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SectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage重点单词写作词汇1.staffn．全体员工；手杖2.divorcen.离婚；断绝关系vt.与……离婚；与……脱离3.part－timeadj.兼职的4.navyn.海

军；海军部队5.boundadj.一定的；密切相关的拓展词汇6.talentn．天才；特殊能力；才干→talentedadj.天才的7.receivern．收件人；接收机；电话听筒→receivevt.收到8.obeyvt.&vi.服从；顺从→disobey(反义词)vt.&vi.不服

从；违抗9.theoreticaladj.理论(上)的；假设的→theoryn．理论10.assessmentn．评价；评定→assessv．评价；评定11.junioradj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低

的n．年少者；晚辈；等级较低者→senior(反义词)adj.资格较老的；地位较高的n．较年长者阅读词汇12.mailboxn.(美)邮筒；信箱13.digitaladj.数字的；数码的；手指的；脚趾的14.grandadj.大的；豪华的；雄伟的1

5.biographyn.(由他人撰写的)传记；传记文学16.chaptern．(书中的)章；篇；回17.frameworkn.框架；结构18.thinkingn.思想；思考19.holyadj.神的；上帝的；圣洁的重点短语1.se

t__aside将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)2.be__junior__than比……年幼；比……位低3.be__bound__to...一定要……4.help__sb.out帮助某人摆脱困境5.have__a__talent__for有……才华6.in__all一共；总计

7.at__one__time曾经；一度8.be__attached__to喜欢；依恋9.take__sb./sth.seriously认真对待某人/某物10.as__long__as只要重点句型1.withwhich引导的定语从句，在句中作方式状语：Asimov

hadbothanextraordinaryimaginationthatgavehimtheabilitytoexplorefutureworldsandanamazingmindwith__which__he_

_searched__for__explanations(他用这作出解释)ofeverything,inthepresentandthepast.2．the＋比较级，the＋比较级：Aswithanything,

the__more__you__practise,__the__better__you__become(你练习得越多，就变得越好).Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．WhatkindofbooksisIsaac

Asimovbestknownfor?A．Mysterystories.B．Scienceandhistorybooks.C．BooksabouttheHolyBible.D．Sciencefictionstories.2．HowoldwasIsa

acAsimovwhenhebecameabiochemistryteacheratBostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine?A．22.B．28.C．29.D．38.3．WhichofthefollowingisNO

Ttrue?A．IsaacAsimovwasborninRussiainJanuary，1920.B．IsaacAsimovbegantowritenovelsin1939.C．IsaacAsimovmovedtoAm

ericawithhisparentswhenhewasthreeyearsold.D．IsaacAsimovpublishedhisfirstsciencebookin1953.4．ThemainideaofthefifthparagraphisaboutIsa

acAsimov’s________．A．birthdateandplaceB．educationC．awardsD．familylife答案：1－4.DCBC①biography[baI'ɒɡrəfI]n.(由他人撰写的)传记；传记文学②ho

ly['həʊlI]adj.神的；上帝的；圣洁的③bebestknownfor因……最负盛名④imagination[IˌmædʒI'neIʃn]n.想象(力)；创造力；幻想物⑤explorevt.探索；探险⑥searchfor搜

寻，寻找⑦asaresultof作为……的结果同义短语：asaconsequenceof⑧transfusion[træns'fjuːʒn]n.输血abloodtransfusion输血⑨runastore经营一家店⑩pregnantadj.怀孕的bepre

gnantwith怀有身孕的⑪part-time['pɑːtaIm]adj.兼职的(反)full-time专职的，全职的⑫helpout帮助脱离困境；解决难题⑬master’sdegree硕士学位amaster’sdegre

e＋in＋学科某学科的硕士学位⑭staff[stɑːf]n.全体员工；手杖staff作主语，看作整体时谓语动词用单数；强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。⑮navy['neIvI]n.海军；海军部队⑯junior['dʒuːnIə]adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的n．年少者；晚辈；等级较低者

bejuniorto比……低级/年少⑰PhD＝DoctorofPhilosophy哲学博士学位；博士学位⑱biochemistry[ˌbaIəʊ'kemIstrI]n.生物化学⑲talent['tælənt]n.天才；特殊能力；才干(＋forsth.)haveata

