【文档说明】专题10 阅读理解之猜词题（原卷版）-2023年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考专用）.docx，共(23)页，228.337 KB，由envi的店铺上传

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专题10阅读理解之猜词题（原卷版）猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词

义。一、思维导图二、方法点拨1.设问方式•Theunderlinedword“…”refersto/(probably)means.•“…”asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefin

edas…•Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?•Whatdoestheunderlinedword“…”refertointhelastparagraph?•Whichof

thefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“…”?•Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby…•Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheword“…”?•

Whatdoestheauthormeanby“…”inparagraph2?2.七大技巧1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。标点符号，如逗号后

的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：例子1Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntob

ecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthesp

readofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allh

avecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglyt

akingover.29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Complex.B．Advanced.C．Powerful.D．M

odern.【真题小练】(浙江2019.6阅读理解B）Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosA

ngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."()Whatdoestheexpression"moneywi

thnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.2.根据同

位关系进行猜测阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：例子2IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips—ofthos

e,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethes

temcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.29

．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A．providerB．deliverymanC．collectorD．

medicaldoctor3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：①“Ourparti

esareaimedforchildren2to10，”Anacleriosaid,“andthey'reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthattheybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject.”文中interactive是由前缀i

nter-(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。②Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyy

ears.Butthenexthundred?possibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以判断possibility的意思是“可能性”。例子3Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,_

orworry.(全国II2014阅读理解A）Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallpapersanddocuments.Theiryoungdaughterhadgoneto

thetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers...Atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.T

hatfamilynotonlyreturnedtheimportantdocumentstousthatday,butalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindn

essandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.()Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restored”inthelastparagraphmean?A.showed.B.sentout.C.deli

vered.D.gaveback4.根据因果关系进行猜测在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如：例子4Ifyouhavea_juicer,_youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedf

ruit.Outcomesa“softserve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbanana

sintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.26．Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A．Adessert.B．A

drink.C．Acontainer.D．Amachine.5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测文章中的代词it,that,he,him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真

查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。例如：例子5[2]Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowo

lder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.[3]It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserf

orjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.…29．Whatdo

estheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D

．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.6.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。[

例](2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D节选)Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmore_is_morewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?Thego

odnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.例子6…32．Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Themore,thebe

tter.B．Enoughisenough.C．Moremoney,moreworries.D．Earnmoreandspendmore.7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测根据上下句的连接词，如but,however

,otherwise等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而可以依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：①Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;_itcanbeabasketoffu

n.从分号前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和abasketoffun是相反的意义，所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。②Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthe

middleofherfirstclass.but一词表示转折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根据后半句的意思“她今天第一节课上了一半才来”，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。③TheplayersintheWorldCupareprofes

sionals,whilethosewhoplayintheOlympicsmustbeamateurs.由于转折词“while”引导的两个分句前后意义相反，我们可推测出amateurs是professionals(专业人士)的反义词，意

思为“业余人士，业余选手”。例子7…GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStat

es,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.

TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.…29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“d

isplaced”inparagraph2mean?A．Tested.B．Separated.C．Forcedout.D．Trackeddown.三、高考真题1．2022年6月新高考1卷C篇WendyWilson,e

xtracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreatives

essions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“W

earehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”30.Whatdotheunderlinedwo

rds“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.1．2022年6月全国甲卷C篇AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreete

dbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastob

eatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheU

K,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.28.Whichofthe

followingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemorie

s.D.Sticktoapromise.2．2022年6月全国乙卷C篇Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonn

elsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,inc

ludingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingt

hecrews’efforts.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructiono

finfrastructure.3．2022年6月北京卷D篇Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,t

hemselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,

Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomput

ingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeablet

ounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inPa

ragraph3mostprobablymean?A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.1．2022年6月浙江卷CHowlongwestayontheclockandhowwespendthattimeareundercarefulexa

minationinmanyworkplaces.Theyoungbankerwhoeatslunchathisdeskisprobablyseenasago-getter,whilehiscolleagu

eswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.“Peoplefromculturesthatvaluerelationshipsmorethanoursdoesaresh

ockedbythethoughtofeatingaloneinfrontofacomputer”,saysArtMarkman,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTexas,Austin.Socialinteractionhasbeens

howntoliftmood(情绪)andgetpeoplethinkinginnewdirectionsandinwaysthatcouldhelpimproveanypost-luncheffort.9.Whatcanbeinferre

