【文档说明】Unit 4 Space Exploration-2022-2023学年高一英语单元词汇、句型、语法、题型完美精练（人教版2019版必修第三册）.docx，共(14)页，36.865 KB，由envi的店铺上传

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Unit4SpaceExplorationPartOne词汇句式一遍过I.阅读障碍词——写出下列单词的汉语意思1.solaradj.____________2.universen.____________3.giantadj.____________n.____

________4.oxygenn.____________5.monitorn.____________vt.____________6.agencyn.____________7.transmitvt.&vi.____________8.datan.[pl.]___________

_9.spacecraftn.____________10.currentadj.____________n.____________11.sufficientadj.____________12.facilityn.____________13.patternn.___________

_14.high-endadj.____________II.核心四会词——根据汉语写出单词1.____________n.宇航员；太空人2.____________n.重力；引力3.____________n.人

造卫星；卫星4.____________vt.&n.发射；发起；上市5.____________n.渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望6.____________vt.回收利用；再利用7.____________n

.肌肉；实力；影响力8.____________n.缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏9.____________vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮动；使漂流10.____________adv.否则；要不然11.____________prep.在更远处；超出12.____________a

dj.热衷的；渴望的13.____________adj.致命的；灾难性的14.____________adj.肤浅的；浅的15.____________n.资源；财力；物力16.____________vt.系；绑；贴III.拓展延伸词——根据词性和汉语意思写单词1.mentaladj.精

神的；思想的→____________adv.精神上，智力上2.intelligentadj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→____________n.智慧，智力3.determinevt.查明；确定；决定→____

________adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→____________n.决心4.disappointvt.使失望→____________adj.失望的；沮丧的→____________n.失望→____________

adj.令人失望的5.independentadj.独立的；自立的→____________adv.独立地；自立地→____________n.独立6.globen.地球；世界；地球仪→____________adj.全球的7.arguevt

.&vi.论证；争辩；争论→____________n.争论；争吵；论点8.analysevt.分析，解析→____________n.(pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果9.regularadj.定期的；经常的；正常的→___________

_adv.经常；定期地10.limitvt.限制；限定n.界限；限度→____________adj.有限的→____________adj.无限的IV.重点短语英汉互译(i)课内基础达标1.____________继续做，坚持干2.____________在宇

宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上3.____________抱着……的希望4.____________为了；以便5.____________提供某人生活所需；供养某人6.____________弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白7._________

___最后8.promotetechnologicalimprovement____________9.thesecretsoftheuniverse____________10.ashallowview____________11.resul

tin____________12.runout____________(ii)课外拓展延伸1.____________下定决心做某事2.____________使某人感到(非常)失望的是3.____________示意某人做某事4.____________因缺乏……5.

____________认为……非常有意义6.giveout____________7.resultfrom____________8.goonboard____________9.arguefor/againststh____________10.beyondexpectation

____________V.经典句式过关练(i)课内基础达标——补全句子1.这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。(makesb＋adj.)Thesedisasters_________________

_______,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.2.把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。(be＋adj./n.＋todosth)Sendingpeop

letootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystem________________________.3.睡觉的时候，他们必须把自己固定在某物上，以防止四处飘荡。(状语从句的省略)____________,theymustattachth

emselvestosomethingsoastopreventfloatingaround.4.后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。(不定式作后置定语)Afterwards,th

eUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace，andon12April1961，YuriGagarin________________________.(ii)课外拓展延伸——补全句子1.当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时，他们的父亲出现了。(disappoint

ment)Asthetwins________________________,theirfatherappeared.2.年轻人追求更好生活的愿望更强烈，也更善于利用互联网寻找商机。(desire)Youngpeople________________________and

aremoreskilledinusingtheInternettolookforbusinessopportunities.3.在未来，爱护环境将变得很重要，因为地球的自然资源濒临枯竭。(runout)Inthefutu

re,carefortheenvironmentwillbecomeveryimportantas________________________.4.由于缺乏人类保护，长江江豚的数量变得越来越少。(lack)________________________,the

numberofYangtzeFinlessPorpoiseisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.PartTwo核心考点基础练I.词形变化练1.Becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannot________(re

cycle).2.Itis________(universe)acknowledgedthatwealthdoesn’tnecessarilymeanhappiness.3.ThereisnodenyingthatChina’secono

myplaysanimportantroleinthe________(globe)economy.4.Weprefertodescribeemotional________(intelligent)asaspecificset

ofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.5.Weheadedtothebar,________(signal)tothegirlthatshecouldtakepartinthecampaign________(launch)bythecom