lentfor有……的天赋⑳chapter['tʃæptə]n.(书中的)章；篇；回○21take...astreat...aslookon...asregard...asthinkof...as把……当作○22awardn．奖，奖品vt.给……颁奖；授予……奖w

inanawardfor因……而获奖○23theFoundation[faʊn'deIʃn]trilogy['trIlədʒI]《基地》三部曲○24empire['empaIə]n.帝国○25gala

xyn．银河系；星系○26bebasedon以……为基础○27theoretical[θIə'retIkl]adj.理论(上)的；假设的○28framework['freImwɜːk]n.框架；结构○29

bedesignedtodo目的是去做；被设计用于做bedesignedfor适用于○30thinking['θIŋkIŋ]n.思想；思考○31statevt.陈述○32influencevt.&n．影响○33artificialadj.人造的；非天然的；非真实的○34inte

lligencen．智力；才能artificialintelligence人工智能○35divorce[dI'vɔːs]n.离婚；断绝关系vt.与……离婚；与……脱离ABIOGRAPHY①OFISAACASIMO

VIsaacAsimovwasanAmericanscientistandwriterwhowrotearound480booksthatincludedmysterystories,scienceandhistorybooks,andevenbooksabout

theHoly②BibleandShakespeare.Butheisbestknownfor③hissciencefictionstories.Asimovhadbothanextraordinaryimaginat

ion④thatgavehimtheabilitytoexplore⑤futureworldsandanamazingmindwithwhichhesearchedfor⑥explanationsofeverything,inthepresentandthepast.◆a

nAmerican...Shakespeare含有两个定语从句。whowrote...是who引导的定语从句，修饰anAmericanscientistandwriter;thatincluded...是that引导的定语从句，修饰books。◆Asimovhad.

..past.中had后连接两个宾语，两个宾语由both...and...连接。其中thatgavehim...是that引导的定语从句，修饰imagination,withwhichhe...是withwhich引导的定语从句，修饰mind。Asimov’slifebegan

inRussia,wherehewasbornon2January,1920.ItendedinNewYorkon6April,1992，whenhediedasaresultof⑦anHIVinfec

tionthathehadgotfromabloodtransfusion⑧nineyearsearlier.◆wherehewasborn...是where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Russia。◆Ite

nded...earlier.中whenhedied...是when引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰6April,1992，其中，asaresultof引导原因状语，thathehad...是that引导的定语从句，修饰anHIVi

nfection。WhenAsimovwasthree,hemovedwithhisparentsandhisone-year-oldsistertoNewYorkCity.Therehisparentsboughtacandystorewhichtheyran⑨forthe

next40orsoyears.Attheageofnine,whenhismotherwaspregnant⑩withherthirdchild,Asimovstartedworkingpart-time⑪inthestore.Hehelpedout⑫

throughhisschoolanduniversityyearsuntil1942,ayearafterhehadgainedamaster’sdegree⑬inchemistry.In1942hejoinedthestaff

⑭ofthePhiladelphiaNavy⑮Yardasajunior⑯chemistandworkedthereforthreeyears.In1948hegothisPhD⑰inchemistry.Thenextyea

rhebecameabiochemistry⑱teacheratBostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine.In1958hegaveupteachingtobecomeafull-t

imewriter.◆whichtheyran...是which引导的限制性定语从句，修饰acandystore。ItwaswhenAsimovwaselevenyearsoldthathistalent⑲forwritingb

ecameobvious.Hehadtoldafriendtwochapters⑳ofastoryhehadwritten.Thefriendthoughthewasretellingastoryfromabo

ok.ThisreallysurprisedAsimovandfromthatmoment,hestartedtotakehimselfseriouslyas○21awriter.Asimovbeganhavingstoriespublishedinsciencefi

ctionmagazinesin1939.In1950hepublishedhisfirstnovelandin1953hisfirstsciencebook.◆ItwaswhenAsimovwase

levenyearsoldthat...是强调句型，强调的是时间状语从句whenAsimovwaselevenyearsold。◆hehadwritten是定语从句，修饰先行词astory。◆havi

ngstoriespublished是havesth.done结构，done作宾补。Throughouthislife,Asimovreceivedmanyawards○22,bothforhissciencefictionbooksandhissciencebo

