【文档说明】Unit 4 History and Traditions B卷·综合能力提升练（解析版）-【单元测试】2022-2023学年高一英语分层训练AB卷（人教版2019必修第二册）.docx，共(19)页，36.619 KB，由envi的店铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.doc5u.com/view-5eac3bcf9c1e0da446a8dc29940dc4ef.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

必修Book2Unit4HistoryandTraditionsB卷·综合能力提升练(时间：90分钟满分：120分)第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D

四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2022·重庆巴蜀中学高一期中）TheRiverNilestretchesmorethan4,000milesbetweenLakeVictoriaandtheMediterra

neanSea.Outofallthatlength,therelativelyshortsectionbetweenAswanandLuxorinsouthernEgyptisthemostfascinating.Rea

donforthemaintemplestovisitonthejourneydowntheNilebetweenAswanandLuxor.PhilaeTempleThisgorgeousGreco-Egypt

iantempletothegoddessIsisiseasilyreachedbyboatfromAswan.ItwastornapartandmovedtoitscurrentislandlocationaspartoftheUNESCOprojecttosaveNubia’sa

ncientmonumentsfromtherisingwatersofLakeNasser.AbuSimbelAlthoughit’snotalongtheNilebetweenAswanandLux

or,thisstunningtempleisoftenvisitedasalongdaytripfromAswanbyairplaneorroad.Constructedaround1260BC,thetemplewasalsorescuedfromLakeNasserbytheUNESCOpr

oject.EdfuTempleOneofbest-preservedtemplesfromancienttimes,theEdfuTempleiswheretheancientsworshipedthegodofthesky.Overthecenturies,thetemplewas

nearlycoveredbysandfromthenearbydesertandinaccessibleduetotheannualfloodingoftheNile,enablingittobepreservedinsuchanoriginalstate.TempleofKa

rnakThemassiveTempleofKarnakisbothamasterpieceofancientEgyptianarchitectureandoneofthelargesttempleseverconstructedanywhereontheplanet.Itbe

gstwovisits:oncebydaylighttoappreciatetheengineeringandartisticbeautyoftheGreatHypostyleHallandagainafterdarkwhentheruinscomealiveduring

asoundandlightshow.1．Whichtemplewillbeabetterchoiceifyouplantogoatnight?A．AbuSimbel.B．EdfuTemple.C．PhilaeTemple.D．Templ

eofKarnak.2．WhatdoPhilaeTempleandAbuSimbelhaveincommon?A．Theyareusuallyreachedbyboat.B．Theyarebothlocatedonanislan

d.C．Theywereonceunderthethreatoffloods.D．Theywereoncepulleddownandreconstructed.3．WhyisEdfuTemplewellpreser

ved?A．Becauseitwasdifficulttospotandreach.B．Becausetheancientsfearedthepowerofthegod.C．Becauseitprocesse

dthebeautifulscenery.D．BecauseitwasprotectedbytheUNESCOproject.【答案】1．D2．C3．A【解析】本文为一篇应用文。埃及南部阿斯旺和卢克索之间的尼罗河最迷人，文章介绍了这一段河流附近的四个主要神庙。1．细节理解题。根据TempleofK

arnak的第二句“Itbegstwovisits:oncebydaylighttoappreciatetheengineeringandartisticbeautyoftheGreatHyposty

leHallandagainafterdarkwhentheruinscomealiveduringasoundandlightshow.(它请求两次访问：一次是在白天欣赏大柱式大厅的工程和艺术之美，另一次是在天黑之后，当废墟在声光表演中活跃起来时

。)”，如果游客打算晚上去神庙，TempleofKarnak会是更好的选择。故选D项。2．推理判断题。根据EdfuTemple的“Overthecenturies,thetemplewasnearlycoveredbysandfromthenearbydese

rtandinaccessibleduetotheannualfloodingoftheNile,enablingittobepreservedinsuchanoriginalstate.(几个世纪以来，这座寺庙几乎被附近沙漠的沙子所覆盖，而且由于尼罗河每年的洪水而无法到达，这使得它能够以

如此原始的状态保存下来。)”可知，尼罗河每年都会发洪水。根据PhilaeTemple的第二句“ItwastornapartandmovedtoitscurrentislandlocationaspartoftheUNESCO

projecttosaveNubia’sancientmonumentsfromtherisingwatersofLakeNasser.(作为联合国教科文组织保护努比亚古遗迹免受纳赛尔湖水位上升影响的项目的一部分，PhilaeTemple被拆了

，并搬到了现在的岛屿位置)”；根据AbuSimbel的第二句“Constructedaround1260BC,thetemplewasalsorescuedfromLakeNasserbytheUNESCOproject.(该寺庙建于公元前1260年左右，联合国教

科文组织的项目也从纳赛尔湖中拯救了它)”中的also可知，AbuSimbel也遭遇纳赛尔湖水位上升的问题；因尼罗河每年都会发洪水，导致纳赛尔湖水位上升，两个神庙都曾遭遇过洪水的威胁。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据EdfuTemple的第二句“Overthecen

turies,thetemplewasnearlycoveredbysandfromthenearbydesertandinaccessibleduetotheannualfloodingoftheNile,enabl

ingittobepreservedinsuchanoriginalstate.(几个世纪以来，这座寺庙几乎被附近沙漠的沙子覆盖，由于尼罗河每年的洪水泛滥而无法进入，使其能够以如此原始的状态保存下来。)”可知，因为被沙漠的沙子覆盖，人们很难发现这个神庙，而且每年的洪水也导

