首先，什么是风格？”开始，探讨了如何找到适合自己的风格，故选A。Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1.Rescuersabandonedallhopeoffindinganymoresurvivo

rs.放弃2.Inthecontemporarywesternworld，rapidlychangingstylescatertoadesirefornoveltyandindividualism.个性3.Manycharitiessentmoneytohelpthevi

ctimsofthefamine.慈善机构4.Hemadeabargainwithhiswife，“YoutakecareofthechildrenandI’llcook.”条件，协议5.Likehermoth

erMarieCurie，Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer.兼顾(二)同义词语替换6.Eventually，herownpublishingfirmwassetup.Finally/Atlast/Intheend7.A

nimportantfeatureofVanGogh’spaintingsistheirbrightcolours.characteristic/character8.Earlywarningsofrisingwaterlevelsprevente

danothermajorcatastrophe.disaster(三)一词多义9.accountv.占……比例；解释……的原因；是……的原因n.账目；账户；账号；叙述；报道；描写(1)Theapplicationofnewt

echnologiesandwideappealofmoviestarscouldaccountfortheincreaseofthebox-officeincome.v.是……的原因(2)Itissaidthatbodylanguageaccoun

tsfor55percentofafirstimpressionwhilewhatyousayjust7percent.v.占……比例(3)Whilethisbooktellsusthestoriesoffamou

speopleinhistory；italsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividuals.n.叙述(4)Hetakescareofthebusin

essandhiswifekeepstheaccounts.n.账目(5)Myfatherhelpedmesetupabankaccount.n.账户10.tipn.尖端；末梢；小费；建议；忠告；小贴士

v.倾斜；倾倒；给……小费(1)Theboattippedtooneside.v.倾斜(2)Shetippedtheporteradollar.v.给……小费(3)Igavesometipsonhisstudies，buthedidn’tfollowthem.n.建议；忠告(4)CapeTowni

satthesoutherntipoftheAmericancontinent.n.末端Ⅱ.长难句理解11.Thoughthefilmpointstowardthattechnologicalbrea

kthrough，itspendsmuchofitsrunningtimedepicting(描绘)itshero’scommunityandavoidsmanyofthedamaginglanguagesthattendtoaccompanypop-culturaldesc

riptionofpovertyorconflictsinAfricancountries.[句式分析]本句是一个复合句，though引导让步状语从句，thattendtoaccompanypop-culturaldescript

ionofpovertyorconflictsinAfricancountries是that引导的定语从句。[精美译文]尽管这部电影指向了技术上的突破，但是它的大部分时间都在描绘主人公所在的社区，并避免了许多带有破坏

性的语言，这些语言倾向于伴随着对非洲国家的贫困或冲突的流行文化的描述。12.Ithinkrealfashioniswhatpeoplewearonthestreets，theclothesthattheywear，th

ewaythattheywearthem.[句式分析]本句是一个复合句，Ithink后面跟的是一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句；is后有三个并列的表语：what引导表语从句，theclothesthattheywear和thewaythattheywearthem，其中两个that引导的都是定语

从句。[精美译文]我认为真正的时尚是街头人们的穿着打扮，是他们所穿的衣服，是他们的穿衣方式。强化练(二十三)Ⅰ.单项填空1.Asforyourabouttheshoes，sir，Iwillspeakt

othepersoninchargeandaskhimeithertogiveyouanotherpairortogiveyourmoneyback.A.compositionB.compromiseC

.complaintD.concept答案C解析composition作文；compromise妥协；complaint投诉，抱怨；concept概念。句意为：先生，关于您对这双鞋的投诉，我会和负责的人谈谈，让他要么给您另一双鞋，要么给您退钱。complaintabout对……

抱怨/投诉，故选C。2.—David，areyoulisteningtome?—Sorry，sir.IofthelectureIattendedyesterday.A.havethoughtB.wasthinkingC.amthinkingD.thought答案B解析句意为：——大卫，你在听我说吗

