【文档说明】Unit 4 Space Exploration B卷·综合能力提升练-【单元测试】2022-2023学年高一英语分层训练AB卷（人教版2019必修第三册）.docx，共(10)页，539.943 KB，由envi的店铺上传

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必修Book3Unit4SpaceExplorationB卷·综合能力提升练(时间：90分钟满分：120分)第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项

。A（2023·上海·模拟预测）Timehasalwaysbeenofgreatinteresttoscientist…Theory1:AccordingtoCaltechcosmologist(宇宙学家)DrSeanCarroll,theflowofti

mefrompasttofuturemaybethesymptomofourUniversehavingemergedfromanotheruniversethatexistedbeforetheBigBan

gandthengavebirthtoourown.Theory2:In1967,twoAmericantheoristscameupwithanequationdescribingthequantum(量子)stateofthew

holeUniverse.KnownastheWheeler-DeWittequation,itincludesmanykeyfeaturesoftheuniverse,suchasitssize.Butoneaspectisab

sent:time.Sometheoristsbelievethisimpliesthattimeonlyexistsinourminds.Theory3:AccordingtotheoristProfLeeSmolinatthePerimet

erInstitute,Canada,theexistenceoflifeintheUniverseistheresultofthelawsofphysicsevolvingtotheircurrentstateoveranunlimitednumberofpreviousuniverse

s.Iftrue,thismeansthatourveryexistenceisproofthattimedoesexist.Theory4:In2009,physicistsattheuniversitiesofBristolandCambridgeshowedthatthepassingof

timerevealedby,say,thecoolingofacupoftea,maybeduetoquantumeffectcalled‘entanglement’.Thisinvolvestheparticles(粒子)intheteaminteracting

withtheirsurroundings,beingboundtogetherandbecominghardertodistinguishfromeachother—aone-wayprocessthatrequirestheforwardprogressionoftimetooccur.T

heory5:Darkenergy,themysteriousanti-gravitationalforcethatdrivestheexpansionoftheUniverse,maybelinkedtotheexistenceofthearrowof

time.Lastyear,twocosmologistsattheYerevanPhysicsInstituteshowedthatdarkenergyleadstothegrowthofentropy,ameasureo

fdisorder,intheUniverse.1．Allthefivetheoriesimplythat_____.A．timeisflexibleB．timeisconstantC．timedoesgoforthandbackD．timedoesexistinsomeway2．Wh

ichtheorydoesn’tincludetime?A．Theory1.B．Theory2.C．Theory3.D．Theory4.3．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofdarkene

rgy?A．Itleadstotheexistenceofmulti-universities.B．Itiswhatkeepstheuniverseinorder.C．Itincreasesinstrengthw

ithgravity.D．Itiswhatmakestheuniversegetbigger.quantumB（2022春·甘肃金昌·高一永昌县第一高级中学校考期中）LiZixuanisajuniormiddleschoolstud

ent.HeisnowstudyinginGrade9.Hehashadmanydreamssincehewaslittle.Butastimegoesby,somenewdreamshaveappearedandsomeoldoneshaved

isappeared.However,onlyonedreamisstillinhismind.LiZixuansaysthatwhenhewasachild,heheardaboutrocketsandspaceships.Atfirst,hedidn

’tknowwhattheywere.Fromhisfather,heknewthatscientistsmaderocketstocarrythingsintospace,andspaceships

wereusedtocarrypeoplethroughspace.Fromthenon,hehashadarealinterestinspace.Everytimeheseesbeautifulstarsandthemoonintheskyatnight,hegets

veryexcited.Heisalwaysdreamingthathecanflytospacetolookattheearthoneday.Hismotherknowsabouthisdreamandoftenen

courageshim.Inschool,LiZixuanlearnedthatthefirstmanflewintospacein1961andlater,moreastronautssucceededintravelingintosp