致人们很难到达这里，从而EdfuTemple神庙保存的很好。故选A项。B（2022·新疆·沙湾县第一中学高一期末）Underwaterexplorershavediscoveredanancientshipwreck(沉船)intheruinso

falong-lostsunkenEgyptiancityHeracleion,offthecoastofAlexandriainEgypt.Researchershaveprovedtheshiptobeover2,000yearsoldamongtheruins.AlthoughHera

cleionwasonceanimportanteconomiccenter,itwasdestroyedbytheforcesofnature,sinking(下沉)rapidlyinthewater.Theremainsofthecity’shous

es,temples,andmarketshavelaintenmetersdeepintheAbuQirBay,eastofpresent-dayAlexandria,Asaresult，underwaterexplorersregularlymakeexcitingdisco

veriesthere.Amongthem,statuesandstonetabletswithwordsmadeitpossibletofigureoutthecity’sname:Heracleion.Research

ersexplainedthattheshipwas25meterslong.Thediscoveryoftheshipwreckwasfascinatingbecauseshipsfromthatperiodinhistorywereveryseldom.Theunderwa

terresearchshowedthattheshipwasstruckbyseveralbigstonesfromthenearbytemple,makingtheshipatthebottomofthesea.Dr.MustafaWaziri,Secr

etary-GeneraloftheHigherArchaeologyCouncil,saidtheshipwasinthecanal(运河)whichflowedalongthesideoftheTempleofAmun.Anearthquakestrucktheci

ty,makingthetempledestroyedandtheshipsink.Whiletheshipwreckdiscoverywasexciting,underwaterexplorersdiscoveredtheremainsof

aGreekcemetery(墓地)datingbacktothe4thcenturyBCduringtheunderwaterexploration.Researchersexplainedthat

thediscoveryshowstheGreektraderslivedinthecity.TheybuilttheirowntemplesnearthetempleofAmun,andtheremainsofbothhavebeenfoun

dtogetherandingoodconditioninthesunkencitysome7milesoffthecoastofEgypt.ItisworthnotingthatthecityofHeracleionhadbeen

thelargestport-cityinEgyptacrosstheNileDelta,beforethecityofAlexandriawasfoundedin331BC．Severalearthquake

sdestroyedit.4．WhydidthecityHeracleiondisappear?A．ItwasdestroyedbytheGreektraders.B．Itwashitandcoveredbyabigflood.C．Itwasunimport

antandwasdeserted.D．Itwasruinedandsankintothesea.5．Whatcausedtheshiptosinkintothesea?A．Itsownlength.B．Aterribleear

thquake.C．Carryingtoomanystones.D．Thebuildingofatemple.6．WhatcanbeinferredfromthediscoveryofaGreekcemet

ery?.A．TheGreekcemeterywasdestroyed.B．GreektradersbuiltthetempleofAmun.C．Heracleionwasprobablyatradecenter.D．Greekhasal

ongerhistorythanEgypt.7．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthetext?A．Environment..B．HistoryC．Sport.D．E

ducation.【答案】4．D5．B6．C7．B【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述Heracleion废墟中发现了一艘古代沉船和可追溯到公元前4世纪的希腊墓地遗迹的事迹来探索当时一些不为人知的历史真相。4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“AlthoughHeracleion

wasonceanimportanteconomiccenter,itwasdestroyedbytheforcesofnature,sinking(下沉)rapidlyinthewater.”（尽管Heracleion曾经是一个

重要的经济中心，但是它被大自然的力量摧毁了，在水中迅速下沉。）可知，Heracleion被摧毁了，并沉入海底。故选D项。5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Dr.MustafaWaziri,Secretary-GeneraloftheHi

gherArchaeologyCouncil,saidtheshipwasinthecanal(运河)whichflowedalongthesideoftheTempleofAmun.Anearthquakestruckthecity,makingth

etempledestroyedandtheshipsink.”（高级考古委员会秘书长MustafaWaziri博士说，这艘船在阿蒙神庙旁边的运河里。一场地震袭击了这座城市，神庙被毁，轮船沉没。）可知，船是因为地震而导致沉没的。故选

B项。6．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“ResearchersexplainedthatthediscoveryshowstheGreektraderslivedinthecity.”（研究人员解释说，这一发现

表明希腊商人住在这座城市。）可知这里有商人居住；文章“ItisworthnotingthatthecityofHeracleionhadbeenthelargestport-cityinEgyptacrosstheNileDelta,b

eforethecityofAlexandriawasfoundedin331BC．”（值得注意的是，在公元前331年亚历山大城建立之前，Heracleion是埃及最大的港口城市，横跨尼罗河三角洲。）Heracleion有商人居住，这是一个信息，它在亚历山大城建立

之前还是埃及最大的港口城市，港口城市一般交通便利，故推知Heracleion可能是一个贸易中心。故选C项。7．推理判断题。通读本文可知，文章讲述的是水下探险家在埃及亚历山大海岸外失踪已久的埃及城市Heracleion废墟中发现了一艘古代沉船和可追溯