dfromthelastparagraph?A.Agoodthinkerisabletoinspireotherpeople.B.Experienceunrelatedtoyourjobisuseless.C.Acheerfulmoodhelpsma

keacreativemind.D.Focusingonwhatyoudoraisesproductivity.2．2022年1月浙江卷AFornearlyadecadenow,Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist.Herpettr

ansportjobwasbornofthefinancialcrisis（危机）inthelate2000s．Thedownturnhittherealestate（房地产）firmwhereshehadworke

dfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday,whiledrivingnearherhome,shesawadogwandering

ontheroad,clearlylost.Shetookithome,andhersisterinDenveragreedtotakeit.Thiswasalovinghomeforsure,but1,600milesaway.Itdidn’ttake

longforMerebethtodecidetodrivethedogthereherself.Itwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.Merebeth'spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesherwand

erlust.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,s

hewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mphwindsinWyoming,heavyfloodingandstormsinAlabamaan

dtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.22.Theword“wanderlust"inparagraph2meansadesireto?A.makemoney.B.tryvario

usjobs.C.beclosetonature.D.traveltodifferentplaces.1．2021年6月北京卷CHundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtoh

umanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researche

rsinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas"acrediblescenario（情景）thiscentury".Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents

,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,col

lapseiswellunderway.Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccri

sesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshut

downnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.Theinternationalscholars'warningletterd

oesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththe

mthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories（签署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe"ecologicalfootprint"concept,whichme

asuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhum

anity,"itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthisce

ntury,"Johnsonsaidinanemail.Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,theDecemberwarninglettersay

s,canwehavethehopetoreducetheir"speed,severityandharm".Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored

.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope（麻醉品）Intheincurableformofhope.Thehundredsofscholarswhosign

edtheletterareintent（执着）onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness."Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,"theysay,"anddealwiththeterriblep

ossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture."1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"germane"inParagraph3proba

blymean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.2.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris.A.worri

edB.puzzledC.surprisedD.scared2．2021年6月新高考I卷（C篇）WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewit

hanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourseswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlersw

hofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethunter

sandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhab

itat（栖息地）.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"decimate"meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribu

te.3．2021年6月新高考二卷B篇Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontainthem

inalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo

.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A.Behavebadly.B.Losetheirway.C.Sleepsoundly.D.Misstheirmom.

4．2021年6月全国甲卷（C篇）WhenIwas9,wepackedupourhomeinLosAngelesandarrivedatHeathrow,LondononagrayJanuarymorni

ng.Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue-skydays,If

eltatalossandoutofplace.UntilImadeadiscovery.Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskat

eboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safeme

antcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（橫杆）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,he

lpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:"Safe!Safe!S

afe!"Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"Safe!Safe!Safe!"probablymean?A.Becareful!B.Welldone!C.Noway

!D.Don'tworry.5．2021.6全国乙卷B篇Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(2

9%)relyonlyontheirsmartphones,accordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit'sn

otreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13perce

ntkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.2Whatdoestheunderlinedword"concede"inparagraph3mean?A.Admit.B.Argue.C

.Remember.D.Remark.6．2021年6月浙江卷B篇Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounter

thistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasa

bletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneede

dtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrand

tobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththe

commongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2?A.recordsB.predict

sC.delaysD.confirms7．2021年3月天津卷B篇Thepoignancy（酸楚）ofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughd

ecisiontookmebysurprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,Isawhimleavingbehindth

elayerthatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Butt

heyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehi

nd.Humansdonotshedskin（蜕皮）aseasilyasotheranimals.Thebeginningofchangeisupsetting.Theprocessistiring.Damagechan

gesusbeforeweareready.Iseeourlizard,rawandnearlynew.Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourt

ender,hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.4.Theunderlinedpart"leavingbehindthelayer"inParagraph8canbeunderstoodas.A.lettinggoofthepastB.lookingforane

wjobC.gettingridofabadhabitD.givingupanopportunity8．2021年1月浙江卷C篇Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhic

htheywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:"Climbonme."Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmot

her'sbackandtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies（物种）outtherethatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat'sn

otuniquetohumans,"saidDrHobaiter.DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthest

udywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere"alittledisappointing"."T

hevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcont

ainedintheirgesturesandactions,"shesaid."Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcomm

unication.So,itseemsthegulfremains."3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gulf"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Difference.B.Conflict.C.Balan