ace.Someastronautsevenlandedonthemoon.Histeacheralwaysencourageshimtolearnmore.Heknowsnoteveryonehasachancetotravelintospace.Moreimportantly,be

forehecanflytospace,hemustbetrainedspecially.LiZixuanknowsit’snoteasytoachievehisdream,buthedecidestotryhisbest.HesaysI’vehadthisdreamforman

yyears.Ithasbroughtmealotofjoyandalwaysgivesmepower.Evenifitdoesn’tcometrueintheend,Iwon’tbesorry.”4．Whatdo

estheboywanttobewhenhegrowsup?A．Ascientist.B．Apilot.C．Anengineer.D．Anastronaut.5．Whotoldtheboysomethingaboutrock

etsandspaceships?A．Hisfather.B．Hismother.C．Histeacher.D．Hisfriend.6．Whatmusttheboydobeforehecanflytospace?A．Studyveryhard.B．Getadri

vinglicense.C．Doexerciseeveryday.D．Getsomespecialtraining.7．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．DreamsofaBoyB．TheLoveofaFatherC．AnEx

cellentHobbyD．AnUnusualExperienceC（2023届广西桂林崇左市高三上学期联合调研考试（一调）英语试题）NASAismakingpreparationstosendacrewtothemoonwhowillexpl

orethelunarsurfacewiththehopeofconstructingastablehabitat.AlthoughtheAmericanspaceagencyfocusesonjustsendingastronauts,othercompaniesare

lookingfurtherintothefutureforwhenhumanswillcolonizethenaturalsatellite.ExpertsatMoney,acompanyforcon

sumercreditproducts,releasedthefirst-evermoonloanguidethatrevealslivingonthelunarsurfacewouldcost$325,067amonth.“

WiththeEarthbecomingincreasinglypopulatedandspacetechnologyadvancing,itwon’tbelongbeforelunarlivingbecom

esthenewnormal,”readsthestudy.TheteamfromMoneyusedvariousfactorstocalculatethecostofahouseonthemoon:rawmaterialsneededtobuildahouse,th

especialmaterialsneededtobuildonthemoon’satmosphere,astronautsrequiredtotraveltobuild,andtheaveragecostoftransporti

ngmaterialstothemoon.Accordingtothemoonloanguide,thefirstfullyfunctioninghouseonthemoonwouldbe$48,454,063,whichisahighpriceforahome.Thepriceincludesa

ddinglife-savingdetailstohomessuchasairseals,industrial-strengthair-conditionersandheaters.“Generating

energyisvitalwhenlivinginsuchextremeconditions,andthereforethecostofsomesuppliesmayforceyoutoconsidersomealternativeoptions.Themos

tefficientwaytogenerateelectricityonthemoonistobuyasmallnuclearreactorcostingS1.3million,“Moneysharesinthest

udy.“Alternatively,34solarpanelswouldgenerateenoughelectricitytorunonehouseandcostonly$23,616incomparison.”Theguidealsorevealsthemostideallocations

onthemoon,with“SeaofRains”beingconsidered”theperfectfamilysuburb”—thisregionsitsatthenorthandisoneofthelargestimpactcratersintheSolarSystem.8．

What’sthepurposeofNASAsendingacrewtothemoon?A．Toencouragecompaniestoreleasemoonloan.B．Tocolonizethemoonalone.C．Toexplorethemoonfornaturalresource

s.D．Tobuildalastinglivingplaceonthemoon.9．Whichofthefollowingwasnotconsideredwhentheteamestimatedthecostofalunarho

use?A．Materialsneededtobuildahouseonthemoon.B．Thecostoflookingforthemostideallocationonthemoon.C．Astr

onautsneededtotraveltobuildahouseonthemoon.D．Theaveragecostoftransportingmaterialstothemoon.10．Whatcanweinferfromthestud

y?A．Lunarlivingwon’ttakelongtobecomeareality.B．Thefirsthouseonthemoonwillbethemostexpensivehome.C．Youwil