到公元前4世纪的希腊墓地遗迹，这些发现背后都是承载着一定历史真相的，故我们可能会在报纸的“History”（历史）板块中读到这篇文章。故选B项。C（2022·青海西宁·高一期末）TheGizaPyramids(金字塔),builttolas

tforever,havedonejustthat.ThetombscoulddatebacktoEgypt’sOldKingdomandwereconstructedsome4,500yearsago.Egypt’spharaohs(法老)e

xpectedtobecomegodsintheafterlife.Toprepareforthenextworldtheybuilttemplestothegodsandmassivepyramidtombsforthemselves,whichwerefilledwithalltheth

ingseachrulerwouldneedtoguideandsupporthimselfinthenextworld.TheancientwondersatGizaweresoimpressivethateventodayscientistscan’tbesurehowthepyra

midswerebuilt.Yettheyhavelearnedmuchaboutthepeoplewhobuiltthem.Thebuilderswereskilled,well-fedEgyptianworkerswholivedinanearbycity.Archaeol

ogical(考古的)digsontheattractivesitehaveshownahighlyorganizedcommunity,richwithresources.IfthePyramidshelpedtobuildancientEgypt,theyalsopreser

vedit.Gizaallowsustoexploreanancientworld.“Manypeoplethinkofthesiteasjustatombinthemodernsense,butit’salotmorethanthat,”saysPet

erDerManuelianwiththeMuseumofFineArts,Boston.“Inthesedecoratedtombsyouhavewonderfulscenesofeveryaspectofli

feinancientEgypt—soit’snotjustabouthowEgyptiansdiedbuthowtheylived.”Tombartdisplaysancientfarmersworkingontheirfieldsandfishing.Wordsandte

xtsalsoallowresearchintoEgyptiangrammarandlanguage.“AlmostanysubjectyouwanttostudyaboutthecultureisavailableonthetombwallsatGiza,”DerMa

nueliansays.Tohelpmakethesepreciousresourcesaccessibletoall,DerManuelianheadstheGizaProject,anenormouscollectionofGizaph

otographs,plans,drawings,objectrecords,anddiariesthatenablesonlinevisitstothesite.8．WhydidEgypt’spharaohsbuildthepyramids?A．Tosati

sfypersonalneeds.B．Topayrespectstogods.C．Toprotecttheculture.D．Tobenefitlocalpoorpeople.9．Whatremainsunclearaboutt

hepyramids?A．Whobuiltthem.B．Howtheywerebuilt.C．Wheretheywere.D．Whentheywerebuilt.10．WhatistheGizaProjectintendedfor?A．Raisingmoneyforth

efarmers.B．Collectingdrawingsandphotosworldwide.C．Helpingpeopledevelopfishing.D．Providingonlineaccess

tothepyramids.11．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．PyramidsatGiza.B．Modernpaintingart.C．Anancientking.D．AmuseuminEg

ypt.【答案】8．A9．B10．D11．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伟大的Giza金字塔，介绍了其建造的时间、构成、以及存在的意义等。8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Egypt’spharaohs(法老)expect

edtobecomegodsintheafterlife.Toprepareforthenextworldtheybuilttemplestothegodsandmassivepyramidtombsforthemselves,whichwerefilledwith

allthethingseachrulerwouldneedtoguideandsupporthimselfinthenextworld.(埃及的法老期望在死后成为神。为了为下一个世界做准备，他们为自己建造了神庙和巨大的金字塔坟墓，里面装

满了每个统治者在另一个世界里需要指导和养活自己的所有东西。)”可推断，古埃及的法老之所以建造金字塔是为了自己死后所需，故选A。9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“TheancientwondersatGizaweresoimpressivethateven

todayscientistscan’tbesurehowthepyramidswerebuilt.(Giza的古代奇观令人印象深刻，即使是今天的科学家也不能确定金字塔是如何建造的。)”可知，科学家们至今不

知道金字塔是如何建造的。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Tohelpmakethesepreciousresourcesaccessibletoall,DerManuelianheadstheGizaProject,anenormouscollectionofGizaphotogr

aphs,plans,drawings,objectrecords,anddiariesthatenablesonlinevisitstothesite.(为了帮助所有人都能获得这些宝贵的资源，DerManuelian领导了“Giza计划”，该计划收集了大量的Gi

za照片、平面图、图纸、实物记录和日记，使人们能够在线访问该网站。)”可知，该计划是为了让人们能够从网上获取Giza金字塔的相关信息。故选D。11．主旨大意题。文章第一段提出Giza金字塔的永恒；第二段介绍了Giza金字塔的建造非常复杂；第三段和第四段介绍了Giza金字塔让我们了

解了古埃及人们的生活、文化等；最后则介绍了Giza计划。所以本文是围绕Giza金字塔展开的。故选A。D（2022·辽宁丹东·高一期末）TheHongKongPalaceMuseum(HKPM),locatedintheWestK

owloonCulturalDistrictoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,wasestablishedonJune22andisscheduledtoo

pentothepubliconJuly2.Morethan40,000ticketsweresoldorreservedwithineighthoursonthefirstdayofpublicsale,a

ndallfreevisitsonWednesdaysinJulywerefullybooked.TheHKPM,notonlyaddstoculturalatmosphereinthecity,butalsoprovide

sanewsiteforlocalresidentsandvisitorstolearnaboutthedevelopmentofChinesecivilizationandculture.Morethan900pi

ecesoftreasuresfromthecollectionofthePalaceMuseuminBeijingwillbeputondisplayattheopeningexhibitions.Frompainti

ngstoancientarchitectures,theexhibitsspanthe5,000-yearhistoryofChinesecivilization,coveringallcategoriesofthecollection

ofthePalaceMuseum,including166piecesoffirst-classculturalrelicsofthecountry.Thiswillbethelargestandhighest-levelc

ulturalheritageexhibitionsofthePalaceMuseumoutsideofthemainlandsinceitsestablishmentin1925.Prepareworkfortheexhibitionsbeganin2