？——对不起，先生。我在想我昨天听的讲座。此处表示刚才正在做某事，所以应该用过去进行时态，故选B。3.ThenewsspreadquicklyallovertheworldMichaelSchumachercametolifeafterhisbeingseriouslyinj

ured5yearsago.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when答案A解析句意为：迈克尔·舒马赫在5年前受了重伤，他苏醒过来的消息很快传遍了全世界。此处名词news后面是that引导的同位语从句，说

明该名词的具体内容，故选A。4.Thenewsurveyshowsthatthenumberofstudentscomputergameshasbeenincreasinginrecentyears.A.accustomedt

oB.relatedtoC.connectedtoD.addictedto答案D解析beaccustomedto习惯于；berelatedto与……有关；beconnectedto与……有联系；beaddictedto对……上瘾。句意为：这项新的调查显示，沉迷于电脑游戏的

学生人数近年来呈上升趋势。此处为形容词短语作定语。故答案为D。5.—Manyoptimisticteenagersowetheirpersonalitiestotheiroutgoingparents.—I

tmakessense.Asweallknow，ahappyparentahappychild.A.makesoutB.makesintoC.makesupD.makesfor答案D解析makeout明白，理解；makeinto制成；makeup由

……组成，编造；makefor有助于。句意为：——许多乐观的青少年把他们的个性归功于他们外向的父母。——这是有道理的。众所周知，一个快乐的父母造就一个快乐的孩子。故选D。6.Commercialandrecreationalfishin

gpopulationsizesandalsomadeindividualssmaller，sincebigfishandsmalleronesthrownback.A.decreased；keptB.haddecreased；ar

ekeptC.hasdecreased；keepD.hasdecreased；arekept答案D解析考查时态和语态。因为大的鱼是被渔夫留下来的，所以后一空为被动，故排除A、C项，因为商业性或娱乐性的捕鱼发生在过去并对现在的个体和数量造成影响，而非发生在过去的动作“madeindivid

ualssmaller”之前，故用现在完成时，故选D。7.Moreofusareusingheadphonesinnoisierenvironments，wemayturnupthevolumetopotentiallydangerouslevels.A.wh

enB.whileC.beforeD.where答案D解析考查定语从句。因为后半句是一般现在时，前半句是现在进行时，故排除A、B两项，根据句意“在喧闹环境中会提高音量”，不存在先后时间顺序，可排除C项，所以后半句只能是个从句来修饰environments，句子成分完整，先行

词在从句中作地点状语。故选D。8.—Thereisalwaystemptationtohideawayfromouremotions.—ButI’dratherweawayofbeingmoreoutspoken，morehonest，andtruertoourselves.A.findB.sha

llfindC.foundD.havefound答案C解析考查固定句式。wouldrathersb.didsth.“宁愿某人做某事”，是虚拟语气的固定句型，是对现在的虚拟。如果对过去虚拟则用wouldrathersb.haddonesth.。本题

是对现在的虚拟，故选C。9.—Suesleptovernightinfrontofthestadiuminordertogetconcerttickets.—That’swhattheproverb“”means.A.everycloudhasasilverliningB.make

haywhilethesunshinesC.theearlybirdcatchesthewormD.don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyhatch答案C解析考查谚语、俗语。everycloudhasasilverlining守得云开

见明月；makehaywhilethesunshines晒草要趁太阳好；theearlybirdcatchestheworm早起的鸟儿有虫吃；don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyhatch不要高兴得太早。故选C。10

.Whilesendingflowersasgifts，wecan’tchooseflowers，becausedifferentflowersmayconveydifferentmeanings.(2019·无锡高三期