ldefinitelybuyanuclearreactortogenerateelectricityonthemoon.D．Theperfectlocationonthemoonforlivingisthelargestimpactcrateri

ntheSolarSystem.11．What’sthetextmainlyabout?A．Thefirstloanguideaboutlivingonthemoon.B．Themoon-themostideallivingplaceforhumans.C．NASAwil

lsendastronautstothemoon.D．Livingonthemoonhasbecomepossible.D（辽宁省大连市2022-2023学年高二上学期12月期末英语试题）Astronautsfloati

ngaroundEarthmightsoonbeabletomaketheirowndelicious,creamybreakfast.ThisisthankstoAustralianhighschoolstudents.Theywantto

seeiftheastronautscanmakeyogurtinspace!SixstudentsfromHaileybury,ahighschoolinMelbourneareparticipatinginaprogramledbysomescientists.Theypl

acedthebacteria(细菌)producingyogurtinaculture(培养菌)andpacked36containerswithfrozenmilkandthebacteria.Then,theys

entthecontainerstotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS),wheretheastronautsdefrostedthefrozeningredients.Thesestudentsareworkingwiththescient

iststostudyhowbacteriareacttomicrogravity,whichisonlyasmallpartofthegravityweexperienceonEarth.Buthowexactlydobacteriamakeyogurt?Itallstartswiththe

bacteriathatliveinmilk.Thesebacteriaeatsomeofthesugarinmilkandcreateakindofacid,whichmakesthemilkthickandcreamy.Thisprocessisfer

mentation(发酵).Theastronautswillstudythesecontainerstoseehowyogurtschangedependingonthetypeofmilk—eitherfullcream

cow’smilkorsoymilk.Theywillalsotestdifferentfermentationtime—either24,48or72hours.WhentheyogurtscomebacktoEarth

,thestudentswillanalyzetheirnutrients.OneHaileyburystudent,ChiaraSgroisaidonegoaloftheexperimentistofigureout

whichyogurtisthemostnutritious.“Wecanevengettotastethem,whichisprettyexciting,”saidSgroi.Oneday,wemightbeabletosendastronautswit

hsomefrozenbacteriaandmilk.Wehopethattheycaneasilymakehealthfulyogurtinspace.12．Whatwillthestudentsstudyintheprogram?A．Whatbacterianeedtosurvive.B

．Howbacteriareacttomicrogravity.C．Whethermicrogravityexistsinspace.D．Whyastronautscan’tmakeyogurtinspace.13．Whatd

otheastronautsneedtomakeyogurt?A．Bacteriaandcream.B．Milkandacid.C．Creamandsugar.D．Bacteriaandmilk.14．WhatmaymakeSgoriexcitedalot?A．

TastingtheyogurtsmadeintheISS.B．Makingthemostnutritiousspaceyogurts.C．Testingtheyogurtsindifferenttemperatures.D．S

tudyingthenutrientsoftheyogurtsintheISS.15．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．StudentsObservetheChangeofYogurtinSpaceB．StudentsSendBacteriai

ntoSpacetoMakeYogurtC．StudentsFindaNewWaytoMakeHealthyYogurtD．StudentsMakeGoodYogurtforAstronautsinSpace第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入

空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2022春·浙江·高二校联考期中）Haveyoueverdreamedoftravelingtospace?Withmanydevelopmentsinspacetravel,youmaysoonbeabletobookaticket.The

InternationalSpaceStation(ISS)welcomedthefirstall-privateteamofastronautsonApril9.Thefour-manteammade

aflighthailedbyNASAasamilestone(里程碑)incommercialspaceflight.____16____.Let’stakealook.FlymetothemoonJapanesebillionaire