018,withthePalaceMuseumfieldingateamofleadingexpertsandscholars,associatedwiththemanageteamoftheHKPM.“Itisagreatthingtodisplaythepi

ecesofculturalrelicsinHongKong,whichreflectsthecentralgovernment’ssupporttothedevelopmentofHongKong’sculturalprojects,”saidNg,addingtha

ttheexhibitsfromthePalaceMuseumwillpresentaculturalfeasttoHongKongresidentsbytellingthemaboutthemotherland’slonghistoryandsplendidcul

ture.“PromotingtraditionalChinesecultureisoneofourimportanttasks,”saidBettyFung,chiefexecutiveofficerofWestKowloonCu

lturalDistrictAuthority.ShesaidtheHKPMwillactivelypushaheadwiththepublicityofthemotherland’scultureand

historyafteritsopening,enhancingHongKongresidents’culturalconfidenceinthecountry,especiallyamongyouths.Fung

saidthattheHKPMwillactivelyenhancecooperationwithinternationalmuseums,tellingtheworldthestoriesofChina,includingthestoriesofHongK

ong.12．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A．HongKongcitizenscanvisitthemuseumfreely.B．HongKongPalaceMuseumiswarmlywelcomed.C．HongKongcitizens

canenjoytheexhibitioninJune.D．HongKongPalaceMuseumopenswithineighthoursperday.13．WhatcanavisitorenjoyinTheHongKongPalaceMuseum?A．900pieces

offirst-classculturalrelics.B．ThehistoryofHongKongsince1925.C．Thedevelopmentofinternationalcivilization.D．Allcategoriesofthecollectiono

fthePalaceMuseum.14．WhatisBettyFung’sattitudetowardsthemuseum?A．Favorable.B．Disappointed.C．Doubtful.D．Puzzled.15．Whatca

nbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HKPM:HongKong’sCulturalAuthorityB．HKPM:CooperationwithInternationalMuseumsC．HKPM:ANewCulturalLandmarkofH

ongKongD．HKPM:ShowcaseofHongKong’sCulturalRelics【答案】12．B13．D14．A15．C【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了香港故宫博物院的成立，它是香港文化历

史上的一件大事，从此香港有了新的文化地标。12．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Morethan40,000ticketsweresoldorreservedwithineighthoursonthefirstdayofpublicsa

le,andallfreevisitsonWednesdaysinJulywerefullybooked.”（公开发售首日八小时内售出或预订的门票超过4万张，7月份每个星期三的所有免费参观门票都被预订一空。）可知，香港故宫博物院受到了游客的热烈欢迎。故选B项。13．细

节理解题。根据第二段的“Morethan900piecesoftreasuresfromthecollectionofthePalaceMuseuminBeijingwillbeputondisplayattheopeningexhibitions.Frompaintingstoancien

tarchitectures,theexhibitsspanthe5,000-yearhistoryofChinesecivilization,coveringallcategoriesofthecollectionofthePalaceMuseum”（北京故宫博物院收藏的900多件珍

品将在开幕展上展出。从绘画到古建筑，展品跨越5000年中华文明史，涵盖故宫博物院藏品的各个门类。）可知，参观者在香港故宫博物院可以欣赏到各门类的故宫博物院藏品。故选D项。14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的““Promotingtr

aditionalChinesecultureisoneofourimportanttasks,”saidBettyFung.ShesaidtheHKPMwillactivelypushaheadwiththepublicityofthemotherland’scult

ureandhistoryafteritsopening,enhancingHongKongresidents’culturalconfidenceinthecountry,especiallyamongyouths.”（BettyFung说，“弘扬中

华传统文化是我们的重要工作之一”。她表示，香港故宫博物院开门后将积极推动对祖国文化和历史的宣传，增强香港居民特别是青年对国家的文化自信。）可知，BettyFung对博物馆持赞成的态度。故选A项。15．主旨大意题。

通读全文，根据第二段的“TheHKPM,notonlyaddstoculturalatmosphereinthecity,butalsoprovidesanewsiteforlocalresidentsandvisitorstolearnaboutthedevelopmentof

Chinesecivilizationandculture.Morethan900piecesoftreasuresfromthecollectionofthePalaceMuseuminBeijingw

illbeputondisplayattheopeningexhibitions.Frompaintingstoancientarchitectures,theexhibitsspanthe5,000-yearhistoryofChinesecivilizati

on,coveringallcategoriesofthecollectionofthePalaceMuseum,including166piecesoffirst-classculturalrelicsofthecountry.Thiswillbethelar

gestandhighest-levelculturalheritageexhibitionsofthePalaceMuseumoutsideofthemainlandsinceitsestablishmentin1925.”（香港故宫博物院，

不仅增添了城市的文化氛围，也为当地居民和游客提供了一个了解中华文明和文化发展的新场所。北京故宫博物院收藏的900多件珍品将在开幕展上展出。从绘画到古建筑，展品跨越5000年中华文明史，涵盖故宫博物院藏品的各个门类，其中国家一级

文物166件。这将是故宫博物院自1925年成立以来，在大陆以外规模最大、层次最高的文化遗产展览。）可知，香港故宫博物院的成立是香港文化历史上的一件大事，为促进香港的文化发展起到了巨大的促进作用，因此C项（香港故宫博物院：香港的新文化地标）适合作为文章标题。故选C项。第二

节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2022·北京东城·高一期末）WalkingUnderLiverpoolInmostways,theEnglishcityofLiverp

oolisnodifferentfromotherlargecities.Itisfullofpeople,restaurants,museums,andshops.However,Liverpoolstandsoutinoneinterestingway.____16___