oks.Amonghismostfamousworksofsciencefiction,oneforwhichhewonanawardwastheFoundationtrilogy○23(1951－1953),

threenovelsaboutthedeathandrebirthofagreatempire○24inagalaxy○25ofthefuture.Itwaslooselybasedon○26thefalloftheRomanEmpirebutwasaboutthefuture.T

hesebooksarefamousbecauseAsimovinventedatheoretical○27framework○28whichwasdesignedto○29showhowideasandthinking○30maydevelopi

nthefuture.Heisalsowellknownforhiscollectionofshortstories,I,Robot(1950),inwhichhedevelopedasetofthree“laws”forrobots.Forexample,thefirstlawstates○3

1thatarobotmustnotinjurehumanbeingsorallowthemtobeinjured.Someofhisideasaboutrobotslaterinfluenced○32otherwriters

andevenscientistsresearchingintoartificial○33intelligence○34.◆forwhichhewonanaward是forwhich引导的定语从句，修饰先行

词one。for表示“因为”。◆whichwasdesignedto...是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词atheoreticalframework。◆inwhich引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词I，Robot。◆researchin

gintoartificialintelligence是现在分词作后置定语。Asimovwasmarriedtwice.Hemarriedhisfirstwifein1942andhadasonandadaughter.Theirmarriagelasted31y

ears.Soonafterhisdivorce○35in1973,Asimovmarriedagainbuthehadnochildrenwithhissecondwife.艾萨克·阿西莫夫传艾萨克·阿西莫夫是美国的科学家兼作家，他写过大约480本书，包括怪诞小说、科学和历史方面的书

，甚至还写过有关《圣经》和莎士比亚的书。但是，他最有名的作品是他的科幻小说。阿西莫夫不仅有超凡的想象力，使他能对未来世界进行探索，而且还有惊人的智力，使他能对现在的和过去的各种事物作出解释。阿西莫夫的一生从俄罗斯开始，他生于1920年1月2日；阿西莫夫的一生在纽约结束，他于1992年4月6日去世。

他是因为9年前的一次输血中感染了艾滋病病毒而去世的。阿西莫夫3岁的时候，就随同父母和年仅一岁的妹妹迁到纽约。在那儿，他的父母买下了一家糖果店，后来一直经营了大约40年。阿西莫夫9岁的时候，母亲怀了第三个孩子，他就开始在糖果店里做兼职

工作了。他读中小学和大学的那段时期都在糖果店里帮忙，一直到1942年，也就是他获得化学硕士学位一年以后他才停止糖果店的工作。1942年他成为费城海军造船厂的一名初级化学师，并在那里工作了三年。1948年他获得化学博士学位。第二年他在波士顿

大学的医学院任生化教员。1958年他放弃了教学工作成为专职作家。早在阿西莫夫11岁的时候，他的写作才华就已经显露出来了。他把他写的小说中的两个章节念给一个朋友听，这个朋友还以为他是在复述某本书上的故事呢。这使阿西莫夫很惊讶，从那以后，他就开始

认真地从事写作了。1939年，阿西莫夫开始在科幻杂志上发表故事，1950年出版了他的第一部小说，1953年出版了他的第一部科学书籍。阿西莫夫一生中多次获过奖，既有科幻小说奖，也有科学书籍奖。在他那些最负盛名的科幻小说中，有一部获奖作品叫做《基地》三部曲(1951－1953)，由三本小说组

成，讲的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡与再生。基本素材取自罗马帝国的衰败，但讲的是有关未来的事情。这些书之所以有名，是因为阿西莫夫创造了一种理论框架，用以阐述各种想法在未来可能会如何发展。他的短篇小说集《我，机器人》(1950)也是享有盛名的。在这本书里他提出

机器人的三大“原则”。举例来说，第一条原则就规定机器人不得伤害人类，也不能允许人类受到伤害。他有关机器人的一些想法后来影响了其他作家，甚至影响了那些从事人工智能研究的科学家们。阿西莫夫结过两次婚。他于1942年同他的第一任妻子结婚，生有一儿一女。这次婚姻持续了31年。1973年离婚后不久，阿西莫

