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第三节词句猜测题一、词义猜测题(2019·全国Ⅰ，B)ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue，N.Y.，todayisspeechday，andrightnowit’sChrisPala

ez’sturn.The8­year­oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes，heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking

.Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe“­ld，”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon

­nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher，ThomasWhaley，isnexttohim，whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exce

ptforsomestumbles，Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion，Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmig

rants，ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear，whencalledupontoread，Chriswouldexcusehimsel

ftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyo

umakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent，”Whaleyexplains，“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewla

nguage，tofeelconfidentenoughtosay，‘Idon’tknow，butIwanttoknow.’”Whaleygottheideaofthissecond­gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhe

nheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart

.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemsel

ves.“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities，”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”语篇解

读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小学教师托马斯·沃利通过组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信的教学实践。24．WhatmadeChrisnervous?A．Tellingastory.B．Makingaspeech.C．Takingates

t.D．Answeringaquestion.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“todayisspeechday...ChrisPalaez’sturn”和第二段中的“Buthe’snervous.

”可知，克里斯在进行竞选演说时感到非常紧张。25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inParagraph2referto?A．Improperpauses.B．Badmanners.C．Spellingmistakes.D．Sillyjokes.答案A

解析词义猜测题。根据文章内容可知，老师借助竞选演说鼓励同学们学会赞美自己。文中克里斯·帕莱兹的母语不是英语，他学英语才三年多，说话不流利，而且他在演讲时非常紧张，所以说话磕磕绊绊，因此选A。26．Wecaninferthat

thepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto.A．helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB．assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC．preparestu

dentsfortheirfuturejobsD．inspirestudents’loveforpolitics答案A解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Whaleysaystheprojectisabout

morethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.”和最后一段的内容可知，老师让

学生参加竞选演说不仅仅是让学生们学会在公开场合演说，更重要的是让他们发现自己的长处，从而树立自信。27．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A．Humorous.B．Ambitious.C．Caring.D．Demanding.答案

C解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，当克里斯·帕莱兹发表竞选演说遇到问题时，老师耳语为他提示。文章最后两段解释了老师举办这项活动的初衷，我们可以判断这个老师是关心他人的人，因此选C。一、题型解读词义猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时

间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。由此看来，对于生词的理解是否准确，直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低，对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。词义猜

测题的命题方式有：(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”probablymean?(2)Theword“...”refersto/probablymeans“”．(3)Theunder

linedword“...”couldbestbereplacedby“”．(4)Theunderlinedword“...”inParagraph...isclosestinmeaningto.(5)Whatdoyouthinktheexpr

ession“...”standsfor?(6)Bysaying“...”wemean.(7)“...”usedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas.(8)Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”？二

、解题技巧——巧用线索猜词义1．根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测有些文章，特别是科技说明文，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅读定义和解释部分，考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。有时，需要猜测的单词或短语后

面会紧跟一个同位语，作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明。有时，文章会用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。例如：Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoo

lnurse，whobroughtadefibrillator，anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem：Paris

’sheartbeatreturned.分析：所猜测单词defibrillator后面出现了同位语“anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork”(一个可以电击心脏使其重新工作的电

子器械)来进行解释说明，我们可推知其词义应为“(心脏)除颤器”。2．根据构词法进行猜测英语中通过词根加词缀或两个单词合成的方式可以构成新词。因此，掌握了一定的构词知识，再结合上下文语境，也可以快速猜测词义

。例如：Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasiness，orworry.分析：根据构词法知识我们可知，un­为否定前缀，­ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此

，我们可知uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。3．根据因果关系进行猜测在阅读理解文章的句子或段落中，若两个事物或两种现象之间构成因果关系，这时我们可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推断词或短语的含义。表示因果关系的标志词有because，so，thus，therefore