ce.D.Connection.9．2021全国乙卷B篇Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstil

lpayingforalandline（座机）?Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidsh

aveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyju

stoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphones,accordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedet

hatit'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofem

ergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"concede"inparagraph3mean?A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Reme

mber.D.Remark.10．2021新高考1卷C篇WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewith

anastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourseswisely.Unfortunately,i

ttooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（

水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-in

creasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat（栖息地）.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"decimate"meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquir

e.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.11．2020全国卷I卷B篇Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There’sawelcomefamili

arity—butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhat

makestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalre

gister.It’strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it’sallaboutthepresent.It’saboutthenowandwhatone

contributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirs

t,whichItaketoreadingeveryspring,isErnestHemingway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicati

ng(令人陶醉的),anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)aboutevery

thingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortázar.WhileIt

endtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisin

deedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasse

s.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.26.()Whatdoestheunderlinedword“currency”inparagraph4referto?A.

Debt.B.Reward.C.Allowance.D.Facevalue.12．2020北京卷D篇CertainformsofAIareindeedbecomingubiquitous.Forexample,algorithms（算法）carryouthugevolum

esoftradingonourfinancialmarkets,self-drivingcarsareappearingoncitystreets,andoursmartphonesaretranslatingfr

omonelanguageintoanother.Thesesystemsaresometimesfasterandmoreperceptivethanwehumansare.Butsofarthatisonl

ytrueforthespecifictasksforwhichthesystemshavebeendesigned.ThatissomethingthatsomeAIdevelopersarenoweagertochange.1.Whatdoestheund

erlinedword"ubiquitous"inParagraph1probablymean?A.Enormousinquantity.B.Changeabledaily.C.Stableinquality.D.Presenteverywher

e.13．2020全国2.C篇NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild."Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnon-nativespecies（

物种）.It'sdestroyingtheenvironment.It'sthemorus,"saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutria

incheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthen

utriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmoret

han300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton'sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"collapsed"inparagraph5pr

obablymean?A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.14．2020全国3.B篇Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonli

veanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabs

onmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants","TheHangoverPartⅡ"an

d"Zookeeper",havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreatedproperly.3.Whatdoestheunderli

nedphrase"keepingtabson"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.15．2

020.7浙江卷（B篇）ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon'tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow,esp

eciallyatrushhour.At9:30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9:33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstraff

icat9:37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.1.Whatdoestheund

erlinedword"that"inparagraph2referto?A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights.B.Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.C.Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals.D.Smoothtrafficf

lowontheroad.16．2020.5天津卷（C篇）Makingtheskieselectricisn'tjustgoodfortheenvironment,italsomakessoundfin

ancialsense:asmallaircraftuses＄400onconventionalfuelfora100-mileflight,whileanelectriconecosts＄8—12forthesamedista

nce,andthat'sbeforeyoufactorinthehighermaintenancecostsofatraditionalengine.There'salsotheaddedbonusthatelectricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttof

lyin.Noloudenginenoise,nosmelloffuel,justenvironmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.Whiletherehasbeenrealprogressinthee-planein

dustry,thetechnicalchallengesthatremainarekeepingeveryone'sfeetfirmlyontheground.Abattery,evenalithi

umone,onlyprovides250watt-hoursperkilogram;comparethistoliquidfuel,whichhasaspecificenergyof11,890watt-hoursperkilogram.Carryingadeq

uatebatteries,however,wouldmaketheplanetooheavytogetofftheground.Inaircraft,whereeverybitofweightcounts,thiscan'tjustbeignor

ed.3.Theexpression"addedbonus"referstothefactthatelectricplanes.A.givepassengersmorepleasantviewsB.bringairlinesmorefinancialbenefitsC.offermoree

njoyableflyingexperiencesD.costlessinmaintenancethantraditionalones17．2020.5天津卷（D篇）Studyingasubjectthatyoufe

elpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou'restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion"whyishistoryimportant"isaverygoodfirststep.H

istoryisanessentialpartofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,orgetyouthinkingaboutthesignificanceofhistory.Historygr

oundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,andlearningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremea

ningfulglimpse（一瞥）intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherewearetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofcultura

lbelonging,whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen-mindedtotheevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.Historyenrichesoure

xperience.Readinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeago.According

totheexperts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheanc

estors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.Historymakesusmoreempathetic（具有共情能力的）.Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight

（洞察力）intowhyourculturedoescertainthings,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatweknownow.Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathy

acrosscultures.Fearandhateforothersisusuallycausedbyignorance（无知）.We'rescaredofthethingsthatwedon'tunderstand.Histor

yhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.Historyca

ninspireustolearnmore.What'sfantasticabouthistoryisthewayitbroadensourhorizons.It'salmostimpossibletolearnabou

tonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofquestionsaboutrelatedconcepts.Studythe19thcenturyEngland,andyoumightcatchaglimpseofCharlesDi

ckens'OliverTwist.LookupCharlesDickens,andyoumightlearnathingortwoaboutrealism.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionawayfromnovels,a

nddiscoverthehistoryofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itcangoanywhere,andthereissomethinginthereforabsolutelyanybody.Thevalueofhistor

ycannotbeunderestimated.Wedon'thavetoliveinthepast,butwecandefinitelydobetterbylearningfromitandusingthelessonslearnttoleadmoremeaningfullives.1

.Theunderlinedpart"wherewearetoday"inPara.2probablymeans.A.theturningpointinourhistoryB.thepresentstateofournationC.

thelocationofourhomelandD.thetotalareaofourcountry18．2020全国卷IIC篇Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,fu

rprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).Unusualfashi

onshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur—unlessyou

understandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouis

ianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.Nutriawerebrough

ttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物种).It’sdestroyingth

eenvironment.It’sthemorus,”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butw

henthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.30.()Whatdoestheund

erlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.1．2020全国卷IIIB篇When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wa

sfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfi

lmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingreal

apes(猿)!”Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmil

lionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).I

nthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofit

organization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Alr

eady,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,”“TheHangoverPartII”and“Zookeeper,”havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthe

mhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.26.()Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Li

stingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.1．2020江苏卷C篇Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmay

bemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffects

performance.However,farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastu

dy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofu

s.Theytestedthemen’sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratesandtooksamples(样品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstoth

escientists’lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat,intheory,shouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneofthesew

orkouts,themanskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(禁

食).Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.61.()Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostproba

blymeans“”.A.digestthemealeasilyB.managewithoutbreakfastC.decidewiselywhattoeatD.eatwhateverisoffered2．2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）C篇

Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Af

ewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvo

lvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkentt

oKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,an

dofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsi

nTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdar

kersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensusp

ectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKaraka

lpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalin

sightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.Hisjudgmentandreferencesaredec

idedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,ore

venapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.9.()Whatdoestheunderlinedword“

that”inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.Workingasavol

unteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.1．2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）D篇AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,bot

hthesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthat

saysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallynee

dtoavoid.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"beanpoles"inParagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyea

ters.D.Tallthinpersons.2．2020海南（B篇）MyimaginaryGrandma'sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring,andlater.Sometimesstudentswoulda

skmetodescribeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway-sinceIseldomactuallykeptthem.Usuallytheoffe

nderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwouldreturnthebelonging.2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"theoffender"inparagraph8re

ferto?A.Thestudent'sparent.B.ThemakeroftheGrandma'sBox.C.Theauthor'sgrandchild.D..Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.四、模拟演练（1）Anadvertisementisjustl

ikeaSomebodyElsesaysquotation(引语)inanewsstory.Thenewspaperdoesnotsaythatwhattheadvertisersaysistrue.Allthenewspapersaysis,“Thi

siswhattheadvertisersays.”Tofindoutwhetheritistrueornotwillbelefttothereader.Allthestatementsintheadsaretheadvertiser’sstatements,

notthepaper’s.Q:Whatdoes“SomebodyElse”intheparagraphreferto?A.Theeditorofthepaper.B.Thereaderofthepaper.C.Theauthorofthepassage.D.

Theadvertiseroftheads.（2）Emmahadneverreadit,norhadsheeverpurchasedacopy.But,whensheopeneditup,shewasflooredtoseeherownnameandaddressinsidethe

cover,inherownhandwriting.Itturnedoutthatthesummerbefore,ataconcertbackinMontreal,EmmahadmetaCalifornianwh

owasintownvisitingfriends.Theydecidedtoexchangeaddresses,butneitherofthemhadanypaper.Themanhadopenedupabookhewascarryinginhisbackpackand

askedEmmatowritehernameandaddressinside.WhenhereturnedtoCalifornia,heleftthebookbehindinMontreal,andhisfriendA

lexkeptit.WhenAlexlaterrelocatedtoJerusalem,hetookthenow-treasuredbookalong.Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“floored”intheparagraphmean?A.interestedB.