中)A.arbitrarilyB.cautiouslyC.originallyD.thoroughly答案A解析考查副词。arbitrarily反复无常地；cautiously谨慎地；originally最初；thorou

ghly彻底地。句意为：当送花作为礼物时，我们不能随意选择花，因为不同的花可能传达不同的含义。故选A。Ⅱ.阅读理解AHereisarecordofthediscussionaboutAI(artificialin

telligence)conductedbyseveralscientists：ScientistA：IwouldsaythatwearequitealongwayofdevelopingtheAI，thoughIdothinkitwillhappe

nwithinthenextthirtyorfortyyears.Wewillprobablyremainincontroloftechnologyanditwillhelpussolvemanyoftheworld’sp

roblems.However，noonereallyknowswhatwillhappenifmachinesbecomemoreintelligentthanhumans.Theymayhelpus，ignoreusordestroyus.ItendtobelieveAI

willhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives，butwhetherthatistruewillbepartlyuptous.ScientistB：Ihavetoadmi

tthatthepotentialconsequencesofcreatingsomethingthatcanmatchorgobeyondhumanintelligencefrightenme.Eve

nnow，scientistsareteachingcomputershowtolearnontheirown.Atsomepointinthenearfuture，theirintelligencemaywell

takeoffanddevelopatanever-increasingspeed.Humanbeingsevolvebiologicallyveryslowlyandwewouldbequicklysubstituted.Intheshortterm，ther

eisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs，creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-

scalepovertyandsocialunrest.Inthelongterm，machinesmightdecidetheworldwouldbebetterwithouthumans.Scient

istC：I’mamemberoftheCampaigntoStopKillerRobots.ForgetthemovieimageofaterrifyingTerminatorstampingonhumanskulls(头骨)

andthinkofwhat’shappeningrightnow：militarymachineslikedrones，gunturretsandsentryrobotsarealreadybeingusedtokillwith

verylittlehumaninput.Thenextstepwillbeautonomous“murderbots”followingordersbutfinallydecidingwhotokillo

ntheirown.Itseemscleartomethatthiswouldbecompletelyunethicalanddangerousforhumans.Weneedtobeverycautiousindeedaboutwh

atweaskmachinestodo.语篇解读文章介绍了三位科学家关于人工智能的讨论记录。11.WhatisScientistBworriedabout?A.AItechnologywilldestroytheearth.B.Computerscan’tthinkby

themselves.C.Robotswilltaketheplaceofhumans.D.Humanswillbeunhappywithoutmachines.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Intheshortterm，ther

eisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs，creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.This

couldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.”可知，科学家B担心机器人会代替人类，造成人类失业、贫穷和社会动荡。故选C。12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthelastpara

graphreferto?A.TheCampaigntoStopKillerRobots.B.ThemovieimageofaterrifyingTerminator.C.“Murderbots”can’tdecidebythemselves.D.“Murderbot

s”willbeagainsthumans’orders.答案D解析代词指代题。根据画线词前一句“Thenextstepwillbeautonomous‘murderbots’followingorde

rsbutfinallydecidingwhotokillontheirown.”可知，自动“杀人机器人”服从人类的命令，但最后杀死谁由他们自己决定。句中this指“杀人机器人不服从人类的命令”。故选D。13.WhichstatementisCORRECTaccordingtothe

record?A.ScientistAthinksAItechnologywillneverdevelop.B.TheemploymentwillbeaffectedbyAItechnologyinthefuture.C.“Murderbots”willfol

lowtheordersoftheirmanufacturersinthewars.D.AllthethreescientistsagreethatAItechnologywillbenefithumanbeings.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三

段中的“Intheshortterm，thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs，creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeop

le.”可知，机器人的发展会代替人类工作，造成人类失业。也就是说，未来人工智能技术将会影响就业。故选B。14.Whoagree(s)AIhasmorenegativeaspectsthanpositiveaspects?A.ScientistA.B.ScientistB.C.Scienti

stsB&C.D.ScientistsB&A.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives”可知，科学家A认为人工智能的积极因素比消极

因素多。根据第三段中的“...thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs，creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscou

ldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.”和第四段中的“Itseemscleartomethatthiswouldbecompletelyunethicalanddangerousforhumans.Weneedtobeverycautiousind

eedaboutwhatweaskmachinestodo.”可知，科学家B和科学家C认为人工智能的消极因素比积极因素多。故选C。B(2018·南京三模)Thereareplentyofgoodreasonsforayoungpersontoc

hoosetogotouniversity：intellectualgrowth，careeropportunities，havingfun.Aroundhalfofschool-leaversintherichworldnowdoso