，asaresultof，since，sothat，so/such...that...等。例如：Mysoncouldnotfollowtheteacher’sdirections，hetoldme，andthus，Scolawasd

isruptingtheclass.Didn’theknowmysondidnotspeakEnglishyet?试题：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disrupting”probablymean?A．Breaking.B．Following.C．Attendin

g.D．Disturbing.分析：画线单词所在的句子出现了因果关系标志词thus，由前面的原因“我儿子听不懂老师的指示”可以推知，“他因此认为我儿子斯科拉干扰了课堂”，故选D项。其余三项都不符合这一因果逻辑关系。4．根据同义或近义关系进行猜测在画线单词或短语前

后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，它往往暗示了该词或该短语的含义，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词或短语的含义。常见的表示相同或相近意义的词和短语有and，or，like，aswell，similarly，too，also，either等。例如：Th

efineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作)withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid，Spain，andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitut

ionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg，Florida.试题：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contributions”referto?A．Artworks.B．Projects.C．Don

ations.D．Documents.分析：画线单词contributions前出现了and，可利用同义或近义关系进行猜测。and前面提到了“thefineselectionofthemajorworks”(精选的重要作品)，后面说contributio

ns来自其他机构，由并列关系可以推断出contributions应该属于works的范畴，同时文中明确表示contributions是来自museum的，故选A项。5．根据反义、转折和对比关系进行猜测有些需要猜测词义的词或短语前后会出现表示

转折或对比的词语，运用这些词语也可以帮助猜测词义。能体现转折、对比关系的词汇很多，常见的有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead(of)，ontheotherhand，ratherthan，ont

hecontrary等。例如：Intheevening，ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace，withgoldenlightstreamingacro

ssthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink.Sedatethoughtheyare，ridesatthistimeofdayarestillveryimpressive.试题：Whatdoestheunderlinedw

ord“sedate”probablymean?A．Wildandromantic.B．Slowandpeaceful.C．Hungryandthirsty.D．Activeandexcited.分析：

画线词语所在句子的句意为“虽然它们，但是在一天的这个时候骑马观赏仍然令人印象非常深刻。”由though可知，前后两句是转折关系，再结合前一句中提到的“atamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace”可知，应选B项，sedate意

为“不慌不忙的”。6．根据上下文进行猜测有些词义猜测题找不到以上标志线索，这时可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。例如：真题感悟的25题。

根据文章内容可知，老师借助竞选演说鼓励同学们学会赞美自己。文中克里斯·帕莱兹的母语不是英语，他学英语才三年多，说话不流利，而且他在演讲时非常紧张，所以说话磕磕绊绊，因此选A。A(2019·河南实验中学模拟)Solarenergysystems&power8plantsd

onotproduceairpollution，waterpollution，orgreenhousegases.9Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive，indirecteffectontheenvironment，whensolarene

rgyreplacesorreducestheuseofotherenergysourcesthathavelargereffectsontheenvironment.However，somepoisonousmaterialsandchemicalsareuse

dtomakethephotovoltaic(光电池的)cellsthatconvertsunlightintoelectricity.Somesolarthermal(保热的)systemsusepotentiallyhazardousliqu

idstotransferheat.Leaksofthesematerialscouldbeharmfultotheenvironment.U.S.environmentallawsregulatetheuseandsettlementofthesetypes

ofmaterials.Aswithanytypeofpowerplant，largesolarpowerplantscanaffecttheenvironmentneartheirlocations.Theplacementofthepowerplantmayhavel

ong­termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.Somesolarpowerplantsmayrequirewaterforcleaningsolarcollectorsandconcentratorsorfor

coolingturbinegenerators.Usinglargevolumesofgroundwaterorsurfacewaterinsomedrylocationsmayaffecttheecosystemsthatdep

endonthesewaterresources.Inaddition，thebeamofconcentratedsunlightasolarpowertowercreatescankillbirdsandinsectsthatflyintot

hebeam.Theamountofsolarenergythattheearthreceiveseachdayismanytimesgreaterthanthetotalamountofallenergythatpeople1consumeeachday.However，onth

esurfaceoftheearth，solarenergyisavariableandirregularenergysource.Theamountofsunlightandtheintensityofsunlight5variesbytimeof

dayandlocation.Weatherandclimateconditionsaffecttheavailabilityofsunlightdailyandonaseasonalbasis.Thetypeandsizeofasolarenergycollectionandconv

