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2018年高考及最新模拟分类汇编之阅读理解2018年高考阅读理解【2018·全国I】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourin

Washington,D.C.DurationTourThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseeaworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWa

shington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyo

urspotbeforeavailability—thecherryblossoms—disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours(4miles)Joinaguidedb

iketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhisto

ryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourInWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketou

ristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Knowl

edgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemost,interestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourrout

e(路线）makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)Joinasmallgroupbike

tourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyourbikethesitesofCapitolHillandthe

NationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Al

lridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.CherryBlossomlikeTourinWashington,D.C.B.Washingto

ncapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBic

ycleTour.22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.

23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.MealsD.Safetylights【答案】21.A22.D23.D【解析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了骑自行车到Washing

ton,D.C.旅游的四中路线的相关行程及注意事项。点睛：本篇文章最容易出错的题是21题，究其原因是不熟悉词汇reserve的词义：预约。inadvance意为：提前。因此，高考前熟悉词汇和短语是重中之重的事情。Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthech

erryblossoms—disappear在有效期和樱花消失前预约。BGoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminh

erlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwith

thehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMornin

gBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’sleantintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,a

ndJack,11."WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay£5foraportion(一份),butMattmakest

hemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodou

rselves."Theeight-partseries(系列节自),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichg

aveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewi

thadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefam

ily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?A.Sheenjoysembarrassinghergues

ts.B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadalightbudgetforherfamily.25.HowdoesMa

ttTebbutthelpSusanna?A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C.Heassistsherincookin

gmatters.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.Provid

esomeadviceforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.27.Whatcanb

easuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingyourselfaPerfectChefD.Cookin

gWellforLess【答案】24.B25.C26.C27.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。24.细节理解题。根据文章第

一段知道GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole可知，她

开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。25.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferst

optipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.可知，Susanna在MattTebbutt的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费

低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱。故选C。解题关键词：同义词表达withthehelpof和help。点睛：本篇文章学生感到比较难的是26题，很多学生不知道作者在说什么，不明白作者的意图，感到很茫然。根据文章中的SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsint

hefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,…可知作者是为读者介绍了SaveMoney这个节目是怎么来的，即是背景信息。CLanguageshavebeencomingan

dgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whenthetheworldwasstillpopu

latedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000year

sago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoples

tartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcentres,trad

e,industrialisation.thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation.Especiallyglbalisationandbettercommunicationsint

hepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanyLanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish．SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,t

heworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenby

manypeoplewhilehot.wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmerica

sabout1,000.Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover

800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6.000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.z.x.xkAlreadywellover400ofth

etotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainin

gspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneof

theseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhuntergatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnu

mber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatters.D.Theywerecloselyconnected29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？A.Complex.B.A

dvanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6800B.About3400C.About2.400D.Abou

t1-20031.Whatistheminideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.PeopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguagesC.

HumandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguagesD.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.C【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章

讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。28.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit

(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother...whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,the

yspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万

时，语言种类达到了12000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。29.猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglyta

kingover.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominantlanguages意为：强有力的语言。故选C。点睛：长难句解读Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisati

on,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthe

pastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasin

glytakingover.分析：and连接两个并列句，前面的介词短语in...作时间状语，all和前面的名词短语是同位语。句意：在最近的几个世纪，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和全球义务教育的蔓延，尤其是过去几十年来，全球化和更好的交流，这些

都是导致许多语言消失的原因。而且像英语、西班牙语和汉语这些强大的语言正在不断地占据统治地位。DWemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,bu

tanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironmen

t—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigu

reouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmen

talcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeene

rgyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration—Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined19

92.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedu

pin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplan

tedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,"saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourpe

rhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,old

desktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemission

s（排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesolution（解决方案）?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoe

xploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwor

dprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktop

computerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.B.Theyarenobett

erthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.33.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresear

ch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals.B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsu

mptionofthedevices.34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.35.Whatdo

esthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.【答案】

32.A33.D34.B35.A【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别，旧电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者主张使用新电子设备。32.观点态度题。根据文章第一段中的That’sbadnewsfortheenviro

nment–andourwallets–astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.可知，使用旧的电子设备对

环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能量。由此推知作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选A。33.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesare

using,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachp

roductthroughoutitslife可知，Babbitt’steam研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。故选D。34.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewing

ontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备，可以降低44%的耗能。故选B。35.推理

判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。故选A。点睛：熟悉比较句型是彻底理解本文的关键，也是解题的关键。本文中的比较句型：1.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment–andourwallets–astheseo

utdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythanthenewsonesthatdothesamethings做同样的事，旧的过时的装置比新装置消耗更多能源，对环境有害，浪费钱财。2.AccordingtotheanalysisofBa

bbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandc

ontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.根据Babbitt团队的分析，旧的桌面监视器和阴极射线管箱式电视机是最差的电子设备，它们的耗能和温室气体的排放是19

92到2007window的两倍还多。3.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscou

ldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.他们发现在平板电脑上看的随需变化的娱乐节目比在电视和电脑上看耗能减少了44%。【2018·全国II】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，

选出最佳选项。ASummerActivitiesStudentsshouldreadthelistwiththeirparents/careers,andselecttwoactivitiestheywouldliketodo.Formswillbeavailableinschoolandonl

ineforthemtoindicatetheirchoicesandreturntoschool.Beforechoicesarefinalised,parents/careerswillbeaskedtosigntoco

nfirmtheirchild’schoices.ActivityDescriptionMemberofstaffCostOutdoorAdventure(OUT)Takeyourselfoutofyourcomfortzoneforaweek,discovernewpe

rsonalqualities,andlearnnewskills.YouwillbeabletotakepartinanumberofactivitiesfromcanoeingtowildcampingonDartmoor.Learnrockclimbingandwor

kasateam,andenjoythegreatoutdoorenvironment.Mr.Clemens£140WWIBattlefieldsandParisOnMondaywetraveltoLondo

n.AfterstayingMrs.Milson£425(WBP)overnightinLondon,wetravelonDay2tonorthernFrancetovisittheWorldWarIbattlefields.OnDay3wecrossint

oBelgium.ThursdayseesusmaketheshortjourneytoPariswherewewillvisitDisneylandParispark,stayinguntillatetoseetheparadeandthefireworks.Ourfinal

day,Friday,seesusvisitcentralParisandtourthemainsights.CraftyFoxes(CRF)Fourdaysofproductdesigncentredaroundtextiles.

Makinglovelyobjectsusingrecycledandmadematerials.Bags,cushionsanddecorations...Learnskillsandleavewithmodern

andunusualtextiles.Mrs.Goode£30PottyaboutPotter(POT)VisitWarnerBrosStudio,shopstoptobuyMissDrake£150picni

c,stayovernightinanapprovedYouthHostelinStreatley-on-Thames,guidedtourofOxfordtoseethefilmlocations,picniclunchoutsideOxford’sC

hristchurch,boatingontheRiverCherwellthroughtheUniversityParks,beforeheadingbacktoExeter.21.Whichactivitywillyouchooseifyouw

anttogocamping?A.OUT.B.WBP.C.CRF.D.POT.22.WhatwillthestudentsdoonTuesdaywithMrs.Wilson?A.TraveltoLondon.B.Seeaparadeandfirew

orks.C.TourcentralParis.D.VisittheWWIbattlefields.23.HowlongdoesPottyaboutPotterlast?A.Twodays.B.Fourdays.C.Fivedays.D.Oneweek.【答案】21.A22.D23.A【

解析】本文是一篇广告布告类说明文。文中讲述了家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动。文中分别对这些活动的名称，活动内容，活动特色和活动组织工作人员还有活动的价格进行了详细的描述。21.细节理解题。根据题干中的gocamping，我们可以迅速浏览到第一个活动当中的wildcamping(野外露营)这个关

键信息。故选A。23.细节理解题。根据题干中的信息PottyaboutPotterlast我们从最后一种活动来寻找答案。关键信息overnight意为“一夜的逗留”。故这个活动是持续两天。故选A。点睛：做广告布告类说明文题型时一定要先看题干，再从文中找答

案。我们可以清楚的看到：这三道题是互相之间没有联系的并且都是根据题干中的关键信息就可以锁定某一段落直接找答案的。BManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundan

ce.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsformBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthe

commonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotei

n(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质)

.TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants

.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesofslicesofotherfruits,froze

nbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Remove

theskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturnin

gbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.zx.x.kIfyouhaveajuicer,youc

ansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thi

smakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwat

chingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A.Theycontainprotein.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D

.Theyarerichinantioxidants.25.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.B.Tokeeptheircolour.C.Tosp

eeduptheirripening.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.26.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.27.Fromwhichisthe

textprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.【答案】24.C25.B26.D27.B【解析】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文

中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的7月，这时候各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。24.细节理解题。题干问的是，作者喜欢樱桃什么。根据第二段中Asforcherries(樱桃)

,theyaresodeliciouswhocares?（至于樱桃，因为它们很好吃谁在乎呢?）可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故选C。25.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemtu

rningbrown.可知，往香蕉上滴新鲜的柠檬汁是为了防止香蕉变成褐色，故新鲜的柠檬汁是被用来保持香蕉的颜色的。故选B。26.词义猜测题。根据最后一段中theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatc

hingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow可知，孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部，然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出ajuicer就是一台机器。故选D。27.文章出处题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们可以用ajui

cer为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。A项意为：生物教科书；B项意为：一本健康杂志；C项意为：一篇研究论文；D项意为：一本旅游手册。故选B。点睛：做词义猜测题时我们要注意观察，划线单词的构成结构。如本题背划线的单词是juicer，我们都知道“er”

是单词的后缀。它既可以表示人，又可以表示物。如：cleaner既可以表示清洁工，又可以表示清洁工具。根据下文中的意思，可以判断出本题中的ajuicer是表示物。CTeensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun

,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,so

medatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren’slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothe

report’skeyfindings,“theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-ye

ar-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2—8,remai

nlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhou

rpersession.zxx.kWhenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建议)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-rea

dersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcerns

aboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamp

lesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentread

ers,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofscho

olapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreading

listandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.28.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?A.Childre

n’sreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildren’sbooks.C.Children’safter-classactivities.D.Parent-childrelationships.29.Wherecan

youfindthedatathatbestsupports"childrenarereadingalotlessforfun"?A.Inparagraph2.B.Inparagraph3.C.Inparagraph4.D.Inparagraph5.30.Whydomanyparentsl

imitelectronicreading?A.E-booksareofpoorquality.B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.Itmayharmchildren’shealth.D.E-readersareexpensive.31.Hows

houldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.B.Askthentowritebookreports.C.Setupreadinggroupsforth

em.D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.【答案】28.A29.B30.C31.A【解析】据本周一公布的aCommonSenseMediareport报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少。文中从阅

读的乐趣，阅读的时间，阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展示了该报告的内容。28.推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时

间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D项意为：父母与孩子的关系。故选A。29.推理判断题。根据第三段中的theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘ha

rdlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.可知

，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选B。点睛：作此类型的题时，一定要读懂第一段。第一段读懂了，整篇文章大意也就迎刃而解了。明白了大意，第28题我们也不难看出答案，本文讲的肯定不是质量，不是

活动也不是关系。而是习惯，即孩子们的阅读习惯。DWe’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedon

theirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversational

intelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandun

necessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssay

it’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeepr

elationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoro

ftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.＂Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,＂heexplain

s.＂Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.＂Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,asso

ciateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tos

peakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherposit

ivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.＂It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,＂saysDunn.＂Bu

tinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.＂Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantl

ygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.＂Smalltalkisthebasi

sofgoodmanners,＂hesays.32.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A.Addictiontosmartphones.B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C.Abse

nceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D.Impatiencewithslowservice.33.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A.Showingg

oodmanners.B.Relatingtootherpeople.C.Focusingonatopic.D.Makingbusinessdeals.34.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A.Itimprovesf

amilyrelationships.B.Itraisespeople’sconfidence.C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Conver

sationCountsB.WaysofMakingSmallTalkC.BenefitsofSmallTalkD.UncomfortableSilence【答案】32.C33.B34.D35.C【解析】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默

抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。32.主旨大意题。题干问的是：第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或在飞机上

）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。有此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。A项意为：沉迷于智能手机。B项意为：在公共场所不适当的行为。C项意为：陌生人之间缺乏沟通。D项意为：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选C项。33.推理判断题。题干问得是对

于Carducci来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。根据第三段最后一句“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem”（成功闲聊的关

键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。）由此推断C符合题意。A项意为：表现出良好的礼貌。B项意为：与他人有关的。C项意为：专注于一个话题。D项意为：做商业交易。故选B项。34.推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的

研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意。A项意为：闲聊改善了家庭关系。B项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为：闲

聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为：闲聊让人感觉很好。故选D项。35.主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。

A项意为：谈话很重要。B项意为：闲聊的方法。C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C项。点睛：我们在做阅读理解时，尽量找出每段的主讲内容（可能是一句话或是一个短语），这样有利于整篇文章的把握，有利于做文章大意题。如35题，很显然本文讲

的不是重要性也不是方法更不是沉默，所以ABD都可以轻松排除。【2018·全国III】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWelcometoHolkerHall&GardensVisitorInfor

mationHowtoGettoHolkerByCar：FollowbrownsignsanA590fromJB6,M6.Approximaletraveltimes:Windermere-20minutes,Kendal-25minutes,Lancaster-45minutes

,Manchester-Ihour30minutes.z.x.xkByRail:TheneareststationisCark-in-CartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth,LancasterP

restonforconnectionstomajorcities&airports.OpeningTimesSunday-Friday(closedonSaturday)11:00am-4:00pm,30Marc

h-2ndNovember.AdmissionChargesHall&GardensGardensAdults:£12.00£8.00Groups£9£5.5Producers:Market13thAprilJoinustotaste

avarietyoffreshlocalfoodanddrinks.Meettheproducersandgetsomeexcellentrecipeideas.HolkerGardenFestival30thMayTh

eeventcelebrateits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening,makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingar

dening.NationalGardenDay28thAugustHolkeronceagainopensisgardensinaidofthedisadvantaged.Forjustasmalldonationyoucantakeato

urwithourgardenguide.WinterMarket8thNovemberThisisaneventforallthefamily.Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggifswhile

enjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.21.HowlongdoesitprobablytakeatouristtodrivetoHolkerfromMa

nchester?A.20minutes.B.25minutes.C.45minutes.D.90minutes.22.HowmuchshouldamemberofatourgrouppaytovisittoHall&Cardens?A.£l2.00.B.£9.00.

C.£8.0D.£5.5023.Whicheventwillyougotoifyouwanttoseealivemusicshow?A.Producers'Market.B.HolkerGardenFestival.C.NationalGardenDay.D.WinterMarket.【答案】

21.D22.B23.D【解析】文章为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了去HolkerHall&Garden旅游的相关信息，如：出行方式，开放时间，旅行费用以及主要活动等。21.细节理解题。根据第一段HowtoGettoHolker中Byca

r里Approximatetraveltimes后面内容可知，从Manchester到Holker要用1hourand30minutes，即90分钟，故选D。22.细节理解题。根据AdmissionCharges可知，团体中的一员去Hall&Gardens需要支付9英镑。23.细节理解题。根

据文章最后一段WinterMarket中最后一句Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.可知，如果想去看现场表演需要去WinterMarket。故选D。

【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节

进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。此题中的三题全为细节理解题。细节理解题首先要根据题干准确定位信息句，其次要对信息句进行准确的理解和判断，如第一题为转述型，1houran

d30minutes，即90分钟。第二题和第三题则为简单的一一对应型，只要找到信息句即可得出答案。BCitiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettlein

theseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeh

arbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.B

oomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneoft

helargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.

Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwa

rming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswerewort

hthedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirli

ves.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfo

und.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgoldd

iscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldru

shhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.24.WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?A.Itsbusinesscultur

e.B.Itssmallpopulation.C.Itsgeographicalposition.D.Itsfavourableclimate.25.Whatdoweknowaboutthosewhof

irstdugforgoldinDawson?A.Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.B.Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C.Almosteveryonegaveup.D.Halfo

fthemdied.26.WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?A.Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.B.Theywantedtotrytheirluckels

ewhere.C.Theywereunabletostandthewinter.D.Theywereshortoffood.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theriseandfallofacity.B.Thego

ldrushinCanada.C.Journeysintothewilderness.D.TourisminDawson.【答案】24.C25.B26.B27.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。24.细节理解题

。根据文章第一段中Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesb

ecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.可知，人们

选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正确。25.细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Ofthefirst20,000peo

plewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4000人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了，故B正确。2

6.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.可知，人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在Alaska

发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。27.主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawson这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Daw

son这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。【点睛】主旨大意题的解题技巧：一篇文章都是围绕着一个中心思想或一个话题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕Dawson的发展展开，Daw

son反复出现，再根据每一段的段首句可以总结出，文章第一段通过城市发展的原因引出Dawson，第二段介绍Dawson发展的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，从而总结出文章的主旨大意。CWhile

famousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexc

ellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-ye

ar-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebru

ary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).Hisofficeis

locatedattheXiangshancampus(校园)oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.Thestyleofthe

campusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurve

s(曲线)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaske

dtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.Thiscreationattractedalotofattentionthanks

toitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).Wang’sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureand

agoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe

1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums."Thatisonlyevidenceth

attraditionsonceexisted,"hesaid."ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditional

soreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,"hesaid."Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearni

ngWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,"saidWang.Thestud

yoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.28.Wang’swinni

ngoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare___________.A.followingthelatestworldtrendB.gettinginternationalrecognitionC.work

ingharderthaneverbeforeD.relyingonforeignarchitects29.WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A.Itshillyenvironment.B.

Itslargesize.C.Itsuniquestyle.D.Itsdiversefunctions.30.WhatmadeWang’sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A.Themixtureofdiffe

rentshapes.B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.31.WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccord

ingtoWang?A.Spreadthemtotheworld.B.Preservethematmuseums.C.Teachtheminuniversities.D.Recreatetheminpract

ice.【答案】28.B29.C30.D31.D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。28.推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得201

2年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B项正确。29.细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述可知，它的设计风格独特，与大多数中国大学的校园很不同，许多游客感对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到吃惊，故C正确。30.细节

理解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者TadaoAndo的评语可知，王澍设计的成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的和谐，故D正确。31.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthat

havebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是人工的和空的，故D正确。【点睛】根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文

章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到

判断有据,推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。此题的第一小题和第四小题为推理判断题。第1题根据第二段第二句可知WangShu获得2012年普利策奖，相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，再根据第三句他是第一个获此奖的中国人可知，中国建筑现在得到了国际认可，

因得到认可才能获奖。此题的解题关键时根据原文的两个信息句进行的判断，而ACD原文中没有提及。DAdultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects

.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtol

ivemorewithless.Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditwo

rked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholid

ayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金）(ourkindergartendaughterisseri

ousaboutbecomingadoctor)Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainoursel

vestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonet

oyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminut

es,max.Ichosearedrubberball-simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,thro

wingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.Webothbecamea

bsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleo

bjectworkedforbothofus.32.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Ear

nmoreandspendmore.33.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?A.SavingupforherholidayB.Raisingmoneyfora

poorgirlC.AddingthemoneytoherfundD.Givingthemoneytoasickmother34.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?A.TotryoutanideaB.Toshowaparent'sloveC.Totra

inhisattentionD.Tohelphimstartahobby35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TakeItorLeaveItB.ALessonfromKidsC.LiveMorewithLessD.ThePleasureofGivin

g【答案】32.A33.C34.A35.C【解析】这是一片夹叙夹议文。文章讲述作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。32.词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句…IcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidho

wtolivemorewithless可以推断出，人们通常认为越多越好。故选A。33.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthe

moneyintoherschoolfund(基金)可知，当我们承诺给她把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时，她同意卖玩具。故选C。【点睛】高考中词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替

代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜词、语法猜词和常识猜词。语境既上下文。由于上下文中的生

词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其它词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇，短语并结合具体的语境来推测。此题中第一题为词义猜测题。根据文章第一段的第三句the

goodnewsisthatIcan…可以推断出，前后语义相反，后句中是livemorewithless，所以前句应该是“越多越好”的意思。【2018·浙江卷】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸

上将该项涂黑。AIn1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefi

rstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（识字）rateinEngla

ndwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”N

ovels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofess

ionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverT

wisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeabo

utasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoft

imeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualread

ermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalk

soflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureoflite

ratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchasingula

rwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadeh

imselfalastingone.21.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A.Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B.Theywerepopularamongtherich.C.Th

eywereseenasnearlyworthless.D.Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.22.DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostre

ss________.A.hisreputationinFranceB.hisinterestinmodernartC.hissuccessinpublicationD.hisimportanceinliterature23.

Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Torememberagreatwriter.B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.D.Topro

motevaluesoftheVictorianage.【答案】21.C22.D23.A【解析】本文写于CharlesDickens诞辰200周年前夕，介绍了CharlesDickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。21.细节理解题。根

据第一段对当时情况的描写nobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（识字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Man

yworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors...Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immo

ral,orjustplainbad.印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的不正常的，毫无价值可言。故选C。22.推理判断题。根据第二段Dickens’greatnessisunchallenged.和列举的CharlesDickens小说的影响可知，把他和Mon

aLisa相比是为了说明CharlesDickens在英国小说方面的重要性和MonaLisa在绘画方面的重要性是一样的，故选D。23.写作意图题。根据文中对CharlesDickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描

写，和文章最后Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalasti

ngone.可知本文是写于CharlesDickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的

信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。本文推理判断题的考法：1.推测文章的观点或结论。小题1要求判断18世纪英国小说的现状，根据第一段对当时情况的描写nobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-po

weredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracyrateinEnglandwasunder50%.Novels,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.可知当时印刷技术落后，人们识

字率低，小说被认为是愚蠢的不正常的，毫无价值可言。2.推测作者写作目的或意图。小题3判断本文的写作目的，根据文中对CharlesDickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthap

proaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.可知本文是写于CharlesDickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此推断作者写本文是为

了纪念这位伟大的作家。BStevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtor

educelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.Whatisevenmoreinterestingisthaton

eofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupi

ntreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinso

me90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethat

theirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers'argument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopper

stopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,

theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtodayTheindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusa

bleshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequirem

oreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdo

n'tdispute（质疑）thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.24.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredt

odo?A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.B.Recyclethewastematerial.C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbag

s.25.Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?A.Bansonplasticbags.B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.C.Headaches

causedbygarbage.D.Plasticbagshungintrees.26.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?A.Theyarequiteexpensive.B.Rep

lacingthemcanbedifficult.C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.27.Whatist

hebesttitleforthetext?A.Plastic,PaperorNeitherB.Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrowAwayD

.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl【答案】24.D25.A26.D27.A【解析】文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋造成了环境问题，尽管纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。24.细节理解题。

根据第一段oneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.和第二段plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethatt

heirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.可知塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，是

对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。故选D。25.词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即Ba

nsonplasticbags，故选A。26.细节理解题。根据第四段However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.可知塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重

复使用的袋子需要更多的能量，故选D。27.标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic,PaperorNeither

既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，要看懂全文的主要内容，明白了主要内容就能准确概括文章标题。小题4要求概括标题，本

文讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic,PaperorNeither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。C

Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheas

semblyline（装配线）onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfif

teenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:ther

oadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedt

ofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstate

highwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickeninevery

potandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsoc

ietyintoanindustrialThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilha

sgrownby22percentsince1990.Theproblemsofexcessive（过度的）energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmeri

canwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（经济）isachanceto

keepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfood

isgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”28.Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2?A.ToexplainAmericans’lovefortravellingbycar.B.Toshowtheinf

luenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D.TopraisetheeffectivenessofAm

erica’sroadsystem.29.WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?A.Declineofeconomy.B.Environmentalproblems.C.Ashortageofoilsupply.D.Afarm-basedsociety.30.Wh

atisFriedman’sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture?A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.D.Tolera【答案】28.B29.B30.C【解析】文章

讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。30.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.和最后一段中的Friedmanpoin

tsoutthatthegreeneconomy（经济）isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.可见Friedman虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色积极的想法

。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的，故选C。【点睛】细节理解题具体方法：1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如forexample,first,second…等预测

应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题1要求分析第二段提到hamburger的作用，根据第二段ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,

behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,them

otel,eventhehamburger.可知现代美国诞生于公路和汽车，汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响。【2018·天津卷】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D

四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFirePreventionInformationTheUniversityofAdelaideemploysafull-timestaffoffirepreventionpr

ofessionals.Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systemsfirealarmsandfireextingu

ishers(灭火器).Theyalsoprovideeducationalprogramsorfiresafetyintheresidencehall.Wheneveryoumovetoanewarea,youshouldlocatethefireala

rmpullstationsandthetwoexitsnearestyourroom.FireAlarmsThefloorsofallcampusbuildingsareequippedwithmanual(手动的

）firealarmsystemswhichincludefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingofheatdet

ectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.Foryoursafety,nevertamperwith(胡乱摆弄）thesesystems.Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.FireDrillsA

firedrillwillbeconductedinyourresidencehalleverysemester.Duringafiredrill,pleasedothefollowing:·Takeyourroomkeya

ndID,closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.·Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexitdonotusealift.·Meetoutsideofyourreside

ncehallandwaitforfurtherinstructions.FireExtinguishersFireextinguishersarelocatedoneachfloorandineachapartment.Useafireextinguisheronlyifyouhav

ebeentrainedtodoso.Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcould

resultindamagetopersonalproperty.Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.SmokeDetectorAsmokedetectorisonthecei

linginyourroom.Somebuildingsalsohaveheatdetectorsontheceilings.Dothefollowingtoensurethesafeoperationofyoursmokedetector

:·Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblinking（闪动），contactresid

encehallstaffimmediately.·Donotcoverorblockyoursmokedetectorinanyway.·Ifasmokedetectorsetsoffanalarmandthereisnofireorsmoke,informyourhallstaff.3

6.Whatisthemaindutyofthefirepreventionprofessionals?A.Toprovidepart-timejobsforstudents.B.Toleadthestudentstothenearestexits.C.Tocheckandma

intainfirepreventionequipment.D.Totrainteacherstobefirepreventionprofessionals.37.Whatdotheautomaticfirealarmsy

stemsinclude?A.Pipesandsmokedetectors.B.Smokedetectorsandsprinklers.C.Firealarmpullstationsandpipes.D.Sprinkl

ersandfirealarmpullstations38.Inafiredrill,thestudentsshould________.A.rushquicklytoaliftB.gatheratthenearestexit.C.

shutthedoorandleaveatonceD.waitforinstructionsinthehall39.Whatdoweknowabouttheuseoffireextinguishers?A.Usingthemwronglyresultsinpun

ishment.B.Irresponsibleuseofthemcandamagethem.C.Improperuseofthemcandestroytheapartment.D.Usingthemwithoutatrainerpresentisforbidd

en.40.Toensurethesafeoperationofthesmokedetector,oneshould_________.A.contactthehallstaffregularlyB.coverthethingsthatburn

easilyC.startthesmokedetectorinafireD.makecertaintheredlightisworking【答案】36.C37.B38.C39.A40.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾

探测器的使用等方面介绍了一些防火信息。36.细节理解题。根据文章第一段Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systemsfirealarmsandfireexting

uishers(灭火器).可知，专职消防人员主要职责是检查、测试和维护所有的校园建筑物防火装备。故选C。37.细节理解题。根据文章FireAlarms中的句子Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingheatdetecto

rs,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷头组成。故选B。38.细节理解题。根据文章FireDrills中的句子TakeyourroomkeyandID,closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.和E

xitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexitdonotusealift.可知，在消防演习中，学生锁好门并立即从最近的紧急出口离开。故选C。39.细节理解题。根据文章F

ireExtinguishers中的句子Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.可知，误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选A。40.细节理解题。根据文章SmokeDetector中的句子Ifyoursmokedetectoris

workingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblinking（闪动），contactresidencehallstaffimmediately.可知，烟雾探测器是否安全运行，看红灯是否

闪动。故选D。点睛：文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如小题3中C选择项中leaveatonce与文中的Exiti

mmediately表达的同一个意思；小题4中考生要理解文中fines（罚款）是A选择项中punishment（惩罚）的一种，这些都考生需要比较它们之间的细微区别。BWhenIwas17,Ireadamagazinearticleaboutamuseu

mcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.Onasunn

ySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,"Doyouhavetheaddress?""No,butI'llrecognizeit,therewasapic

tureinthemagazine.""Oh,stop.Thereitis!”Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus."MayIh

elpyou?"amanasked."No,"Isaid."We'refine.”Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapainti

ngyouweren'tthatinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(爱窥探的),keepingtheireyesonmewith

curiosity.Whatwastheirproblem?Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme."Wheredoyouthinkyouare?"heasked.Iturnedshar

ply."TheMcNayArtMuseum!"Hesmiled,shakinghishead."Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.""What’sthisplace?”Iasked,stillconfused."Well,i

t'sourhome."Myheartjolted(震颤).Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,"Sally!Comedownimmediately!""There'ssomereallygoodst

uff(艺术作品)upthere."Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,"Sorry,pleaseforgiv

eus,youhaveareallyniceplace."Outside,whenItoldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldn'tbelie

vehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,Pic

asso.Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace."Excus

eme,didyoueverenteraresidence,longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?""Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?Wenevertoldanyone.""Th

atwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Yo

uthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeelingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.I'vealwayswantedtothankyou."41.WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?A.Shewasapainter.B.Shewasacom

munityleader.C.Shewasamuseumdirector.D.Shewasajournalist.42.Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemanint

hehouse?A.Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.B.Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.C.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.D.Sh

emistookhimforatourguide.43.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?A.Puzzled.B.Concerned.C.Frightened.

D.Delighted.44.WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords?A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.B.Shewastooupsettospendmuchti

meattherealmuseum.C.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.D.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.45.Wh

atcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.B.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.C.Peopletendtobeblindtot

hebeautyaroundthem.D.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.【答案】41.A42.D43.A44.D45.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者和朋友原想参观McNay博物馆，到了之后参观的时候，发现很

多人奇怪的看着她，最后才发现自己误将一个私人住宅当成McNay博物馆。30年后，一位女士认出误撞入自己住宅的作者，指出正是因为作者的误撞入才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽。41.细节理解题。根据文章第一段WhenIwas17,Ireadamagazinearticleabo

utamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.可知，MarianMcNay是一名水彩画家。故选A。42.细节理解题。根据文章第四段"MayIhelpyou?"ama

nasked."No,"Isaid."We'refine.”Tourguidesgotonmynerves.可知，导游令作者心烦，作者误认为屋子里的男人是位导游。故选D。43.推理判断题。根据文章第四段Thepeopleinthehallseemedveryno

sy(爱窥探的),keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?（大厅的人看起来都非常爱窥探的，眼睛不停的好奇的看着我。他们有什么问题？）可以推断出，作者当时感到困惑不解。故选A。44.推理判断

题。根据全文可知，作者着墨点主要在叙述参观误当成McNay博物馆的私人住宅上，故这才是文章的重心，所以将真正的McNay博物馆叙述一带而过。故选D。45.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Beforeyoucameover,Ineverrealizedwhatabe

autifulplaceIlivedin.可知，在作者未造访她家之前，这位女士从未意识到自己住的地方多么美丽，从而可以推断出，人们往往对周围的美而不见。故选C。【点睛】本文是叙事性的文章，文章有一定的趣味性，整体难度中等，考查主要以细节理解和推理判断两类题型。推理判断

题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。如小题3中考查作者被人盯着看的感受，我们需要找到文章中作者的措词n

osy，curiosity和problem，可以推断出作者当时非常困惑不解的心理感受。CThere’sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat’sbeginningtocomeintofocus:food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachin

esthatprint,cook,andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisn’tstoppingthere.FoodproductionWitha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedcho

colatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat—ittakesyearsofexperience,butapri

ntermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re-createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame,”fr

eeingcookstocompleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant,allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D-printed,ratherthanfarmtotable.Sustainabilit

y(可持续性）Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwil

lneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablyc

ontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解胶体)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻类)and

grasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹饪原料).3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock"food"thatlastsyearsonend,freei

ngupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.NutritionFuture3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthie

r.HodLipson,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,said,“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins

.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday’sbreadfromthesupermarket,you’deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”Cha

llengesDespiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome.Currently,mostingredientsmustbechangedto

apaste(糊状物)beforeaprintercanusethem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime-consuming,becauseingredientsinter

actwitheachotherinverycomplexways.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandm

ilkproductsmayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuitedforfas

tfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestaurants.46.Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction?A.Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes.B.Itsavesti

meandeffortincooking.C.Itimprovesthecookingconditions.D.Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations.47.Whatcanwele

arnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraphs3?A.Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.B.Itquickensthetransportationoffood.C.Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.D.Ituses

renewablematerialsassourcesoffood.48.AccordingtoParagraph4,3D-printedfood________.A.ismoreavailabletoconsumersB.canmeetindi

vidualnutritionalneedsC.ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarketsD.cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials49.Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintin

gfromspreadingwidely?A.Theprintingprocessiscomplicated.B.3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.C.Foodmaterialshavetobedry.D.

Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.50.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnologyB.ANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrin

tingC.TheChallengesfor3DFoodProductionD.3DFoodPrinting:FromFarmtoTable【答案】46.B47.D48.B49.C50.A【解析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章

主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。46.推理判断题。根据文章Foodproduction中叙述了没有经验的人可以用3D打印机做出复杂的巧克力雕塑和美丽的婚礼蛋糕，以及餐

厅能够用3D打印出所有的菜肴和甜点，从而可以推断出3D打印的优势是节省了做饭的时间和精力。故选B。49.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredient

s,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.可知，阻止3D打印食物进一步广泛使用的原因是原料必须是干的，含水多的肉和牛奶不能应用于3D打印因为很容易坏。故选C。50.主旨大意题

。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。所以用标题3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnology，故选A。点睛：科普类说明文历来是高考阅读理解命题的重点。本文是一篇

3D打印技术在食物方面的应用，文章运用一些小标题和对一些专业词汇作了多处中文注释，降低了考生的阅读难度。文章逻辑性强，条理清楚，主要考查学生对语篇的整体把握和领悟能力以及对特定细节的认读和处理能力。最后一小题考查主旨大意，为文章

选择出最好的标题。考生做此题时一定要注意选择项必须要能概括整个文章的内容，不能以偏概全。如B、C、D选择项在文章中都有所涉及，但不足以概括全文，所以需要考生正确概括全文的主旨大意。DGiveyourselfatest.Whichwayisthewind

blowing?Howmanykindsofwildflowerscanbeseenfromyourfrontdoor?Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you’l

lhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Achild’sdayisfilledwithfascination,newnessandwonder.Curios

itygaveusallanaturalawareness.Butdistinctionsthatweresharptousaschildrenbecomeunclear;wearenumb(麻木的）tonewstimulation(刺

激),newideas.Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespracticeandrequiresbreakingsomebadhabits.Thefirststepinawakening

sensesistostoppredictingwhatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs.Thisblocksawareness.OnechillynightwhenIwashikingintheRockyMountainswithsome

students,Imentionedthatweweregoingtocrossamountainstream.Thestudentsbegancomplainingabouthowcolditwouldbe.Wereachedthestream

,andtheyunwillinglywalkedahead.Theywerealmostknee-deepwhentheyrealizeditwasahotspring.Latertheyalladmittedthey’dfeltcold

wateratfirst.Anotherblocktoawarenessistheobsession(痴迷)manyofushavewithnamingthings.Isawbirdwatcherswhos

pottedabird,immediatelylookeditupinfieldguides,andsaid,a"ruby-crownedkinglet"andcheckeditoff.Theynolongerpaidattentiontothe

birdandneverlearnedwhatitwasdoing.Thepressuresof"time"and"destination"arefurtherblockstoawareness.Iencounteredmanyhikerswhowereheadedtoadi

stantcamp-groundwithjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark.Itseldomoccurredtothemtowanderabit,totakeamomenttoseewhat’saroundthem.I

askedthemwhatthey’dseen."Oh,afewbirds,"theysaid.Theyseemedbentontheirdestinations.Natureseemstounfoldtopeoplewhowatchandwait.Nexttimeyo

utakeawalk,nomatterwhereitis,takeinallthesights,soundsandsensations.Wanderinthisframeofmindandyouwillopenanewdimensiont

oyourlife.z.xxk51.AccordingtoParagraph2,comparedwithadults,childrenaremore____________.A.anxioustodowondersB.sensitivetoothers’feelingsC.likelyto

developunpleasanthabitsD.eagertoexploretheworldaroundthem52.WhatideadoestheauthorconveyinParagraph3?A.T

oavoidjumpingtoconclusions.B.Tostopcomplainingallthetime.C.Tofollowtheteacher’sadvice.D.Toadmitmistakeshonestly.53

.Thebirdwatchers’behaviorshowsthatthey__________.A.areverypatientintheirobservationB.arereallyfascinatedbynatureC.careonlyaboutthenamesofbird

sD.questiontheaccuracyofthefieldguides54.Whydothehikerstakenonoticeofthesurroundingsduringthejourney?A.Thenaturalbeautyisn’tattract

ivetothem.B.Theyfocusonarrivingatthecampintime.C.Theforestinthedarkisdangerousforthem.D.Theyarekeentoseerarebirdsatthedestination.55.Inthepassa

ge,theauthorintendstotellusweshould__________.A.filloursensestofeelthewondersoftheworldB.getridofsomebadhabitsinourdailylifeC.open

ourmindtonewthingsandideasD.tryourbesttoprotectnature【答案】51.D52.A53.C54.B55.A【解析】本文是一篇散文。我们有多久没有仔细观察我们周围的

世界了。作者通过此文要告诉我们：放慢脚步，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。51.推理判断题。根据文章第二段Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.可知，与成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的

世界。故选D。52.推理判断题。根据文章第三段作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅行穿过一条小溪的时候，学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。作者举这样一个事例是为了向读者传递这样的观念：避免过早下结论。故选A。53.细节理解题。根据文章第四段全段及首句Anot

herblocktoawarenessistheobsession(痴迷)manyofushavewithnamingthings.可知，鸟观察者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在做什么。故选C。54.细节理解题。根据文章第五段Iencount

eredmanyhikerswhowereheadedtoadistantcamp-groundwithjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark.Itseldomoccurredtothemtowanderabi

t,totakeamomenttoseewhat’saroundthem.可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。故选B。55.推理判断题。文章作者想要通过此文要告诉我们：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。【

点睛】本文是一篇散文阅读。整个文章行文自由，不拘一格，对考生来说阅读有一定的难度。但我们只需要抓住贯穿全文的主线：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，就不难理解全文大意了。文章多考查细节理解题和推理判断题，考生需要根据文中事实和线索作出判断和推理。【2018·北京卷】阅读下列短文，从每题所给

的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMyFirstMarathon（马拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks

,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,thetea

cherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas＂notathletic＂.TheideathatIwas＂n

otathletic＂stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorw

hetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcoul

dn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoel

aces(鞋带)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:＂GOFORIT,RUNNERS!＂Bymile17,Ibecame

outofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.By

mile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarm

clocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igo

tthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa＂marathonw

inner＂.36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor____________.A.waswelltrainedB.feltscaredC.madeuphismindtorunD.losthope37.Whydid

theauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalented

insports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.38.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.H

ewalkedtotheend.39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.Awinnerisonewithagreateff

ortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.C2[2018•北京卷]A【要点综述】本文是一篇故事类文章。作者记叙了没有运动天赋的他，在20多岁才开始长跑，但是一次在跑马拉松比赛前夕踝关

节受伤，但他坚持不懈，最终实现了自我的故事。36.C细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead”可知，作者在马拉松前一个月下定决心要参加马拉松比赛。故选C。39.B主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Determinedtobemyself,movefor

ward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner”.”可知，作者享受到了战胜自我的快乐，认为只要努力了就算是胜利者。故选B。BFindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviatio

n(航空)CenterIfyou’relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinsp

irewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering

,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewith

real-worldapplicationsforwhatthey’restudyingintheclassroom.Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges(荣誉徽章).AtSpaceCam

p,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated(模拟)fly

ingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAvi

ationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit(驾驶舱)ofavarietyofflightsimulators.Traineesalsogetagoods

tartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirs

earchandrescueof＂downed＂pilot.Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.Allt

hisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamiliesw

ithchildrenasyoungas7.Stayanhourorstayaweek—thereissomethinghereforeveryone!Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineatwww.oursac.com.40.WhydopeoplecometoSA

C?A.Toexperienceadventures.B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.C.Togetadegreeinengineering.D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.41.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atrai

neeneedsto.A.flytospaceB.getanAviationbadgefirstC.studytheprinciplesofflightD.buildandfiremodelrockets42.Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?

A.Leadership.B.Teamspirit.C.Taskplanning.D.Survivalskills.C4[2018•北京卷]B【要点综述】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章主要从辉煌历史、学习内容和招收成员的要求三个方面介绍了SAC（宇航中心）的培训项目，并呼吁大家多多

支持SAC。40.A细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Ifyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.”可知，SAC可以提供独一无二的冒险经历。故选A

。41.D细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandt

rysimulated(模拟)flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.”可知，要想得到徽章，需要制作火箭模型并点火。故选D。42.B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段“Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeya

straineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.”可知，团队合作是被训练者最重要的素质。故选B。CPlastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliont

onsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthe

reisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSp

ainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%of

plastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownab

out92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,ther

esearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirm

ass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.Fed

ericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallo

wsthemtobreakdownplastic.＂Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,＂shee

xplains,＂Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.＂JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTe

nnessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudi

es,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeprodu

cedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinl

andfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewo

rmsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlan

dfills.44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheen

zymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.A.helptoraisewormsB.hel

pmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplain

astudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance

.C8[2018•北京卷]C【要点综述】本文是一篇科普知识类文章。从环保理念出发，文章围绕一种可以降解塑料的虫子大蜡螟展开，描述了研究进展及虫子能降解塑料的原理，即使用其胃中的酶降解塑料，为塑料污染问题提供了新的思路。45.D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Butsheexpects

usingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess-notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic”可知研究者希望那些

化学物品可以批量生产，而不是将许多虫子直接扔在垃圾堆里。故选D。46.C写作意图题。全文都在围绕可以降解垃圾的虫子展开，文章的目的就是向读者呈现这种独特的降解塑料的方式。故选A。DPreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrob

otcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCalif

orniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealso

clearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.Cal

ifornia,itshouldbenoted,isn’tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It’shardtopredic

twhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtranspo

rtationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocu

sedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(

排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesure

thatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Ima

gineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpa

ckedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheir

driverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedryc

leaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealrea

dyfoundinride-hailing(叫车)services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecar

sworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftranspor

tationinfrastructure(基础设施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcom

merciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtec

hnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepric

esdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomak

esuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvanceme

ntpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavet

oplanforit.47.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan__________.A.helpdealwithtransportation-

relatedproblemsB.providebetterservicestocustomersC.causedamagetoourenvironmentD.makesomepeoplelosejobs48.Asfordriverless

cars,whatistheauthor’smajorconcern?A.Safety.B.Sideeffects.C.Affordability.D.Management.49.Whatdoestheunderlined

word＂fielded＂inParagraph4probablymean?A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.50.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-driving

cars?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.C7[2018•北京卷]D【要点综述】本文是一篇社会生活类文章。文章围绕无人驾驶汽车展开，展示了无人驾驶汽车的美好前景以及其必将到来的趋势，呼吁政

府采取措施，使无人驾驶汽车为人们的生活带来更多积极的影响。47.A细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourciti

es,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated”以及后文中作者所描述的这些汽车带来的有利影响可知，作者认为我们应该注意如何让这些汽车来帮助我们解决与交通有关的问题。故选A。48.D细节理解题

。根据文章第二段中的“Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourci

ties,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated”可知，无人驾驶汽车的普及将带领社会走向何方，取决于这段过渡期如何。除此之外，倒数第二段中也提到了政府对汽车降价带来的汽车数量上升的对

策。而A、B、C在文中均未提到。故选D。49.A词义猜测题。联系上下文，“考虑到无人驾驶技术的可靠性和责任与维护问题，第一批商用无人驾驶汽车几乎会被全部投放到打车行业”。故选A。50.B写作意图题。由文章的最后一段以及文章很大篇幅都在讲无人驾驶汽车的优点可知，作者对无人驾驶汽车怀有积极

态度。故选B。【2018·江苏】请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheMetropolitanMuseumofArt1000Fift

hAvenueNewYork,NY10028211-535-7710www.metmuseum.orgEntrancesFifthAvenueat82ndStreetHoursOpen7daysaweek.Sunday-Thursday10:00-1