_Formanyyears,thetunnels(地道)werenearlyforgotten.Therewasnoevidencethatthetunnelswerereal.In2001,asmallgroupofcuriouspeoplewered

elightedtodiscoverthattheoldalesweretrue.Ahugenetworkoftunnelssnakedunderthecity.Wenowknowthatthetunnelswerebuiltsome

timeintheearly1800s.AmannamedJosephWilliamsondesignedthem.____17____WhydidWilliamsonwantthetunnels?Weretheyeverused?Ifso,forwhat?Wecano

nlyguess.____18____Manypeoplewerejoblessatthattime,andWilliamsonwasknowntobekind.Perhapshecameupwiththetunnelprojectsothathecouldofferpeoplej

obs.AnotherguessisthatWilliamsonusedthetunnelsforsecretbusiness.StillothersthinkthatWilliamsonbuiltthetunnelsforsafetyreasons.Perhapshewasafrai

dthatsometypeofdangerouseventwouldhappen.____19________20____Williamsondidnottellmanypeoplewhyhebuiltthetunnels.Maybehewrotedow

nhisreasonsandputthepaperssomewhereinthetunnels.Perhapsthosepaperswillonedaybefound.Fornow,themysteryoftheWill

iamsonTunnelsremains.A．Butthereisalotwestilldon’tknow.B．Theideasareinteresting,butnooneknowsthetruth.C．Underthebusystreets,therearemilesofoldtunnels

.D．Somepeoplewhostudythetunnelshavegotnewfindings.E．OneideaisthatWilliamson,whowasrich,wastryingtohelpothers.F．Nordoesan

yoneknowforsureevenhowmanyofthetunnelsthereare.G．Thetunnelswouldhaveofferedprotectionforhimselfandhislovedones.【答案】16．C17．A18．E19．G20．B【解析】本文是说明文。文章以

走在利物浦为题，介绍了英国城市利物浦与众不同的地方，在于它有许多地道及其相关知识。16．上文“However,Liverpoolstandsoutinoneinterestingway.(然而，利物浦以一种有趣的方式脱颖而出。)”可知文章开始引入主题，表明利物浦有与众不同的地方；

下文“Formanyyears,thetunnelswerenearlyforgotten.(多年来，这些地道几乎被遗忘。)”可知，利物浦脱颖而出的原因在于这些地道。C项“在繁忙的街道下，有几英里长的旧

地道。”承上启下，指出这里有很多地道，承接上文，并引起下文详细讲解这些地道。故选C项。17．上文“Wenowknowthatthetunnelswerebuiltsometimeintheearly1800s.(

我们现在知道的这些地道是在19世纪早期修建的。)”在说明我们目前所了解的地道信息；下文“WhydidWilliamsonwantthetunnels?Weretheyeverused?Ifso,forwhat?(威廉姆森为什么想要建地道?

它们曾经被使用过吗?如果被用过，做了什么呢？)”三个问句，说明依然还有有关地道不了解的信息。A项“但还有很多我们还不知道的信息。”与上文形成对照，与下文一致。故选A项。18．下文“Manypeoplewerejoblessatthattime,andWilliam

sonwasknowntobekind.Perhapshecameupwiththetunnelprojectsothathecouldofferpeoplejobs.(那时候很多人都失业了，而威廉姆森是出了名的善良。也许他提出地道工程是为了给人们提供工作。)”说

明威廉姆森建地道的其中一个原因可能是为了帮助别人。E项“其中一个想法是，富有的威廉姆森试图帮助他人。”中的tohelpothers(帮助他人)与下文一致。故选E项。19．上文“Perhapshewasafraidtha

tsometypeofdangerouseventwouldhappen.(也许他是害怕会发生什么危险的事情。)”说明他建地道或许是出于安全考虑，以保护自己。G项“地道可以保护他和他所爱的人。”与上文一致。故选G项。20．下文“Williamsondidnottellmanype

oplewhyhebuiltthetunnels.(威廉姆森没有告诉很多人他建造地道的原因。)”和“Fornow,themysteryoftheWilliamsonTunnelsremains.(目前，威廉姆斯家族关于地道的谜

团仍然存在。)”说明他建地道的原因依然都是猜测，真正的原因并没有人知道。B项“这些想法很有趣，但没有人知道真相。”nooneknowsthetruth(没有人知道真实情况)与下文内容一致。故选B项。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15

分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2022·福建·莆田第二十五中学高一期中）TheBritishIslesconsistoftwolargeislands.OneiscalledI

relandand____21____Britain.Britain,orGreatBritain,isthelargeroneofthesetwoislands,anditis____22____intothreeparts:Scotla

nd,WalesandEngland.TheUnitedKingdomisthatpartoftheBritishIsles____23____bytheQueen.ItismadeupofScotland,WalesandEngland,thatis,the____24____ofBritain

,andalsoaboutonesixthofIreland,thenorthernpart.The____25____ofIrelandisself-governing.The____26____nameoftheUnitedKingdomisthere

fore“TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland”.Englandis____27____andricherthanScotland,WalesandNorthernIrela

nd，andhasthemost____28____oftheUnitedKingdom,sopeopleoftenusethewords“England”and“English”whenthey____29____“Britain”and“Brit

ish”.ThissometimesmakestheScotsandtheWelshalittle____30____.TheScotsinparticularareveryproudoftheirseparaten

ationality.TheWelshtoodonot____31____themselvesastheEnglish,andhaveacultureand____32____alanguageoftheirown.IrelandbecamepartoftheUnitedKingd

omin1801,butforfortyyearsthe“IrishQuestion”wasthegreatestheadacheoftheUnitedKingdom.____33____,Irelandwas

dividedintotwo:NorthernIrelandstill____34____totheUnitedKingdom,andin1922therestofIreland____35____tofoundanIrishFreeState，l

atercalledEireandnowtheRepublicofIreland.TheRepublicofIrelanddoesnotregarditselfaspartofBritain,andisnotnowev

enasupporteroftheCommonwealthofNations.UnlikethemajorCommonwealthcountries,itdidnotliftafingertohelpBritishintheSecondWorl

dWarandnowwantsthewholeofIrelandtobearepublic.21．A．theoneB．theotherC．anotherD．other22．A．dividedB．cut

