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13.概要写作一A(2019·温州高考适应性考试)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Highschoolexittestsareteststhatstudentsmustpasstograduatefromhighschool.In

thelastfewyears，however，anumberofstatesinAmericahavedroppedthem.Althoughsomestatesstillusethemfordiplomas，thenumberisdownfromahighof

27statesduringthetestingcrazepromotedbyNoChildLeftBehind(NCLB)．Theappearanceofthisphenomenonisasmallwonder.Resea

rchesclearlyshowthatexittestshavelittlepositiveeffectsonstudents.A2014reportfoundexittestingwasassociatedwithlowergraduationrates，nega

tivelyaffectedlabormarketoutcomes，and，mostalarmingly，produceda12.5percentincreaseinincarceration(监禁)rates.Exitexams，thes

tudyconcluded，hadtendedtoaddlittlevalueformoststudents.Exittestingreliesonthefollowingassumptions.Oneisthatstandardizedtestingcanservea

sakindof“qualitycontrol”forhighschoolgraduates，guaranteeingthatgraduatesarecollegeready.Theotheristhattheyhavepredic

tingvalueforfuturesuccessinacademicsituations.Butthereislittleevidence.Thetestsdon’texactlymeasurewhattheypretendtomeasure.Forexa

mple，qualitiessuchasintelligence，academicability，collegereadinessarenotdetermined.Thosethatshouldbedevelopedinallyoungpeople，lik

eresponsibility，criticalthinking，andempathy(同理心)，arenotmeasured，either.Evensupportersofexittestshaveacknowledgedthattheydon’toffe

rreliabledata.Thus，moreandmorepeoplearesuggestingthatexittestscoresoughttobejustonecomponentofthehighschooldiploma.Scho

olsshouldconsidermanyotherrecordsincludingcreditsearned，coursestaken，activities，service，projectsandotherelementsofacademicaccomplishmentso

thatstudentscanbeevaluatedflexibly.Inotherwords，exittestscoresshouldneverbetheonlycriterionforhighschooldiplomas.参考范文Highs

choolexittestshavebeencancelledinsomestatesinAmericainrecentyears.Thisisnotsurprisingbecausestudiesshowtheyd

olittlegoodtostudents.Insteadofensuringcollegereadinessandacademicsuccess，theyactuallydon’tmeasurewhatshouldbemeasur

ed.Therefore，exittestscoresshouldonlybeonepartofthestandardsofhighschooldiplomas.2B阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It’sareallygoodideatovisitcolleges

beforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybe

liketoliveonacollegecampus(校园)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms，classroomsandathleticequipmentand，ofcourse，thestude

nts.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses，anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareap

plyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife，anddoalltheresearchyoucanto

makesureyouaremakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact，alotofcollegeap

plicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus，andobviously，ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon’tbeasmuchofapo

ssibility，butifyoulivenearby，gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply，attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometime

betweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheart

acheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon’tlikeaboutcertaincampuses，thingsthatyouwouldn’tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now，ifti

meandmoneyaremakingitimpossible，thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It’sachancetochatonlinewith

admissionsofficers，students，andcollegecounselors(顾问)，anditwon’tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairatcollegeweeklive.com.

Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan’ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit，itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyo

umakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou’dliketoattend.参考范文It’sreallyworthwhiletopayavisittotheirdesiredcollegespersonallybefore

applying.Undoubtedly，studentsshouldvisittheirlocalcolleges，whichmaybeincludedinapplications.Atleast，theyshouldvisittheschoolandfi

gureoutitsrealconditionsinadvance.Forstudentswhoareshortofmoneyandtime，registeringfortheonlinecollegefairisagoodalternativetohelpthembetter

understandschools.二A阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Withtheincreasinglygrowingpopularityofdistanceeducation，studentsarenowab

letostudyathomebythemselves.Someexpertsineducationareadvocatesoftheindividualwayoflearning，whileothereducationalists

stronglyopposeit，claimingthatthisnewapproachmayleadtolowacademicperformance.Inmyopinion，groupstudy(studyingasagroup)h

asmoretooffer，and3thereforeweshouldalwaysputgroupstudyfirst.Itistruethatweshouldvalueindividualism，pridingourselvesonourindependenceandourrightstomak

eupourownminds.This，however，doesnotnecessarilymeanthat，withself­relianceinmind，wecanalwaysstartacoursethatleadstosuccess，nomatterwhatwedo.Afte

rall，sometimesthingsgotheotherwayaround.Letusbeginbyhavingacloseexaminationofstudying，whichmightinvolveinteractionbetweente

achersandstudentsatfirstthought.Butdoescommunicationamonglearnerscount？Theanswerisabsolutely“Yes”．Bychangingthough

tswithourstudypartners，wecanhaveawiderrangeofknowledgeofthesubjectandoftenatadeeperlevel；bycomparingwithotherstud

ents，wecangetaclearideaofwherewearesothatwemaybemotivatedtoworkhardtokeeppacewithothersifwelagbehind.I

tisknowntoallthathumansare“gregarious(群居的)animals”．Notonlydowestudyorplaytogether，butalsoweworkingroups.