7:30FridayandSaturday10:00-21:00ClosedThanksgivingDay,December25,January1,andthefirstMondayinMay.Admission$25.00recomm

endedforadults,$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloisters(回廊）onthesameday;freeforchildrenunder12withana

dult.FreewithAdmissionAllspecialexhibitions,aswellasfilms,lectures,guidedtours,concerts,gallerytalks,andfamily/children'sprogramsarefreewithadmissio

n.Askabouttoday'sactivitiesattheGreatHallInformationDesk.TheCloistersMuseumandGardensTheCloistersmuseumandgardensisabranchofTheMetropolitanMuse

umofArtdevotedtotheartandarchitectureofEuropeintheMiddleAges.Theextensivecollectionconsistsofmasterworksinsculpture,coloredglass,andpreciousobjects

fromEuropedatingfromaboutthe9thtothe15thcentury.Hours:Open7daysaweek.March-October10:00-17:15November-February10:00-16:45ClosedThanksgiving

Day,December25,andJanuary1.56.Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?A.$12.B.$3

7.C.$50.D.$6257.TheattractionoftheCloistersmuseumandgardensliesinthefactthat________.A.itopensalltheyearroundB.itscollectionsdatefromth

eMiddleAgesC.ithasamodernEuropean-stylegardenD.itsellsexcellentEuropeanglasscollections【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文

，主要介绍了英国艺术博物馆和修道院博物馆的参观指南，包括参观时间、价格、特点等。56.C细节理解题。根据Admission部分和FreewithAdmission部分，根据“$25.00recommendedforadults”可知，成人25美元每人；根据“Al

lspecialexhibitions,aswellasfilms,lectures,guidedtours,concerts,gallerytalks,andfamily/children’sprogramsarefreewithadmission”可知，带孩子的家庭中孩子免费，故C父母及他们

11岁的女儿总计付50美元，故选C项。57.B细节理解题。根据TheCloistersMuseumandGardens部分第一句“TheCloistersmuseumandgardensisabranchofTheMetropolitanMuseumofArtdevotedtotheart

andarchitectureofEuropeintheMiddleAges.”可知，修道院博物馆和花园的收藏品来自中世纪欧洲，故选B项。BInthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted(享有）aspecialmeatsoup

calledconsomme.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze'schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinv

entorofthemodernrestaurant.Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweea

t:dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta(意大利面食）whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonabla

ckplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycoul

dn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad:thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller,

andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces.fine

diningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:putonsomeMozart(莫扎特）.Whenclassica

l,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:dinersw

hogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—"bad"

tables,crowding.highprices—don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbut

soonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot"beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad'tables,"giventhatth

ey'reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation,suggestinggrea

tfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet'spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.58.Theunderlinedphrase"nonethewiser"i

nparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.A.notawareofeatingmorethanusualB.notwillingtosharefoodwithothersC.notconsciousofthefoodqualityD

.notfondofthefoodprovided59.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?A.playingclassicalmusic.B.Introducinglemonscent.C.Makingthelightbright

er,D.Usingplatesoflargersize.60.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.B.Probl

emsrestaurantsarefacedwith.C.Waystoimproverestaurants'reputation.D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.【文章大意】本文是一篇议

论文。论述了现代餐馆面临的经营困境和解决方案，通过对比快餐店和正规餐馆提出，现代餐饮业可以通过味道（比如薰衣草相比柠檬更能刺激消费者的食欲）、灯光的明暗（比如暗的灯光更能够刺激顾客食欲）等吸引顾客。58.A词义猜测题。根据该句中“…theydidn’tfeelfuller,andthe

ywerejustasreadyfordessert”可知，他们没有感觉更饱，想要再吃一点甜点；据此可以判断，划线词表示“他们没有意识到比平时吃得多”，故选A项。CIfyouwanttodisturbth

ecarindustry,you'dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.Butinagricultur

e,smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.Byconnectingdirectlywithcustomers,andbyrespondingquicklytochangesinthemarketsaswellasintheecosystems(生态系

统）,smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.Astheco-founderoftheNationalYoungFarmersCoalition(NYFC,美国青年农会）andafamilyfarmermyself.Iha

veafront-rowseattotheinnovationsamongsmallfarmersthataretransformingtheindustry.Forexample,taketheQuickCutGreensHarvester,atooldevelopedju

stacoupleofyearsagobyayoungfarmer,JonathanDysinger,inTennessee,withasmallloanfromalocalSlowMoneygroup.Itenablessma

ll-scalefarmerstoharvest175poundsofgreenvegetablesperhour—ahugeimprovementoverharvestingjustafewdozenpoundsby

hand—suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.Beforethetoolcameout,smallfarmerscouldn'ttouc

hthepriceperpoundofferedbyCaliforniafarms.Butnow,withthecombinationofabetterpricepointandagenerallyfresherproduct,theycanstayinbusiness.Thes

ustainablesuccessofsmallfarmers,though,won'thappenwithoutfundamentalchangestotheindustry.Onecrucialfactorissecureaccesstoland.Competitionfrom

investors.developers,andestablishedlargefarmersmakesowningone'sownlandunattainableformanynewfarmers.Fr

om2004to2013,agriculturallandvaluesdoubled,andtheycontinuetoriseinmanyregions.Anotherchallengeformorethanamillionofthemostqualifi

edfarmworkersandmanagersisanon-existentpathtocitizenship—thegreatestbarriertobuildingafarmoftheirown.Withfarmersovertheageof65outnumbering(多于）far

mersyoungerthan35bysixtoone,andwithtwo-thirdsofthenation'sfarmlandinneedofanewfarmer,wemustclearthepath

fortalentedpeoplewillingtogrowthenation'sfood.Therearesolutionsthatcouldlightapathtowardamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy

,butfarmerscan'tclumsilyputthemtogetherbeforeus.WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongresstoincreasefarmlandconservation,as

wepushforimmigrationreform,andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofadiverseandambitiousnextgenerationoffarms

fromallbackgrounds.WithanewfarmbilltobedebatedinCongress,consumersmusttakeastandwithyoungfarmers.61.Theauthormentionscarindustryatth

ebeginningofthepassagetointroduce.A.theprogressmadeincarindustryB.aspecialfeatureofagricultureC.atrendofdevelopmentinagricultureD.theimportanceo

finvestingincarindustry62.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratewiththeexampleinparagraph2?A.Loanstosmalllocalfarmersarenecessary.B.Technolog

yisvitalforagriculturaldevelopment.C.CompetitionbetweensmallandbigfarmsisfierceD.Smallfarmersmaygainsomeadvantagesoverbigones.63.Whatisthedifficulty

forthosenewfamers?A.Togainmorefinancialaid.B.Tohiregoodfarmmanagers.C.Tohavefansoftheirown.D.Towinoldfarmers’support.64.W

hatshouldfarmersdoforamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy?A.SeeksupportbeyondNYFC.B.Expandfarmlandconservation.C.BecomemembersofNYFC.

D.Investmoretoimprovetechnology.【文章大意】文章主要阐述了美国的小农场主所持有的优势，同时也分析了目前美国农业所面临的问题，比如美国农业目前很多人不愿意卖地，且60岁以上的农民数目远远高出年轻农

民。61.B推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Ifyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,you’dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcom

panies.Butinagriculture,smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.”提到汽车行业，小型汽车制造商不太可能打败最大的汽车公司。然而农业就不一样了，小农场也能成为主导可知，作者开篇提到汽车行业，目的是引起下文，说明了

农业特色，故选B项。62.D推理判断题。文章第二段是通过事例来证明第一段“…smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.”小农场也可能会超过大型农场可知，小农场也可能比大农场先占领先机，故选D项。63.C细节理解题。根据第

三段“Competitionfrominvestors,developers,andestablishedlargefarmersmakesowningone’sownlandunattainableformanynewfarmers.”来自投资者、开发商和老牌

大农场主的竞争使得许多新农民无法拥有自己的土地可知，对于新型的农民来说要拥有自己的土地，即自己的农场还是困难重重的，故选C项。64.A细节理解题。根据第四段“WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeC

ongresstoincreasefarmlandconservation,aswepushforimmigrationreform,andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofadiverseandamb

itiousnextgenerationoffarmersfromallbackgrounds.WithanewfarmbilltobedebatedinCongress,consumersmusttakeastandwithyoungfarmers.”可知，除了在敦促国会增加耕地

保护的同时，在推动移民改革的同时，在寻求确保不同背景、雄心勃勃的下一代农民成功的政策时，农民应该为一个更可持续、更公平的农业经济寻求更多的支持，故选A项。DChildrenasyoungastenarebecomingdepend

entonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,amajorstudywarned.Itfoundmanyyoungsters(少年）nowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpub

licapprovaltheygetonline,oftenthrough“like”.Somechangetheirbehaviorinreallifetoimprovetheirimageontheweb.Therepor

tintoyoungstersagedfrom8to12wascarriedoutbyChildren'sCommissioner(专员）AnneLongfield.Shesaidsocialmediafirmswereexposingchildren

tomajoremotionalrisks,withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendouspressuretheyfacedonline.Somesocialappswer

epopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.Theyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotential

photo-opportunitiesandthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—todemand“likes”fortheironlineposts.There

portfoundthatyoungstersfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnotrespondtosocialmediapostsquickly,anda

roundtheclock.Childrenaged8to10were"startingtofeelhappy"whenotherslikedtheirposts.However,thoseinthe10to12agegroup

were"concernedwithhowmanypeopleliketheirposts",suggestinga“need”forsocialrecognitionthatgetsstrongertheoldertheybecome.MissLongfieldwarnedth

atagenerationofchildrenriskedgrowingup"worriedabouttheirappearanceandimageasaresultoftheunrealisticlife

stylestheyfollowonplatforms,andincreasinglyanxiousaboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia.Shesaid:"Childrenareusingsocialmediawithfamil

yandfriendsandtoplaygameswhentheyareinprimaryschool.Butwhatstartsasfunusageofappsturnsintotremendouspre

ssureinrealsocialmediainteractionatsecondaryschool."Astheirworldexpanded.shesaid,childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinaw

aythatwas"hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoftheirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytod

evelopthemselves".MissLongfieldadded:"Thenthereisthispushtoconnect—ifyougooffline,willyoumisssomething,willyoumissout,willyousho

wthatyoudon'tcareaboutthosepeopleyouarefollowing,allofthosecometogetherinahugewayatonce.""Forchildrenitisvery,verydifficulttocopewithemotiona

lly."TheChildren'sCommissionerforEngland'sstudy—lifeinLikes—foundthatchildrenasyoungas8wereusingsocialmediaplatformslargelyforplay.However,theres

earch—involvingeightgroupsof32childrenaged8to12—suggestedthatastheyheadedtowardtheirteens,theybecameincreasingly

anxiousonline.Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool—atage11—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuret

oensuretheirpostswerepopular,thereportfound.However,theystilldidnotknowhowtocopewithmean-spiritedjokes,orthesenseofincompetencetheymightfeelift

heycomparedthemselvestocelebrities(名人）ormorebrilliantfriendsonline.Thereportsaidtheyalsofacedpressuretorespondtomessa

gesatallhoursoftheday—especiallyatsecondaryschoolwhenmoreyoungstershavemobilephones.TheChildren’sCommissione

rsaidschoolsandparentsmustnowdomoretopreparechildrenfortheemotionalminefield(雷区）theyfacedonline.Andshesaidsocialmediacompaniesmustalso"take

moreresponsibility".Theyshouldeithermonitortheirwebsitesbettersothatchildrendonotsignuptooearly,orthey

shouldadjusttheirwebsitestotheneedsofyoungerusers.JavedKhan,ofchildren'scharityBamardo's,said:"It'svitalthatnewcom

pulsoryage-appropriaterelationshipandsexeducationlessonsinEnglandshouldhelpequipchildrentodealwiththegrowingdemandso

fsocialmedia.“It’salsohugelyimportantforparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.”65.Whydidsomesecondaryschoolstudentsf

eeltoomuchpressure?A.Theywerenotprovidedwithadequateequipment.B.Theywerenotwellpreparedforemotionalrisks.C.Theywererequiredtogivequick

responses.D.Theywerepreventedfromusingmobilephones.66.Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblamebecause.A.theydidn'tadequatelychecktheir

users'registrationB.theyorganizedphototripstoattractmoreyoungstersC.theyencouragedyoungsterstopostmorephotosD.

theydidn'tstopyoungstersfromstayinguplate67.Children'scomparingthemselvestoothersonlinemayleadto.A.lessfriendlinesstoeachotherB.lowerse

lf-identityandconfidenceC.anincreaseinonlinecheatingD.astrongerdesiretostayonline68.AccordingtoLifeinLikes,aschildrengr

ew,theybecamemoreanxiousto.A.circulatetheirpostsquicklyB.knowthequalitiesoftheirpostsC.usemobilephon

esforplayD.getmorepublicapproval69.Whatshouldparentsdotosolvetheproblem?A.Communicatemorewithsecondaryschools.B.Urgemediacompa

niestocreatesaferapps.C.Keeptrackofchildren'suseofsocialmedia.D.Forbidtheirchildrenfromvisitingtheweb.70.Whatdoesthepas

sagemainlytalkabout?A.Theinfluenceofsocialmediaonchildren.B.Theimportanceofsocialmediatochildren.C.Theprob

leminbuildingahealthyrelationship.D.Themeasuretoreducerisksfromsocialmedia.【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要就“点赞中的人生”

的项目研究分析了社交媒体和中学生面临的压力二者之间的关系，以及社交媒体对孩子们带来的多重影响。65.B细节理解题。根据第二段“…socialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotionalrisks,withsomeyou

ngstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendouspressuretheyfacedonline.”社交媒体公司让孩子们面临重大的情感风险，一些青少年在中学时就没有能力应对他

们在网上面临的巨大压力可知，中学生还没有对情感风险做好充分的准备，所以他们感到压力巨大，故选B项。66.A细节理解题。根据第三段“Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysuppo

sedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13”可知，尽管一些社交应用程序应该要求用户至少13岁，但是很受孩子们欢迎，一些社交应用软件公司没有严格按照年龄限制，也就是说他们没有严格检查用户注册，所以他们应该受到责备，

故选A项。67.B细节理解题。根据第八段“Astheirworldexpanded,shesaid,childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinawaythatwas“hugelyd

amagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoftheirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves”可知，从孩子们的自我认同、自信心以及他们的发展能力方面来看，这是“极大的破坏性

”，所以孩子们在网上比较自己和别人可能会导致他们较低的自我认同和自信，故选B项。68.D推理判断题。根据第十一段和十二段的“Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool—atage11

—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuretoensuretheirpostswerepopular”可知，他们要确保他们帖子是受欢迎的，所以他们很担心要获得更多的认可，故选D项。69.C细

节理解题。根据第十四段“TheChildren’sCommissionersaidschoolsandparentsmustnowdomoretopreparechildrenfortheemotionalminefield(雷区)theyfacedonline.”以及第十五段“It’salsoh

ugelyimportantforparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.”可知，学校和父母现在必须做更多的准备让孩子们面对他们所面临的情感雷区，所以父母要时刻关注孩子

们的社交问题，故选C项。70.A主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章就社交媒体给中学生多带来的重大压力分析了社交媒体和中学生面临压力的二者关系，以及给孩子们所带来的影响，故选A项。2018最新模拟阅读理解【山西省太原市2018届高三第二次模拟】阅读下列短文,从每题所

给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。ALocatedinLosAngeles,UniversityofSouthernCaliforniaisintheheartofaleadingcity.AlthoughLArankshighlyin

TheEconomist’sSafeCitiesIndex,navigatingandcitycallsforcertainsafetyprecautions(预防措施)alongwithpracticingcommonsense.

♦MobileSafetyAppPoweredbyLiveSafeTheMobileSafetyApppoweredbyLiveSafe,managebytheUSCDepartmentofPublicSafetyandtheUSCDepartmentofEmergencyPlanning,i

safreedownloadableappthatmobileuserscanusetoinitiatecontactwithemergencyrespondersaroundthecampus.Featuresinclu

de:immediate“pushbutton”callstoDPS,easyreportingforsuspiciousactivityorcrimesinprogress,andlocationservicestonotifyfriendsofyourroutethroughcampus

.♦BlueLightPhoneLocationsTheUniversityParkhasmultiplebluelightphonesthatarestrategicallyplacedthroughoutcampus.Takenoteofwhe

retheclosestonesareonyourroute.Theycomeinhandyincaseyouloseyourphoneorinanemergency.Thesephonesaredir

ectlyconnectedtoUSC’sDepartmentofPublicSafety’s24-hourcommunicationscenter.Besidesemergencyneeds,itcanalsobeusedtoreportsuspiciousactivity,req

uestforanescort(护送)ifyoufeelunsafeandtoreportacrime.♦TrojansAlertTrojansAlertisanemergencynotificationsystemthatallowsuniversityofficialstocont

actyouduringanemergencybysendingmessagesviatextmessageoremail.Whenanemergencyoccurs,authorizedUSCsenderswillinstantlyno

tifyyouwithreal-timeupdates,instructionsonwheretogo,whattodo(orwhatnottodo),whomtocontactandotherimportantinfo

rmation.AllmembersoftheUSCcommunity,aswellasparentsandregularvisitorstocampus,arestronglyencouragedtosignupforTroj

ansAlert.1.Whatdobluelightphonesdoforstudents?A.Guidestudentsthroughcampus.B.Alertstudentstocrimeactivities.C.Lightupthewayifstudentsfeelunsaf

e.D.Connectthemwiththesafetydepartment.2.HowdoesUSCsendoutinstructionsduringanemergency?A.Withbluelightphones.B.Via

textmessageoremail.C.Throughmobilesafeapp.D.BycallingallUSCmembers.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toencouragestudentstofightcrime.B.Tointrod

uceUSC’ssafetydepartment.C.ToprovidesafetyservicesforUSCstudents.D.Toinformparentsofsafetyrisksoncampus.【答案】1.

D2.B3.C【解析】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了美国南加州大学为学生们提供的几种安全服务。1.细节推理题。根据BlueLightPhoneLocations中ThesephonesaredirectlyconnectedtoUSC’sDep

artmentofPublicSafety’s24-hourcommunicationscenter.可知，这些手机直接连接到南加州大学公共安全部门的24小时通讯中心，故选D。2.细节推理题。根据TrojansA

lert中TrojansAlertisanemergencynotificationsystemthatallowsuniversityofficialstocontactyouduringanemergenc

ybysendingmessagesviatextmessageoremail.可知，TrojansAlert是一个紧急通知系统，在紧急情况下通过短信或电子邮件发出指令，故选B。3.推理判断题。根据第一段naviga

tingandcitycallsforcertainsafetyprecautions(预防措施)alongwithpracticingcommonsense.和下文的安全服务措施的具体介绍可知，本文的目的是介绍大学为学生们提供的安全服务，故选C。【点睛】细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读

理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论

。做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。本文介绍了美国南加州大学为学生们提供的几种安全服务。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如forexample,first,second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己

所需要的事实。BEverydaywhenGlenOliverordershismorningcoffeeatthedrive-throughwindowofalocalcafe,heinsistsonpayingf

ortheorderofthepersonbehindhim.Healsoaskstherestaurantworkerstotellthecustomertohaveagreatday,incasethey’renotalreadyhavingone.Oliverhasnevermadeabi

gdealoutofhisowngenerousactionsuntilaletterwaspublishedbyanewswebsiteinNovember.Hefoundoutthathehadnotjustboughtsomeonehisbreakfast—hehads

avedalife.Accordingtothewebsite,someonehadwrittenaletterstatingthatonJuly18th,hewasplanningoncommittingsuicide.Thewritersaidthatwhilehewasa

tthedrive-throughwindow,hewasplanningongoinghome,writinganoteandendinghislife.Whenhewenttopayforhiscoffeeandmuff

in,however,thecashiertoldhimthatthemanintheSUVinfrontofhimhadpickedupthetabandtoldhimtohaveagreatday.“Iwonderedwhysomeonewouldbuycoffeeforas

trangerfornoreason,”saidthewriter.“Whyme?Whytoday?IfIwereareligiousman,Iwouldtakethisasasign.Thisrandomactofkindnesswasdirectedatmeo

nthisdayforapurpose.”Whenthewriterarrivedhome,hecouldn’tholdbackhistearsandstartedtothinkaboutthesimplegooddeedthathadaffectedhimsodeeply.“Idecideda

tthatmomenttochangemyplansforthedayanddosomethingniceforsomeone.Iendeduphelpinganeighbortakegroceriesoutof

hercarandintothehouse.”Thewritersaysthatinthemonthsfollowingthatfatefulevent,hedoesatleastonekindthingforotherseveryday.“Tothenicem

anintheSUV,thankyoufromthebottomofmyheart.Pleaseknowyourkindgesturehastrulysavedalife,”hesaid.“OnJuly18,2017,Ihadthegreatestday.”4.WhatisOl

iver’sactofkindnesseveryday?A.Buyingothersbreakfast.B.Greetingrestaurantworkers.C.Publishingpositivenews.D.Takinggroceriesforneig

hbors.5.WhatisspecialaboutOliver’sactofkindnessonJuly18,2017?A.Itbroughthimthank-youletters.B.Itwasrepor

tedonanewswebsite.C.Itwasthefirsttimehe’dpaidforothers.D.Itstoppedsomeonefromkillinghimself.6.Whatdoestheunderlined

phrase“pickedupthetab”meaninParagraph3?A.Paidthebill.B.Parkedthecar.C.Leftamessage.D.Orderedadrink.7.Howdidthewriteroftheletterfeelafte

rtheevent?A.Hefeltguilty.B.Hefeltgrateful.C.Hefeltconfused.D.Hefeltsaddened.【答案】4.A5.D6.A7.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。GlenOli

ver每天早上为后面的人买早餐，他的善举无意中挽救了一个想自杀的人的生命。4.细节推理题。根据第一段EverydaywhenGlenOliverordershismorningcoffeeatthedrive-throughwindowofalocalcafe,heins

istsonpayingfortheorderofthepersonbehindhim.可知，GlenOliver每天早上为后面的人买早餐，故选A。7.推理判断题。根据最后一段TothenicemanintheSUV,

thankyoufromthebottomofmyheart.可知，写信者非常感激GlenOliver，故选B。CMirroringChina’sPast:EmperorsandTheirBronzesChinesebronzes(青铜)ofthesecondandfirstmillen

niaBCaresomeofthemostdistinctiveachievementsinthehistoryofart.Thesevessels(容器)weremadetocarrysacrificialoffe

rings,touseinburialortohonornoblefamiliesinpublicceremonies.Whentheywerefoundbyemperorscenturieslater,thesespi

rituallysignificantobjectswereseenassignsofheavenlymessagesaboutaruleroradynastyandbecameprizeditemsinroyalcol

lections.Thisexhibition—thefirsttoexploretheseancientobjectsthroughoutChinesehistory—presentsarareopportunitytoexperiencealargenumberoftheseworkstog

etherintheUnitedStates.UnlikeGreekandRomanbronzesculpturesofhumanandanimalforms,mostobjectsfromBronzeAgeChina(abo

ut2000-221BC)werevesselsforceremonialuse.BeginningwiththeSongdynasty(960-1279),emperorsunearthedthesesymbolicworksandbegancolle

ctingthem,consideringthemtobeevidenceoftheirownauthorityasrulers.Inadditiontoimpressivecollections,theroyalfascinationwithbronzes

ledtothecreationofnumerousreproductionsandthecomprehensivecataloguingofpalaceholdings.Thesecataloguesareworksofartthemselves,featuringbeautifuldraw

ingsanddetaileddescriptionsofeachobject.Fromthe12thcenturyonward,scholarsandartistsalsoengagedincollecti

ngandunderstandingancientbronzes.Unlikeemperors,scholarsregardedbronzesasmaterialevidenceoftheireffortstorecoverandreconstructthepast,andth

eyoccasionallyexchangedthemastokens(象征)offriendship.TodayancientbronzesstilloccupyaprimarypositioninChineseculture—ashistoricalobjectsa

ndassignifiersofanimportantculturalheritagethatinspiresnewgenerations,asseenintheworksofcontemporaryartistsonvie

winthispresentation.MirroringChina’sPastbringstogetherapproximately180worksfromtheAnInstituteofChicago’sstrongholdi

ngsandfromthePalaceMuseuminBeijing,theShanghaiMuseum,andimportantmuseumsandprivatecollectionsintheUnitedStates.Byprov

idingviewerswithanewunderstandingofancientbronzesandtheirsignificancethroughtime,theexhibitiondemonstratesChina’sfascinatinghistoryanditsdevelopingp

resent.8.InwhatwayareChinesebronzesdifferentfromGreekandRomanones?A.Theyfascinatedtheroyalfamily.B.Theytookani

malorhumanforms.C.Theyservedceremonialpurposes.D.Theywereimportantculturalheritage.9.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcataloguesofbronzes?A.Unreal.B.Creat

ive.C.Artistic.D.Necessary.10.Whatcanweinferabouttheexhibitionaccordingtothetext?A.ItisheldinChina.B.Itis

arrangedbytime.C.Itisorganizedbyscholars.D.Itincludesmodernartworks.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“holdings”inthelastparagraph

referto?A.Viewers.B.Collections.C.Museums.D.Artdealers.【答案】8.C9.C10.D11.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是一次艺术品展览，这个展览主要展出的是中国的青铜