C．brokenD．separated23．A．watchedoutB．takenupC．defendedagainstD．ruledover24．A．halfB．partC．mostD．whole25．A．smallerB．big

gerC．restD．island26．A．correctB．trueC．fullD．last27．A．meanerB．widerC．poorerD．larger28．A．collegesB．officialsC．citiesD．populati

on29．A．sayB．coverC．showD．write30．A．angryB．cautiousC．enjoyableD．lonely31．A．respectB．rankC．electD．regard32．A．everB．evenC．seld

omD．never33．A．FinallyB．HoweverC．MeanwhileD．Instead34．A．returnsB．belongsC．refersD．adds35．A．turnedawayB．runawayC．brokeawa

yD．keptaway【答案】21．B22．A23．D24．D25．C26．C27．D28．D29．A30．A31．D32．B33．A34．B35．C【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国的地理概况、组成部分及历史渊源等。21．考查不定代词词

义辨析。句意：一个叫爱尔兰，另一个叫不列颠。A.theone这个；B.theother另一个，两个中特指另一个；其他的，加名词复数；C.another另一个；D.other其他的，加名词复数。由上文中的“twolargeislands.OneiscalledI

reland”可知，此处为两个中的另一个，故选B。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大不列颠是这两个岛屿中较大的一个，它被分为三个部分：苏格兰、威尔士和英格兰。A.divided分开；B.cut切割；C.brok

en破旧的；D.separated分离的。bedividedinto意为“被分成……”；cutinto意为“打断，侵犯”；breakinto意为“破门而入”；separate常和from搭配，意为“分离，分开”。根据“TheBritishIslesconsistoftwolarge

islands.”可知，这是指地理划分。故选A。23．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：联合王国是不列颠群岛的一部分，由女王统治。A.watchedout小心提防；B.takenup拿起，从事；C.defendedagainst防卫，保卫；D.ruledove

r统治，支配。根据“TheUnitedKingdom”就是“theBritishIsles”中被女王统治的那一部分。故选D。24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它由苏格兰、威尔士和英格兰，也就是整个不列颠，以及北部的爱尔兰的六分之一组成。A.half半；B.par

t部分；C.most大部分；D.whole全部。由第一段最后一句可知，Britain是由Scotland，Wales和England三部分组成，所以说以上三部分就是整个的Britain。故选D。25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：爱尔兰其余地区实行自治。A.smaller更小的；B.big

ger更大的；C.rest其余的；D.island岛的。根据“thatis,the4ofBritain,andalsoaboutonesixthofIreland,thenorthernpart.”爱尔兰分为两部分，北部为英国

统治，其他部分自治。故选C。26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，联合王国的全称是“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国”。A.correct正确的；B.true真的；C.full完全的，全部的；D.last最后的。根据“TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritai

nandNorthernIreland”可知，此处指英国的全称。fullname“全名”。故选C。27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英格兰比苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰更大、更富有，是联合王国人口最多的国家，所以人们在说“不列颠”和“

英国人”时，经常使用“England”和“English”这两个词。A.meaner更吝啬；B.wider更宽的；C.poorer更穷的；D.larger更大的。根据“andricherthanScotland,WalesandNorthernIrela

nd”可知，England比其他的地方更大(larger),更富有。故选D。28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：英格兰比苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰更大、更富有，是联合王国人口最多的国家，所以人们在说“不列颠”和“英国人”时，经常使用“England”和“English”这两个词。A.colleges大学；

B.officials官员；C.cities城市；D.population人口。只有人口最多，再加上面积最大和人民最富有，才能使人们提起Britain和British这两个词时常用England和English来代替。故选D。29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：英格兰比苏格兰、

威尔士和北爱尔兰更大、更富有，是联合王国人口最多的国家，所以人们在说“不列颠”和“英国人”时，经常使用“England”和“English”这两个词。A.say说；B.cover覆盖；C.show显示；D.write写。表示当人们说Britain和British时，常常用England和Engli

sh这两个单词。故选A。30．考查形容词词义辨析。这有时会让苏格兰人和威尔士人有点生气。A.angry生气的；B.cautious谨慎的；C.enjoyable快乐的；D.lonely寂寞的。根据“ThissometimesmakestheScotsa

ndtheWelshalittle”可知，因为Wales和Scotland都属于Britain，所以这样做自然让威尔土人和苏格兰人都有点生气（angry）。故选A。31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：威尔士人也不认为自己

是英格兰人，他们有自己的文化，甚至有自己的语言。A.respect尊重；B.rank排列；C.elect选举，选择；D.regard注重，考虑。根据“TheWelshtoodonot”此处表示威尔士人也不把自己看作（regard）英国人。故选D。32．考查副词词义辨

析。句意：威尔士人也不认为自己是英格兰人，他们有自己的文化，甚至有自己的语言。A.ever曾经；B.even甚至；C.seldom很少，难得；D.never从来没有。根据“TheWelshtoodonot11themselvesastheEnglish,andhaveaculturea

nd”威尔士人有自己的文化，甚至有自己的语言。故选B。33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，爱尔兰被一分为二：北爱尔兰仍然属于联合王国，1922年，爱尔兰的其他地方分离出来，建立了爱尔兰自由州，后来被称为爱尔兰，现在的爱尔兰共和