，andtheshareisrisinginpoorercountries，too.Governmentsarekeenonhighereducation，seeingitasameanstoincreas

esocialmobilityandeconomicgrowth.Buttheytendtooverestimatethebenefitsandignorethecostsofexpandinguniversityeducation.Often，publicmoneyju

stfeedsthearmsraceforqualifications.Asmoreyoungpeopleseekdegrees，thereturnsbothtothemandtogovernments

arelower.Employersdemanddegreesforjobsthatneverrequiredtheminthepastandhavenotbecomemoredemandingsinc

e.Inadesperateattempttostandout，studentsarestudyingevenlonger，anddelayingwork，toobtainmaster’sdegrees.Spendingonuniversities

isusuallyjustifiedbythe“graduatepremium”—theincreaseinearningsthatgraduatesenjoyovernon-graduates.Theseindividualgains，thethinkinggoes，addup

toaneconomicincreaseforsocietyasawhole.Butthegraduatepremiumisaflawedunitofcalculating.Partoftheusef

ulnessofadegreeisthatitgivesagraduatejobseekeranadvantageattheexpenseofnon-graduates.Itisalsoasignaltoe

mployersofgeneralqualities，suchasintelligenceanddiligence，thatsomeonealreadyhasinordertogetintoauniversity.Someprofessionsrequirequalificatio

ns.Butadegreeisnotalwaysthebestmeasureoftheskillsandknowledgeneededforajob.Withdegreessocommon，recruitersareusingthemasasimplewaytoev

aluateapplicants.Non-graduatesarethusincreasinglylockedoutofnicework.Inanycase，thepremiumcountsonlythewinnersandnotthelosers.A

crosstherichworld，athirdofuniversitystudentsnevergraduate.Itistheweakeststudentswhoaredrawninashighereducati

onexpandsandwhoaremostlikelytodropout.Theypayfeesandsacrificeearningstostudy，butseelittleincreaseintheirfutu

reincomes.Whendropoutsareincluded，theexpectedfinancialreturntostartingadegreefortheweakeststudentsshrinkstoalmostnothing.Manyschool-leave

rsarebeingmisledabouttheprobablevalueofuniversity.Governmentsneedtooffertheyoungawiderrangeofoptionsafterschool.Theyshou

ldstartbyrethinkingtheirownhiringpractices.Mostinsistondegreesforpublic-sectorjobsthatusedtobedonebynon-graduates，includingnursing，primary-schoo

lteachingandmanycivil-serviceposts.Instead，theyshouldseekotherwaysfornon-graduatestoprovetheyhavetheright

skillsandtogetmoreon-the-jobtraining.School-leaversshouldbegivenawidervarietyofwaystogainjobskillsandtodemonstratetheiremployabilityintheprivates

ector.Ifschoolqualificationsweremademorestrict，employerswouldbemorelikelytotrustthemassignalsofability，andle

ssinsistentondegrees.Universitiesshouldgrantcreditstodropoutsforthepartsofcoursestheyhavecompleted.Theycouldalsoopentheirexamstoanyonewhowantst

otakethem，andawarddegreestothosewhosucceed.Suchmeasureswouldbemoreefficientatdevelopingtheskillsthatincreaseproductivityandshouldsavepublicmon

ey.Topromotesocialmobility，governmentswoulddobettertodirectfundstoearly-schooleducationandtohelpingstudentswhowouldbenefitfromuniversitybut

cannotaffordit.Youngpeople，bothrichandpoor，areill-servedbythearmsraceinacademicqualifications，inwhicheachmuststudylongerbecausethatiswhatalltherest

aredoing.Itistimetodisarm.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文，主要阐述了“学历军备竞赛”的危害和影响。15.Howdoestheauthorconsiderhighereducation?A.It’sagoodwaytoraisestudents’socialstatus.