器。8.细节理解题。根据第二段UnlikeGreekandRomanbronzesculpturesofhumanandanimalforms,mostobjectsfromBronzeAgeChina(about2000-221BC)werevesselsforcer

emonialuse.可知，中国的青铜器和希腊罗马青铜器不同之处在于中国的大多数青铜器用于仪式使用，也就是礼器，故选C。9.推理判断题。根据第二段最后Thesecataloguesareworksofartthemselves,featuringbeautifuldrawingsand

detaileddescriptionsofeachobject.可知，作者认为青铜器目录本身就是艺术品，配有美丽的图画和每个物体详细的描述。故选C。10.推理判断题。根据最后一段MirroringChin

a’sPastbringstogetherapproximately180worksfromtheAnInstituteofChicago’sstrongholdingsandfromthePalaceMuseu

minBeijing,theShanghaiMuseum,andimportantmuseumsandprivatecollectionsintheUnitedStates.和theexhibitiondemonstrate

sChina’sfascinatinghistoryanditsdevelopingpresent.可知，这次展览包含了一些来自国内外的藏品，既有中国的，也有美国的，这次展览展示了中国迷人的历史和目前的发展现状。故选D。11.猜测词义题。此处指来自芝加哥的一个

研究所的大量的收藏品，“holdings”指收藏品，与collections同义，故选B。DIwasinthemiddleofcodingawebpagewhenmywifeemailedmethesequestions:Everwonderwhatitwouldbeliketohaveth

eface,thebrains,thepersonalityandthebody?Whatitwouldbeliketohaveeveryonestopwhenyouwalkinaroom?Whatitwouldbeliketobeable

togetanythingoranyoneyouwant?Istoppedforamomentandthoughtaboutitbecausemywifewouldn’temailmethisunlesssomethinghaddrivenhertodoso.Iema

iledherbackwithwhatIthoughtwasaprettygoodanswer.HereiswhatIwroteherback.Yes,Ihadthoughtmanytimesaboutwhatitwouldbeliketobeoneofthe

beautifulpeople.TobeabletotakeyourbreathawaywhenIwalkedintoaroom,ortobethelifeofthepartyandhaveeveryonefawning(奉承)overmeasIworeonlyt

hefinestclothesandsportedtheperfectbody?ButthenIalwayscamebacktotherealizationthatalifestylelikethatissofragile.Asyougetolder,yourbodych

anges;asyougetolder,themoneychanges.Yourbodyneverlooksthesame,theclothesbecomemoreandmoreexpensivetomaintain.Andon

ceyouhavecrossedtheline,suddenlyyouareout.Thenextfreshfacecomesinandyouarequicklyforgotten.Allthroughgro

wingupIwasneveranattractiveperson.Iwasoverweightandpickedon.Butthatdidn’tstopmefrombeinganiceperson—agood,clean,funnyan

dhelpfulperson.Iwasthepersonwhoyoucametowhenyouneededafriendafterabreakup.Iwastheoneyoucametowhenyouneededajoketobrightenupyourday.And

inthelongrun,Iwillbetheoneyouremember,notthenewface,orthefreshstyle.Inclosing,Iwouldliketosaythatwe,asapeople,havedevelo

pedintolooking(orthingsthatarebiggerandbetterinsteadofwhatwilllast.)Idon’tknowaboutyou,butIwillrememberthefr

iendwhohelpedmewhenIwasdown,morethanthehotgirlIjustsawwalkingdownthestreet.IwishIcouldteachtheworldsomemorejokes.12.Howdidtheauthorreacttohi

swife’squestions?A.Hetookthemseriously.B.Hewentoncodingthepage.C.Herepliedtothemrightaway.D.Hewonderedwhyshehaddones

o.13.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor?A.Hecaresmuchaboutappearance.B.Hehasacleverandbeautifulwife.C.Heis

alwaysreadytohelpothers.D.Hedoesn’tlikebeautifulwomen.14.Accordingtothetext,theauthorwouldagreethatoneshould______

__.A.tryanewandfreshlifestyleB.telljokestoliveameaningfullifeC.wearfancyclothestoattractpeopleD.bethepersonwhobringsjoytoothers1

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhatIsWisdom?B.WhatWillLast?C.ThreeQuestionsD.ThreeAnswers【答案

】12.A13.C14.D15.B【解析】这是一篇应用文。作者在给妻子的回信中谈到外表是暂时的，只有一个人善良，乐于助人的品质才是陪伴一生的东西。12.推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第二句Iemailedherbackw

ithwhatIthoughtwasaprettygoodanswer.可知，作者认真对待妻子提出的问题，故选A。15.主旨大意题。作者在给妻子的回信中谈到外表是暂时的，只有一个人善良、乐于助人的品质才是陪伴一生的东西。B项“什么将永久持续？”概括全文内容

，且比其他几个更能吸引读者，故选B。【点睛】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了做出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字

信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。本文主要考查文章的观点或结论。小题1考查作者对妻子问题的反应，根据第一段倒数第二句IemailedherbackwithwhatIthoughtwasaprettygoodanswer.可知作者认真

对待妻子提出的问题。小题2考查作者的性格特征，根据第三段Butthatdidn’tstopmefrombeinganiceperson—agood,clean,funnyandhelpfulperson.Iw

asthepersonwhoyoucametowhenyouneededafriendafterabreakup.Iwastheoneyoucametowhenyouneededajoketobrightenupyourday.可知作者是一个善良、干净、风趣、乐于助人的人，是一个

在别人需要时能提供帮助的人。小题3考查作者的观点，根据第三段Iwastheoneyoucametowhenyouneededajoketobrightenupyourday.和最后一段IwishIcouldteac

htheworldsomemorejokes.可推知，作者认为每个人应该成为给别人带来快乐的人。【山东省泰安市2018届高三第二次模拟】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASevera

lJobsThatWillBeAutomatedByArtificialIntelligence(AI)AndRobotsTranslatorImagerecognitionsoftwareandvoicerecognitionsoftwarea

rebringingsomemajoradvancestolanguagetranslation．ApplicationslikeGoogle’sWordLenscantranslatewordsfromsignsanddocumentsinrealtimeandt

herearealotoftranslationappsthatallowyoutotypeinawordorphraseandwilltranslateitforyou．Somewillevenspeakthephraseforyouandrawword-to-wordt

ranslationwillbefullyautomatedsoon．FastfoodworkersAutomatedorderingboothshavealreadymadetheirwayintoafewMcDonald’srestaurantsaroundth

eworld，andcookingpositionscouldberemovednext．Theboothsprobablycan’thandlecustomerserviceproblemswell，sotelevideos

ystemscouldbringinanofficeemployeetodealwithcomplaints．FieldtechnicianNewadvancesintheInternetofThingscouldmakethisworkobsole

te.Low-costsensorscombinedwithhighavailabilitycellular／satellitecommunicationsandcloudtechnologyarebeingstartedtoautomateandalarmthesesites,andcan

becheckedandmaintainedfromadesktopormobiledevice.SalesrepresentativeBut,e-commerceischanginghowwemakepurchasingdecisions,especiallythosewheret

hereisn’tmuchdifferentiationamongthemajorcompetitors.Ifyou’resellingahigh-differentiationproductand／orahigh-price,low-volumeprodu

ctyouhavesomejobsecurity,butifyou’resellingahigh-volume,low-differentiationproduct,youbetterstartpolishingyourresume,saidDougCampl

ejohn,CEOofFliptop.“Thesekindofproductsalesareallmovingonline.”21.WhatcanGoogle’sWordLensdo?A.Translatebyimageandvoicerecognitionsoftware.B.Speakt

hephraseorwordforyou.C.Makereal-timetranslation.D.Allowyoutotypeinawordorphrase.22.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondpart?A.

Alltherestaurantsownautomatedorderingbooths.B.Serviceproblemscan’tbehandledautomatically.C.Cookswillnotbe

automatedbyAIandrobots.D.CustomerswillhavenocomplaintsbecauseofAI．23.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obsole

te”meaninPart3?A.Abandoned.B.Welcome.C.Forbidden.D.Efficient.24.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“youbetterstartpolishingyourresume”inthelastparagraph?A.Youmus

tvalueyourpresentwork.B.Youhavesomejobsecurity.C.Yourresumeneedscorrectingfurther.D.Youshouldconsiderchangingthejob.【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D【

解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了几个可以被人工智能和机器人自动操作的工作。21.细节理解题。由Translator中的ApplicationslikeGoogle’sWordLenscantranslatewordsfromsignsanddocumentsinrealtimeandther

earealotoftranslationappsthatallowyoutotypeinawordorphraseandwilltranslateitforyou.可知，Google’sWordLens可以进行实时翻译，故选C。22.细节理解题。由Fastfoodworke

rs中的AutomatedorderingboothshavealreadymadetheirwayintoafewMcDonald’srestaurantsaroundtheworld,andcookingposit

ionscouldberemovednext.Theboothsprobablycan’thandlecustomerserviceproblemswell,sotelevideosystemscouldbringinanofficeemployeetodealwithcomplaint

s.可知，自动点餐机已经被全世界的一些麦当劳餐厅应用，然后接下来烹饪的岗位会被取消，但客户服务问题没有机器可以处理，故选B。23.词义猜测题。由Fieldtechnician中的Low-costsensorscombinedwithhighavailabilitycellular／s

atellitecommunicationsandcloudtechnologyarebeingstartedtoautomateandalarmthesesites,andcanbecheckeda

ndmaintainedfromadesktopormobiledevice.可知，低成本传感器结合高应用型的通讯技术和云技术可以取代人力，所以推断出NewadvancesintheInternetofThingscouldmakethisworkobsolete.

这句话的意思是互联网的新的改进，可以使得这项工作被废弃。“obsolete”的意思是“被废弃”，故选A。..........................................BItwasGroundhogDay.Awinterstor

mhadhitovernighttoo.Itriedtoopenmybackdooronlytofindsixinchesofwet,heavysnowpiledupagainstit.IknewIhadquiteajobofshovelingoutaheadof

me,soIreachedovertograbmysnowshovel.ItlookedalotmorereadytoworkthanIdid.Isighedandpulledonmyboots,gloves,andheavyc

oat.ThewindchillwasbelowzeroandcutintomyfaceasIslowlyshoveledoffmydeck.AfterthatIstayedmywayovertomydaughter’shou

seshovelingthepathasIwalked.IttookawhiletogetherdrivewayclearandIknewIstillhadalottodo.Nextcamethepa

thsdownthehilltomyowncarscoveredinsnow.Ihadgrabbedthebroomtosweepthemoffaswell.Iwincedwhenthebreezebl

ewthesweptsnowbackintomyface.ThenIstartedtoshoveloutmydriveways.MybackwasachingasIworked.IwishedIcouldbebuildingasnowmaninsteadofshoveling

.WintersurehadseemedalotmorefunwhenIwasaboy.WhenIwasdoneIexaminedmywork.Itdidn’tlookhalfbad.Ismiledandlookedatthew

oodscoveredinwhite.Theyweresuchaspecialsight.Ileanedonmyshovelandtookitallin.ThenIstartedupthehillwiththesnowshovelinonehandandthebroomintheother.Su

ddenly,anurgecameovermeandIdroppedthemboth.Ispreadmyarms,fedbackintotheblanketofwhiteandhappilymovedmyarmsandlegstomakeanangelinthe

snow.Asyougothroughtheseasonsofthislifetakejoyinyourwork.Takejoyinyourlife.Rememberthatthecourseofyourda

ysrestsinyourownhands.25.What’sthethemeofthetext?A.Enjoywinterwork.B.Takethingsseriously.C.Takejoyinyourlife.D.Fightagainstcold.26.Whichisthec

orrectorderofwhattheauthorshoveled?A.hisdeck-hisdaughter’sdriveway-hiscars-hisdrivewayB.hiscars-hisdeck-hisdaughter’sdrivew

ay-hisdrivewayC.hisdaughter’sdriveway-hisdeck-hisdriveway-hiscarsD.hisdriveway-hisdaughter’sdriveway-hiscars-hisdeck27.Whatcanweconcludeabo

uttheauthorfromParagraph3?A.Hewasnotsatisfiedwithhiswork.B.Hewasabsorbedinthesnowsight.C.Hewasfondofmak

ingsnowmen.D.Hewasinlowspiritsafterwork.【答案】25.C26.A27.B【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文通过讲述作者在扫雪的过程中，情不自禁欣赏雪景的经历，说明了要在生活中寻找快乐。25.细节理解题。由最后一段Asyougothroughtheseason

softhislifetakejoyinyourwork.Takejoyinyourlife.Rememberthatthecourseofyourdaysrestsinyourownhands.可知，这篇文章的主题是在你的生活中获得快乐，选C。26.细节理解题。

由第二段ThewindchillwasbelowzeroandcutintomyfaceasIslowlyshoveledoffmydeck．AfterthatIstayedmywayovertomydaughter

’shouseshovelingthepathasIwalked．IttookawhiletogetherdrivewayclearandIknewIstillhadalottodo．Nextcamethepaths

downthehilltomyowncarscoveredinsnow．Ihadgrabbedthebroomtosweepthemoffaswell．Iwincedwhenthebreezeblewthesweptsnowbackintomyface．ThenIstart

edtoshoveloutmydriveways．可知，作者铲雪的先后顺序是：他的露天平台——女儿的车道——他自己的汽车——他的车道，故选A。27.推理判断题。由第三段Ismiledandlookedatthewoodscoveredinwhi

te．Theyweresuchaspecialsight．Ileanedonmyshovelandtookitallin．ThenIstartedupthehillwiththesnowshovelinonehandandthebroomin

theother．Suddenly，anurgecameovermeandIdroppedthemboth．Ispreadmyarms，fedbackintotheblanketofwhiteandhappilymovedmyarmsandlegstomakeanangelinthesno

w．这里描写了作者忍不住欣赏雪景，内心的一种喜悦，可推知作者全神贯注欣赏雪景，选B。CIfyou’reabooklover，youhaveapileofbooksonyourbedside，orabookshelfinyourlibrarywitha“toread”signonit

．Yetyoucan’tstopyourselffromaddingtothepile．Thiscanleadtofeelingsofguiltoveryournewpurchases．ButI’mheretotellyouto

stopworrying．Whatyouhaveisanantilibrary，andit’saverygoodthing．ThetermcomesfromwriterUmbertoEco．Heistheownerofalargepersonal

library．Heseparatesvisitorsintotwogroups：thosewhoreactwith“Wow!Whatalibraryyouhave!Howmanyofthesebookshaveyouread?”a

ndtheotherswhogetthepointthataprivatelibraryisnotsomethingtoshowoffbutaresearchtoo1．Readbooksarefarlessvaluablethanunreadones．Indeed，themoreyoukn

ow，thelargertherowsofunreadbooks．Letuscallthiscollectionanantilibrary．Ifyouthinkyoualreadyknoweverythingaboutasu

bject，you’recuttingyourselfofffromastreamofinformationatanartificialpoint．Soagrowinglibraryofbooksyouhaven’treadmeansyou’reconsis

tentlycuriousabouttheunknown．Andthatattitudeisagreatfoundationforalifelongloveof1earning．Sodon’tfeelguiltoveryourunreadbooks．Thosebookswillbetheref

oryouwhenyoudowantthem，andasyoubuildyourlibraryofreadandunreadbooks，youcanstartusingitasyouwoulduseabiggerlibrary．Certainbooksmaybecomerefer

encesmorethanread-throughs．Oryoumayfindthatabookyouboughtfiveyearsagohasspecialrelevancetoday．Lettingther

oleofbooksevolveinyourlifeisahealthysignofcuriosity．That’sgoodforyouandgoodfortheworldaroundyou．28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“antil

ibrary”inParagraph2referto?A.Feelingsofguiltovernewbooks．B.Apileofbooksonthebookshelf．C.Thecollectionofunreadbooks．D.Alargepersonallibr

ary．29.Accordingtotheauthor，moreunreadbooksmean________．A.yourwronglifelonglearningattitudeB.youlimityourselff

romtheunknownC.yourhavenointerestinthenewworldD.yourstrongdesireaboutnewinformation30.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardshavinganantilibrary?A.Favor

able．B.Doubtful．C.Ambiguous．D.Contradictory．31.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.CuriosityisasignofhighIQ．B.Books

aretheladderinourlife．C.Unreadbooksaresurelyrelevanttothepresent．D.Weshouldreadthrougheverybook．【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.

B【解析】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要讲了收藏未读书籍这一行为是非常好的，收藏更多未读书籍意味着你对新信息的强烈渴望。28.词义猜测题。由第二段Readbooksarefarlessvaluablethanunreadones．Indeed，t

hemoreyouknow，thelargertherowsofunreadbooks．Letuscallthiscollectionanantilibrary．可知，知道的越多，未读书籍的名单越多，这种未读书籍的收藏就叫做antilib

rary，选C。29.细节理解题。由第三段Soagrowinglibraryofbooksyouhaven’treadmeansyou’reconsistentlycuriousabouttheunknown.可知，更多未经阅读的书意味着

你持续对未知的事物很好奇，也就是对新信息强烈渴望，选D。30.推理判断题。由最后一段Lettingtheroleofbooksevolveinyourlifeisahealthysignofcuriosity.That’sgoodforyouandgoodforthew

orldaroundyou.可推知，作者对于收藏未读书籍这一行为持赞成态度，选A。31.推理判断题。由最后一段Lettingtheroleofbooksevolveinyourlifeisahealthysignofcuriosity．Tha

t’sgoodforyouandgoodfortheworldaroundyou.可知，让书在你的生活中扮演一个激发我们好奇心的角色，对你和对世界都有好处，由此推知书籍是我们生活的阶梯，选B。DNoise-cancellinga

udioinstrumentshavebeenaroundforawhilenow，butoneBerlin-baseddesignerbelievesthatblocking“visualnoise”isasimportant，ifnotmoreso，ascancellingoutunwan

tedsounds．TothisendhehascreatedasimpleaccessorycalledtheFocusCap．Openworkspacesdefinitelyhavetheirbenefits，butt

heycomewiththedrawbackofofferingemployeeslittletonocontrolovervisualdistractions(干扰)．Withsomanypeoplearoundandsomuchgoingon

，someofuscaneasilygetdisturbedbythisinformationoverloadandlosefocusinwhat’sreallyimportant．That’swheretheFocus

Capcomesintoplay．“Aswearestillcavemenormammalskeptinanunnaturalenvironment，Ibelievethatonlybyreclaiming(收回)thenormal，stress-freehumanstatethroughsimp

letoolsandtechniquescanwefinallyreleaseouractualcreativepotentialandcreateourmeaningfulworkforabrighterfuture，”saysGermandesi

gnerHannesGreblin，inventoroftheFocusCap．Afterlookingatotherproductsdesignedatminimizingvisualdistractions，Greblindecidedthatmostofthemwere

eithertooexpensiveortoouncomfortabletobecomemainstream，sohedecidedtogowithsomethingmuchsimpler—asimplecapwitharetractablevisor(可伸缩的帽沿)．

Greblin’sFocusCapisreallystraightforward．Youjustwearitlikearegularcap’withthesidesofthevisorretracted，andjustcollapsethesideswheneveryouneedtofo

cusonwhat’saheadofyou．Whetheryou’retryingtofocusonataskinanopenworkoffice．Tryingtostudyatuniversity，orpracticingyogainaparkandtryingtoigno

restaresfromstrangers，theFocusCapcanhelp．Tobehonest，thiswholeprojectsoundslikeajoke，buttheFocusCapdoeshaveitsownwebsitewherepeopleinterested

inthisunusualaccessorycanactuallysignupforupdatesonwhenitwillgoonsale．Greblinclaimsitwillcost30euros($37)plusshipping．32.Whichofthefollowing

canbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhentousetheFocusCapB.HowtooperatetheFocusCapC.TheFocusCap—anordinaryacce

ssoryD.TheFocusCap—avisual-cancellingaccessory33.WhydidGreblincreatetheFocusCap?A.Tohelppeoplefocus．B.Todevelopintelligence．C.Tomakepeople

comfortable．D.Toreleasecreativepotential．34.WhatdoweknowabouttheFocusCap?A.It’sexpensive．B.It’ssimple．C.It’sdelicate．D.It’scomplex．35