pany.6.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,________(independent),confidenceandcompetence.7.________(limit)tho

ughtimewas,theymanagedtoachievemuchaftertakingaseriesofmeasures.8.Bytakingexercise________(regular),Ihavegrownhealthynotonlyphysicall

y,butalsomentally(mental)inthepastfewyears.II.固定用法练1.Ithasalwaysbeenanattractionforthosewhoarekeen________anythingthatisChinese.2.Althoughherdescrip

tionsoundedwonderful,thepricewas________ourrange,sowedeclined.3.Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized，otherwisethey________(accomplish)

thetaskinhalfthetime.4.Wemustcarry________tillsuccessinspiteofvariouschallengesanddifficulties.5.Mary,mybestfriend,isoneof

thestudentswho________(choose)toattendtheinternationalmeetingonbehalfofourcountry.6.Inaword,IcanintroduceChinesepaintingtoourguestswhile__

______(offer)themguidance.7.Researchhasshownthathavingapreferenceforjunkfoodcanresult________obesity.8.________(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimp

ortantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.PartThree高考题型强化练I.阅读理解AHaveyouevernoticedthatthestarssometimesappearbrighterinDecember,Januaryan

dFebruary?There’salinkbetweencoldairandthenightlights.“Partofthereasonisthatittendstobedrierinthewinter,”saidDianeTurnshek,anastronome

ratCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Eventhoughit’sinvisible,moisture(水分)canchangethewaylightmovesthroughtheair

.Andinthesummer,moisturecanmakestarsappearmoredull.Airtemperatureisalsowhatputsthetwinkleinthelittlestars.“Evenonveryclearnights,someof

theatmosphereiscooler,andsomeoftheatmosphereiswarmer,”saidTurnshek,whoalsoworkswiththeAlleghenyObserva

tory.Andwhenthelightfromastarpassesthroughthosebubblesofvaryingtemperatures,theybendandshiftthelight,sothatweareseeing

starsappeartodanceortwinkle,shesaid.ForstarloversintheUnitedStates,there’sanotherfactorthatcomesintoplayforbrightwint

erstars,althoughthisisamatterofcoincidence.DuringEarth’sjourneyaroundthesun,“therearejustsimplymorebrightstarsvisiblefromtheNorthernHemispherein

thewintersky,”Turnsheksaid.Ifyoureallywanttoseeashinystar,justtrytofindaburningballofgascalledSiriusnearthehorizon.At8.6lightyearsaway

,SiriusisrelativelyclosetoEarthandthebrighteststarvisibleinthenightsky.Itisalsolarge—nearlytwiceasbigasoursunand20timesasbrightasit.Sothiswint

er,whentheworldturnscoldanditseemslikeweshouldbespendingmoretimeindoors,consideraskinganadulttogoexploringoutside.Withawarmco

atandaclearsky,anynightcanbeturnedintoatreasurehunt.Allyouhavetodoislookup.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dull”inParagraph1probablymean?A.

notshinyB.notexcitingC.notsevereD.notsmart2.Howdoesairtemperatureinfluencethebrightnessofstars?A.Byc

hangingthebubblesaroundthem.B.Byputtingthetwinkleinthem.C.Byvaryingthedirectionofthelightfromthem.D.Bymakingthestarsda

nceandtwinkleinthesky.3.WhatdoweknowaboutSirius?A.Itcanbefoundatanynight.B.Itis20timesasbrightasthesun.C.Itisaburninganddullball.D.Itisclosert

oEarththanotherstars.4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toadvocatestargazinginwinter.B.Toc

allonpeopletofocusonstars.C.Topresentnewresearchresultsaboutstars.D.Toexplainwhystarsaremorevisibleinwinter.BA293-mil

lion-milejourneyoftheNASAPerseverancerover(探测器)toMarsendedsuccessfullyonFebruary18,2021,withapicture-perfectlandinginsidethe

JezeroCrater.Thecar-sized,six-wheeledrover,nicknamedPercy,istheUSspaceagency’sbiggestandmostadvancede

xplorertodate.Itsprimarymissionistosearchforsignsofancientmicrobial(微生物的)lifeonMars.LandingonMarsisextremelytricky.TheRe

dPlanet’sgravitational(引力的)pullcausesapproachingspacecrafttogofastertohighspeeds，whileitsthinatmosphere—j

ust1percentthatofEarth’s—doeslittletohelpslowitdownasitapproachesthesurface.ThescientistshadtoreducePercy’s12,000mphsp

eedtoasafelandingspeedoflessthanfivemph—injustsixandahalfminutes.Thetargetentryanglealsohadtobeaprecise12de