B.Itdefinitelybenefitsthedevelopmentofeconomy.C.Itwillamplyrewardindividualsandgovernments.D.It’sawasteofmoneyforsomestudentsandtax

payers.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句和第五段第四句“Theypayfeesandsacrificeearningstostudy，butseelittleincreaseintheirfutureinc

omes.”可知，作者认为对于一些学生和纳税人而言，高等教育是在浪费金钱。16.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3referto?A.Degrees.B.Returns.C.Employers.D.

Jobs.答案A解析代词指代题。根据画线词所在句可知，在过去，工作不需要学历，故them指代句中提到的degrees。17.Whatistheauthor’spreferredsolutiontotheissue?A.Todecreaseuniversitydropoutra

tes.B.Toimprovetheteachingqualitiesofuniversities.C.Toopenmorepublic-sectorjobstonon-graduates.D.Toprovide

school-leaverswithproperjobtraining.答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“Instead，theyshouldseekotherwaysfornon-graduatest

oprovetheyhavetherightskillsandtogetmoreon-the-jobtraining.”可知，作者认为应该为离校生提供适当的在职培训。18.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Measu

restoBoostSocialMobilityB.TimetoEndtheAcademicArmsRaceC.DifficultyinSolvingUnemploymentD.NecessityofChangingHiringPractices答案B解析标题归

纳题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，作者认为是时候该结束学历军备竞赛了。故B项“TimetoEndtheAcademicArmsRace”最适合作文章的标题。Ⅲ.完形填空(2019·扬州中学高三质检)PleaseexcusemeifI’malittlesadtoday.Markislea

ving，andI’mfeelingkindofsad.He’sbeentheheartandsouloftheofficeforacoupleofyears，19professionalskillswithasweetnature.Andnowhe’smovingontoanexcitingne

w20opportunity.Itsoundslikeitcouldbethechanceofalifetime，andwe’resincerely21forhim.Butthatdoesn’tmake

itany22tosaygoodbyetoadearfriendandtrustedcolleague.Ourabilitytocopewith23determineshappinessinlife.Buth

owdowedothat？Philosophers’responseshavebeen24.AccordingtotheauthoroftheBiblicalbookofEcclesiastes，comfortcanbefoundin25that“toe

verythingthereisaseason，andatimetoeverypurposeunderheaven.”KahlilGibranurgedhislistenersto“lettodayembrac

ethe26withremembrance，andthefuturewithlonging.”Afriendofmineremindshisfellowthat“survivabilitydependsupon27.”Andasurfer

summedup28problemsinfourwords：“Gowiththeflow.”Ithinklifeisaseriesof29—bothgoodandbad.Nomatterhowexcellentyourorganizationalskills，therewillalwaysbe

life-influencingfactorsoverwhichyouhaveno30.Thetrulysuccessfulpersonis31tomakeadjustmentsifnecessary.Thatmeanswhenthings32thataren’texactlyinyourpl

an，youworkaroundthem—andthenyoumoveon.Ofcourse，some33alongtheroadoflifeareeasiertotakethanothers.Arained-outpicnic，forexample，iseasierto34thanthe

suddendeathofalovedone.Butthe35isthesame.Change，indeed，ispainful，yetever36.Andifmemoryhasitsforceandworth，sohas37.We’regoingtomissMark，butrat

herthanbelostinthesadnessofourparting，we’llfocusonourhopesforabrighterfuture—forhim，andforus.Andthenwe’llg

ooutanddoeverythingwecantomakethatfuturehappen.38ourplanschangeagain.语篇解读这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过Mark的故事表达了作者的一种生活态度，即对生活中出现的不可控因素

影响我们的生活时我们要随遇而安。这并不意味着我们不需要不断努力去实现梦想，而是在解决问题后，按原计划继续前行。19.A.toyingB.combiningC.supplyingD.refreshing答案B解析