.Fromthetextwecaninferthat________．A.TheFocusCapsimplyblocksunwantedsoundsB.TheFocusCapcanonlybeusedintheofficeC.Greblinisconfide

ntaboutthefutureofhisproductD.TheFocusCaphasbeenonsaleinquantity【答案】32.D33.A34.B35.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了

TheFocusCap——一款消除视觉污染的帽子。32.主旨大意题。由最后一段Tobehonest，thiswholeprojectsoundslikeajoke，buttheFocusCapdoeshaveitsownwebsitewherepeopleinterestedinthisun

usualaccessorycanactuallysignupforupdatesonwhenitwillgoonsale.可知，这篇文章主要介绍了TheFocusCap——一款消除视觉污染的帽子，选D。33.细节理解题。由第二段Withsomanypeoplearoundandsom

uchgoingon，someofuscaneasilygetdisturbedbythisinformationoverloadandlosefocusinwhat’sreallyimportant．That’swheretheFocusCapc

omesintoplay．可知，Greblin发明这款帽子是为了帮助人们集中精力，选A。34.细节理解题。由倒数第三段asimplecapwitharetractablevisor(可伸缩的帽沿)可知，这款帽子很简单，选B。35.推理判断题。由最后一段Tobeh

onest，thiswholeprojectsoundslikeajoke，buttheFocusCapdoeshaveitsownwebsitewherepeopleinterestedinthisunusualacces

sorycanactuallysignupforupdatesonwhenitwillgoonsale．Greblinclaimsitwillcost30euros($37)plusshipping．可推知，Greblin对他的这款产品的未来很有信心，选C。【吉林省长春市2018届高三年级

四模】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ABeginninglifeatcollegenaturallydevelopsbothexcitementandanxietyformanyreasons.Forsome

,thisfeelingisquicklyovercomeastheyadapttoanewenvironment;forothersthechangetakeslongerandsometimesappearsashomesickness.Ifyouarehomesi

ck,youmightnoticeanincreasein:Lowenergyormotivation.Troublesleeping.Increases/decreasesinappetite.Havingdi

fficultywithschool.Increaseduseofdrugsoralcohol.Lackofinterestorinvolvementinnewsurroundings.CAUSESThedistancefromhome—thefartheryoug

o,theworseitmaybe.Unhappinesswhenthingsaredifferentfromyourexpectationsofstudentlife.Youhavefinallyarrivedatcollegeafterworkingtowardit

forsolong.Aheavyworkload.Studentswhoarehomesickoftenfeeltheyhavenocontrolovertheirenvironment.WHATMIGHTHELP?Keepingoodcontactwiththepe

opleyouhaveleftbehind,butalsogiveyourselftimewithintheuniversitytobegintogetinvolvedhere.Berealisticaboutwhattoexpectfromstudentli

feandfromyourself.Setupabalancebetweenworkandleisure.Ifworkisprovingtoodifficult,youmayneedtoimproveyourstudyskillsoryourorganizationoftime.Reme

mbertogetenoughfoodandsleep!Theseaffectyouemotionallyaswellasphysically.Makecontactsandfriendsthroughsharedactivitiessuchassportsorotherinterests.If

youstopbeingabletodonormalsocialandacademicthings,seekprofessionalhelpeitherfromyouradvisorordeanorthecounselingservice.1.Whatmightbeasig

noffeelinghomesick?A.Feelinglikequarrelingwithsomeoneelse.B.Becominginterestedinstudythaneverbefore.C.

Findingfoodorfruitlessattractive.D.Participatinginalmostallactivitiesincollege.2.Newcollegestudentsmightbehomesickbecau

se________.A.theyareneverfarawayfromtheirparentsB.theyfeelupsetaboutsomethingunexpectedC.theysuddenlydonothaveanything

todoD.theydonotliketheuniversitytheyarein3.Whichofthefollowingmeasuresmightbehelpfulforhomesickstudentsacc

ordingtothetext?A.Keepingtheiroldfriendsleftbehind.B.Remindingthemselvestokeepbusyandforgetit.C.Forcingthemselvestostayintheirdorm

sonweekends.D.Goinginforsportswiththeirfriends.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了刚离开家上大学的学生面对新环境可能遇到的问题和给他们提出的建议。1

.细节理解题。由原文“Increases/decreasesinappetite.”可知，如果一个人想家，就有可能增加或减少食欲，所以C选项“感觉食物或水果失去吸引力”符合题意，而其他选项“想跟别人吵架”、“对学习比以前更感

兴趣”和“几乎参加了大学所有的活动”都不符合题意。故答案选C。2.细节理解题。由CAUSES部分“Unhappinesswhenthingsaredifferentfromyourexpectatio

nsofstudentlife.”可知，当事情不符合新入学的学生的期望时，他们就会不高兴，进而思家。所以B选项“他们对不符合预期的事物感到厌烦”是引起思家的原因之一。故答案选B。3.推理判断题。由WHATMIGHTHELP?部分“Keepingoodcontactwiththe

peopleyouhaveleftbehind”可知，要跟留下的人保持联系，所以A选项“要一直让老朋友留下”是不正确的。由WHATMIGHTHELP?部分“Setupabalancebetweenworkand

leisure.”可知，应该在工作和休闲之前建立一个平衡，所以B选项“提醒他们自己保持忙碌并忘记想家”是不符合题意的。由WHATMIGHTHELP?部分“Makecontactsandfriendsthroughsharedactivi

tiessuchassportsorotherinterests.”可知，可以通过运动或其他兴趣来结识其他朋友，所以C选项“强迫自己周末待在宿舍”是不正确的，而D选项“跟朋友一起运动”是正确的。故答案选D。

BFei-FeiLiarrivedintheU.S.fromChinaatage16withmanybigdreams.Andittookmanyunusualjobstohelpherachievethem.Luckily,shewassm

artandextremelydriven.Andtoday,she’sthedirectorofStanfordUniversity’sartificialintelligencelab.“AsoneoftheleadersintheworldforA.L.,Ifeelmuchex

citementandresponsibilitytocreatethemostawesomeandexcellenttechnologyforsocietyandtoeducatethemostawesomeandexcellenttechnolog

ists—that’smycalling.”Lisaid.Sheisalsoaloyaladvocatefordiversityinthetechindustry.“IseeextremelytalentedStanfordPhDstudentsstruggling

withtheirvisasandIfinditunthinkablethatwecreatesomanybarriersforthetalentsoftheworld”,Lisaid.WhileLiwasincollegeatPrinceton,she

borrowedmoneyfromfriendsandevenherhighschoolmathteachertorunadry-cleaningbusinessforherparentsinordertohelpthemgetby.Liattendedclassesduringtheweekan

dworkedatthebusinessontheweekends.Then,whenLiwasingraduateschool,hermomdevelopedcancerandhadastroke(中风).“Itwasdifficulttokeepmovingaheadwh

ileallofthiswashappening.Therealexistentialchallengeistoliveuptoyourfullestpotential,liveuptoyoursenseofresponsibilityandtobehonesttoyou

rselfaboutyourdreamswhiledoingit,”shesaid.LiwasnamedaGreatImmigrantof2016bytheCarnegieCorporation,thenation’sol

destgrantmakingfoundationwhichhonorsroughly40naturalizedU.S.citizenseachyear.HergraduatestudiesweresupportedbythePaul&D

aisySorosFellowshipsforNewAmericans.4.WhatdoweknowaboutFei-FeiLiaccordingtoParagraph1?A.ShewasbornintheUnitedStateso

fAmerica.B.Shehasmademanyofherdreamscometrue.C.Sheworkedveryhardbecauseshe’snotgifted.D.She’snowdoingresearchesonAIinChina.5.Whatdoestheund

erlinedword“calling”inParagraph2referto?A.Interestintechnology.B.Desiretohelp.C.Creativityinscience.D.Senseofduty.6.WhatwasFei-FeiLi’sl

ifelikebeforeshegraduatedfromuniversity?A.Shehadbeenstrugglingwithhervisa.B.Bothherparentssufferedfromillness.C.Herfamilywasfacedwithatightbudget.D.I

twasdifficultforhertoattendclasses.7.Fei-FeiLihasachievedsuccessbecause________.A.herawarenessofherdutyandgoalsmadeadifferen

ceB.anAmericanfoundationgavehersupportC.theCarnegieCorporationnamedheraGreatImmigrantD.shewasluckyenough

toborrowmoneyfromothers【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【解析】这是一篇人物传记类文章。文章介绍了李菲菲来到美国后通过自己的努力克服困难最终取得成功的故事。4.细节理解题。根据第一段“Fei-FeiLiarrivedinthe

U.S.fromChinaatage16withmanybigdreams.Andittookmanyunusualjobstohelpherachievethem.Luckily,shewassmartandextremelydriven.Andtoday,she’

sthedirectorofStanfordUniversity’sartificialintelligencelab.”可知，在16岁时，李菲菲带着许多很大的梦想从中国到了美国。她做了许多不平常的工作来实现这些梦想。

幸运的是，她聪明而有极强的自我鞭策力。现在她在美国研究人工智能。所以只有选项B正确。5.词义猜测题。根据第二段“Ifeelmuchexcitementandresponsibilityto…”可知，李菲菲觉得她有责任为社会创造出最卓越、最优秀的技术，并培养出最优秀、最优秀的技术人

才。所以只有D选项“责任感”符合题意。故答案选D。6.细节理解题。根据第四段中“IseeextremelytalentedStanfordPhDstudentsstrugglingwiththeirvisas”可知，李菲菲

说她看到许多有天赋的斯坦福学生为签证苦苦挣扎，而不是李菲菲为签证苦苦挣扎，所以选项A错误。由“hermomdevelopedcancerandhadastroke”可知，李菲菲的妈妈病了，而不是父母都生病了，所以选项B错误。由“Liattendedclassesd

uringtheweekandworkedatthebusinessontheweekends.”可知，李菲菲平时上课，周末打工，而不是上课很困难，所以选项D错误。由“WhileLiwasincollegeatPrinceton,sheborrowedmoneyfromfrie

ndsandevenherhighschoolmathteachertorunadry-cleaningbusinessforherparentsinordertohelpthemgetby.”可知，李菲菲读书时，曾经借钱帮父母经营干洗店，所以家庭经济困难，选项C正确。所以选C。7.推理判断题

。根据最后一段可知，这个基金会给予她“伟大移民”的称号是在她取得成功之后，所以选项C错误。根据全文可知，李菲菲的成功主要是凭借个人的努力，而不是基金会的支持，所以B项错误。根据第四段可知，李菲菲借钱是为了解决家庭经济困难，跟事业上

的成功没有直接关系，所以选项D错误。根据全文内容，特别是第四段“Therealexistentialchallengeistoliveuptoyourfullestpotential,liveuptoyoursenseofresponsibilityandtobe

honesttoyourselfaboutyourdreamswhiledoingit,shesaid.”可知，李菲菲认为“真正的生存挑战是充分发挥你的潜力，履行你的责任感，在做梦想的时候诚实地面对自己”，所以强烈的责任感和设立明确的目标，努力克服困难和挑战是李菲菲最终成功的原因。所以

选项A正确。CChinawillgreenlightInternetmedicalservicesconductedbymedicalinstitutionsaspartofabroaderpushtopromoteInternetPlusHealthcare,th

oseataStateCouncilexecutivemeetingchairedbyPremierLiKeqiangdecided.Medicalinstitutionswillbeallowedtoprovideonlinediagnost

icservicesforsomecommonandchronicdiseasesinpatients’follow-upvisitstotheirdoctors.Thetoplevelsofhospitalswillbeenc

ouragedtoprovideonlineservices,includingconsultations(会诊),reservationsandtestresultinquiries.AsChinajoinstheranksofmiddle-

incomecountries,thedemandforhealthserviceshasincreasedaccordingly.InternetPlusHealthcarecanhelpreducetheprobl

emofinaccessibleandexpensivepublichealthservicesthathavelongbeenabigconcernforthegeneralpublic.Onedecisioncomingoutofth

emeetingsaystheintelligentreviewforhealthinsurancewillbeappliedandtheone-stopsettlementwillbeadvanced.Thereal-timesharingofprescriptionandd

rugretailsaleswillbeexplored,aswell.“Wemustwastenotimeinpushingforwardthemeasuresoncethedecisionsmade.”Lisaid.“Inrecentyears,top-levelhospitalsinm

ajorcitieshaveseensteadyincreasesinthenumberofpatents.Medicalbillshavebecomeaheavyburdenonfamiliesandhigh-endmedicalresourcesstillfa

llshortofmeetingthegrowingdemandofthepublic.”Tosolvetheproblem,atwo-pronged(双管齐下的)approachmustbetaken.Oneistoestab

lishmedicalpartnershipstostrengthencooperationbetweenmajorhospitalsandcommunityclinics.TheotheristobringforwardInternetPlusHealthcaretopromo

tethesharingofqualitymedicalresources.Thegovernmentwillseetoitthatlong-distancehealthcareservicescoverallcount

y-levelhospitals.Somoreeffortswillbemadetoensurethathigh-speedbroadbandnetworkwillbeextendedtocovermedicalinstitutionsi

nurbanandruralareas.Dedicatedinternetaccessserviceswillbesetuptomeettheneedsforlong-distancehealthcareservices.8.Accordingtothetext,whichoft

hefollowingserviceswon’tapatientenjoyonline?A.Receivingamedicaloperation.B.Askingdoctorsforadviceafterthetest.C.Sev

eraldoctorsdiscussionaboutthedisease.D.Makinganappointmentwithadoctorinadvance.9.WhyisthedemandforhealthservicesincreasinginChina?A.Theex

penseofmedicalcare.B.Therecognitionofhealthinsurance.C.Theimprovementofpeople’slifequality.D.Theinconven

ienceofhospitalequipment.10.WhatdoesLimeanbysaying“Wemustwastenotimeinpushingforwardthemeasures”?A.Thebillsareimpossibletoafford.B

.Thesituationsareurgenttoimprove.C.Themeasuresareperfectlyworkedout,D.Thehospitalsareunwillingtoadmit

patients.11.Whatcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A.ModernHospitalsB.OnlineHealthcareonitsWayC.NoMoreBurdenforGeneralPeopleD.WideApplicationsofInt

ernetService【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.B10.推理判断题。由第三段“InternetPlusHealthcarecanhelpreducetheproblemofinaccessibleandexpensivepublichealthservicesthathavelongbe

enabigconcernforthegeneralpublic.”可知，公共卫生服务一直是公众关注的焦点。由第五段“Inrecentyears,top-levelhospitalsinmajorcitieshaveseensteadyincr

easesinthenumberofpatents.Medicalbillshavebecomeaheavyburdenonfamiliesandhigh-endmedicalresourcesstillfallsh

ortofmeetingthegrowingdemandofthepublic.”可知，近年来医疗费用已成为家庭的沉重负担，高端医疗资源无法满足公众日益增长的需求。所以目前医疗资源不足等问题日益严重和紧迫，所以

中国政府必须抓紧时间采取措施解决问题。所以答案选B。11.主旨大意题。由文章开头“ChinawillgreenlightInternetmedicalservicesconductedbymedicalinstitut

ionsaspartofabroaderpushtopromoteInternetPlusHealthcare”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲了中国政府推行网上医疗服务的消息。所以选项B符合问题。DInthestoryof“ThecrowandthePitcher”fromA

esop’sFables,athistycrow(乌鸦)dropsstonesintoanarrowjartoraisethelowlevelofwaterinsidesohecantakeadrink.Nowscientistshaveevidencetoba

ckupthatstory.Crowsactuallydounderstandhowtomakewaterdisplacement(移位)worktotheiradvantage,experimentsshow.Theresultssuggestt

hatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst-graders.Researchers,ledbySarahJelbertattheUnivers

ityofAucklandinNewZealand,presentedsixcrowswithtubesfilledwithwater.Insidethetubes,awormorpieceofmeatonapieceofwo

odwasfloating,justoutofreachofthecrow.Infrontofthetubes,theresearchersarrangedseveralrubbererasersthatwouldsink,andsomeplasticobjectsthatwouldfloat

.Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheerasersintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterlevelandgettheirsnack.

However,thebirdshandledawkwardlyinexperimentsinwhichtheycouldchoosetodropobjectsineitherawidetubeoranarrowonetogetasnack,theresearcherssaid.Droppin

gobjectsintonarrowtubewouldliftthewaterlevelbyagreateramountandputthetreatwithinreachafterjusttwodrops;whil

eittookaroundsevendropstoraisethesnacktothesamelevelinthewidetube.Thecrowsobviouslydidn’trealizethis,andmostofthem

wentforthewidetubefirst.Previousstudiesshowedthatchimpsandhumanchildrencansolvesimilartasks.Ina2011study,chimpsandkidsfoundout

thattheycouldputwaterintoatubetoreachapeanutthatwasfloatinginasmallamountofwateratthebottom.12.HowdidthecrowsgetthesnackinSarah’sexperim

ent?A.Bybreakingthetube.B.Bydroppinginerasers.C.Bystandingonthewood.D.Byremovingthewood.13.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thebirds

handledawkwardly”inparagraph4?A.Theywereunabletotelldifferentshapes.B.Theydroppedobjectsonlyintonarrowtubes.C.Theywerenot

awareofthesnackatfirstsight.D.Theymostlyavoidedtheeasierwaytogetthesnack.14.Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?A.StoriesofAesop’sFables.B.Thedevelop

mentofcrows.C.Crows’intelligence.D.Human-animalcommunication.15.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Crowsarealmostascleverasfirst-gradersinsomerespec

ts.B.Crowsunderstandwaterdisplacementcompletely.C.Chimpsandchildrenaremuchsmarterthancrows.D.Thestoryo

f“ThecrowandthePitcher”lacksevidence.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.A【解析】这是一篇科普类文章。文章主要讲了科学家通过喝水实验对乌鸦智商的研究。12.细节理

解题。根据第三段“Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheerasersintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterlevelandgetthei

rsnack.”可知，乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管子里，使食物浮起，然后吃到食物。所以选项B正确。13.语句猜测题。从第四段可知，实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时，虽然细管比粗管需要更少的水和时间就可以把食物浮起来，但是乌鸦往往先去粗管那边，而没有选择更容易浮起食物

的细管。由此可知，这一句话的意思应该是“鸟儿大多没有选择更容易的方式得到零食”。所以答案选D。14.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeasp

ects,assmartasfirst-graders.”以及后面的几个实验可知，整篇文章都是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。所以答案选C。【点睛】语句猜测题要求考生根据语境的意义，判断划线的短语和句子在文中的指代含义。考生虽然可能这一句话的每个单词都认识，但并不是直白的翻

译出来就可以。必须结合上下文的逻辑关系和文章的语境，来判断该语句的深层含义或者说是“言外之义”。例如本文的第二题，“thebirdshandledawkwardly”这句话直译过来就是“鸟儿的操作很笨拙”，

但是显然题目的答案中没有这一选项。这时我们就要找出它的深层含义，根据下文的实验，我们发现在面对粗细不同的两只管子时，乌鸦们大多选择粗管，而没有选择更容易的细管，也就是没有使用更容易的方式得到零食。这时我们就可以找到最符合题意的答案:选项D（

它们大多避免了更容易得到零食的方式）。【湖南省长沙市雅礼中学、河南省实验中学2018届高三联考】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ALastyear,

whenourthree-year-oldgreat-granddaughterKyliewastakentoseeSantaClaus,shemadesuretogivehimherwishlistoftoys.Aweeklater,sheranintoad

ifferentSantainamall.HestoppedtoaskwhatshewantedforChristmas.Kyliewassurprisedandlethimknow:“Ifyoucan’trememberwhatItoldyoulastweek,howareyougo

ingtorememberonChristmasEve?!”MaryPaul,Milwaukee,WisconsinAsmysonMikeandIdrovetothemall,wepassedaSalvationArmySantaringinghisbell.“Mike,”Isaid

,“there’sSanta!”Heshookhishead.“That’sjustsomeguyinaSantasuit,”hesaid.ItsaddenedmetothinkthatmaybemysonnolongerbelievedinSanta,andwedrovethe

restofthewayinsilence.Atthemall,wespottedanotherSantagreetingyoungbelievers.Suddenly,Miketookofftoward

him.Turningbacktome,heshouted.“Now,there’stherealSanta!”MichaelE.Fahey,Huntley,IllinoisWeimmigratedtoAmericaf

romChinawhenIwassix.BecauseIwasshyanddidn’tspeakEnglish,Ihadfewfriends.Mydayswerespentathomewithmybrother.Someti

meswe’dhelpourneighborMr.Muellerpullweeds.OneChristmasDay,therewasaknockatthedoor.Grandmaopenedit,andtherestoodabigfellowinredwi

thasnow-whitebeard,laughing,“Ho,ho,ho!”Hehandedoutpresentsandmadeuslaugh.Ihadsomuchfun.ItwasyearslaterwhenIlearnedth

atourspecialSantawasourneighborMr.Mueller.JoanneTang,LitchfieldPark,Arizona1.WhywasKyliesurprisedwhenrunningintoadifferentSanta?A.Becauseshegotwha

tshewished.B.BecausesheknewwhotheSantawas.C.Becauseshewishedtogetanothertoy.D.BecauseshethoughttheywerethesameSanta.2.Whatwo

uldMike’sparentfeelastoMike’sdifferentattitudestowardsSanta?A.Angry.B.Sad.C.Confused.D.Understandable.3.WhatdidMr.Muellerdoon

ChristmasDay?A.Hestoodoutsideourhouse.B.HegaveoutgiftsbyactingasSanta.C.Hecontinuedtopullweeds.D.Hest

ayedwithusinourhome.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍三个人亲身经历的一些关于圣诞节的故事。1.推理判断题。根据第一段中Aweeklater,sherani

ntoadifferentSantainamall.HestoppedtoaskwhatshewantedforChristmas.Kyliewassurprisedandlethimknow:“Ifyoucan’tremem

berwhatItoldyoulastweek,howareyougoingtorememberonChristmasEve?!”可知，当Kylie遇到另一个圣诞老人时，她感到很惊讶，因为她认为他们是同一个圣诞老人。故D项正确。3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Hehandedout

presentsandmadeuslaugh.Ihadsomuchfun.ItwasyearslaterwhenIlearnedthatourspecialSantawasourneighborMr.Mueller.可知，在圣诞节Mr.Muel

ler以圣诞老人的身份送出礼物。故B项正确。【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。根据第一段中Aweeklater,sheranintoadifferentSantainamall.Hestoppedtoaskwhat

shewantedforChristmas.Kyliewassurprisedandlethimknow:“Ifyoucan’trememberwhatItoldyoulastweek,howareyougoingtorememberonChristmasEve?!”可知，当Kylie遇到另一个