grees—anysteeper,andthespacecraftwouldburnup;anyflatter,anditwouldgetlostinspace.Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe“sevenminut

esofterror”.Uponattainingamanageablespeed,PercybrieflyflewovertheMartiansurfacetoseekouttheperfectlandingspot.Itscomplexmap-readingsystem

rapidlyscannedtheareaandmatcheditwithmapsinitsdatabasetofindthebestlocation.TheNASAscientistswillspendthenexttwomonthstestingPercy’sscientificinstru

ments.Onceready,theroverwillbegintocarryoutitsmission.“Perseveranceisthesmartestrobotevermade,butconfirmingthatmicrobiallifeonceexistedcarri

esanunusuallylargeburdenofproof,”saidLoriGlaze,directorofNASA’sPlanetaryScienceDivision.“Whilewe’lllearnalotwiththegreatinst

rumentswehaveaboardtherover,itmayverywellrequirethefarmorewell-equippedlaboratoriesanddelicateinstrumentsbackhereonEarthtotelluswhetheroursamples(

样本)carryevidencethatMarsonceharboredlife.”5.WhatistheextraordinarychallengefortherovertolandonMars?A.Thespeedreduction.B.Theatmosphere

analysis.C.Thelocationsearch.D.Thetimemanagement.6.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Waystofindtheprecis

eentryangle.B.Consequencesofwrongentrydegree.C.Factorstosurvive“thesevenminutes”.D.Reasonsforthenecessit

yofspeedreducing.7.Whatdoes“it”refertoinParagraph4?A.Thespot.B.Thearea.C.Thesystem.D.Thesurface.8.Whatcan

beinferredfromLoriGlaze’swords?A.Instrumentsaboardtheroverarenotquitereliable.B.Perseveranceisabletocollectenoughevidenceneeded.C.Mans

tillhasalongwaytogotoprovelifewasonMars.D.SamplesofMarswillbereturnedsoontoourlabsontheEarth.Ⅱ.完形填空MostofmylifeIhadlivedinaBlackcommunity

.Neitherofmy__1__hadmadeitpastmiddleschoolandIwasthefirstinmyfamilyofthreetoeversetfootonacollegecampus.__2__,mostofmypeerscamefromgenerations

ofcollege-educatedfamilyandhadgrownupin__3__suburbs.Insteadof__4__withothershowIwasfeeling,IisolatedmyselfandthoughtIcouldgetthroughit

ifIjustfocusedon__5__.Duringtheweeksleadinguptomysophomoreyearwinterbreak,IfinallydecidedIwould__6__.Fortunately，thatwasn’tthe

__7__ofthestory.Ifoundstrengthandguidancetocontinuethroughtograduation.Socialandpsychologicalcounselinggavemespacetoprocessmy__8__.Volunte

eringworkprovidedmeaconsistentreminderfor__9__Iwasincollege.Myinteractionswithstudentswho__10__mesom

uchofmyownfriendsbackhomeinspiredmetobe__11__toworkingforaccesstohighereducationforlow-incomeyouth.I__12__g

otinvolvedwithasummerinternshipprogram,whereIcooperatedwithsomestudentleaderstostartaconferenceto__13__aboutissuesofrace.Knowledgeisempow

ering.Ireadbooksand__14__chosecoursestolearnmoreabouttopicsrelatedtorace.Mostimportantly,IwasempoweredwiththeknowledgeIneededtoworkforj

usticeand__15__.1.A.brothersB.grandparentsC.parentsD.sisters2.A.BycontrastB.InrealityC.AsaresultD.Inbrief3.A.whiteB.blackC.poorD.new4.A.quarrelingB.s

haringC.comparingD.negotiating5.A.researchingB.exercisingC.studyingD.uniting6.A.letoutB.leaveoutC.giveoutD.dropout7.A.endB.startC.plotD.climax8

.A.temperB.courageC.emotionD.awareness9.A.whenB.whyC.howD.what10.A.informedB.remindedC.convincedD.expected

