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1备课资料1.Whatdoyouthinkhappenstotrafficinthissituation?你认为在这种情形下会对交通产生怎样影响?situation(1)n.positionofatown
,building,etc.inrelationtoitssurroundings位置Thehouseisinagoodsituationatthetopofthehill.这座房子在山上的一个好位置上。(2)n.setofcircumstancesorstateofaffairs,espatac
ertaintime形势;局面;情况Hewasinahopelesssituation.他处在无望的境界中。(3)n.职位Hehadfoundasituation.他找到了一份好工作。注意:situation后面往往跟where引导的定语从句表示处于某
种局面或形势下。where引导的定语从句除修饰地点外,也可修饰situation,case,point等。练习Icanthinkofmanycases_____________studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishw
ordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where答案:D此处的case跟situation一样,用where引导定语从句表示“情景”。2.Whatdoyouthinkexp
ertsadvisepeopletodointhissituation?你认为专家建议人们在这种情形下应该干什么?advisevt.giveadvicetosb.;recommend意为“劝告;向……提供意见;建议”,作及物
动词。主要用于下列结构中:(1)advise+名词/代词/动名词(2)advise+宾语+动词不定式/介词短语(3)advise+宾语从句\[虚拟语气:(should)+动词原形\](4)advise+宾语+疑问词+动词不定式Thedoctoradvisesacompletere
st.医生建议要完全休息。Iadvisereadingthelettercarefully.我建议仔细阅读这封信。Icansafelyadviseyoutobuyit.我劝你买它是不会错的。Hisparentsadvisedhimagainst(doing)wrong.他父母劝他不要做坏
事。注意:advise后接that引导的宾语从句时,从句谓语动词若用虚拟语气,意为“建议”;若用陈述语气,意为“通知”。如:Iadvisedherthatsheshouldwait.2我建议她应该等待。Wearetoadviseyoutha
tthematterisunderconsideration.此事已在考虑之中,特此通知。练习Iadvised_____________atonce.A.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart答案:Bhim是宾格,作宾
语,后加不定式作宾语补足语。3.InChina,amasscampaignhasbeenstartedtohelpsolveit.在中国,已经发动群众运动去解决这个问题。(1)solvev.tofindasolutionto...解决,解答Doyouknowho
wtosolvetheproblemofpollution?你知道怎样解决污染问题吗?solutionn.解决,解答,答案(派)solvableadj.可以解决的solvern.解决问题的人【辨析】solve/settlesolve
作动词,主要有以下两个用法:①解答、解决(难题等);解答、揭示(秘密等)Withthehelpofmyfriends,Ifinallysolvedtheproblem.在朋友的帮助下,我最终把那道题解答出来了。Hetriedtosolveacr
osswordpuzzle.他试图去把那个纵横字谜猜出来。②解决(困难等)Hehelpedmetosolvemyfinancialtroubles.他帮我解决了经济困难。settle作动词,主要有以下几个用法:①解决、处理
(争论、分歧等);终于或圆满地安排好某事物It’stimeforyoutosettleyourdispute(争论)withhim.现在是解决了你和他的分歧的时候了。Wehavesettledthatwewillleavenextweek.我们已经
安排好下星期走。②安居;安家落户I’mgoingtosettleinHangzhouinthefuture.我将来会在杭州定居。③在某处停歇或停留一时Thebirdsettledonabranch.那只鸟落在树枝上了.④使(某人/某物)平静、放松Thepillwillhe
lptosettleyournerves.这药丸有助于让你的紧张情绪放松。练习3—Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?—Th
ekey_____________theproblemistomeetthedemand_____________bythecustomers.A.tosolving;makingB.tosolving;madeC.tosolve;making
D.tosolve;made答案:Dkey后面用不定式作定语,“解决问题的关键”;demand后面用过去分词短语作定语,表示“顾客提出的要求”。(2)helpv.&n.①v.theactofhelping帮助;救助HeoftengivesmemuchhelpwhenIamintrouble.
我在困境中时,他时常帮助我。②v.beofuse帮助;帮忙Couldyoupleasehelpmecarrytheluggage?你能帮我搬一下行李吗?③v.totakeoruse款待,进食,取用Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.请随便吃些鱼
。④v.起作用Doesthemedicinehelp?这药有用吗?ANewEnglish-ChineseDictionaryhelpsalot.《新英汉词典》很有用。注意:①helpsb.todosth.,helpsb.dost
h.都可以,一般情况下,当主语参与help动作时,不加to,不直接参与help动作时,加to。②help(to)dosth.帮忙做某事联想helpfuladj.有帮助的,有益的helpingn.一份食物helplessadj.无助的拓展helpout帮忙做某事,帮助解决困难can’thelpdo
ing禁不住干某事helpsb.withsth.帮助某人干某事helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人干某事helponeselfto随便吃can’thelpbutdo不得不练习Ifyouarefeelingsotired,perhapsalittlesleepwill__
___________.A.actB.helpC.serve4D.last答案:B此处help的意思是“起作用,有帮助”。4.SandstormsinChinaappeartohaveincreasedinrecentyearsasaresultof“
desertification”.由于沙漠化的原因,最近几年中国沙尘暴好像有所增加。appear(1)vi.tocomeintosight出现(不用被动)Hedidn’tappearuntil6o’clock
.他直到六点才出现。(2)link-v.(后接tobe+表语;+todo,+adj.或itappearsthat)仿佛;好像Heisonlyfortybutappears(tobe)quiteold.他只有40岁,但看上去很老。Thegirlappearstohaveknowni
t.这女孩好像已经知道了这件事。Itappearstomethatyouareallmistaken.我觉得你们全错了。【辨析】appear,look与seemappear指根据事物的表面现象而提出的判断,暗含事实往往并非如此之意。look指凭视觉印象而作出的
判断,实际上也可能如此。seem是指暗含有一定根据,往往接近事实的判断,是强调内心的感受。它们之后都可以接名词、形容词、tobe不定式等结构,通常可以互换。但下列情况中不能互换:①look,seem之后可接l
ike短语,而appear不能;②look可用于进行时态,而appear,seem不能;③look,seem之后可接asif(though)引导的从句,而appear则不能;④appear,seem之后可接
that引导的从句,而look则不能;⑤appear,seem之后可接实义动词的不定式,而look则不能;⑥appear,seem可用于there引导的结构中,而look则不能。练习Doletyourmotherknowthetruth.Sheappears____