圣诞老人时，她感到很惊讶，因为她认为他们是同一个圣诞老人，所以对商场内的圣诞老人忘记她一周前说的许愿清单感到奇怪，故D项正确。BLIANGTAOsold80pinkGivenchybagsin12minutes.BeckyFangsold100MiniCooper

carsinjustfive.Botharewanghong,literally“red-hotontheweb”.EverydaymillionsofChinesesearchsocialmediaforwanghongp

ostsortuneintolive-streamsforwanghong’sopinionsoneverything.ThefansarehelpingthisnewChineseInternetstartomakemoneyoutoftheirpopularity—andtoshak

eupthecountry’se-commerceindustryintheprocess.Afewofwanghonghavebeenhiredbyluxurybrands.Jaeger-LeCoultre,aSwisswatchmaker

,hiredPapiJiangforavideoadtargetingyoungurbanites(都市人),includingher27mfansonSinaWeibo,aTwitter-likemicroblog.ZhangYiofiiMediaResearch

,aconsultingfirm,estimatesthatupto15%ofsalesonshoppingsiteslikeTaobaoorsocial-mediaappssuchasWeChatareinfluencedbywanghong’spublicsupport.Thele

ngthofadressmightbedecidedbyasurveyofawanghong’sfans;itslaunchdatemightbebasedonthenumberofhits,sharesorcom

mentsitcollects,someofwhichcancauselast-minutedesignchanges.Thisposesanewchallengeforretailers(零售商),w

hosesupplychainsmustrespondevermorequicklytowanghong’sopinions.Whereaspreviouslyacompanywouldlookforacelebritytom

atchitsimage,wanghongandtheiradmirersareshapinggoods.Anotherchallengecomesdirectlyfromwanghongthemselves.Theyincreasinglymakemon

eynotmerelyfromonlinesupportoradvicebutbylaunchingtheirowne-commercestores.Salesofgoodsaccountedforjustunderhalfofwanghongearningsof53bnyu

an($8bn)in2016,estimatesAnalysys,aChinesemarket-researchfirm(therestcamemostlyfromlive-showtipsandadverts).Somewanghongare

goingastepfurther.InNovemberBeckyFanglaunchedherownclothingline.Partofhermotivation,shesays,wasthatthebrandsshesupporteddidnotalwaysmatchthetren

dsshewassharingwithherfollowers.Bycreatingherownbrand,Becky’sFantasy,shehavefullcontrolofthequality.Shealsogainsanewincome.Forthetimebei

ngonly3-5%ofwanghongfollowBeckyFang’sexample,iiMediaResearchestimates.Butitexpectsthemodeltobecomeanindustryinitsownright,includinge

ntertainmentande-commerce,anddrivenbyonlinedata.4.Whycanwanghongusetheirpopularitytomakemoney?A.BecausetheyareInternetstars.B.Becau

setheyusesocialmedia.C.Becausetheiropinionsinfluencefans.D.Becausetheycanshakethee-commerceindustry.5.Whatisthecharacteristicoftheproductssuppo

rtedbywanghong?A.Itisfans-based.B.Itissocial-media-based.C.Itisdesign-shared.D.Itisyouth-targeted.6.Whatarethechallengesforretailers?A.O

nlinesupportandadvice.B.Increasingsalesofgoodsonline.C.Quickresponsestothemarketchanges.D.Wanghong’sopinions

ande-commercestores.7.Whydosomewanghongcreatetheirownbrands?A.Becausetheywanttoattractmorefans.B.Becausetheywanttosharewitht

heirfollowers.C.Becausetheywanttosetupanewindustrymodel.D.Becausethebrandstheyspeakforcan’tsatisfytheirfans.【答案】4.

C5.A6.D7.D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。本文介绍了网红正在利用自身的人气帮助一些品牌销售，因为他们的观点影响着粉丝，并在这个过程中撼动中国的电子商务行业。4.细节理解题。根据第一段中Bothar

ewanghong,literally“red-hotontheweb”.EverydaymillionsofChinesesearchsocialmediaforwanghongpostsortuneintolive-streamsforwanghong’sopinionsoneverythi

ng.ThefansarehelpingthisnewChineseInternetstartomakemoneyoutoftheirpopularity可知，网红会利用自己的人气赚钱，那是因为他们的观点影响着粉丝。故C项正确。5.推理判断题。根据第二段中Thelengthofadres

smightbedecidedbyasurveyofawanghong’sfans;itslaunchdatemightbebasedonthenumberofhits,sharesorcommentsitcollects,some

ofwhichcancauselast-minutedesignchanges.可知，网红所支持的产品的特点是以粉丝为基础的。故A项正确。6.细节理解题。根据第三段中Thisposesanewchallengeforretailers(零售商),whosesu

pplychainsmustrespondevermorequicklytowanghong’sopinions.和第四段中Anotherchallengecomesdirectlyfromwanghongthemselves.Theyincreasinglymakemoneynotmerel

yfromonlinesupportoradvicebutbylaunchingtheirowne-commercestores.可知，网红的观点和他们开设的网上商店是对零售商的挑战。故D项正确。7.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Partofhermotivatio

n,shesays,wasthatthebrandsshesupporteddidnotalwaysmatchthetrendsshewassharingwithherfollowers.Bycreatinghero

wnbrand,Becky’sFantasy,shehavefullcontrolofthequality.可知，网红之所以创造他们自己的品牌是因为他们代言的品牌不能满足他们的粉丝。故D项正确。CASon

gofIceandFireisaseven-partseriesoffantasywrittenforadults.GeorgeR.R.Martinwriteseachchapterfromtheperspectiveofaspecificcharacter,prov

idingalimitedpointofviewforeachsection.Thereaderisabletounderstandtheinnerworkingsoftheindividual,butthereaderisbarredfromawh

oleunderstandingofthetext.Theworldhehascreatedhasmagic,butthereismuchmorethanthat.Whilemagicexists,itexi

stsontheedge,andtheinnerunrestofthecharactersismuchmoreimportant.Hisworkalsohasalevelofrealnessthatisastonishinginaworkoffantasy.Cha

ractersareimperfect,andmanymakequestionablemoralchoices.Intheend,however,Martinshowsthatbothgoodandbadhappentoboththepeopleofhig

hmoralstandardandthecorrupt.Hehasmadeitclearthatanycharactercandieatanypoint,whichhasledtoalotofheartbreakfromreaders.In2011,ASongof

IceandFirebecameatelevisionseriestitledGameofThrones.Martinhasbeencloselyinvolvedwiththeproduction.Ithascurrentlyrun

forsevenseasons,andviewersanxiouslyawaittheeighthseasontoanswertheirquestionsfromtheseasonsevenfinale.Hisfansare

alsowaitingforTheWindsofWinterandADreamofSpring,thenextbooksintheseries,toanswerthequestionsMartinandthetelevisionshowhavenotyet

addressed.Martin,however,hasnoplanstorush.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillcontinuetowritethebookswhileworkingonthetelevisionshowandwr

itingothernovels.Buthowwillthestorycontinue?WhatisgoingtohappeninWesteros,andmoreimportantly:whenarewegoingtofindout?Martinis

skillasawriterhaskeptreadersandviewersspellbound.Manyhopehewillfinishthenextbookbeforethenextseasonoftheshowbegins,butnooneknowswi

thMartin.Healwayskeepshisreadersguessing.8.OneofthecharacteristicsofASongofIceandFireis________.A.eachchapteriswritten

fromalimitedpointofviewB.magicisthecenterofthestoryC.MartinhasmadeimperfectcharactersdieatanypointD.manycharactersmake

astonishingchoices9.WhatisGeorgeR.R.Martin’sASongofIceandFireconsideredtobe?A.Oneofhismasterworksoffan

tasy.B.Anunsuccessfulscreenadaptation.C.AnartisticcreationfortheTV.D.OneofthebestTVprogrammes.10.Whatdoestheword“address”inthefourthpara

graphmean?A.writtenB.spokenC.solvedD.directed11.Howwilltheendingofthestorybe?A.Interesting.B.Confusing.C.Novel.D.Unknown

.【答案】8.A9.A10.C11.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了GeorgeR.R.Martin的作品《冰与火之歌》，它是为成人写的奇幻小说。作者Martin从一个特定的角色的角度来写每一章，为每一节提供

一个有限的观点。这部小说已经被拍成了电视连续剧，目前已拍了七季，人们正期待作者继续写作，把故事延续下去。8.细节理解题。根据第一段中GeorgeR.R.Martinwriteseachchapterfromthepersp

ectiveofaspecificcharacter,providingalimitedpointofviewforeachsection.可知，ASongofIceandFire的一个特点是每一章都是用有限的视角写的。故A项正确。9.细节

理解题。根据第二段中Hisworkalsohasalevelofrealnessthatisastonishinginaworkoffantasy.可知，GeorgeR.R.Martin的ASongofIceandFire被认为这是他的杰作之一

。故A项正确。10.推理判断题。根据第四段中HisfansarealsowaitingforTheWindsofWinterandADreamofSpring,thenextbooksintheseries,toanswerthequestionsMar

tinandthetelevisionshowhavenotyetaddressed.Martin,however,hasnoplanstorush.可知，他的书迷们也正在等着TheWindsofWinterandADreamofSpring——本系列的下一本书，这本

书是为了解答马丁和电视剧尚未解决的问题。由此可知C项正确。11.推理判断题。根据最后一段中Healwayskeepshisreadersguessing.可知，这个故事的结尾将是未知的。故D项正确。【点睛】.

.............................DTraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)isgainingglobalpopularity.Accordingtoagovernmentwhitepa

per,TCMhasbeenintroducedin183countriesandregionsaroundtheworld.Westerners’understandingofTCM,however,maybelimitedtoa

cupuncture,cuppingandmassage(针灸，拔罐和按摩).Forinstance,thepurple,injury-likemarksleftonU.S.swimmerMichaelPhelps，backfromcu

ppingforthepurposeofrelaxinghismusclesandreducingpainbecamethecenterofattentionduringtheRioOlympicsin2016.Asamatteroffact,Chineseherbspl

ayamoreimportantroleingettingridofdiseasesandkeepingthebodyingoodconditionintheTCMtreatmentsystemthanphysicaltreatment.Itisthereforedish

earteningtoknowthatwhile103WorldHealthOrganizationmembercountrieshavegivenapprovaltothepracticeofacupuncture,notmanyrecognizeChineseherbalmedicin

e.TCMfallsfarbehindWesternmedicineowingpartlytotheslowdevelopmentofChineseherbs.Herbsaremadeintopills,powderandsoup,andthekindofherbsused,theirquali

tyandquantity,andtheprocessingoftheingredients(原材料)jointlydeterminetheeffectivenessoftheprescription.ComparedwithWesternmedicine,which

hasstandardizeddrugproductionprocessesandtreatmentmethods,TCMlacksstandardization,withthechemicalcompositionandfunctionsofitsmedi

cinesbeingunclearandtheireffectsbeingunstable.Fortunately,standardizationhasimprovedinrecentdecades,withanincreasingnumberoffactoriesproducingpaten

tedTCMdrugs.AnotherfactorthathaspreventedthedevelopmentofTCMprescriptiondrugsisthelackofcreativity.WhileWesternmedicine-makingcompaniesco

meupwithnewproductseveryyear,TCMdrugproducerstendtomakemedicinesaccordingtoprescriptionshandeddownfromthepast.Chinesechem

istTuYouyou’swinningthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineforherresearchintomalaria(疟疾)treatmentmaydrivecreativitytosomeextentinChin

a’sTCMindustry.However,thecurrentstateofaffairscannotbechangedwithinashorttime.12.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofMichaelPhe

lps?A.Becausehewasinjuredinhisswimming.B.BecausecuppingisakindofimportantTCMtreatment.C.BecausewesternersknowalittleaboutTCM.D.

BecausewesternersattachgreatimportancetoTCM.13.Whydon’tsomemembercountriesofWHOrecognizeChineseherbalmedic

ine?A.BecauseChineseherbscangetridofdiseases.B.Becausetheyonlyapprovethepracticeofacupuncture.C.BecauseWe

sternmedicineismoreeffective.D.BecausemedicinemadeoutofChineseherbsdevelopsslowly.14.ComparedwithWesternmedicine,whatistheweakpo

intofTCMinParagraph4?A.Themethodsofplantingherbs.B.Theeffectivenessofprescription.C.Lackinginstandardization.D.Itsstab

lefunctions.15.ThelackofcreativityinTCMreferstothefactthat________.A.medicine-makingcompanieslackcreativityB.prescriptionsaregotfromthepastC

.WesterncompaniesaremoreexperiencedD.medicine-makingcompanieslackdrivingforce【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。目前传统中药（TCM）在全球

范围内越来越受欢迎，在治疗疾病上起着重要作用，但生产缺乏标准化、疗效不稳定和缺乏创造力等问题也严重阻碍中医药的发展。12.推理判断题。根据第二段Westerners’understandingofTCM,

however,maybelimitedtoacupuncture,cuppingandmassage(针灸，拔罐和按摩).Forinstance,thepurple,injury-likemarksleftonU.S.swimmerMichaelPhelp

s，backfromcuppingforthepurposeofrelaxinghismusclesandreducingpainbecamethecenterofattentionduringtheRioOlympicsin2016.可知，作者提到MichaelPhelps的例子是说明西方人对

TCM有一点了解，但这种了解只限于针灸，拔罐和按摩。故C项正确。13.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句TCMfallsfarbehindWesternmedicineowingpartlytotheslowdevelopmen

tofChineseherbs.可知，有些WHO的成员国不承认中国的草药是因为中药发展缓慢，远远落后于西药。故D项正确。14.细节理解题。根据第三段中TCMlacksstandardization,withthechemicalcompositionandfunctions

ofitsmedicinesbeingunclearandtheireffectsbeingunstable.可知，与西医相比，在第4段中指出中医的弱点是缺乏标准化。故C项正确。15.细节理解题。根据最后

一段第一句AnotherfactorthathaspreventedthedevelopmentofTCMprescriptiondrugsisthelackofcreativity.可知，中药缺乏创造力指的是中药是根据过去流传下来的处方做成的。故B项正

确。【湖北省鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟学校2018届高三5月联考】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFestivalsinWalesthisspringThere’slotstosee,doandexperienceinWal

esthisspring.Andnowit’stimetoembraceallthingsnewandgetreadytobeentertainedinthespring,comerainorshine.Wrexham,10-12M

ayTheannualfestivalshowcasesover200actsconsistingofmusic,comedy,filmandmore.Sinceitsopeningeventin2011,FocusWaleshasdonealotforemerging

（新兴的）musiciansacrossthecountry,and2018seesWelshMusicPrizewinnerTheGentleGoodandYSelarBestBandwinners.Candelas,takethestage.Aberystwy

th,19-29MayWhetheryoupreferHillClimbsorSportives,theAberCycleFestivalallowsyoutotakeallofitinfromthesaddle（鞍）ofabike,enjoyingt

heworld’smostbeautifulscenery.However,allworkandnoplaymakesusalldullboysandgirls,sowhileyou’reintownbesuretopopintooneortwooftheplentyo

fpubsinAber（asthelocalscallit）foranice,coldpintofBrainsbeer.You’llneeditafterallthatcycling!HayonWye,25-28MayTheworld’sbiggestmusicandphilos

ophyfestivalreturnsin2018withitsuniquemixoftunes,talksandtrapeze（吊杠）（yes,thereareevencircusperformers!）Basedinthemagicals

urroundingsofHayonWye,thisfourdayfestivaltakesplaceattheendofMayandisperfectforeveryonewholikesasideofintellectualism（理智主义）withtheirtraditi

onalfestivalexperience.Lawrenny,25-28MayInlateMayintheheartofthePembrokeshireNationalPark,theBigRetreatWalestakesplace.Essentiallythefestival

isaboutwellness,butit’salsosomuchmorethanthat.JoininthisMayforfourdaysof“fedgood”,leavingyourusualroutinebehindan

ddivingintoadelightfulmixofworkshops,activities,musicandsustainablefoodproduce.1.ThefestivalsinWalesareheldannually.A.inearlyMayB.insid

eandoutsideofWalesC.inrainyorsunnyweatherD.forlocalsonly2.WhatisspecialaboutAberystwyth,19-29May?A.Youcanfindaplacetor

elaxaftertheactivity.B.Youcanmeetyourfavoritebandwinners.C.Ithasanatmosphereofnaturalbeautyandtradit

ion.D.Itdoesn’tlastlongenough.3.Janeisanofficeworkerandfitnessenthusiastandwantstoexperiencesomethingunusual

.Whichfestivaldoyousuggestshegoto?A.Wrexham,10-12MayB.Aberystwyth,19-29MayC.HayonWye,25-28MayD.Lawrenny,

25-28May【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】本文是应用文。主要叙述了今年春天的威尔士节日时能看到的，做的和体验至的项目。1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“There’slotstosee,doandexperienceinWalesthisspring.Andnowit’stim

etoembraceallthingsnewandgetreadytobeentertainedinthespring,comerainorshine.”可知，威尔士节日不论是雨天还是晴天，都会举行。其中的shin

e为意为“好天气”与sunny是同义词，rainy是rain的形容词。分析选项可知C项最为符合。故选C项。3.推理判断题。根据Lawrenny,25-28May中的…Essentiallythefestivalisaboutwellness,butit’salsosomuchmo

rethanthat.…,leavingyourusualroutinebehind…这个节日本质上就是关于健康健身的，但它不仅仅如此。你可以丢掉你的日常惯例，加入…。由此可知，这个节日的目的就是如果你热爱健身，想体验不同寻常的东西，就可以来这儿。分析选项可知D项符合

题意。故选D项。BCustomerswhocomeintotheWaffleHouserecognizeserverEvoniWilliams,asoft-spoken18-year-oldfromTexasCity.ItallstartedwithaFacebookpost.On

themorningofMarch3,LauraWolfwaseatingbreakfastattheWaffleHouseinLaMarquewhensheoverheardanolderman,whoremindedherofherlatefather,tellWilliams

hehadtroublewithhishands.Theman,lateridentifiedasregularcustomerAdrienCharpentier,hadanoxygentanknearbyandneededhelpcuttin

guphisfood.“Withouthesitation,”Wolfwrote,Williams“tookhisplateandbegancuttinguphisham.”Impressed,WolfpostedthemomentonherFacebookpagetosharethewarmt

handkindnesswithall.Thefollowingday,Williams’sFacebooknotification（关注）begantolightup.HerfriendssawWolf’spostandtrackedheri

nit.Williamshadnoideathatsomeonetookaphotothatmorning.Thedinerwassobusythatalineextendedoutsidethedoor.ShesaidhelpingCharpentierwasr

eflexive.ShehasbeenworkingatWaffleHousesincelastJunetosaveforcollege,andthis,shefigured,wasjusttherightthingtodo.“Iwo

uldwantsomeonetohelpmygrandmotherorgrandfather,”Williamssaid.ThepostbegantomakeitsroundsinLaMarqueandeventuallylandedinfrontofthecity’sma

yor,BobbyHocking.HedecidedtodeclareMarch8asWilliams’sday,andalsoreceivedanemailfromTexasSouthernUniver

sityPresidentAustinA.Lane,askingiftheschoolcouldpresentWilliamswithascholarship.WilliamsstillworksatWaffleHousefivedaysaweekandplanstodosountils

hestartsclassesinthefallatHouston-basedTexasSouthern.WolfsaidWilliamsdoesnothaveacartogettoclasses,butsomep

eoplehaveofferedtostartaGoFundMepageforher,provingthatamomentofakindnesscanchangealife.4.WhydidWolfpostthephotoonFacebook?A.