YusakuMaezawa,46,hasinvitedeightmembersofthepublictojoinhimforatriparoundthemoonwiththehelpofElonMusk’sSpaceXcompany.____17____.Finally

itwillspendthreedaysreturning.Inadditiontoitshistoricfirstasaprivatelunar(月球)mission,therocket’sflightpathmeansitwillgobeyondthedis

tancetraveledbytheUSApollomissions.Themission,calledDearMoon,isscheduledfor2023.LivinginspacehotelInsteadofsqueezing(挤)intoasp

acecabin(太空舱),howaboutenjoyingyourtimeinahotel?____18____.Itisexpectedtohaverestaurants,cinemasandroomsforupto400guests.Developed

byaUScompany,thespacestationwillbealargecircular(圆形的)structure.____19____.Itissimilartothegravityfoundonthesurfaceofthemoon.Sh

ortspacetripWhilesomepeoplemayliketostayinspaceforalongtime,othersmayprefertosimplyhaveataste.Ticketsfora90-minu

tejourneyhavebeenonsaletothepublicsinceFeb16.____20____.Thecommercialtouristflightswithaprivatespacetourismco

mpanyarearrangedlaterthisyear.A．Theshortspacetriphasappealedtosomepeople.B．Itwillclimbtoreachtheedgeoftheatmosphere.C．Therearealsoman

yotherspacetravelchoicesavailable.D．Itwillrotate(旋转)tocreateartificialgravity.E．Themissionwilltakethreedaystoflytothemo

onandthenorbit.F．Theworld’sfirstspacehotelisduetostartconstructionin2025.G．ThemissionwillenjoytheviewsofEarth.第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分

30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2022春·江苏盐城·高二江苏省响水中学校考期中）Beinganastrona

utsoundscool,doesn’tit?Inspace,theygettodosomeprettyamazingthings,like____21____inzerogravity.However,without____22____,therearealsoplentyoft

hingsastronautscan’tdo,andthat’svery____23____.What’sworse,theycan’tevenlettheirsadnessshow—becauseit’simpossibleto___

_24____inzerogravity.Ofcourse,astronautscanstillproducetears.Butcryingismuchmoredifficultinspace.Becauseoftheir____25__

__environment,tearsdon’tflowdownwardoutoftheeyes.This____26____thatwhenyoucryinspace,yourtearshavenowheretogo—theyjust____27____there.InMay2011,a

stronautAndrewJ.Feustel____28____thisduringoneofhisspacewalks.Besidesmakingyour____29____unclear,thiscanalsoca

usephysicalpain.BackonEarth,tearsaresupposedtobring_____30_____totheeyes.Butthat’snotthecaseinspace.“Myrighteyeispainfullikecrazy,”Feusteltoldhiste

ammateduringthewalk.Sincegravitydoesn’tworkinspace,astronautsneedsomeextrahelptogetridofthetears.Feuste

l_____31_____torub(擦)hiseyesagainsthishelmettowipethetearsaway.Anotherchoiceistojustwait.“Whenthetea

rsgetbigenoughthey_____32_____breakfreeoftheeyeandfloataround,”astronautRonParisesaid.Inspace,astronautscan’t

eatordrinkin_____33_____ways.Norcantheytalktoeachotherdirectly.Theycan’tevenburp(打嗝),becausethereisno

gravitytoholdthefood_____34_____intheirstomach.Iftheydoburp,theyjust_____35_____throwingupeverythingintheirstomach.T

hus,perhapsit’sonlyspaceexplorerswhocanhonestlysay,“Gravity,you’rethebest.”21．A．leapingB．floatingC．eatin

gD．talking22．A．gravityB．doubtC．aidD．effort23．A．riskyB．lifelikeC．sadD．unfortunate24．A．foreseeB．viewC．prayD．cry25．A．dange

rousB．extremeC．stableD．weightless26．A．expectsB．meansC．demandsD．shows27．A．meetB．developC．stayD．leave28．A．witnessedB．acknowledgedC．experiencedD．su

ffered29．A．mindB．visionC．senseD．idea30．A．peaceB．disasterC．stressD．comfort31．A．choseB．decidedC．stoppedD．hesitated32．A．fluentlyB．exactlyC．efficientlyD．

simply33．A．regularB．normalC．particularD．rational34．A．outB．offC．downD．up35．A．giveupB．endupC．putoffD．feellike第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分