夫又结婚了，但是他与第二任妻子没有生育儿女。setaside将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)(教材P13)Hefelthappywhenhisbossstatedthathecouldsetasides

ometimeforexercise.当老板说他可以抽出些时间来锻炼身体时，他感到很高兴。setabout(doing)开始(做)，着手(做)setout(＋todo)出发；开始(做某事)setdown记下；放下seto

ff出发，动身，起程setup成立；设立；安排①Hesetasidehisownbusinessandcameheretodomeafavour.他把自己的事情放在一边来帮我的忙。②Isincerelyhope

youcansetasidesometimeforourEnglishspeechcontestandbeajudge.我真诚地希望你能为我们的英语演讲比赛抽出一点时间并担任评委。[即学即练]——用set的相关短语填空①Hewillset__downallhisimportantt

houghtsinhisdiarywhentheyarefreshinhismind.②Theschoolhasset__upaspecialclasstohelpthosepoorlearners.③Havingsaidgoodbyet

otheirfriends,theyset__off/outfortheirdestination.④Weset__outtopaintthewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpart.＝Weset_

_aboutpaintingthewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpart.[能力提升]——词汇升级⑤(普通表达)Isincerelyhopeyoucansavesometimefortheartfeast.(高级表达)Isincerelyhopeyouc

anset__asidesometimefortheartfeast.inall一共；总计(教材P14)Thereweresixtyinall.共有60张卡片。notatall根本不，一点儿也不aboveall最重要

的是afterall毕竟；终究firstofall首先；最重要的是allinall总之；总的说来①Thereare2，000peopleinallwhoareinfavourofhisplan.一共有2000人支持他的计划。②Childr

enneedmanythings,butabovealltheyneedlove.孩子们需要很多东西，但最需要的是爱。[即学即练]——用all的相关短语填空①All__in__all,__everyroadleadstoRome,soIbelievehardworkpa

ysoff.②Don’tbelievetheadvertisement.After__all,__itisthecustomerswhopayforwhatevertheyaregiven.③First__of__all,__youcantalkaboutAmerican

customsandfestivalsbecauseChinesestudentsareinterestedinthem.junioradj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的n．年少者；晚辈；等级较低者(教材P16)In1942hejoinedthestaffoft

hePhiladelphiaNavyYardasajuniorchemistandworkedthereforthreeyears.1942年他成为费城海军造船厂的一名初级化学师，并在那里工作了三年。(1)bejuniortosb.比某人资历浅/年轻(2)AisjuniortoBb

ytwoyears.AistwoyearsjuniortoB.A比B小两岁。(3)beseniorto比……资格老/年纪大①Heisjuniortohiscolleaguesinhiscompany，buthehasgreateramb

ition.他比公司里的同事资历浅，但是他有更大的抱负。②Mybrotherisjuniortomebyseveralyears.我弟弟比我小好几岁。[能力提升]——微写作他总是仰慕比他地位高的人，而瞧不起比他地位低的人。Healwayslooksuptothosewhoare__senior_

_tohiminrank,andlooksdownuponthosewhoare__junior__tohim.talentn．天才，人才；特殊能力；才干(教材P16)ItwaswhenAsimovwaselevenyearsoldthathistalentforwritingbecameob

vious.早在阿西莫夫11岁的时候，他的写作才华就已经显露出来了。(1)haveatalent/giftfor有……的天资/天赋showatalentfor表现出……才能(2)betalented/giftedin/at在……方面有才能①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)

Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly，sayingthatIhadatalentforfootball.所有的足球运动员在操场上大声欢呼，说我在足球方面很有天赋。②Sheshowedatalentforsingingatanearly

age.她在很小的时候就显示出了唱歌的天赋。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①(2019·北京卷)Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalented(talent

)individuals.②Hehadagiftformusicwhenhewasjust6yearsold，soweallconsiderhimtobeatalented(talent)musician.divorcen．离婚；断绝关

系vt.与……离婚；与……脱离(教材P16)Soonafterhisdivorcein1973，Asimovmarriedagainbuthehadnochildrenwithhissecondwife.1973年离婚后不久，阿西莫夫又结婚了，但是他与第

二任妻子没有生育儿女。(1)getadivorcefromsb.与某人离婚divorce...from...使……与……脱离(2)divorcedadj.离婚的，离异的；脱离……的getdivorced离婚①Atlast,shegota

divorcefromherhusbandafterhegotdisabledinanaccident.最终，在她丈夫在一次事故中致残后，她和他离婚了。②Weshouldn’tdivorcetheoryfrompractice.我们不应该