国。A.Finally最后；B.However然而；C.Meanwhile与此同时；D.Instead代替。根据“IrelandbecamepartoftheUnitedKingdomin1801,butforfortyyearsthe‘IrishQue

stion’wasthegreatestheadacheoftheUnitedKingdom.”可知，爱尔兰最终被分为两部分。finally意为“最后”。故选A。34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，爱尔兰被一分为二：北爱尔兰仍然属于联合王国，1922年，爱尔兰的其他地方分离出来，建

立了爱尔兰自由州，后来被称为爱尔兰，现在的爱尔兰共和国。A.returns返回；B.belongs属于；C.refers参考；D.adds增加。根据“andin1922therestofIreland15tofoundanIrishFreeState，”可知，NorthernIreland仍旧属于

theUnitedKingdom。belongto意为“属于”，故选B。35．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：最后，爱尔兰被一分为二：北爱尔兰仍然属于联合王国，1922年，爱尔兰的其他地方分离出来，建立了

爱尔兰自由州，后来被称为爱尔兰，现在的爱尔兰共和国。A.turnedaway避开，解雇；B.runaway逃跑；C.brokeaway脱离，放弃；D.keptaway远离，回避。根据“andin1922therestofIreland15tofoundanIrishFr

eeState，”1922年爱尔兰剩余的部分脱离了出来。词组breakaway表示“脱离”。故选C。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)（2022·福建福州·高一期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Haveyouever

beentoNewYorkCity?Therearemanyexcitingthingstosee.OnesightisthefamousBrooklynBridge.It____36____(build)morethan100yearsago.AnotheristheEmpireSt

ateBuilding.Itisoneofthe____37____(tall)buildingsintheworld.Youcantakealiftridetothetopofthebuilding.Fromthere,youc

anseeformiles.Oneofthebestthings____38____(see)inNewYorkistheStatueofLiberty.ItstandsonLibertyIslandinNewYorkHarbor.Thebestwaytoseet

hestatueistogotoBatteryPark,____39____whereyoucantakeaboattoLibertyIsland.TheStatueofLibertyis151feetin____40____(high

).ItwasgiventotheUnitedStatesbyFrancein1884.Thestatueisawoman____41____(hold)atorch,andshestandsforfreedom.Since1886,millionsofpeople

____42____(visit)theStatueofLiberty.Formanypeople____43____cameherebyshipfromothercountries,theStatueofLiberty____44____(be)thefirstthing

theysaw.Itis_____45_____importantsymbolofAmerica.【答案】36．wasbuilt37．tallest38．tosee39．from40．height41．holding42．havevisited43．who/that44．was45．an【解析

】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纽约的几个著名景点——布鲁克林大桥、帝国大厦和自由女神像。36．考查时态和语态。句意：它建于100多年前。根据时间状语morethan100yearsago可知，句子时态用一般过去时。主语it和build之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，be

动词用was。故填wasbuilt。37．考查形容词最高级。句意：另一个是帝国大厦，它是世界上最高的建筑之一。结合“intheworld”可知句子符合“oneof+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”结构。故填tallest。38．考查非谓语动词。句意：纽约最值得一

看的景点之一是自由女神像，它矗立在纽约港的自由岛上。形容词最高级修饰名词，后跟不定式作后置定语。故填tosee。39．考查介词。句意：参观这座雕像最好的方式是去炮台公园，从那里你可以乘船去自由岛。本句为“介词+关系词”引导的非限定性定语从句，句中先行词为BatteryPark，结合句意可

知，表示“从炮台公园可以乘船去自由岛”，所以用介词from。故填from。40．考查名词。句意：自由女神像高151英尺，1884年由法国赠送给美国。作介词的宾语，所以用名词height，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填height。41．考查非谓语动词。句意：这座雕

像是一个手持火炬的女人，她代表着自由。句子谓语动词是is，空格处填入非谓语动词，名词woman与hold之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填holding。42．考查时态。句意：自1886年以来，数百万人参观了自由女神像。根据时间状语Since18

86可知，句子用现在完成时态，主语是millionsofpeople，助动词用have。故填havevisited。43．考查定语从句。句意：对于许多从其他国家坐船来到这里的人来说，自由女神像是他们看到的第一件东西。句中先行词为people，指

人，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。44．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：对于许多从其他国家坐船来到这里的人来说，自由女神像是他们看到的第一件东西。根据前后句子的时态可知，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，主语为专有名词，谓

语动词用第三人称单数was。故填was。45．考查冠词。句意：它是美国的一个重要象征。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，important以元音音素开头的，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节应用文写作(满分15分)（20

22·广东·广州市第二中学高一期中）请根据以下内容，写一篇介绍伦敦的短文。位置在大不列颠的东南部，是首都，也是最大的城市面积人口1,605平方公里，人口700万气候冬暖夏凉，全年雨水充沛(abundantrainfal

l)名胜地历史胜地，伦敦塔、议会中心、威斯敏斯特大教堂、白金汉宫等，吸引了世界各地的游客。地位国家的政治、文化、教育中心，也是世界最重要的文娱中心之一；有很多著名的音乐剧，话剧和戏剧是在伦敦西部的剧院里编排和首演的。[写作要求]1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】

London,locatedinthesoutheastoftheUK,isthecapitalofthecountrywithapopulationofsevenmillion.Coveringanareaof1,605squarekilometers,