Almostallmembersofoursocietyneedtogainsocialskillsinpreparationfortheircareers，andstudyingwithotherpeopleoffe

rsthegreatestopportunitytolearnhowtocommunicateandcooperatewithothers.Peoplewhostudyallbythemselvesmayprovetheirlearningabilities，buttheymaynotsu

rviveinthecompetitivejobmarket，fortheylackrelevantsocialskills.Whileweshouldencouragestudentstodeveloptheirownmindset，theimportantrol

eplayedbygroupstudyshouldneverbeundervalued.Allinall，studentswhostudyindependentlymightneedtochangetheirstudyinghabitsinordertoachiev

esuccessinthefuture.参考范文Despitethepopularityofindependentlearning，Iholdthebeliefthatgroupstudycanbenefitusmore.Interactionwithpeersi

snolessimportantthanindependenceinachievingsuccess.Meanwhile，socialskillsthatplayasignificantroleinpeople’scareerscanbelearnedfromgroupstudy

.Toconclude，groupstudyshouldnotbeundervaluedifwewanttobesuccessfulinthefuture.B阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Mostofushavequitegoodmemories，

butourmemoriesarelimited.Forexample，wecannotremembereveryonewehaveevermetorwhatwedidoneverysingledayofourlives.However，therear

esomepeoplewhodohaveexcellentmemories.Thesepeoplehavearareconditionknownassavantsyndrome(学者综合症)．Savantssufferfrom

adevelopmentaldisorder，buttheyalsoexhibitgreattalentsthatcontrast(形成对比)sharplywiththeirphysicalandmentaldisabilities.KimPeek(1951－200

9)wasasavantwholivedinSaltLakeCity，Utah，theUnitedStates.Hewasbornwithdamagetopartsofhisbrain，butitseemedthatotherpartsofhisbr

ain，particularlythoserelatedtomemory，becameoverdeveloped.4Peek’suniqueabilitiesappearedataveryearlyage.Whenhewasjust20monthsold，hecouldalreadyremem

bereverybookheread.Peekcouldreadtwopagesofabookatthesametime—onepagewiththerighteyeandtheotherwiththeleft—inlessthan10secondsandremembereverythin

gheread.Bythetimehedied，Peekhadmemorizedmorethan9,000books.DrDavidTreffert，anexpertonsavantsyndrome，oncedescribedPeekas“awalkingGoogle”becauseofh

isastonishingabilitytomemorizeandconnectfacts.However，atthesametime，Peekwasunabletocarryoutsimpletasks，suchasbrushinghishairorgettingdressed，andhen

eededotherstohelphim.In1989，themovieRainManwontheOscarforBestPicture.Themaincharacterinthemovie，playedbyDustinHoffman，wasbasedonKimPee

k.AfterPeekbecamefamousforthemovie，hestartedtoappearontelevision，whereheamazedaudiencesbycorrectlyansweringdiffic

ultquestionsondifferenttopics.Heandhisfatherbegantouringwidelytotalkaboutovercomingdisabilities.Heinspiredagreatmanypeoplewithhiswor

ds.“Recognizingandrespectingdifferencesinothers，andtreatingeveryoneinthewayyouwantthemtotreatyou，willmakeourworldabetterplaceforeveryone.Ev

eryoneisdifferent.”参考范文Somepeoplesufferingfromsavantsyndromedisplaygreatcontrastbetweentheirmemoriesanddisabilities.KimPeekwasatypicalexampl

eofthem.Sinceearlychildhood，hecouldrememberalmosteverythinghehadreadbutwasunabletodosimplechores.Afteramoviewhichwasbasedon

PeekandwontheOscarwasscreened，Peekbecamefamousandtheninspiredotherstorecognizeandrespectdifferencesinpeople.三A阅读下面短文

，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Tryingtomakeabigdecisionwhileyou’realsopreparingforastressfulpresentation？Youmightwanttoholdoffonthat.Feeling

stressedchangeshowpeopleweighriskandreward.AnarticlepublishedinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalSciencesuggestspeopleunderstresspaymor

eattentiontothepositivesideofapossibleoutcome.“It’sabitsurprisingthatstressmakespeoplefocusonthewaythingscouldgoright，”saysMaraM

atheroftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Sheco­wrotethereviewpaperwithNicholeR．Lighthall.“Thisissortofnotwhatpeoplewouldthink，”