把理论与实践分离。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Inmodernlivesmanypeopletendtogetdivorced(divorce)whentheyareunhappywitheachother.②Itisabsurdthatheisunabletodivorce

fantasyfromreality.obeyvt.&vi.服从；顺从(教材P18)Arobotmustobeytheordersgiventoitbyhumanbeings(aslongashumanbeingsarenotinjured)．机器人必须

服从人类发出的命令(只要人类不受伤)。(1)obeythetrafficrules遵守交通规则(2)disobeyvt.&vi.不服从；违抗(反义词)①Rulesofonlinevotingshouldbeworkedou

tandstrictlyobeyed.应该制定网络投票的规则并严格遵守。②Ifyoukeepondisobeyingtherules，youwillbepunished.如果你继续违反规则，你将受到惩罚。[能力提升]——完成句子①Asajuniorclerk,youm

ustobey__a__senior__officer(服从上级)atalltimes.②Ifeveryoneobeys__the__traffic__rules(遵守交通规则),safetywillbemuchimprov

ed.介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句(教材P16)Asimovhadbothanextraordinaryimaginationthatgavehimtheabilitytoexplorefutureworldsandan

amazingmindwithwhichhesearchedforexplanationsofeverything,inthepresentandthepast.阿西莫夫不仅有超凡的想象力，使他能对未来世界进行探索，而且还有惊人的智力，使他能对现在的和过去

的各种事物作出解释。若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。①Ourclassismadeupof56students,allofw

homarefriendlyanddiligent.我们班由56位学生组成，所有学生都很友好并且勤奋。②RecentlyIboughtanancientvase，thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.最近我

买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Motherboughtmanytomatoesfromthemarkettwodaysago,mostofwhichhavegonebadbecauseofthebadweather.[能力提升]——句式升级②(普通

表达)Ourclassalsohasproblemsofitsown,andoneofthemisthestudents’laziness.(高级表达)Ourclassalsohasproblemsofit

sown,one__of__whichisthestudents’laziness.(定语从句)Ⅰ品句填词1．Theyoungmanisfondofliteraturesomuchthatweallthinkheisbou

nd(一定会)tobeanovelistoneday.2．Themovefromjunior(初级的)toseniorhighschoolisanimportantoccasionthatcanbecele

bratedinmanyways.3．Theyquarrelledalotandeventuallyendedindivorce(离婚)．4．Don’tlookdownuponthemaninordinaryclothes.Heistheownerofthegrand(豪华的)hot

el.5．Everybodyshouldobey(遵守)thelaw,orhewillbepunished.6．IopenedabankaccountafterImade$1，000bydoingapart­

time(兼职的)jobduringthesummervacation.7．Thestaff(全体员工)intherestaurantarepolite，withsmilesontheirfacesallthetime.8．Heisanofficerinthe

navy(海军)andhiswifeworksinabank.9．Mymotherboughtadigital(数码的)camerayesterdayfromtheInternet.10．Itisobviousthatyourdaughterhasagreataffection(喜爱)forCh

inesefolkmusic.Ⅱ选词填空testout;infavourof;turnaround;leave...alone;inall;setaside;ringup;intime1．Leavey

ourfatheralone.Heispreparinganimportantreportinhisstudy.2．Duetothetrafficjam,wegottotheairportbytaxijustin__timetocheckin.3．Generallyspeaking

,allthenewproductsneedtobetested__outbeforetheycomeontothemarket.4．It’sreportedthat3，000runnersin__allwilltakepartintheraceth

isweekend.5．Havingrealizedshehadleftherwalletintherestaurant,Mrs.Greenturned__aroundandranfasttowardit.6．Somepeopleinter

viewedwerein__favour__ofsendingtheirchildrenabroadforfurtherstudy.7．Youmaysavesomemoney,sincetheseplacesoftenset__asideoneortwofreeadmissionda

ysduringtheweekatslowtimes.8．IrangAlexupthisafternoon,buthedidn’tanswerthephone.Ⅲ完成句子1．你的想法不现实，因此你的父母不会让你从大学退学办公司的。Yourideaisnotpractical,so