根据上文中的“He’sbeentheheartandsouloftheofficeforacoupleofyears”可知，这里意思是将专业技能与甜美的天性相结合。toy摆弄；combine结合；supply供应；refresh恢复精神，故选B。20.A.edu

cationalB.commercialC.medicalD.professional答案D解析根据上文中的“professionalskillswithasweetnature”可知这里意思是：现在，他前往一个令人兴奋的新的职业机会。educational教育的；commercial商业的；m

edical医学的；professional职业的。故选D。21.A.pleasedB.pityC.anxiousD.numb答案A解析根据空前的“Itsoundslikeitcouldbethechanceof

alifetime”可知，我们真诚地为他高兴。pleased高兴的；pity怜悯；anxious担忧的；numb麻木的，故选A。22.A.odderB.easierC.ruderD.fairer答案B解析句意为：但这并没有让我们向一位亲爱的朋友和值得信赖的同事告别变得更容易。

odder奇怪的；easier更容易；ruder粗糙的；fairer更公平。故选B。23.A.changeB.challengeC.choiceD.chance答案A解析句意为：我们应对变化的能力决定了生活的幸福程度。change改变；challenge挑战；choice选择；chance

机会。故选A。24.A.variedB.evaluatedC.discussedD.spread答案A解析根据下文内容可知哲学家们的答复不同。vary不同，有差异；evaluate评估；discuss讨论；spread传播。故选

A。25.A.explainingB.recommendingC.rememberingD.anticipating答案C解析句意为：人们可以通过记住“大千世界，万事万物皆有时”来获得安慰。explain解释；recommend推荐；remember记得；anticipate预期。

故选C。26.A.tomorrowB.thenC.nowD.past答案D解析句意为：让今日用回忆拥抱过去，用希望拥抱将来。tomorrow明天；then当时；now现在；past过去。故选D。27.A.competenceB.confidenceC.blessingsD.adapta

bility答案D解析句意为：我的一个朋友提醒他的同伴：“生存能力取决于适应能力。”competence能力；confidence信心；blessings祝福；adaptability适应能力。故选D。28.A.

attitudeB.healthC.lifeD.security答案C解析句意为：一位冲浪者用四个词总结了生活中的问题：“随波逐流。”attitude态度；health健康；life生活；security安全。故选C。29.A.storiesB.eventsC.que

stionsD.memories答案B解析句意为：我认为生活是由一系列的事件组成——既有好的，也有坏的。story故事；event事件；question问题；memory记忆。故选B。30.A.rightB.controlC.advan

tageD.priority答案B解析句意为：不管你的组织能力有多优秀，总会有一些影响生活的因素让你无法控制。right正确；control控制；advantage优势；priority优先。故选B。31.A.forcedB.preparedC.allowedD.enc

ouraged答案B解析句意为：真正的成功者为在必要时做出调整做好准备。force强迫；prepare准备；allow允许；encourage鼓励。故选B。32.A.comeupB.putoutC.pullu

pD.takeout答案A解析句意为：这意味着当不完全在你计划中的事情出现时，你解决——然后继续前进。comeup出现；putout熄灭；pullup拔起；takeout取出。故选A。33.A.stopsB.crossingsC.bumpsD.alter

natives答案C解析句意为：当然，人生道路上的一些坎坷比其他的更容易承受。stop站点；crossing交叉口；bump磕磕碰碰；alternative替代选择。故选C。34.A.preventB.predictC.handleD.imagine答

案C解析句意为：例如，一场因下雨而取消的野餐，比亲人的突然去世更容易处理。prevent预防；predict预报；handle处理；imagine想象。故选C。35.A.principleB.conclusionC.conse

quenceD.problem答案A解析句意为：但原理是一样的。principle原理；conclusion结论；consequence结果；problem问题。故选A。36.A.obviousB.needfulC.wonderfulD.am

biguous答案B解析句意为：的确，改变是痛苦的，但也是必要的。obvious明显的；needful必要的；wonderful极好的；ambiguous模糊的。故选B。37.A.futureB.partingC.attemptD.hope答案D解析句意为：如果

记忆有它的力量和价值，那么希望也有。future未来；parting分开；attempt试图；hope希望。故选D。38.A.UntilB.BeforeC.IfD.After答案A解析句意为：然后我们会走出去，尽我们所能让未来成为现实。

直到我们的计划再次改变。until直到；before在……之前；if如果；after在……之后。故选A。