Thephotoremindedherofherlatefather.B.Itcouldsatisfyherinnerneeds.C.Shewastouchedbythesight.D.Thecustomer

hadtroublewithhishands.5.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph3probablymean?A.Withoutasecondthought.B.Aftercareful

consideration.C.Winningareward.D.Betterservingcustomers.6.WhatcanweinferaboutEvoniWilliams?A.Sheseldom

sawCharpentiercometotheHouseforbreakfast.B.ItwasGoFundMepagethatledtohergoodluck.C.Sheisnolongerworkinginservicebusiness.D.Shehasprobablyrec

eivedascholarshipforhercollegeeducation.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthearticle?A.TohelpWilliamsreceivehighereducation.B.Tointroducearandom

actofkindness.C.Toshowthatyounggenerationcanalwayshelp.D.Toemphasizetheinfluenceofthesocialmedia.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.B【解析】Williams在饼店无意中帮助了一位老人，并被上传到脸书上，

这让大家非常感动，并认可了她的善意。最后一句讲了一个善良的时刻可以改变生活。由知可推断出文章介绍了一种随意的善意行为有了一个好的结局。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B项。4.细节理解题。根据第二段Impressed,WolfpostedthemomentonherFacebookpagetosh

arethewarmthandkindnesswithall.。被（所见的事情）感动了，于是保鲁夫在她的脸谱网页上张贴，与大家分享这一温暖和善良的时刻。其中的Impressed（受感动的），与touched（被感动的）是同义词，故选C项。。5.推理判断

题。根据第一段“Withouthesitation,”Wolfwrote,Williams“tookhisplateandbegancuttinguphisham.”可知，Williams毫不犹豫地帮忙了。第三段中的Williams…ShesaidhelpingChar

pentierwasreflexive.this,…shefigured,wasjusttherightthingtodo.“Iwouldwantsomeonetohelpmygrandmothero

rgrandfather,”Williamssaid.可知，Williams说帮助Charpentier是reflexive.，我认为这是正确的事，我但愿也会有人来帮助我的祖父母。所以reflexive就是Withouthesitation，即毫不犹豫地，不加思考地帮助那位老人。分析选项（A不假

思索；B。深思熟虑的；C.获得奖赏；;D.更好地为客户服。可知A项与Withouthesitation的意思一致的。故选A项。6.推断判断题。根据第四段最后“.HedecidedtodeclareMarch8asWilliams’sday,andalsoreceivedanemailfrom

TexasSouthernUniversityPresidentAustinA.Lane,askingiftheschoolcouldpresentWilliamswithascholarship.”城市市长Bobby询问学校是否可

以向威廉姆斯颁发奖学金。由此可推断，Williams可能会得到一份奖学金。分析选项D项（她很可能获得了大学教育的奖学金。）与题意相符，故选D项。7.主旨大意题。文章讲述了Williams在饼店无意中帮助了一位老人，这件事被上传到脸书上，这让大家非常感动，并对她的善意大加赞扬。最后一句讲了

一个善良的时刻可以改变生活。由此可推断出文章介绍了一种随意的善意行为可改变生活。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B项。CToeatonlyavegan（素食的）dietmightsounddifficult,especia

llywithmanypopulardishescontainingmeatorotheranimalproducts.Yetin2017,veganismwasdescribedas“thefastest-growinglifestylemovement”intheUK,accor

dingtoBBCnews.AstudybyaUKmarketresearchorganization,suggeststhatover542,000Britswentveganduringthepreviousdeca

de,anincreaseof360%.Andthemainforcebehindthisincreasewasthoseaged15-34yearsold—42%ofrecentvegansfallunde

rthatagerange.SowhyexactlyhasveganismbecomesopopularamongyoungBrits?Onereasoncouldbethatmanyyoungpeoplewanttoprotecttheenvironme

nt,aslessmeatconsumptionisknowntobebeneficialtotheenvironment.Globalmeatmanufacturingisbelievedtocause18%ofth

eworld’sgreenhousegasemissions（排放）,evenmorethanthatofalltheworld’scars,trainsandplanescombined.Anotherreas

onisthatmanyoftoday’syoungpeoplebelievethatit’swrongtokillanimalstobeusedasfood.JessMurray,22,astudentatUniversityCollegeLondon,saidt

hathechosetobecomeveganafterrealizingthateatinganimalsisachoicethatpeoplemake,ratherthansomethingthatweneedto

dotosurvive.“Becomingveganwasanethical(道德的)decision,”hetoldtheGuardian.Socialmediaisalsobelievedtohavegivenrisetotheincrea

seinveganism.PlatformssuchasFacebookallowyoungveganstoconnectwitheachothermucheasier,whileotherssucha

sInstagramhaveledtothecreationof“vegancelebrities(名人)”,whosharelipsonveganlifestyles.Despitetherisingofveganism,LauraWyness,anexpertindietandnu

trition,saidthatmeatisveryimportantforpeople’shealth.“Astrictvegandietmakesitdifficulttogetsomemineralsandvitaminsthatyourbodyneeds,”Wynes

stoldBBCnews.However,thepopularityofveganismdoesn’tseemtobefading.“Itfeelsmorelikethisissomethingthatissti

cking.”saidanexpertoftheVeganSociety,aUKcharitythatpromotesveganism.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutveganism,“thefastest-growinglifestylemoveme

nt”inUK?A.Ithascreatedmanypopulardishes.B.Itisbackedupmainlybyoldpeople.C.Ithasledtofurthermarketresear

ch.D.Ithasgrownsteeplyinthepast10years.9.ThefollowingmayaccountfortheincreaseinveganismEXCEPT.A.Youngpeoplepreferanenvironment-friendlylife

.B.Youngpeoplewanttobecomeethicalcelebrities.C.Mealmanufacturingcontributesalottotheworld’sgreenhousegas.D.S

ocialmediaallowtheveganmessagetospreadquicklyaround.10.Theunderlinedword“sticking”intheIasiparagraphisequaltoinmeaning

.A.importantB.specialC.lastingD.impressive11.Whichofthefollowingwillserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?A.YoungBritsGoingVega

nB.VeganismComesFirstC.HowtoStartaVeganLifestyleD.VeganismandtheEnvironment【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【解析】本文为夹叙夹议文章。

英国市场研究组织的一项研究表明，过去的十年里素食主义在英国增长迅猛。这一增长的主要力量是那些年龄在15-34岁之间的年轻人。素食主义在英国的年轻人中非常流行的原因可能是由于肉类加工排放的热量大过世界上所有的汽车，火车和飞机的总和，他们认为杀死动物用作食物是不对，年轻人想要保护

环境。另外社会媒体的参与也导致了年轻的素食者的增加。8.细节理解题。根据文章可知，素食主义主要是爱护动物，不吃动物肉的，所以A是错误的。第二段的内容可知，素食主义者主要是15-34岁的年轻人，所以B是错误

的。事件引起进一步的市场调查的原因不一定是它的增长快（thefastest-growing），故C是错误的。第二段AstudybyaUKmarketresearchorganization,suggeststhatover542,000Britswentveganduringtheprev

iousdecade,anincreaseof360%.可知“英国市场研究表明，在过去的十年里，素食主义者的人数增长了360%，增长迅猛。”符合中的题干中的“thefastest-growing”，故选D项。。9.细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，一个原

因可能是许多年轻人想要保护环境，因为少吃肉对环境有益。世界18%的温室效应是被认为由全球肉类食品制造业造成的。由此可知，A不符合题意，B符合题意。根据第五段最后一句“Becomingveganwasanethic

al(道德的)decision,”他们认为素食是道德上的决定，及第六段可知，社交媒体也被认为导致了素食主义的增加的原因之一，因而出现了一些所谓的素食名人来分享他们的生活方式，可知素食主义者的增加不是因为他们想成为道德名人，而是分享素食主义让他们成为“名人”，这不是

素质快速发展的原因，因此B符合题意。10.猜测词义题。第六段thepopularityofveganismdoesn’tseemtobefading.“Itfeelsmorelikethisissomethingthatissticking.”根据转折连词however可知，前后两句意义是相

反的。前面说“素食主义的流行似乎并没有消退”，因此可推断出后一句是反而会持续下去。故sticking意为”持续”，分析选项可知，C项（lasting）意为“持久的，持续的”符合题意，故选C项。11.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述过去的十年里素食主义在英

国增长迅猛。这一增长的主要力量是那些年龄在15-34岁之间。素食主义在英国的年轻人中非常流行的原因可能是年轻人想要保护环境，社会媒体的参与也导致了素食者的增加。分析选项可知A项（年轻的英国人去素食主义）符合题意，故选A项。DSomeh

ousesaredesignedtobesmart.Othershavesmartdesigns.AnexampleofthesecondtypeofhousewonanAwardofExcellencefromtheAmericanInsti

tuteofArchitects.LocatedontheshoreofSullivan’sIslandoffthecoastofSouthCarolina,theaward-winningcube-shapedbeachhousewasbuilttorep

laceonesmashedtopiecesbyHurricane（飓风）Hugo10yearsago.BeforeHugo,manynewhousesbuiltalongSouthCarolina’sshorelinewerepoorlyconstru

cted,andenforcementofbuildingruleswasn’tstrict,accordingtoarchitectRayHuff,whocreatedthecleverly-designedbeachhouse.SoonafterHugo,allnewshore

linehousesarerequiredtomeetstricter,better-enforcedrules.ThenewbeachhouseonSullivan’sIslandshouldbeabletowithstandaLevel3hurricanewithpeakwindsof17

9to209kilometersperhour.Atfirstsight,thehouseonSullivan’sIslandlooksanythingbuthurricane-proof.Itsredwoodshellmakesi

tresemble“alargepartylantern(灯笼)”atnight,accordingtooneobserver.Butlookscanbemisleading.Thehouse’swoodenframeisreinforcedwithlong

steelrodstogiveitextrastrength.Tofurtherprotectthehousefromhurricanedamage.Huffraisedit2.7metersoffthegroun

dontimberpilings－long,slimwoodpiecesanchoreddeepinthesand.Pilingsmightappearinsecure,buttheyarestrongenoughtosupportth

eweightofthehouse.Theyalsoraisethehouseabovestormwaves.Thepilingsallowthewavestorununderthehouseinsteadofru

nningintoit.‘Thesewavescomeashoreatterriblespeedsandcausemostofthedamagedonetobeach-frontbuildings,”saidHuff.Huffdesignedthetimberpili

ngstobepartiallyhiddenbythehouse’sground-to-roofshell.“Theshellmasksthepilingssothatthehousedoesn’tlooklikeit’sstandi

ngwithitspantlegs(裤腿)pulledup,”saidHuff.Intheeventofastorm,theshellshouldbreakapartandletthewavesrushunderthehouse,thearchitectexplain

ed.12.AftertheHurricaneHugo,newhousesbuiltalongSouthCarolina’sshorelinearerequired.A.tobeeasilyreinforcedB.tomeetstricterbuildings

tandardsC.tolooksmarterindesignD.tobedesignedintheshapeofcubes13.Whyistheaward-winningbeachhousestrongandhurri

cane-proof?A.Itisintheshapeofashell.B.Itismadeofredwood.C.Itisstrengthenedbysteelrods.D.Itisbuiltwithtimberandconcrete.14.What’sth

epurposeofHuffraisingthehouse2.7metersoffthegroundontimberpilings?A.Toanchorstrongerpilingsdeepinthesand.B.

Topreventwaterfromrushingintothehouse.C.Towithstandpeakwindsofabout200km/hr.D.Tomakethehouselookmorehurricane-proof.15.Accordingthelastparagrap

h,themainfunctionoftheshellis.A.togivethehouseabetterappearanceB.tostrengthenthepilingsofthehouseC.toprotectthewoode

nframeofthehouseD.toslowdownthespeedofthebigwaves【答案】12.B13.C14.B15.A【解析】本文为记叙文。位于南卡罗来纳州海岸的沙利文岛海滨一座玲珑的小屋以其独特的设计获得

大奖。这座房子既抗风防浪，又美观坚固，实乃经典之作。12.B细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句SoonafterHugo,allnewshorelinehousesarerequiredtomeetstricter,better

-enforcedrules.可知在飓风造成严重的人员伤亡和巨大的损失后，新建房屋应该符合严格的建筑规定。分析选项可知，B项（满足更严格的建筑标准）符合题意，故选B项。13.细节理解。根据第三和第四段的内容可知，沙文岛上的建筑获奖了。而沙利文岛上的房

子乍一看不像是抗飓风的。但外表可能会误导人。房子的木制框架用长的钢棒加固，以赋予它额外的强度。为了进一步保护房屋免受飓风破坏。在地面上树起2.7米高的木头桩，深深地扎在沙子里。它们足够坚固，足以支撑房屋的重量。飓风来临时波浪在房子下面运行，却不会冲进房子。由知

可见，沙文岛上的房子抗飓风就是由于钢棒的支撑。分析选项可知C项正确。14.【解题剖析】此题属于细节理解中的语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。【答案定位】根据第四段最

后部分中的“Thestructureallowsthewavestorununderthehouseinsteadofrunningintoit．”可判断出，之所以这么做的目的是防止大水冲入房屋中。【推理关系】题干What’sthepurposeofHuffraisingthehouse2.

7metersoffthegroundontimberpilings?☞文章内容allowsthewavestorununderthehouseinsteadofrunningintoit．【答案】insteadofrunningintoit☞C选项Topreventwate

rfromrushingintothehouse.【点睛】细节理解题之语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。通常这类细节题的正确选项有以下特征：1.对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换

成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。2.词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。3.语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。4.正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找

错误选项的题目）。本题属于把原文的中关键词进行了替换。把allowsthewavestorununderthehouseinsteadofrunningintoit替换成Topreventwaterfr

omrushingintothehouse，成为正确的选项。15.细节理解。第四段内容可知房屋是建在木桩上的。最后一段内容为：Huff设计的木桩被房子从地面到屋顶的贝壳所隐藏，贝壳遮盖了木桩，这样房子看起来就比原来

房屋的外观好看多了，分析选项可知A项正确。【河南省郑州市2018届高三下学期第三次模拟】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ACometotheAGSociet

y’sexpedition(探险)programandyouwillsurelygetuniqueexperiences!SWIMWITHTHEHUMPBACKSOFTONGADairenJewandhisteamareyourhostsforanunforgettabl

eAGSocietyadventure,filledwithin-watermeetingswithhumpbackwhales(座头鲸)intheKingdomofTonga’sgroupofislands.WHO:DarrenJew’sWhalesUnderwaterDATES:26Sep

tember-4October2018COST:$5,450perpersonBOOKINGS:Call0756679413,emailreservations@whalesunderwater.comorvisit11-DAYKIMBERLEYCOAST

CRUISETheAGSocietyispartneringwithAPTtopresentanexcitingvoyagealongtheKimberleycoastlinefromBroometoDarwin.Expeditionc

ruisingofferstheeasiestwaytoexploretheKimberley.Guestsonthis11-dayvoyagewillgoashore,explorenaturalwonders,meettraditionalowner

s,seerockartandspotwildlife.WHO:APTDATES:6-16September2018whalesunderwater.comCOST:$13,395perpersonBOOKINGS:Visitkimberleywilder

ness.com.auLIGHTNINGRIDGEFOSSILDIGTheAGSocietyoffersyouachancetohuntforfossils(化石).Guidedbyexperts,you’llgotospeciallocations,seekingnewfossi

lsforthecollectionsoftheAustralianOpalCentre.Yourdiscoverieswillfurtherestablishthesemuseumcollectionsasaworld-classscientificandculturalresour

ce.Therearealsoaseriesoflecturesonmininghistory,fossils,dinosaurhuntingandnewdinosaurs.WHO:AustralianOpalCentreDATES:20-25August2018COST:$2,200perpe

rson,includingallactivitiesandlunchesanddinnersBOOKINGS:Call0427904587,emaildig@australianopalcentre.comorvisitau

stralianopalcentre.comAGDKVILARKFXPEDITIONComeandjoinTimFaulknerforauniquehands-onexperiencewiththisTasmaniandevil(袋獾)feedingprograminthebeaut

ifulBarringtonTopsofNSW.You’llgettoseedevilsupcloseasyouassistwithfeedingindividuals.Inadditiontoworkingwiththeanimals,there’llbeopportunitiestoex

plorethearea’snaturaltreasuresandspotlocalwildlife.Don’tmissyourchancetogetinvolvedinthisimportantcon

servationeffort.WHO:DevilArkDATES:24-26November2018COST:$1,750perpersonBOOKINGS:Call0243408610,emaili

nfo@devilark.org.auorvisitdevilark.org.au1.IfyoujoininLIGHTNINGRIDGEFOSSILDIG,youcan________.A.gotosee

knewfossilsindividuallyB.learnsomethingaboutmininghistoryC.collecttheworld-classscientificfossilsD.becomeanexpertandgotospeciallocations2.

WhatcanyoudoifyoutakepartinAGDEVILARKEXPEDITION?A.Helpprotectwildlife.B.Learnaboutdinosaurs.C.Watchhumpbackwhales.D.Enjoyanexcitingvoyage.3.Wh

ichprogramwillyouchooseifyouwanttoenjoyrockart?A.AGDEVILARKEXPEDITION.B.LIGHTNINGRIDGEFOSSILDIG.C.11-DAYKIM

BERLEYCOASTCRUISE.D.SWIMWITHTHEHUMPBACKSOFTONGA.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了AG协会的四个远征计划的具体信息。1.细节理解题。根据Ifyou

joininLIGHTNINGRIDGEFOSSILDIG中的“Therearealsoaseriesoflecturesonmininghistory,fossils,dinosaurhunting

andnewdinosaurs.”可知，有一系列关于采矿史、化石、恐龙狩猎和新恐龙的讲座。分析选项可知B正确。2.细节理解题。根据第四个小框AGDEVILARKEXPEDITION中的there’llbeopportunitiestoexplorethearea’snaturaltreasu

resandspotlocalwildlife.Don’tmissyourchancetogetinvolvedinthisimportantconservationeffort.可知，有机会探索该地区的自然宝

藏和当地野生动物，还会有参与这项重要的保护野生动植物的机会。故A项正确。B项内容是在LIGHTNINGRIDGEFOSSILDIG中的内容。C项在SWIMWITHTHEHUMPBACKSOFTONGA。

D项在11-DAYKIMBERLEYCOASTCRUISE。由此可知B/C/D三顶不属于AGDEVILARKEXPEDITION。故选A项。3.细节理解题。根据本部分中的“Guestsonthis11-dayvoyage

willgoashore,explorenaturalwonders,meettraditionalowners,seerockartandspotwildlife.”可知，如果你想欣赏摇滚艺术的话，就选11-DAYKIMBERLEYCOASTCRUISE。故选C项。【点睛】细节理解题。文章细节的

理解可以细化为一一对应型、语言转述型、语意理解型、是非辨别型和事实排序型。如第1题和第3小题属于第一种：一一对应型。这种题答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，

而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。第2小题是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，

只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。这种类型题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把

A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。根据第四个小框AGDEVILARKEXPEDITION中的there’llbeopportunitiestoexplorethearea’snaturaltreasuresandspotl

ocalwildlife.Don’tmissyourchancetogetinvolvedinthisimportantconservationeffort.可知，有机会探索该地区的自然宝藏和当地野生动物。还会参与这项重要保护野生动植物的机会。故A项

正确。B项内容是在LIGHTNINGRIDGEFOSSILDIG中的内容。C项在SWIMWITHTHEHUMPBACKSOFTONGA。D项在11-DAYKIMBERLEYCOASTCRUISE。由此可知B/C/D三顶不属于AGDEVILARKEXPEDITIO

N。故选A项。BUSstudentVanessaTahaystandsoutfromtheotherteenagersinherschool.Herskinisdark,heraccentisthick,andifyouask

her,shewilltellyouthesearethethingssheisproudestof.Tahayisapoet,andat18shewasconsideredamongthebestinLos

Angeles.Whensheisonthestage,audiencesoftengosilent.Theyalsolaugh,shoutandcry.Butthisdoesn’tcomeeasilyforsomeonewhocome

sfromavillagethatsitsatthebaseofahugemountainrangeinCentralAmerica.Whenshefirstappearedatschool,shewasteasedbyothersforbeingshorta

nddifferent.Sheneverspoke,sotheycalledher“mouse”.“HowdoIdefendmyself?”Tahaythought.“Idon’tknowhow.”“Keepgoin

g,”hermotherwouldtellher.“Atsomepoint,you’lllearn.”ShespenthoursafterschoolandonweekendswatchingthesameDVDs

:EnglishwithoutBarriers.Tahay’selderbrother,Elmer,persuadedhertogototheafter-schoolpoetryclub.Inthelastsixyears,herEnglishteache

rLaurieKurnickhasturnedClevelandCharterHighSchool’spoetryprogramintooneofthemostrespectedinthecity.Herteamdraws

fromthelikesofD.H.Laurence,PatMoraandKendrickLamartocreatepoemsabouttheirownlives.Thepoemsfocusonmanythings—somefunny,somepainful.Thefir

sttimeTahayreadthegroup’spoems,chillswentupherspine(脊柱).“IwishIcouldwritelikethat,”shethought.“Iwanttosaysomething.”Shewroteherf

irstpoemaboutherfirstyearinAmerica.ShecalleditInvisible.Thedayherturncametoreciteinfrontoftheteam,shebrokedowncry

ing.Shecriedfor15minutes.“Ihadsomuchheldin,”Tahaysaid.“Icouldn’tevenfinishit.”Butshekeptatitdespiteherless-than-perfectgrammar,spel

linganddiction(措辞).Still,shewouldn’ttellherfriendsaboutherpoetrybecausesheworriedtheywouldmakefunofher.Butwithtime,herpoemschanged

her.“Theygavemepride,”Tahaysaid.“TheytoldmethatI’mworthsomething.”“Shehadthisinnocence,”Kurnicksaid.“Thiswillingne

sstobegenuineandshowyouthingsyoudon’teversee.”4.WhatdidTahay’smothersuggestshedowhenshewasteasedbyothers?A.Fightwiththembravely.B.Reportthemtohe

rteachers.C.Ignorethemandkeepgoing.D.Tryhardtomakefriendswiththem.5.WhatarethethemesofTahayandherteam’spoems?A.Theiradmirationforth

egreatpoets.B.Theirappreciationofnaturalbeauty.C.Theirexpectationsofabetterfuture.D.Funnyandpainfulstoriesabouttheirlives.6.HowdidTahay

probablyfeelwhenshefirstreadthegroup’spoems?A.Shewascold.B.Shewasexcited.C.Shewasnervous.D.Shewasfrightened.