ersionsystemdetermineshowmuchofthe2availablesolarenergywecanconvertintousefulenergy.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太阳能发电的潜在弊端以及影响太阳能收集量的几个因素。1．Whic

hofthefollowingbestexplains“hazardous”underlinedinParagraph2?A．Inexpensive.B．Dangerous.C．Ineffective.D．Abnormal.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据上文中的“somepoisonousmat

erialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光电池的)cells”及画线词所在句后的“Leaksofthesematerialscouldbeharmf

ultotheenvironment.”可知hazardous意为“危险的”。故选B。2．Whatinfluencecanlargesolarpowerplantshaveonthelocations?A．Pollutingthegroundwater.B．Protectingth

ehabitatsofplantsandanimals.C．Damagingthelocalnaturalbalance.D．Attractingbirdsandinsectstothearea.答案C解析细节理

解题。根据第三段第二句“Theplacementofthepowerplantmayhavelong­termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.”可知，大型太阳能发电厂的选址可能会对当地动植

物的栖息地产生长期的影响，也就是会破坏当地自然平衡。故C项正确。3．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Differentareasreceivedifferentamountofsolarenergy.B．H

owtoconvertsolarenergyintousefulenergy.C．Therelationshipbetweensolarenergycollectionandthesunlight.D．Somefactorsthatinfluencethea

mountofsolarenergycollection.答案D解析段落大意题。根据最后一段第二、三、四句可知，在地球表面，太阳能是一种可变的和不规则的能源，阳光的数量和强度随着一天的时间和地点而变化，天气和气候条件影响每日和季节性的阳光供应。由此可

知，本段主要介绍的是影响太阳能收集量的几个因素。故D项正确。B(2019·湖北黄冈中学三模)ASouthKoreanmanandthe21ducklingshehasbeenraisingashischildreneversincetheyhatch

edhavebeenbreakingtheInternetwiththeiramazing6bond.Avideothatrecently3wentviralinthewesternworldshowsthecutebirdsfollowingtheir“mother”onamounta

inhikeandlisteningtohiseverycommand.Themiddle­agedman，whosenameisnot4revealedinthevideo，hasbeentakingcareofhis21duckling

seversincetheywereeggs，makingsuretheincubation(孵化)periodwentsmoothly，andevenhelpingthetinybirdsbreakthroughtheirshellsw

henitcametimetohatch.Hewasthefirstthingtheylaideyesoninthisworld，andhehasremainedthemostimportantfigureintheirlivessince.Ducklingsnaturallyfollowthei

rmotheraround，andsincethemanwastheonewho7actedastheirmother，thesebirdsfollowhimeverywhere，evenupamountain.Tothemit’sonlynatural，butthemi

ddle­agedmanconsidersittrainingandconditioningforthetimewhenhefinallyreleasesthemintothewild.Hewouldlovetoraisethemallaspets，butknowst

hatwouldn’tbeidealforhimorthebirds，sohe’smakingsurethattheyarestrongenoughtosurviveinthewild.Thevideoshowsthed

ucksfollowingthemiddle­agedmanashehikesupamountainoutsideSeoul，stoppingwheneverhedoesandrefusingtofol

lowanyoneelse，eveniftheygivethesame“let’sgo”commandtheirhumanmothergives.Unlesstheyhearhisvoiceandseehimmoving，theydon’tbudge.It’sactuallyqui

teremarkable.Imean，it’sonethingtoseedogsactinglikethis，butducklings?That’ssomethingelse.10Whileit’snotclearwhatthemandoesforaliving

，I’mprettysurehehasalotofexperiencewithducks，asatonepointherevealsacertificatefor“fatherofducklings”dated2005.