shockedC.frightenedD.excited（3）Oxygenisvitaltolife;itisneededbythebodycellsofallanimals.Itisalsoveryusefulinindustry.ThemethodPri

estleyusedproducesonlysmallquantities.Thelargeamountsneededforindustryareproducedinadifferentway.Airisputintoc

ontainersundergreatpressure.Thisturnsitintoliquidandmakesitverycold.Itisthengraduallywarmedupandeachs

ubstanceevaporatesatadifferenttemperature.Theboilingpointofoxygenis-183°C.Itiscaughtandstoredinstrongsteelcylinde

rsatapressureof136atmospheres.Theprocessisknownasfractionaldistillation.Q:Whichwordhastheroughmeaningof“vital”?A.importantB.usefulC

.helpfulD.interesting（4）Thesedifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesareknownbydifferentnames.Forexample,apersonwhohasdifficultyreadin

gmayhavedyslexia.Someonewhocannotdomathematicsmayhaveadisordercalleddyscalculia(计算困难).Q:Theunderlinedword“dyslexia”intheparagraphprobablyme

ans_______.A.difficultyinseeingB.probleminreadingC.troubleinlisteningD.braindisorder（5）Achild’sbirthdayp

artydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.Q:Whatdoestheunderline

dword“hassle”probablymeanintheparagraph?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausing

difficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests（6）Andifyou’vegatheredyourfriendsaroundyoutorebuildahappyfamilyatmosphere(气氛),

youmayfearthatsayingnowillbringbackthekindofconflictyougrewupwith—ordestroytheniceatmosphereyounowenjoy.Q:Theunde

rlinedword“conflict”intheparagraphmeans.A.dependentlifeB.fiercefightC.badmannersD.painfulfeeling（7）“Sheisashamedandembarrassedbutdoesn’tre

allyhaveanyexplanationwhyshedidthis,”MissDuffsaid.“Shedidn’tintendtostealwhenshewentintothestore.Sheisatalosstoe

xplainit.Sheisotherwiseaveryrespectableandintelligentyounglady.Shewenttoherdoctorandaskedforadvicebecauseshewantstoknowifthe

reisanythinginparticularthatcausedhertodothis.”Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Sheisatalosstoexplainit”mean?A.Inheropinionitwasalosstothec

lothesshopswhereshestolethings.B.Shedoesn’thaveanyideawhyshehasthedesiretostealfromshops.C.Shethinksitisalossforhertoex

plainwhyshestolethingsfromshops.D.Personallyshefeelsashamedandembarrassedforhershopliftingactions.（8

）Oneofthebest-knownsayingsmustbe“Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwisdom”.Thepromi

sesofhealth,wealth,andwisdomtothosewhojointheteamsofearlyretireesandrisesmustbeparticularlypleasingtomanypeopleinourmodernsociety.Q:Theu

nderlinedword“retiree”hererefersto_________.A.peoplewhogiveuptheirworkB.peoplewhohavealotoffreetimeC.peoplewhogot

obedD.peoplewholiveinaquietplace（9）Thereasonsforavisittolighthousearenotallsobackward-looking(思想过时的)intime.Itistruethatlighthou

seswerebuiltinout-of-the-wayplaces.Butonapleasantsunnysummerday,thisveryisolationhasanaturalbeautythatmanypeoplewilllovetoexperience.Q:The

underlinedphrase“out-of-the-way”probablymeans__________.A.far-awayB.dangerousC.ancientD.secret（10）Ourownnative

languageandculturearesomuchapartofusthatwetakethemforgranted.Whenwetraveltoanothercountry,it’sasifwecarryalongwithourpassports.Weviewthenewenviro

nmentusingourowncultureasthestandard,andalthoughnotpurposely,ourwaysofthinkingandactingoftengetinthewayofourunderstandingotherlanguagesan

dcultures.Theabilityandwillingnesstochangelenses(视角)whenwelookatadifferentcultureisboththecureandpreventionforsuchculturalblindnes

s.Studyinganewlanguageprovidesustheopportunitiestopractisechanginglenseswhenwealsolearnthecontextortheculturetowhichitbelongs.Q:Theu

nderlinedword“it”inthelastsentencerefersto__________.A.thecontextB.thecultureC.thelanguageD.theopport

unity