11.A.reducedB.limitedC.accustomedD.committed12.A.alsoB.stillC.everD.again13.A.dialogueB.chatC.jokeD.protest14.A.desperatelyB.carefullyC.intentio

nallyD.sensitively15.A.prejudiceB.equalityC.freedomD.discriminationⅢ.语法填空Aftertraveling1._________spaceforsevenmonths，China’sTianwen-1prob

e(探测器)hasreachedMarsand2._________(smooth)enteredtheorbitonFebruary10，2021，accordingtoChinaNationalSpaceAdministrati

on.Theadministrationalsopublishedablack-and-whitepictureofMarstakenbyTianwen-13._______theprobewasabout2.2millionk

ilometersfromMars.Thename“Tianwen”,4.________(borrow)fromanancientChinesepoembyQuYuanofthestateofChu,5._________(mean)“thequestforh

eavenlytruth”.Tianwen-1,thecountry’sfirst6._________(independence)Marsmission(任务),waslaunchedbyaLongMarch5heavy-l

iftcarrierrocket,byfarthe7._________(large)launchvehicleinChina，fromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvince,onJuly23,2020.Them

ission8._________(design)tostudythecompositionoftheMartianatmosphereaswellascontributetotheongoingsearchforpastan

dpresentlife.9._________willbethefirstmissioninspacehistorytocompleteorbiting，landingandwanderingatatime.Thefinalgoalistosoft-landaroverinMayonthes

outhernpartofMars’UtopiaPlanitia10._________(conduct)scientificsurveys.答案部分PartOne词汇句式一遍过I.阅读障碍词1.太阳的；太

阳能的2.宇宙；天地万物3.巨大的；伟大的;巨人；巨兽；伟人4.氧；氧气5.监视器；监测仪;监视；监测；监控6.(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处7.传输；发送8.资料；数据9.航天器；宇宙飞船10.前的；现在的;水流；电流；思潮11.足够的；充足的12.设施；设备13.模式；图案；

模范14.高端的II.核心四会词1.astronaut2.gravity3.satellite4.launch5.desire6.recycle7.muscle8.lack9.float10.otherwise11.beyond12.keen1

3.fatal14.shallow15.resource16.attachIII.拓展延伸词1.mentally2.intelligence3.Determined;determination4.disappointed;disappoint

ment;disappointing5.independently;independence6.global7.argument8.analysis9.regularly10.limited;limi

tlessIV.重点短语英汉互译(i)1.carryon2.onboard3.inthehopeofdoingsth4.soasto(dosth)5.provideforsb6.figureout7.inclosing8.促进技术进步9

.宇宙的秘密10.一个肤浅的观点11.导致；造成12.用完；耗尽(ii)1.bedeterminedtodosth2.(much)toone’sdisappointment3.signal(to)sbtodosth4.forlackof

5.attachgreatimportance/significanceto6.用尽；用完7.由……造成；因……而产生8.上船/火车/飞机9.据理力争/反对某事10.出乎意料V.经典句式过关练(i)1.madeever

yonesadanddisappointed2.isnotaneasygoaltoachieve3.Whilesleeping4.becamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace(ii)1.

lookedaroundthemindisappointment2.haveastrongerdesiretopursueabetterlife3.earth’snaturalresourcesrunout4.ForlackofhumanprotectionPartTwo核心

考点基础练I.词形变化练1berecycled2universally3global4intelligence5signaling;launched6independence7Limited6regularlyII.固定用

法练1on2beyond3wouldhaveaccomplished4on5werechosen6offering7in8LearningPartThree高考题型强化练【语篇解读】你有没有注意到星星在12

月、1月和2月显得更亮？本文从三个方面分析了冬天星星更亮的原因。1.A。词句猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，冬天因天气干燥，星星显得更亮。夏天情况应与冬天相反，故此处表示在夏天，水分使星星看起来更“暗淡”。2.C。细节理

解题。根据第二段中的“whenthelight...theybendandshiftthelight，sothatweareseeingstarsappeartodanceortwinkle”可知，当光穿

过不同温度的气泡时，光线会弯曲，故气温是通过改变光的方向来影响星星的亮度的。3.B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“20timesasbrightasit”可知，天狼星的亮度是太阳的20倍。4.D。推理判断题。根据第一段的首句并

结合下文内容可知，本文介绍了冬天星星更亮的原因：水分、气温和地理位置的影响。【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了“毅力号”探测器的主要任务，以及其登陆火星过程中的情況。5.A。细节理解题。根据第二段可知，火星引力

会使得接近火星的航天器更快速行进，并且火星稀薄的大气层对减缓航天器的速度几乎没有帮助，故减速是“毅力号”探测器登陆火星的特别挑战。6.C。主旨大意题。通读第三段内容可知，该段尾句“Itisnowond

erthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe‘sevenminutesofterror’”为本段总结句，再结合该段上文可知，该段主要介绍了“七分钟内生存下来的因素”：降低速度

，精确的切入角度。7.B。词句猜测题。分析第四段尾句句子结构可知，it的指代对象为map-readingsystem或thearea。再结合句意“其复杂的地图读取系统快速扫描该地区，并将其与数据库中的地图进行匹配，以找到最佳位置”可