语篇解读这是一篇新闻报道类阅读。文章主要讲了韩国一位中年男子把小鸭子当“孩子”养，这些小鸭子把他当成“妈妈”，到处跟着他，很自然地服从他的命令。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthevideo?A．Theducklingsjustbrokethro

ughtheirshells.B．Themanaccidentallysavedsomeducklings.C．Theducklingsjustobeyedthemannaturally.D．Themantookprideinhisducklin

gs.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，我们能从这个视频中得知，小鸭们很自然地服从这个人。故选C。5．What’stheman’spurposeofraisingtheducklings?A．Tomakealivingbyperforming.B．Tofilmavid

eotoattractattention.C．Tofreethemintothewildoneday.D．Tomakeacontributiontoabirdreserve.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段第

二句可知，这个男子养小鸭的目的是有一天把它们放归野外。故选C。6．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“budge”inParagraph4?A．Attac

k.B．Move.C．End.D．Struggle.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据上文可知，视频显示，当这名中年男子爬上首尔郊外的一座山时，鸭子们跟着他，无论他什么时候停下来，它们都不愿跟着任何人，即使给它们发出和它们的人类母亲同样的“我们走吧”的命令。由此可知，画线句意为“

除非它们听到他的声音，看到他在动，否则它们不会动。”故“budge”的意思是“移动”。故选B。7．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．“Father”and“Mother”ofCutePetsB．AManRaisesDucklingsa

sHis“Children”C．DucklingsAlsoRegardedasGoodPetsD．AmazingBondBetweenManandAnimals答案B解析标题归纳题。第一段第二句“最近在西方世界走红的一段视频显示，这些可爱的小禽跟随它们的‘妈

妈’爬山，听从他的每一个命令。”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，这篇文章最好的题目是：一个男人把小鸭子当“孩子”养。故选B。Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1．Asmallervehiclewillconsumelessfuel，whichme

anslessemission.消费，消耗2．Hangzhou，inZhejiangProvince，becamethefirstcitytomakefreeoutdoorWiFiavailableforresidents(居民)．可获得的，可得到的3．Fakenewsha

slongbeenaseriousproblem，andsocialmediahasbeenblamedforallowingfakenewsstoriestogoviralquickly.广泛传播4．Whenyouanswerthisquestio

n，thewordsyouchoosewillrevealsomethingaboutyouridentity.揭示，揭露(二)同义词语替换5．Theresearchalsofoundthatattitud

estofoodandweightvarywildlyaroundtheworld.differ6．Thissharedexperiencecreatedaveryspecialbondbetweenus.tie/connection7．Atrain

eddogcanactasaguidetoablindperson，whichisquitesignificantfortheirconvenience.workas(三)一词多义8．plantn．植物；工厂，发电厂v．种植；安插，安放(1)Afterreachingth

etopofthemountain，theyplantaflagthere.v.安插，安放(2)Itisessentialtowatereachplantasoftenasrequired.n.植物(3)Manyyearsfromnow，o

therworkerswillrousethesleepingseedsandplantthemwherethey’remostneeded.v.种植(4)Backonthatdatein1986，acloudofra

dioactivedustburstoutoftheChernobyl(切尔诺贝利)nuclearpowerplant.n.工厂，发电厂Ⅱ.长难句理解9．Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive，indirecteffectonthee

nvironment，whensolarenergyreplacesorreducestheuseofotherenergysourcesthathavelargereffectsontheenvironment.[句式分析]本句是一个主从复合句，句子的主干

为Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive，indirecteffectontheenvironment，主语是usingsolarenergy；when引导的是时间状语从句，此时when从句的主语是solarenergy,谓语为replaceso

rreduces，宾语为theuseofotherenergysources。that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词otherenergysources。[精美译文]当用太阳能替代或减少对环境有较大影响的其他能源的应用时，使用太阳能会对环境产生积极的、间接的影响。

10．Whileit’snotclearwhatthemandoesforaliving，I’mprettysurehehasalotofexperiencewithducks，asatonepointherevealsacertificatefor“fat

herofducklings”dated2005.[句式分析]本句是一个主从复合句。while引导的是让步状语从句，此时while＝although/though；as引导的是原因状语从句。[精美译文]虽然还不清楚这个人做什么工作，但我敢肯定他对