Mathersays.“Stressisusuallyassociatedwithnegativeexperiences，soyou’dthink，maybeI’mgoingtobemorefocusedonthenegativeout

comes.”Butresearchershavefoundthatwhenpeopleareunderstress，theystartpayingmoreattentiontopositiveinformatio

nanddiscountingnegativeinformation.“Stressseemstohelppeoplelearnfrompositivefeedbackandimpair(削弱)theirlearningfromnegativefe

edback，”Mathersays.5Whenpeopleunderstressaremakingadifficultdecision，theymaypaymoreattentiontothegoodsidesofthealternativest

hey’reconsideringandlesstotheproblems.Sosomeonewho’sdecidingwhethertotakeanewjobandisfeelingstressedbythedecisionmightfocusonthei

ncreaseinsalarymorethanthelongercommute(上下班路程)．Theincreasedfocusonthepositivesalsohelpsexplainwhystressplaysaroleinevoking

addictions.Peopleunderstresshaveahardertimecontrollingtheirurges.“Thecompulsiontogettherewardcomesstrongerandthey’relessabletoresistit，”Mathersays.St

ressalsoincreasesthedifferencesinhowmenandwomenthinkaboutrisks.Whenmenareunderstress，theybecomeevenmore

willingtotakerisks；whenwomenarestressed，theygetmoreconservative.Previousresearchbacksthisup—atdifficulttimes，mentendtowardfightorflightre

sponse，whilewomentrytobondmorewithothersandimprovetheirrelationships.参考范文Stresscanaffectdecision­making，andfeel

ingstressedmayleadpeopletobemoreoptimistic.Surprisingasitmaysound，stresscanreallymakepeopleconcentra

temoreonpositivethingsandlessonnegativeones.Bothjob­hoppingandaddictionscanwellexplaintheinfluenceofstressondecision­making.Nevertheless，men

andwomenunderpressurerespondquitedifferentlyinthefaceofrisks.B阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Iftherewasonethingyoucould

makeparentsunderstandaboutkids，whatwoulditbe？ThatisoneofthequestionsTFKandKidsHealth.orgrecentlyaskedinananonymous(匿名的)surveyconductedonline.More

than8,000kidsanswered.“Wejustwanttospendtimewithyou，”saida12­year­old.“At13，youcan’ttreatmelikeI’m6，”anotherkids

aid.An11­year­oldwrote，“Beingakidisalotharderthanitlooks.”Thekidswhotookoursurveymadeitclearthattheywanttofeelcloseto

theimportantpeopleintheirlives—theirmom，dadandothercaringadults.Buttheiranswersalsoshowthatitisnotalwaysea

sytodealwiththesecloserelationships.Manykids—twooutofthree—saidtheygetalongprettywellorverywellwiththeirparents.Abo

utfouroutoffivekidstoldusthattheyhavefunwiththeirpar­ents.Butthatdoesn’tmeantheyneverdisagree.Infact，mostkidsreportedarguingwit

htheirparents，atleastsometimes.“It’sabsolutelynormaltodisagreeandargue，”saysD’ArcyLyness，achildpsychologist.“Butit’salsoimportanttolearnhowtodosore

spectfully.”Abouthalfofthekidssaidtheyaredoingthat.Whentheydisagreewiththeirparents，theysaytheydiscussissuescalmly.

Buttwooutoffivekidssaidargumentstendtoinvolveyellingateachother.Lynesspointsoutthatshoutingneverhelps.“Speakup，andletyourparentsknowyou

rideasandyouropinions，”sheadvises.“Butbepatient.Don’tusearaised，angryvoice.”6Kidsmadeitclearthattheywouldratheravoidconflictaltogether.Notsurprisi

ngly，threeoutoffourkidsadmittedlyingattimes.Manysaidtheylietoavoidgettingintroubleordisappointingtheirparents.AccordingtoLyness，lyingisn’tjustwro

ng.Itcanactuallygetnegativeresults.Tellingthetruthbuildstrust.“Whenparentscantrustyou，theyaremorelikelytog

iveyoumorefreedomandmoreprivileges，”shesays.参考范文Arecentsurveyshowsthatmostkidswanttofeelclosetotheimp

ortantpeopleintheirlives.However，itisnotalwayseasytodealwiththesecloserelationships.Manykidscangetalongwellwithp

arents，butsometimestheydisagree，whichisabsolutelynormal.Whenfacingconflict，speakingupcanhelp，butbeingpatientisvery

important.However，kidswouldratheravoidconflictbytellinglies.