知，it指代该句中的“thearea”。8.C。推理判断题。根据尾段可知，确认火星曾经存在过微生物需要大量的证据，而携带这些证据的样本又需要装备齐全的实验室以及将精密仪器送回地球才能进行分析。据此可推知，人类要证明火星上曾有生命还有很长的路要走。【语篇解读】本文讲述了作者通过努力学习，获取知

识为黑人争取正义和平等的故事。1.C。根据下文中的“myfamilyofthreetoeversetfootonacollegecampus”及语境可知，此处指作者的父母都没有读完中学。2.A。根据上文中的“Iwasthefirstinmyfamilyoft

hreetoeversetfootonacollegecampus”和下文中的“mostofmypeerscamefromgenerationsofcollege-educatedfamily”可知，相比之下，作者的大多数同龄人都来自受过大学教育的家庭。3.A。根据上文“M

ostofmylifeIhadlivedinaBlackcommunity.”及语境可推知，大多数作者的同龄人在白人的郊区长大。4.B。根据下文中的“Iisolatedmyself”及语境可知，作者将自己孤立出来，而不是和他人分享自己的感受。5.

C。根据语境可知，作者将自己孤立出来，认为只要专注于学习，就能克服它。6.D。根据下文“Ifoundstrengthandguidancetocontinuethroughtograduation.”及语境可推知，此处指作者最终打算辍学。7.A。根据上文中的“Fortu

nately”和下文“Ifoundstrengthandguidancetocontinuethroughtograduation.”及语境可知，幸运的是，这并不是故事的结局。8.C。根据上文中的“Socialandpsychologicalcounseling”及语境可知，社会和心理咨询给

了作者处理情绪的空间。9.B。根据下文中的“workingforaccesstohighereducationforlow-incomeyouth”及语境可知，志愿者工作不断地提醒作者为什么上大学。10.B。根据下文中的“ofmyownfriendsbackhome”可知，

作者和学生们交流，他们使作者想起了家乡的朋友们。11.D。根据上文中的“inspiredmetobe”及下文中的“toworkingforaccesstohighereducationforlow-inc

omeyouth”可知，此处指作者和学生们的交流激励作者致力于为低收入(家庭中)的青少年们提供接受高等教育的机会。becommittedto意为“致力于”，符合语境。12.A。根据下文中的“gotinvolvedwithas

ummerinternshipprogram”及语境可知，作者也参与了暑期实习项目。13.A。根据上文中的“startaconferenceto”及语境可知，作者与一些学生干部召开了一次关于种族问题的会议，发起了讨论。14.C。根据下文中的“learnmoreaboutt

opicsrelatedtorace”可知，作者有意地选择学习更多与种族主题相关的课程。15.B。根据上文中的“aboutissuesofrace”和“workforjustice”及语境可知，作者从争取正义和平等所

需要的知识中获取了力量。【语篇解读】本文介绍了“天问一号”的成功发射，还介绍了探测器的名称由来和发射目的等。1.through/in。考查介词。根据空后的“space”可知，该处指“在太空中旅行”，故用介词through或者in。

2.smoothly。考查词性转换。副词修饰动词，空处修饰动词“entered”，故用smooth的副词形式。3.when/as。考查状语从句。根据语境“中国国家航天局还公布了一张由‘天问一号’在距离火星约220万千米时拍摄的火星黑白照片”可知，空处引导时间状语

从句，应用when/as作连接词，表示“在……时候”。4.borrowed。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此空为非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词。5.means。考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子谓语，该句陈述的是客观情况，故用一般现在时；该句主语为The

name“Tianwen”，为单数概念，故谓语动词用单数。6.independent。考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词短语“Marsmission”，故用independence的形容词形式。7.largest。考查比较等级。此处表示2020年7月23日，我国

首个独立火星任务“天问一号”在海南省文昌航天发射中心由中国迄今为止最大的运载火箭长征五号重型运载火箭发射升空。根据空前的“byfarthe”可知，空处用最高级“largest”。8.isdesigned/hasbeendesigned。考查时态语

态和主谓一致。该句主语Themission和动词design之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；该句可以用一般现在时陈述当前客观事实，也可以用现在完成时强调设计此任务带来的影响或结果。9.It。考查代词。结合语境可知，空处指代上句的主语“Themission

”，故用It。10.toconduct。考查非谓语动词。该句意为：该任务的最终目标是5月份在火星的乌托邦平原南部软着陆一辆火星车，以进行科学调查。空处应用动词不定式表示目的。