鸭子很有经验，因为他曾出示过他在2005年获得的“小鸭之父”的证书。强化练(十六)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2019·山西太原五中段考)FriendsalwaysaskwhyI，amiddle­agedwomanw

ithnoathletictalent，traveltoperilousplaces—thejunglesofThailandorBorneo，forexample，wherethewaterisoftenunsaf

eandthefoodrisky；placeswithinfectiousdiseases，poisonoussnakesandthewildestanimals；someplaceswherethelocalsarejus

tafewgenerationspastheadhunting.Ineverknowhowtoanswer.MytraveldecisionsassumedanewgravitynineyearsagoafterIsufferedastrok

e.Topreventanotherstroke，mydoctorstoldme，Iwouldhavetotakedangerouslyhighlevelsofbloodthinner(血液稀释剂)fortherestofmylifeandanytravelwouldberisky.I

hadtothinkaboutwhatwasimportanttome：family，ofcourse，andfriends.Butthenwhat？NomatterhowmanytimesIthoughtaboutit，nobucketlistwascompletewithouttra

vel.ThenIhadtodecidehowImightmanagetherisk.IhadtodecidehowluckyIfelt.Myreturntotravelaftermystrokecameinbabyst

eps.ThefirstrealtestofmytravelcouragecameninemonthsaftermystrokewhenIjoinedmyhusband，Jack，onabusinesstriptoChina.Afterwe’dtouredthere

mainsofaTangdynastytempleonahighmountain，Jackwantedtoridedownonatoboggan(长雪橇)．Beforethestrokeitwouldh

aveseemedlikefun.Butnow？Ihesitated.Mymentalklaxon(高音喇叭)screamedwarningsabouttheconsequencesofacut，afall，andacrash.Th

en，gainingconfidencefromwhoknowswhere，Iloweredmyselfcarefullyintothetoboggan，whichmarkedmyadventuretravelcomeback.Intheyearssincethen，I’ve

traveledabouttwenty­fivepercentofthetime.Throughitall，mylucksheldout—nodeadlyfalls，nocaraccidentsorseriousinfections.Forme，adventuretravelisariskwo

rthtaking.Travelbroadensmyworldandkeepsmeconnectedtonature.What’smore，saying“yes”totravelkeepsmeconnect

edtomyself.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者中风病愈后是如何重新开始旅行的。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perilous”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Unique.B．Dangerous.C．Historical.

D．Famous.答案B解析词义猜测题。第一段破折号后的内容是对perilousplace的解释说明，根据句意“例如，泰国或婆罗洲的丛林，那里的水往往不安全，食物也很危险；有传染病、毒蛇和野生动物的地方；有些地方的本地人刚刚过了猎头的时代。”可推知，画线词的意思是“危险的”

。故选B。2．Whatdidthedoctorsadvisetheauthortodo?A．Doproperexercise.B．Enjoytherestofherlife.C．Keepawayfromtraveling.D．Spendmoretimewithherfamily.答案C解析推理判断

题。根据第二段最后一句可知，我的医生告诉我，对我来说任何旅行都是有风险的，因此医生建议作者远离旅行。故选C。3．WhydidtheauthormentionhertraveltoChina?A．Itwasherlas

tadventure.B．Sherecoveredhercouragethroughit.C．ShelikedthebeautifulsceneryinChina.D．Itwasthemostdangerousexperienceinherlife.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段第二

句“ThefirstrealtestofmytravelcouragecameninemonthsaftermystrokewhenIjoinedmyhusband，Jack，onabusinesstriptoChina.”可知，作者之所以提到她的中国

之行是因为她通过这件事恢复了勇气。故选B。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ABusinessTriptoChinaB．UniqueTravelExperiencesC．Wh

yIStillTraveltotheWildD．HowIOvercametheFearofDisease答案C解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了作者在中风后是如何克服困难，重新获得勇气去旅行的。故选C。B(2019·江西师范大学附属中学三模)Alargebodyofre

searchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself­controldoso

withanobviousgoalinmind：Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened？Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource，astheresearc

hsuggests，whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself­control，wh

ichiscalledthe“outofsight，outofmind”principle.Onerecentstudy，forinstance，foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthed

eskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks，inplainsight.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself­

controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations，arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbelievethatone

’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather，peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve，savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosere

serves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself­controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillp

ower—atleasttoapoint.Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself­control

oftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison，

theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm，theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.S

imilarly，regularpracticesofself­controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.Theevidencefromwillpower­exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutions

onNewYear’sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas，soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inother

words，don’ttrytoquitsmoking，adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace，Bau

meistersays，you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillb

ecomeroutine，andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.语篇解读这是一篇议论文。短文列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚定。5．Fromt

hestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat.A．peoplehaveunlimitedself­controlB．highmotivationensuresone’ssuccessC．willpower

ishardlycompletelyexhaustedD．toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段第四、五句可知，研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。所以从文章中的研究

我们了解到意志力很难完全耗尽。故C选项正确。6．Theunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“”．A．makeuseofB．runoutofC．buildD．increase答案A解析词义猜测题。

由第三段“Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself­controlstrengthhasbe

enrundown.”可知，正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使我们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽，我们仍然可以继续前进。所以通过上下文的语境，判断出“tapinto”指“利用”，与makeuseof同义。故A选项正确。7．Theau

thorcomparesself­controltomuscles.A．toprovethelong­termeffectofwillpowerB．toshowthesignificanceofregularexerciseC．toarguethatself­controlcanhe

easilyusedupD．toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself­control答案D解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句的内容“虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪，但长期而言，它们会通过

经常锻炼而增强。同样，规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。”可知，两者相比是为了说明同一个道理：长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。故D选项正确。8．Todevelopagoodhabit，whichofthefollowin

gdoestheauthorprefer?A．“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.”B．“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.”C．“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.

”D．“Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.”答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句的内容“一个接一个地制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。”

可知，C项“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更喜欢这种目标。故C选项正确。Ⅱ.完形填空(2019·天津滨海七所重点学校联考)Howdidyoudoit，Dad?Howhaveyoumanagedno

ttotakeadrinkforalmost20years?Ittookmealmost20yearstohavethe9toevenaskmyfatherthisverypersonalquestion.WhenDadfirst10drinking，thewholef

amilywasonpinsandneedleseverytimehegotintoa11that，inthepast，wouldhavestartedhim12again.Forafewyearswewere13tobringitupforfeartha

tthedrinkingwouldbeginagain.“IhadthislittlepoemthatIwouldrecitetomyselfatleastfourtofivetimesaday，”wasDad’s14tomy18­year­oldunaskedquestion.“Th

ewordswereaconstant15tomethatthingswere16sohardthatIcouldnotdealwiththem，”Dadsaid.Thenhe17thepoemwithme.Thepoem’s18，yetprofoundwordsimmediatelybeca

me19ofmydailyroutineaswell.Aboutamonthafterthis20withmyfather，Ireceivedagiftinthemailfromafriendofmine.Itwasabookofdailysayingsofwisdomw

ithone21foreachdayoftheyear.Ithasbeenmy22thatwhenyougetsomethingwithdaysoftheyearonit，younaturallyturntothepagethatli

stsyourown23.I24openedthebooktoNovember10tosee25wordsofwisdomthisbookhadinstoreforme.Iwas26whenIlookedatthepage，andthentearsofdisbeliefandappreciatio

n27downmyface.There，onmybirthday，wastheexactsamepoemthathad28myfatherforalltheseyears!ItiscalledTheSerenity(平静)Praye

r.GodgrantmetheserenitytoacceptthethingsIcannotchange；thecouragetochangethethingsIcan；andthewisdomtoknowthedifference.语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

作者一直对父亲成功戒酒的原因很好奇，最后作者鼓起勇气问父亲才得知，父亲是通过一首小诗在激励他自己戒酒，小诗的意思是“冷静地接受不能改变的，有勇气改变可以改变的，并有智慧地来区别这两者。”让作者感动的是这首小诗恰恰出现在日历书中作者生日的那一页上。9．A.chanceB．cour

ageC．abilityD．right答案B解析chance机会；courage勇气；ability能力；right正确，权利。将近二十年来“我”第一次鼓起勇气(courage)问父亲这个极其私人的问题。故正确答案为B。10．A.gaveupB．tooku

pC．wentonD．carriedon答案A解析giveup放弃；takeup拿起；goon继续；carryon继续，参与。由上下文可知，父亲不沾酒快二十年了。起初他戒酒(giveupdrinking)时，全家都坐立不安，怕他戒酒失败。故选A。11．A.wayB．habitC．s

ituationD．house答案C解析way方式；habit习惯；situation情况；house房屋。由句意可知，起初父亲戒酒时，每次遇到需要喝酒的情况(situation)，家人都坐立不安，因为这有可能