LondonisthelargestcityoftheUK.Itiswarminwinterandcoolinsummer,anditalsohasabundantrainfallthroughouttheyear.Therearemanyculturalreli

csandfamousbuildingsinLondon,suchasLondonTower,BritishParliamentCentre,WestminsterAbbeyandBuckinghamPalace,whichattractlotso

ftouristsfromallovertheworld.Asthepolitical,culturalandeducationalcenterofthecountry,LondonisalsooneofthemostimportantCulture&E

ntertainmentcentersintheworld.Manywell-knownmusicals,moderndramasandplayswerestagedandpremieredintheatresinwestLondon.T

herefore,Londoniswellworthvisitingforpeopleallaroundtheworld.【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生按照图表信息，用英语写一篇介绍伦敦的短文。【详解】1.词汇积累位于：locatedin→situatedin吸引：attract→

appealto重要的：important→vital/significant值得：worth→valuable2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：London,locatedinthesoutheastoftheUK,isthecapitalof

thecountrywithapopulationofsevenmillion.拓展句：Londonisthecapitalofthecountrywithapopulationofsevenmillion,whichislocatedinthesoutheastoftheU

K.【点睛】【高分句型1】Coveringanareaof1,605squarekilometers,LondonisthelargestcityoftheUK.(运用现在分词作状语的高级表达)【高分句型2】Therearemanyculturalrelicsan

dfamousbuildingsinLondon,suchasLondonTower,BritishParliamentCentre,WestminsterAbbeyandBuckinghamPalace,whichattractlotso

ftouristsfromallovertheworld.(运用which引导的非限制性定语从句)第二节读后续写(满分25分)（2022·黑龙江·佳木斯一中高一开学考试）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使

之构成一个完整的故事。TheeventthatstandsoutinTom’smemoryhappenedonemorningwhenTomwasonlytenyearsold.Hewasathomewi

thhiseldersisterJane.Tomwasdoinghishomeworkwhenheheardraisedvoices.Atfirsthethoughtnothingofitsincecustomer

sinthemotorcycleshopdirectlybelowtheirflatoftenbecameloud,buthesoonrealizedthistimeitwasdifferent.“Quick!Quick!Removethemotorcyclesfromthesh

op.”someoneyelled.Thenathickburningsmellfilledtheair.WhenTomopenedthefrontdooroftheirflattoinvestigate,athickcloudofsmokegreetedhim.Themotorcyclesh

ophadcaughtfireandpeoplewererunningandcrying.Jane,whohadbeenplayingtheviolininherroom,hurriedtothelivingroom.Theyrushedoutofthedooran

dalongthecorridor（走廊）throughthesmoke.TheywereheadingtowardsthestairwayatthefarendofthecorridorwhenJanestoppedinhertrack.Sheturnedaround

andheadedbackthewaytheycame.Tomhadnoideawhatshewasdoing,buthefollowedsuit.Janehadsuddenlyrememberedtheladyinher70swholi

vednextdoortothem,whotheycalledMakcik,Malayforauntie.JanebeganbangingonMakcik’sdoor,butgotnoanswer.Asthesmokethickenedaroundthem,Tomcoulds

eemanyoftheirneighbors—somestillintheirpyjamas—runningforsafety.Thethoughtoffearcrossedhismind.“Shewouldhaverunforsafetyl

ikeeveryoneelse!”Tomcried.However,Janerefusedtogiveup.“IknowMakcik’sstillinside.”ShesaidshewasfamiliarwithMakcik’sdailyroutineandwa

scertainshewouldstillbesleeping.Shepoundedthedoor.“Godownstairs.Gonow!Go!”注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3.续写部分分为两段，每

段的开头语已为你写好；4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph1:Tomnoticedtheflamewasreachingup.___________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph2:Luckily,someneighborspassingbystoppedandofferedhelp._____________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______【答案】Onepossibleversion:Tomnoticedtheflamewasreachingup.Frozenwithfear,hestoodrootedtothespot.Hecomprehendedthegravit

yofthesituationandheldJane’shandtightly.Bythen,bothofthemwerecoughingandtheireyeswerestinging.Timeseemedtostandstill,thoughtheywereprobablyth

ereforonlytwoorthreeminutes.TombeggedJanetorunforsafetyasquicklyaspossible.Janetriedtoshieldhernosefromthechokingsmokeandshookher

head.Shekeptpoundingagainstthedoor.Tomburstoutcrying.Luckily,someneighborspassingbystoppedandofferedhelp.Asenseofstrengthimmediate

lyreplacedthemountingfearandanxietyinJane’smind.ShetoldthemMs.Makcikmustbestillintheroom.Theyforcedthedooropenwithall

theirmight.Sureenough,Makcikwaslyinginbed,unconscious.Shewascarrieddownstairsandthenrushedtothehospital,whereshefinallycametoherself.Peoplei

ntheneighborhoodfeltrelievedandJaneandTom’sjoywasimmense.【解析】汤姆家楼下的汽车店发生了火灾，汤姆和姐姐Jane赶紧从家里从出来逃生。快到走廊尽头的时候，Jane突然停了下来，往回跑去。原来，

她是要去救同住一楼的70多岁的Makcik。所给短文写到Jane坚持不懈的敲Makcik的门。要求学生续写这个故事。所给故事比较好理解，主要考查学生的基本理解能力和表达能力。所给范文符合故事的情节发展，突出了“正能

量”。范文中，不仅描述了人物的具体行动，还描述了人物的内心感受，内容充实，符合实际。