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SectionⅢGrammar——过去分词作表语和状语语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.IneverthoughtIwasverytalentedatanythingtodowithmusic.2.Mycousinisveryinterestedinpainting.3.Move
dbythismusic,hesaid,“Itwaslikeseeingcolorforthefirsttime.”4.Wellknownasasuccessfulband,theimpactmembersshowquiteaf
ewstrikingabilities.1.例句1中的talented和例句2中的interested为过去分词作表语,主要表示主语的状态和特征。2.例句3中的过去分词短语在句中作伴随状语。3.例句4中的过去分词短语在句中作原因状语。一、过去分词作表语1.意义位于系动词(如be,get,beco
me,look,feel,seem等)之后,多表示主语的状态或状况,它所体现的是形容词的特性。Shelookeddisappointed.她看上去很失望。Wewereencouragedatthenews.听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。2.过去分词
作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时,强调主语所处的状态,而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,强调动作。Thecupisbroken.杯子破了。(系表结构)ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.杯子是被汤姆打破的。(被动语态)3.现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别过
去分词表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态,常译作“感到……的”现在分词表示事物具有的特性,常译作“令人……的”Theybecamesoworriedthattheystayedawakeallnight.他们变得如此担心,以致一整晚都没有睡觉。Thesituationbecamesow
orryingthatsomethingshouldbedoneatonce.形势变得令人担忧,应该立刻采取措施。[即时训练1]单句语法填空①Iwastootired(tire)towalkanyfurther.②Whenheheardthemovings
tory,hewasdeeplymoved.(move)③Tomwasmoresurprised(surprise)thandisappointed(disappoint)atthisnews.二、过去分词作状语1.过去分词作状语,
表示被动或完成的动作可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。(1)作时间状语过去分词作时间状语时,相当于一个when,while,after,once等引导的时间状语从句。Oncepublished(=Onceitispublished),thedictionarywillbeveryp
opular.一旦出版,这本词典将大受欢迎。(2)作原因状语过去分词作原因状语时,相当于一个as,since,because等引导的原因状语从句。Absorbedinpainting(=BecauseJohnwasabsorbedinpainting),Johndidn'tnotic
eeveningapproaching.由于专心画画,约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。(3)作条件状语过去分词作条件状语时,相当于一个if,unless等引导的条件状语从句。Givenanotherhour(=IfIamgivenanotherhour),Icanalsoworkoutthisp
roblem.如果再给我一个小时,我也能把这道题算出来。(4)作让步状语过去分词作让步状语时,相当于一个though,although,evenif/though等引导的让步状语从句。Beatenbytheoppositeteam(=Thoughw
ewerebeatenbytheoppositeteam),wedidn'tloseheartandencouragedeachother.虽然被对方的队打败了,但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。(5)作方式或伴随状语过去分词作方式或伴随状语时,可以转换成一个并列句。The
oldmangotonthebus,supportedbyagirl(=andhewassupportedbyagirl).在一位姑娘的搀扶下,老人上了公共汽车。[名师点津]过去分词作状语的注意事项①过去分词作状语时,其前面可以带有相应的连词,如when,thou
gh,although,asif,asthough,if,unless,until,once等,表时间、让步、条件、方式等。If(Iam)invited,Iwillattendtheweddingofmyfr
iend.如果受到邀请,我会参加我朋友的婚礼。②过去分词(短语)作状语时,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。Caught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.(caught的逻辑主语为thethief)小偷如果被抓,就会受到警方的
处罚。③有些过去分词已形容词化,作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有:satisfied,surprised,interested,moved,worried,pleased,disappointed等。Disappointedattheexamin
ationresults,thegirlstoodtherewithoutsayingaword.因为对考试结果很失望,小女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。[即时训练2]用过去分词短语改写下列句子①Althoughwewereexhaustedbythecli
mb,wecontinuedourjourney.→Exhaustedbytheclimb,wecontinuedourjourney.②Shewasdressedinwhiteandsuddenlyappeared.→Dressedinwhite,shesuddenlyappea
red.③AuntWucameinandshewasfollowedbyherdaughter.→AuntWucamein,followedbyherdaughter.2.过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,即表被动;现在分
词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即表主动。Askedwhyhewaslate,hecried.问他为什么迟到时,他哭了。Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawsomestudentsplayingthere.朝窗外望去,我看见几个学生在那边
玩耍。[即时训练3]选词填空①A.FollowedB.Followingtheoldman,wewentupstairs.bytheoldman,wewentupstairs.②A.UsedB.Usingforalongtime,thebooklooksold.thebook,
Ifindituseful.③A.SeeingB.Seenfromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.
[答案]①BA②AB③BAⅠ.单句语法填空1.BothheandIaresatisfied(satisfy)withtheresult.2.Sheacceptedthegift,deeplymoved(move).3.Wewenttothecinema,fi
lled(fill)withexcitement.4.Oncepoured(pour),watercannotbetakenback.5.Seeing(see)thosepictures,hecouldn'thelpthinkingofthosed
aysinhishometown.6.Thenewswasexcitingandtheywereallexcitedatit.(excite)7.Weallfeltencouragedattheencouragingnews.(encourage)8.Generallyspeaki
ng,whentaken(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.9.Whenasked(ask)aboutthesecretofhissuccess,th
efamousathletesaidthatheowesmuchofhissuccessandhappinesstohiswifeandchildren.10.Clearlyandthoughtfullywritten(write),thebookinspiresconfidencein
studentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.Ⅱ.用过去分词短语完成句子1.这个学校成立于二十世纪初,一直鼓励孩子热爱艺术。Foundedintheearly20thcent
ury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.2.由于受到所取得的成绩的鼓励,他工作更努力了。Encouragedbytheprogresshehasmade,hework
sharder.3.尽管被警告过有暴风雨,农民们仍然在田地里劳作。Thoughwarnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.4.被老师批评了,他感到
很沮丧。Scoldedbytheteacher,hefeltverydepressed.5.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。Lostindeepthought,hedidn'thearthesound.