让他重新酗酒。故选C。12．A.recitingB．askingC．smokingD．drinking答案D解析recite背诵；ask询问；smoke吸烟；drink喝酒。由下文可知，家人害怕父亲戒酒失败，再次酗酒(drink)。故选D。13．A.sureB．uncertainC．afraid

D．eager答案C解析sure确信的；uncertain含糊的；afraid害怕的；eager渴望的。从父亲戒酒时起，好几年的时间里，家人都不敢提起他戒酒的事，生怕(afraid)他前功尽弃。故选C。14．A.replyB．wordsC．excuseD．explanation答案A解析r

eply回答；words话语；excuse借口；explanation解释。父亲对“我”十八年来的疑问作出回答(reply)说：“我每天都背诵同一首小诗四五遍。”故选A。15．A.fearB．imaginationC．thoughtD．remi

nder答案D解析fear害怕；imagination想象力；thought思想；reminder提醒。由句意可知，父亲每天背诵的那首小诗，是给他自己的一个提醒。故选D。16．A.neverB．seldomC．alwaysD．ever答案A解析never从不

；seldom很少，几乎不；always总是；ever曾经。由文章可知，父亲戒酒成功了，这归功于那首小诗提醒他世上无难事(thingswereneversohard)，只怕有心人。故选A。17．A.discussedB．sharedC．of

feredD．talked答案B解析discuss讨论；share分享；offer提供；talk交谈。父亲说完就和“我”分享(sharewithme)了那首小诗。故选B。18．A.wonderfulB．longC．simpleD．bo

ring答案C解析wonderful极好的；long长的；simple简单的；boring无聊的。由文章最后一段可知，这首小诗是简单的(simple)。故选C。19．A.allB．thatC．anyD．part答案D解析all全部；that那个；any任何；

part部分。这首简单而又深刻的诗句，成了我日常生活的一部分(part)。故选D。20．A.talkB．quarrelC．tripD．lesson答案A解析talk谈话；quarrel争吵；trip旅行；le

sson课程。由上文可知，父亲和“我”进行了一次谈话(talk)，谈到了他戒酒成功是因为那首小诗。故选A。21．A.listedB．includedC．readD．said答案A解析list列出；include包含；read阅读；say说。这是一本格

言书。一年365天每个日子都与一句格言相对应，罗列(list)在书中。故选A。22．A.methodB．experienceC．wealthD．message答案B解析method方法；experience经验，经历；wealth财富；message消息。由句意可知，有些书按照一年365

天的日期顺序安排书中的内容，每当拿到这类书时，“我”都根据经验(experience)翻到自己生日那天。故选B。23．A.characterB．birthdayC．qualitiesD．favorites答案B解析character性格；birthd

ay生日；quality品质；favorite特别喜爱的事物。由下文可知，“我”把书翻到了11月10日，看书中为“我”列出的格言。所以“我”翻到的是写有自己生日的那一页。故正确答案为B。24．A.doubtfullyB．carefullyC．happilyD．hurriedly答案D解析doubt

fully怀疑地；carefully仔细地；happily快乐地；hurriedly匆忙地。由上文可知，作者拿到这类书时，会自然地翻到印着自己生日的那一页，所以作者急忙打开书，查看自己生日那天的格言。故选D。25．A.whereB．whetherC．whatD．how答案C解析

where在哪里；whether是否；what什么；how如何。由句意可知，作者打开11月10日那一页，看看这本书为自己准备的格言是什么(what)。故选C。26．A.excitedB．astonishedC．di