_________everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold答案:D意思是,“妈妈好像已经被告知所有事情了”,用不定式的完成被动形式。5.
Thisisaprocessthathappenswhenlandbecomesdesertbecauseofclimatechangesandbecausepeoplecutdowntreesanddigupgrass.由于气候的变化及人们砍伐树木和挖断植被,陆地变成沙漠
,沙漠化的过程就发生了。【辨析】because,since,as与for表示原因时,语气由强到弱依次为because,since,as,for,其中because,since和as是从属连词;for是并列连词,连接并列句。(1)because
表示直接原因,回答why的提问;在强调结构中只能强调由because引导的从句,一般置于主句之后,也可单独存在。(2)since侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已知的理由相当于nowthat。5(3)as主从
句并重,从句说明原因,主句说明结果,是常用词汇;as和because不能接-ing形式。(4)for作介词时接-ing形式,并可放在句首;作连词时,不可放在句首;for表示推断是一种补充说明。如:YouwanttoknowwhyI’mleav
ing?你想知道我为什么要走吗?I’mleavingbecauseI’mfedup!我想走,是因为我受够了!Sinceyourefusedthecooperation,Ishallbeforcedtotak
elegaladvice.既然你不肯合作,我就只好找律师了。Idecidedtostopandhavelunch,forIwasfeelingveryhungry.我决定停下来吃午饭是因为我饿了。练习_____________youhaveseenbo
thfighters,_____________willwin?A.Since;doyouthinkwhoB.As;whoyouthinkC.Whom;whoeverD.Since;whodoyouthink答案:Dsince侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已知的理
由相当于nowthat。句意为:“既然你看了决斗双方,那么你认为哪个会赢呢?”主句中,doyouthink为插入语。6.Thestormssometimescontinuealldayandtrafficmovesverysl
owlybecausethethickdustmakesitdifficulttosee.沙尘暴有时持续一天,而且因为厚厚的尘土使得很难看清楚,车辆行驶很慢。makeitdifficult其中it作形式宾语
,difficult作宾补,不定式作真正宾语。difficult为形容词短语作make的宾语的补足语,其中不定式要用主动形式。英语中有很多形容词,其后的不定式与前面的名词或代词可构成动宾关系,该不定式通常用主动
形式。Heisdifficulttodealwith.他是很难对付的。Thestoneisheavytolift.这块石头抬起来很重。注意:可以这样使用的形容词,常见的有difficult,hard,easy,heavy,light,conveni
ent,pleasant,impossible,fit,expensive,tough等。Wefinditpossibletograspanotherforeignlanguage.我们发现掌握另一门外语是可能的。练习(1)Inordertogainabigshareintheinternat
ionalmarket,manystatesruncompaniesarestriving_____________theirproductsmorecompetitive.A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingma
de(2)Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_____________itthemostpopularsportin6theworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake(3)(2006湖南高考,26)Asthebusies
twomaninNorton,shemade_____________herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it答案:(1)Astrivetodo“努力做某事
”。(2)Amaking引导的部分作结果状语,其逻辑主语是主句全句。(3)D用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语tolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown。注意:只有it能作形式宾语,不能用this,that或one
等其他代词。7.Topreventitcomingnear,thegovernmentisplantingtrees.为了预防沙尘暴,政府正在植树造林。preventv.阻止,预防preventsb.(from)阻止……做……Heavyr
ainpreventedus(from)goingtowork.大雨阻止了我们上班。【辨析】“阻止某人干某事”的几种表达法preventsb.(from)doingsth.stopsb.(from)doin
gsth.keepsb.fromdoingsth.Nothingwillprevent(from)reachingouraims.Nothingwillstopus(from)reachingouraims.Nothingwillkeepusfrom
reachingouraims.什么也不能阻止我们达到目的。注意:以上三个句型中除了keep外其他的可以省略from,但在被动语态中,都不能省略。Whatcanprevent/stopusgoingifwewanttogo?如果要去,有什么能够阻止我们呢?I
wasprevent/stopped/keptfromgoingtoworkbyillness.我因病不能上班。练习Theillnesspreventedthechild_____________theparty.A.tocometoB.cometoC.fromcomi
ngtoD.againstcomingto答案:Cpreventsb.(from)doingsth.阻止……做……8.Thefirstletterisprovidedforyou.已经给你提供了第一个字母。provide=tosupply供应(与for,with连用)Hep
rovidesfoodandclothingforhisfamily.他养家糊口。7Theschoolprovidedthestudentswithfood.学校给学生们提供食物。provideforsb赡养,提供生计【辨析】“向某人提供某物”可用以下不同结构:providesth
.forsb.或providesb.withsth.supplysb.withsth.或supplysth.to/forsb.offersb.sth.&offersth.tosb.拓展provided/providingcon
j.假如;如果We’llbuyeverythingyouproduce,providedofcoursethepriceisright.当然假如价格公道,我们会买下你的一切产品。练习Theyhave_____________us£1500
00forthehouse.Shallwetakeit?A.providedB.suppliedC.shownD.offered答案:D符合offersb.sth.结构,后面的for表示目的。