7.HowdidTahaybenefitfromwritingpoems?A.Shefeltmoreconfidentaboutherself.B.Shewonmanynationalpoetrycompetitions.C.Shebec

amethefirststudentpoetinthecity.D.Sheimprovedhergrammarandspellinggreatly.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】本文为记叙文。美国学生VanessaTahay在学校因其皮肤很黑，

口音很浓而格外显眼。18岁时她成为洛杉矶一个最好的诗人之一。她的诗主要是关于生活中的乐趣和痛苦。写诗让她受益匪浅，让她更自信。4.细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句和第三段的内容，当她在学校被人戏弄时，她妈妈说“Keepgoing,”hermotherwouldtellher.“Atso

mepoint,you’lllearn.”可知，C项是她妈妈的建议。5.推理判断题。根据第六段的内容HerteamdrawsfromthelikesofD.H.Laurence,PatMoraandKendrickLamartocreatepoemsaboutthei

rownlives.Thepoemsfocusonmanythings—somefunny,somepainful.（她的团队借鉴了D.H.Laurence、PatMora和KendrickLamar等人创作自己生活的诗篇。诗描写了许多东西如一些乐趣和痛苦。）可知，

这些都是描写他们生活中的乐趣和痛苦的。分析选项可知D项正确。6.推理判断题。根据第七段内容ThefirsttimeTahayreadthegroup’spoems,chillswentupherspine

(脊柱).“IwishIcouldwritelikethat,”可知，当她第一次讲到这些诗时，她觉得她的脊梁发冷。“我希望我也能那样写，”。根据第二句说她也想写出这样的诗，可知她是羡慕的。分析四个选项（A.Shewascold.她很冷；B.Shewasexcited.她很激动；

C.Shewasnervous.很紧张；D.Shewasfrightened.她很恐惧。），只有B项表达她羡慕的激动心情。故选B项。7.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容Butwithtime,herpoem

schangedher.“Theygavemepride,”Tahaysaid.可知，写诗给了她自信和自豪感。分析选项可知A项符合题意。C“YearsagowhenIwasattheGrandCanyon,I

rememberedsomeonecominguptothecanyon’sedge,takingashotwithacameraandthenwalkingaway,like‘gotit–done’,barelyeveng

lancingatthemagnificentsceneinfrontofhim,”LindaHenkel,ascientistatFairfieldUniversity,UStoldLiveScience.Henkelwas

surprisedbyhowobsessed(痴迷的)peoplearewithtakingpicturesthesedays-beforedinner,duringfriends’birthdaypar

ties,onmuseumtoursandsoon.Theykeeptakingpicturesbecausetheythinkthatithelpsrecordthemoment,butasHenkel’slateststudyhas

justfoundout,thisobsessionmaypreventtheirbrainsrememberingwhatactuallyhappened,reportedTheGuardian.Inherstudy,Henkelle

dagroupofcollegestudentsaroundamuseumandaskedthemtosimplyobserve15objectsandphotograph15others.Thenextdaythestudents’memoryofthetourwasteste

d,andtheresultsshowedthattheywerelessaccurateinrecognizingtheobjectsandtheyrememberedfewerdetailsaboutthemiftheyphotographedthem.‘‘Whenpeoplere

lyontechnologytorememberthem—countingonthecameratorecordtheeventandthusnotneedingtoattendtoitfullythemselves,itcanhaveanegativeimpactonhowwel

ltheyremembertheirexperiences,”Henkelexplained.Butthereisalsoanexception:ifstudentszoomedintophotographpartofanobject,theirmemorya

ctuallyimproved,andthosewhofocusedthelens(镜头)onaspecificareacouldevenrecallpartsthatweren’tinthefram

e.Sobasically,thisstudyissayingthatconstantlytakingpicturescanharmyourmemory.Butshouldn’treviewingpic

tureswehavetakenhelpwakeupourmemories?Thisistrue,butonlyifwespendenoughtimedoingit.“Inordertoremember,wehavetoacc

essandinteractwiththephotos,ratherthanjustcollectthem,”HenkeltoldTheTelegraph.However,previousresearchhasshown

thatmostpeoplenevertakethetimetolookovertheirdigitalpicturessimplybecausetherearetoomanyofthemandtheyaren’tusual

lyveryorganizedontheircomputers.8.WhydidtheauthormentionHenkel’striptotheGrandCanyonatthebeginning?A.Tocomplainaboutsometo

urists’badhabits.B.Togivesuggestionsonhowtoenjoyone’stour.C.Topointoutpeople’sobsessionwithtakingpictures

.D.TodescribethebeautifulviewoftheGrandCanyon.9.WhatcanwelearnfromHenkel’sstudy?A.Reviewingpicturesalwayshelpspeoplebringbackmemorieseasily.B.Tak

ingpicturesinamuseumtourhelpsstudentsrecognizeobjectsbetter.C.Peopleshouldspendmoretimetakingpicturesthanstudyingrealobjects.D.Pictur

esfocusingonthedetailsofobjectsprobablyimprovepeople’smemories.10.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph5probablyrefersto“________”.A.thecameraB

.technologyC.theeventD.anobject11.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A.People’sobsessionwithtakingpicturesanditsinfluence.B.Possiblewaysofusingpictures

toimproveone’smemory.C.Greatharmtomemorycausedbytakingpicturesconstantly.D.Abelievablestudyintothenegati

veimpactofliningcamerasoften.【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.A【解析】本文为议论文。人们都喜欢拍照，拍照有助于记录某一时刻，但拍照对我们的记忆有影响。如果我们只是简单的记录，而不去关注和欣赏的话，则会有负面的影响，如果我们以后还会欣赏

这些照片则会有助于唤醒我们的记忆。如果只拍照不欣赏还不如不拍照只是欣赏的好。8.细节理解题。根据第二段中的句子“Henkelwassurprisedbyhowobsessed(着迷的)peoplearewithtakingpicturesthesedays–be

foredinner,duringfriendsbirthdayparties,onmuseumtoursandsoon.”可知，在文中提到Henkel对人们执迷于拍照的惊讶，以此来说明一种现象：人们执迷于拍照的现象。故答案为C。9.细节判断题。根据第四

段中的“Butthereisalsoanexception:ifstudentszoomed(缩放)intophotographpartofanobject,theirmemoryactuallyimproved”可知，在拍照时，如果

只关注某个细节，可能有助于他们记忆的提高。故选D项。10.猜测词义题。根据第五段第一句“Whenpeoplerelyontechnologytorememberthem一countingonthecameratorecordtheeventandthusnotneedingtoat

tendtoitfullythemselves”前面说人们要依靠技术来记住它们时，要依靠照相机来记录事件，那么就完全不需要关注这个事件了。分析前后的关系可知，本句是说如果你要用相机来记录事件，就不需要来关注这个它（事件）。A.thecamera相机；B.techn

ology技术；C.theevent事件；D.anobject物体。故选C项。....................................DSinceEnglishbiologistCharlesDarwinpublishedOnthe

OriginofSpeciesin1859,scientistshavevastlyimprovedtheirknowledgeofnaturalhistory.However,alotofinformationi

sstillofthespeculation,andscientistscanstillonlymakeeducatedguessesatcertainthings.Onesubjectthattheyguessaboutiswhysome400

millionyearsago,animalsintheseadevelopedlimbs(肢)thatallowedthemtomoveontoandliveonland.Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleon

tologist(古生物学家)AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.Homerthoughtthattidal(潮汐的)poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.

Seaanimalswouldhavebeenforcedintothesepoolsbystrongtides.Then,theywouldhavebeenmadeeithertoadapttotheirnewenvir

onmentclosetolandordie.Thefittestamongthemgrewtoaccomplishthetransition(过渡)fromseatoland.Romercalledtheseearliestfour-footedanimals“tetrapods”.Scie

ncehasalwaysthoughtthatthiswasacredibletheory,butonlyrecentlyhastherebeenstrongenoughevidencetosupportit.HannahByrneisanoceano

grapher(海洋学家)atUppsalaUniversityinSweden.Sheannouncedatthe2018OceanSciencesMeetinginOregon,US,thatbyusingcomputersoftware,herteamhadmanag

edtolinkHomer’stheorytoplaceswherefossildeposits(沉积物)oftheearliesttetrapodswerefound.AccordingtothemagazineScience,in2014,StevenBalbus,ascie

ntistattheUniversityofOxfordintheUK,calculatedthat400millionyearsago,whenthemovefromlandtoseawasachieved,tideswer

estrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothemoonthanitisnow.Thecreaturesst

randedinthepoolswouldhavebeenunderthepressureof“survivalofthefittest”,explainedMattiasGreen,anoceanscientistattheUK’sUniversityofB

angor.AshetoldScience,“Afterafewdaysinthesepools,youbecomefoodoryourunoutoffood...thefishthathadlargelimbshadan

advantagebecausetheycouldflip(翻转)themselvesbackinthewater.”Asisoftenthecase,however,thereareotherswhofindthetheorylessconvincing.Camb

ridgeUniversity’spaleontologistJenniferClark,speakingtoNaturemagazine,seemedunconvinced.“It’sonlyoneofmanyideasfortheoriginofland-basedtetrapods,any

orallofwhichmayhavebeenapartoftheanswer,”shesaid.12.Whofirstproposedthetheorythatfishmighthavegainedlimbsbecauseoftidalpools?A.Alfred

Romer.B.CharlesDarwin.C.HannahByrne.D.StevenBalbus.13.Whyweretidesstronger400millionyearsagothantheyaretodayaccordingtoStevenBalbu

s?A.Therewerelargeroceans.B.Earthwasclosertothemoon.C.Themoongaveoffmoreenergy.D.Earthwasundergreaterpressure.14.Theunderlinedwor

d“stranded”inParagraph8probablymeans“________”.A.foundB.settledC.abandonedD.trapped15.Whatisthefocusofth

earticle?A.Theargumentsoverascientifictheory.B.Theproposalofanewscientifictheory.C.Somenewevidencetosu

pportaprevioustheory.D.Anewdiscoverythatquestionsaprevioustheory.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C【解析】本文为一篇科学报道。文章用一

些新的证据来支持先前人们的猜测理论：即海洋中的动物是因为潮汐的作用导致鱼类发展出四肢，迁徙到陆地的。12.细节理解题。根据第三Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist(古生物学家)Alf

redRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.和四段第一句“Homerthoughtthattidal(潮汐的)poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.”可知，是AlfredRomer最先提出了

鱼类可能因为潮汐而发展出四肢的理论。故选A项。13.细节理解题。根据第七段最后“…tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothemoonthanitis

now.（过去的潮汐比现在强。这是因为地球这颗行星以前比现在离月球近了10%。）可知，B项正确。15.主旨大意题。根据文章全文可知，英国生物学家达尔文的《物种起源》极大地提高了科学家对自然的认识。但仍有不少没有根据的猜测。其中的一个猜测就是为什么在4亿年前，海洋中的动物有了四肢，从而让他们迁徙到

陆地上生活。一个世纪以前，美国古生物学家AlfredRomer提出的一个想法，即潮汐可能导致鱼类发展出四肢，这再次成为一个热门话题。针对此许多科学家进行的实验提供了许多新的证据来证实它。C项（一些新的证据来支持先前的理论。）是文章的关注点

，故选C。【河北省石家庄市第二中学2018届高三仿真模拟（一）】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AIt’sawhiteChristmasintheUnitedStatestoday,withsn

owfallingfromSeattletoMaine.•NortheastBitingwindswithsnowswepttheNortheast.Earlier,upto15inchesofsnowfellduringasnowstorminMaine,w

hileuptoonefootfellinNewHampshire.Windsreached76mphonCapeCod,Massachusetts,whileupto61mphwindstorethroughLongIsland,NewYork.

FallingsnowcollectedontherunwaysatBoston’sLoganInternationalAirport,causingtemporaryflightdelays.ThewindwassosevereinPennsylvaniaan

dNewJerseythattheannual(重演)ofGeorgeWashingtonandhissoldiers’crossingtheDelawareRiverwascanceled,theWashingtonCross

ingHistoricParktoldABCNews.•MidwestHeavylakeeffectsnowfellinwesternMichigan.TheNationalWeatherServicehasissuedawind-chillwar

ningandadvisory(公告)fromMontanatoMichigan.BittercoldairintheMidwestproducedwindchillsMondaymorningaslowasminus48degreesinNorthD

akotaandminus47innorthernMinnesota.Asthisbittercoldmadeitswayeastovernight,itwasexpectedtomoveoverrelativelymildGreatL

akes,producingintenselake-effectsnowbandscapabieofproducing2to4inchesofsnowinanhour.•WestCoastThatstormsystemmoved

overnightthroughtheRockies,bringingmoresnowandthethreatofavalanches(雪崩).TheNationalWeatherServicehasissue

danavalanchewarningfortheWasatchRangeMountainsoutsideSaltLakeCity.1.WhywastheannualreenactmentofGeorgeWa

shingtonandhissoldiers’crossingtheDelawareRivercanceled?A.Becausetheriverwasfrozen.B.Becausethewindwastoostrong.C.Becausethesnowwas

toothick.D.Becausethetemperaturewastoolow.2.Whichofthefollowingisthebadweatherthathassetinaccordingtothepassage?A.Theavalanches.

B.AwhiteChristmas.C.Amessofpeople’slife.D.Heavysnow,bitingwindandchills.3.Whatisthestyleofthepassage

?A.Weatherreport.B.Newsabouttheeffectofbadweather.C.Newsaboutbadweather.D.Abad-weatherwarningandadvisory.【答案】1.B2.D3.C2.细

节理解题。根据文章可知，坏天气已经造成了Heavysnow,bitingwindandchills（大雪，刺骨的寒风和寒冷），故选D。3.推理判断题。文章主要报道了美国圣诞节这一天坏的天气情况，并非重点讲坏天气的影响。故选C。BThroughoutthepastfewy

ears,I’havetriedtogivemyselftoothers.IhavebouncedaroundtofindwhereItrulyfitin.IfoundmyplacewhileIstayedinGuatemala,anorpha

nage(孤儿院),withthechildrenlivingthere.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives,Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythin

gthatwasn’tessential:makeupandanyothersortofluxury(奢侈品).Ilivedliketheydid.Itwasthemostrelaxingfeelingintheworld.WhenatNuestr

osPequenosHermanos,weweregiventhetaskofcreatingapigpen.Atfirst,Ithoughtitshouldbeeasy.Afterarrivingattheareawherethepigpenshouldbe,wesawahill.

Weweretoldtouproottheweedsaswellasleveltheentirearea.Lookingatit,wefelt‘itwouldbeimpossible.Onmyownfaithjourney,Ihavefeltthistypeofdoubtbefore.The“h

ole”,aswereferredto,isasymbolofmyfaithjourney.ItappearedtobeanobstacleIcouldnotovercome,butintheendIc

ompletedi!withefforts.Ifeelthispigpenwasn’teasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.I’vealwaysstruggledtobeonajourneyoffaith,butI’venevercompl

etelysteppedfootontothepathuntilGuatemala.I’vealwaystriedtoopenmyhearttoeveryonearoundmeandgivethemmylove.IfeelasthoughIcutopenmyheartandshareeveryb

itoflove‘Ihadwiththeseorphans.ThereisoneorphannamedCetowhowillalwaysremainveryclosetomyheart.InGuatemala,Is

ponsorwiththirtydollarsamonth,butitdoesn’tseemenough.I’llreturntherenextsummerandgivemoreofmyloveforawholemonth.Whenitwastimetoleave,Ilookedo

utofthewindowandsawnotjustordinarychildren.Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotloo

kingback.4.Whatresultedintheauthor’sdecisiontoliveanewlife?A.Desiretohelpothers.B.Decreaseinhisincome.C.Aknowledgeoftheorphans’life.

D.Awarenessofthedifficultyinhislife.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A.Removingthedoubt.B.Uprootingtheweed.C.Startingthefa

ithjourney.D.Creatingthepigpen.6.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofhisexperienceinGuatemala?A.Itwasregretful.B.Itwasmea

ningful.C.Itwasinteresting.D.itwasfrightening.7.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.AStepintoaNewWorldB.AnAwfulFaithJourneyC.AGreatSuccess

inLifeD.AReturnofConfidence【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间，作者改变了自己的生活，从而改变了他的人生。4.细节理解题。根据文章第一

段IfoundmyplacewhileIstayedinGuatemala,anorphanage(孤儿院)，withthechildrenlivingthere.Throughhearingmanystoriesoft

heirlives,Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasn’tessential可知，作

者了解到孤儿的生活之后，决定改变自己的生活。故选C。5.词义猜测题。根据其后句Ifeelthispigpenwasn’teasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.可以猜测出，it代指Creatin

gthepigpen.建造猪圈这件事。故选D。6.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlo

okingback.可以推断出，作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。故选B。7.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingt

owardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.可以推断出在危地马拉期间，作者改变了自己的生活，从而改变了人生。故用AStepintoaNewWorld作为本文的标题。故选A。【名师点睛】这是一篇人物故事类阅读。阅读文章时，一定

要明白作者在危地马拉是如何改变人生的。做细节理解题时，一定要找到文章的原句。如第一小题，重点抓住第一段IfoundmyplacewhileIstayedinGuatemala以及后面的句子就可以找出答案。做推理判断题时，切

不可凭自己的主观想象来代替文章事实，而是要通过文章的事实，再进行合符逻辑的推理，最终判断出正确的答案。CCouldthedevice,smartphoneorPC,whichyoureusingaffectthemor

aldecisionsyoumakewhenusingit?Totestit,researcherspresentedmultipledilemmastoasamplesetof1,010people.Theparticip

antswereassignedadeviceatrandom.Onecaseofthequestionsparticipantswereaskedistheclassic“trolley(有轨电车)problem”:Arunawaytrolleyi

sheadedtowardsfivepeopletiedupona-setoftraintracks.Youcandonothing,resultinginthedeathsoffivepeople,orpushamanoffabridge,whichwil

lstopthetrolley.Thepracticalresponseistokillonemantosavefivelives,which33.5percentofsmartphoneuserschose,comparedto22.3percentofPCusers.“

Whatweroundinourstudyisthatwhenpeopleusedasmartphonetoviewclassicmoralproblems,theyweremorelikelytomakemoreunemotional,reasonab

ledecisionswhenpresentedwithahighlyemotionaldilemma,“DrAlbertBarque-Duran,theleadauthorofthestudy,toldCity,UniversityofLondon.“Thiscouldbedue

totheincreasedtimepressureoftenpresentwithsmartphonesandalsotheincreasedpsychologicaldistancewhichcanoccurwhenweusesuchdevicescomparedtoPCs.”Asfo

rwhytheresearchersstartedthisstudy,DrBarque-Durannoted,“Duetothefactthatoursociallives,workandevenshoppingtakeplaceonline,itisimp

ortanttothinkabouthowthecontextswherewetypicallyfacemoraldecisionsandareaskedtoengageinmoralbehaviorhavechanged,and

theimpactthiscouldhaveonthehundredsofmillionsofpeoplewhousesuchdevicesdaily.“it’sclearthatweneedmoreresearchonhowourdevicesaffectourmoraldeci

sionmakingbecausewe’reusingscreensataneverincreasingrate.8.Whydidtheauthormentionthetrolleyproblem?A.Toin

troduceadifficultproblemtoreaders.B.Tointroducetheaimofcarryingoutthestudy.C.Toshowanexampleofthequestionsinth

estudyD.Toshowthedifficultyindealingwithdilemmas.9.Howdothesmartphoneusersofthestudybehaveindealingwithemotionaldilemmas?A

.Calmly.B.Cruelly.C.Hesitantly.D.Enthusiastically.10.DrAlbertbelievesthatcomparedwithPCs,smartphones.A.helppeoplebearmorepress

ureB.helppeoplemakedecisionsquickC.makepeoplefeelmorementallydistantD.makepeoplestayhappiertosolveproblems11.Whatcanweinferfromthe

text?A.Shoppingonlinehasagreateffectonmakingmoraldecisions.B.ThepeopleusingsmartphonesaremorethanthoseusingPCs.C.Peoplewhooftenuse

smartphonesorPCsalwaysmeetwithdilemmas,D.Itiscommonforpeopletobeinvolvedinmakingmoraldecisionsindailylif

e.【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.D【解析】本文是一篇科普类文章。你所使用的手机或电脑设备能否影响你的道德决策？为此，研究者对1,010位参与者做了研究。8.推理判断题。根据文章第二段Onecaseofthequestionsparticipants

wereaskedistheclassic“trolley(有轨电车)problem”可以推断出，作者提及到电车问题，只是展示了研究中问题中的一个例子。故选C。11.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段It’sclearthatweneedmoreresearchon

howourdevicesaffectourmoraldecisionmakingbecausewe’reusingscreensatanever-increasingrate可知，在日常生活中，人们

参与道德决策是很普遍的。DAstheweathercostsyoualossontrainsandflights,welookatyourrights.•CancelledtrainsOnasingl

eticket,apassengerwillusuallyreceive25%ofthefareifthetrainisdelayedby15minutes.Ifthedelayreaches30minutes,thecompensation(补偿/补偿金)rises

to50%,andifit’soveranhouryoushouldbeabletoreclaimthewholecost.Cleararrangementsvaryaccordingtotrainoperator(运营商

).Ifyouwereduetotravel,tosayAberdeenfromLondon,yourtrainiscancelledandyoudecidenottotravel,youcangetafullcompensation.Ifyouhadanon-ca

ncelableticketwithoneoperator,andfailedtomakethattrainbecausetheconnectingtrainwasdelayed,youcantakethenextavailabletrain.•FlightsIfyour

flightiscancelledbecauseofthesnowyouhavetherighttoafullcompensationoftheticket,ortobereroutedhomeonalaterflight.Butyouwill

havenorighttogetadelayorcancellationcompensationunderEUrules,becausethesnowisanextraordinarycircumstancebeyondtheairline’scontrol.Ifyoudon’ttakethe

compensationandchoosetobererouted,andItmeansyouarestuckattheairportovernight,it’stheairline’sdutytopayforareasonablypricedhotelroomandmeals.Theairli

nehastorerouteyouattheearliestopportunity,oratthepassenger’sfreetime,youaresupposedtotaketheavailabilityofseats.Ifyouchoosetobereroutedor

ifyourdepartureisdelayedbymorethantwohours,airlinesalsohavetoprovideassistancesuchasfood.Theairlineskeep

thisquietandgettingthemoneyoutofthelow-costoperatorscanbeahardjob.Keepevidenceofcancellations,allreceipts,anduseyourmobilet

ovideoanyoffertopaybyairlinestaff.12.Whatdoesthecompensationyoucangetrelyonwhenyourtrainsaredelayedbybadweather?A.Thepriceoftheticket.B.Thelengt

hofdelaytimeandtheoperator.C.Thelengthofdelaytime.D.Theclassoftheserviceandthepriceoftheticket.13.Howmanychoicesdoyouhaveifyo

uaretotravelAberdeenfromLondon,andyourtrainiscancelled?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.14.Whatisthecompensa

tionifyouchoosetobereroutedandifyouarestuckattheairportovernightintheEUcountries?A.Theavailabilityofseats.B.Anyseatyou’dliketochoose.C.

Hotelroomsandmealsofanyprice.D.Acceptablypricedhotelroomsandmeals.15.Howcanyousavethetroubleingettingmoneyo

utofthelow-costoperators?A.Bykeepingtheevidenceandvideoinganyoffertopay.B.Attheearliestopportunity,orthepasseng

er’sfreetime.C.Bypreventingtheairlinesfromkeepingtheirdutyquiet.D.Byarguingreasonablywiththestaffoftheairlinesofferingyoutheflight.【答案】12.C13.B

14.D15.A13.推理判断题。根据文章Ifyouwereduetotravel,tosayAberdeenfromLondon,yourtrainiscancelledandyoudecidenottotravel,youcangetafullcompensa

tion.Ifyouhadanon-cancelableticketwithoneoperator,andfailedtomakethattrainbecausetheconnectingtrainwasdelayed,youc

antakethenextavailabletrain.可知，如果从伦敦到阿伯丁火车取消了，可以有两种选择nottotravel（取消旅行）或takethenextavailabletrain.（乘下一班可乘的火车）。故选B。14.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段I

fyoudon’ttakethecompensationandchoosetobererouted,anditmeansyouarestuckattheairportovernight,it’stheairline

’sdutytopayforareasonablypricedhotelroomandmeals.可知，在欧盟区，若乘客选择改变行程而导致滞留，航空公司有义务为乘客支付可接受价格的食宿。故选D。15.细节理解题。根据第二副标题“Flights”第四段中

的“gettingthemoneyoutofthelow-costoperatorscanbeahardjob.Keepevidenceofcancellations,allreceipts,anduseyourmobiletovideoanyoffertopaybyairline

staff.”可知，通过保留证据和航空公司人员赔付报价视频资料，乘客可省去麻烦进而顺利得到廉价运营商的赔付。故选A。【名师点睛】