sappointedD．frightened答案B解析excited激动的；astonished吃惊的；disappointed失望的；frightened害怕的。由下文可知，“我”打开那一页，看到给“我”的格言正是父亲跟我讲的那首诗，这个巧合让“我”很惊讶(

astonished)。故选B。27．A.hungB．pulledC．rolledD．pushed答案C解析hang悬挂；pull拉；roll滚落；push推。由句意可知，难以置信和感激的泪水滚落(ro

ll)下来。故选C。28．A.troubledB．disturbedC．pleasedD．helped答案D解析trouble麻烦，使苦恼；disturb打扰；please使满意；help帮助。由上文可知，这首诗帮助(help)父亲戒酒成功。

故选D。Ⅲ.语法填空AlmostalltheicecoveringtheBeringSeahasmelted(融化)，scientistshaveconfirmed,29.(throw)communitieslivi

ngaround30.(it)shoresintodisorder.Theregion’sicecover31.(normal)lastsforatleastanothermonth，andthisyearithasdisappearedearlierthananyotheryearexcept2

017.Livingin32.northernPacificOceanbetweenAlaskaandRussia，theBeringSeaisexperiencingtheclimatechangeandhasdrawnatte

ntionthisyearforrecord­breakinglevelsofwintermelting.InFebruary，risingArctictemperatures33.(lead)toaroundhalftheregion’sdisappearingi

nthespaceoftwoweeks.Areport34.(send)bytheInternationalArcticResearchCentreattheUniversityofAlaskaFairbankshasoutlin

edthereal­worldeffectsofthesesurprisingenvironmental35.(change)onthemanycommunities36.liveintheBeringSearegion.Inthei

rreport，theInternationalArcticResearchCentrescientistswrotethatwhilenoteveryyearwillbeasbadasthisone，ice37.(form)islikelytoremai

nlowiftheBeringSea’swatersremainwarm.Theyalsowarnthatcommunitieswillneedto“prepareformorewinters38.lowseaicea

ndstormyconditions”．语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。几乎所有覆盖白令海的冰都已经融化，影响了周围地区的生活。29．答案throwing解析考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词hasmelted

，故此处需要非谓语动词。在句中作结果状语，与其逻辑主语“alltheicecoveringtheBeringSeahasmelted”为主谓关系，要用其现在分词形式，故填throwing。30．答案its解析考查形容词性物主代词。句意为：科学家们已经证实，几乎所有覆盖白令海的冰都已融

化，使生活在其海岸周围的社区陷入混乱。分析句子可知空格处修饰shores，是指白令海的海岸，故填its。31．答案normally解析考查副词。空格处修饰动词last，要用副词，故填normally。32．答案the解析考查冠词。northernPacificOcea

n为北太平洋，海洋、江河、海峡、海湾名称前一般要加定冠词the，故填the。33．答案led解析考查动词的时态。分析句子可知，lead在句中为谓语，与主语之间是主动关系，根据时间状语InFebruary可知应用一般过去时，故

填led。34．答案sent解析考查过去分词。分析句子可知，此处需要非谓语动词。空格处与其逻辑主语areport之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，要用send的过去分词形式作后置定语，故填sent。35．答案changes解析考查名词单复数。change为可数名词，根据these可知

，要用其复数形式，故填changes。36．答案which/that解析考查定语从句。分析句子可知，liveintheBeringSearegion为定语从句，缺少引导词。先行词为manycommunities，指物，引导词在从句中作主语，所以用whi

ch/that引导。故填which/that。37．答案formation解析考查名词。句意为：在他们的报告中，国际北极研究中心的科学家写道，虽然不是每年都会像这次一样糟糕，但如果白令海的水域保持温暖，冰的形成(概率)可能会很低。空格处作句子的主

语，要填名词，form的名词形式为formation，且iceformation为固定搭配，意为“冻结成冰，成冰作用”符合句意。故填formation。38．答案with解析考查介词。句意为：他们还警告社区要为以后更多具有低海浮冰和暴风雨天气状况的冬天做准备。with意为“具有，带有

”，符合句意，此处作winter的后置定语。