)（2022·高一单元测试）Completethepassagewithwordsfromthetextandpayattentiontotheircorrectforms.Formostpeoplebeforethemid-20thcentury,itwasimposs

ibletotravelintospace.However,itwassomescientists’____36____tohelphumanstofulfilltheirdreamof____37____space.Withmanyexperimentsdone,theyhadr

ocketsmadesuccessfully,whichcouldescapeEarth’s___38___.Thenon4October1957,theSputnik1satellitewaslaunchedbyth

eUSSRand___39___orbitedaroundEarth.Sometimeafterthat,theUSSR___40___onsendingpeopleintospace,andon12April

1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.Overeightyearslater,on20July1969,American___41___NeilArmstrongsaid,“That’sones

mallstepforaman,onegiant___42___formankind.”whenhesteppedonthemoon.FollowingRussiaandtheUS,Chinawasthethirdcountryto

sendhumansintospaceonitsownintheShenzhou5___43___in2003whenYangLiweisuccessfully___44___Earth,whichwasamain__

___45_____forChina.第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节应用文写作(满分15分)46．（2022春·山西·高三校联考阶段练习）假定你是校学生会主席李华，你校将举办以“中国航天”为主题的绘画展。请你

写一则书面通知征集作品。内容包括：1.绘画展的目的;2.作品要求;3.交稿地点及截止日期。参考词汇：航天aerospace注意：1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。NOTICE__

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudents’Union第二节读后

续写(满分25分)47．（2022秋·高一课时练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Thequilt(被子)tookalotoftime.Butthemessage

sonitweremeaningful.WhenIstartedmycurrentproject,Iwokeupeverydaywithnewideasandfreshenthusiasm.IreallybelievedintheimportanceofwhatIwan

tedtocreate,andIhadmyhusband,Claudio,tocheermeon.Butthen,thingshadgottenhard.Iinjuredmyshoulderandmyrecoverywasslow.Inthemiddleofit,IlostClaudiotocan

cer.Iwasdiscouraged,lonely,andwithoutClaudio’scomfort.Facingdownthehalffinishedquiltinmysewingroomonemorningsoonaft

erhisdeath,Icouldhardlygathertheenergytosewit.Thequiltwasmeanttobeawaytokeepmyoldnursingclasstogether.We’dgrad

uatedfromMercyCollegeover40yearsbeforeandquicklyworkedalloverthecountry.Afterourlastanniversaryparty,Itriedtofindwaysforeveryonetostayintouch,butn

othingeverseemedtoworkout.IknewIneededtofindaconnectiontoshareatadistance.Ithoughtaboutaquilt.Igotintouchwithasmanyofmyol

dclassmatesasIcould.Everyonewhowantedtojointheprojectwassentapieceoffabric(布料).Theycouldsignitorwriteapersonalmessage.OnceIgot

thepiecesback,I’dsewthemintothefinishedpiece.Irubbedmypainfulshoulderandranmyhandovertheunfinishedquilt

.Evenafterseveraloperations,movementinmyleftarmwaslimited.Therewasstillsomuchtodo.Ourclass’sforty-fifthanniversarypartywascomingupbutmyhe

artwasn’tinthisprojectanymore.WithClaudio’sencouragementI’dkeptatitdespitemypainfulshoulder.ButClaudiowasgonenow.Workingonthequiltwasimpossiblewit

hmyachesandpains.WhywasIeventrying?Icoveredupmysewingmachineandleftthequiltasitwas.注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按

如下格式作答。WeekspassedbutIdidn’tsewathing._______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________Iarrivedatourforty-fifthanniversaryparty.______________________

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