yourparentswon’t__have__you__leaving__university__to__set__upacompany.2．你的女儿在绘画方面很有天赋，因此你应该让她学习绘画。Yourdaught

erhas__a__great__talent__forpainting,soyoushouldletherstudypainting.3．母亲的坚强意志给他留下了深刻的印象，因此面对困难，他从不退缩。Hewas__greatly__impressed__byhismother’s

strongwill,sohenevergaveupwhenfacingdifficulties.4．很奇怪，他今天竟然缺席那么重要的会议。It__was__strange__thatheshouldhavebe

enabsentfromsuchanimportantmeetingtoday.5．当她走出大门口，那里停着一辆黑色小汽车。Whenshewentoutofthegate,there__parked__a__black__c

ar．Ⅳ课文语法填空IsaacAsimovwasanAmericanscientistandwriter1.who/thatwroteabout480books.Andheisbestknownforhissciencefictionstories.Asi

movhadanextraordinary2.imagination(image)andanamazingmind.AsimovwasborninRussiain1920.Threeyearslater,hisfamilymovedtoNewYorkCity.At3.the

ageof9,Asimovbeganworkingpart­timeinhisparents’store.Hehelpedoutthroughhisschoolanduniversityyearsuntil1942.ItwaswhenAsimovwas11yearsold

thathistalent4.forwritingbecameobvious.Hebegantotake5.himself(him)seriouslyasawriter.In1939,Asimovstartedhavinghisstories6.pu

blished(publish)insciencefictionmagazines.In1950,hepublishedhisfirstnovelandin1953hisfirstsciencebook.In1958,hegaveup7.teac

hing(teach)andbecameafull-timewriter.Throughouthislife,Asimovreceivedmany8.awards(award),bothforhissciencefict

ionbooksandhissciencebooks,TheFoundationtrilogy,9.loosely(loose)basedonthefalloftheRomanEmpirebutaboutthefuture,wasoneofhism

ostfamoussciencefictionworks.Heisalsowellknownforhiscollectionofshortstories,I,Robot.Asimovwasmarriedtwice.

In1992,he10.died(die)inNewYorkbecauseofanHIVinfection.Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Aliceisoutgoingandhasagreattalentformakingfriendswithstrangers.2．This

internationallanguageisbasedonthesoundsofEnglish.3．Relax.You’reboundto__pass(pass)theexamsinceyouhavedo

nesomuchwork.4．Thedriverdisobeyed(obey)thetrafficrulesandparkedhiscarillegally.Asaresult,hewasfined200yuan.5．Shefeltquitealarmed(alarm)whenshewasa

skedtogototheheadmaster’soffice.6．Myfatherenjoysscanning(scan)themorningnewspaperwhenwearehavingbreakfast.7．ItwasonSeptember16ththatMexicodecl

ared(declare)independencefromSpain.8．ItwaswhenImadetheseriousmistakethatIrealizedIshouldtakeothers’adviceser

iously.9．Havingworkedforjustafewdays，Richardwasjuniortothosewhohadbeeninthecompanyforalongtime.10．Youdon’thavetotakehi

swordsseriously(serious),becauseheneverkeepshisword.Ⅱ阅读理解AHibernation(冬眠)allowsananimaltoslowitslifesupport

systems.Thissavesenergy,andpreventstheanimal’sbodyfromrequiringadditionalfoodandwaterwhileitsleeps.Th

eanimal’sbodytemperaturealsodrops,andmostofthewarmthisnearandaroundtheimportantorgans.Manysmallwarm­bloodedanimalshib

ernateduringthewinter,likethedormouse,groundsquirrel,andwoodchuck.Theseanimalsneedtohibernateforpartoftheyear,andoncethi

sprocessbegins,theyareextremelydifficulttowakeup.Thebodytemperatureofadormouse,forexample,dropstojustabovezero,anditsheartb

eatsonlyafewtimeseachminute.Someoftheseanimalswillwakeupperiodicallytoeat,butothersstayinthisdeepsleepforuptosixmon

ths.Bearsalsosleepthroughthewintermonths;however,manyscientistsdon’tclassifythemastruehibernators.Thisisbecausetheydon’tgothroughthesamedegreeofph

ysiologicalchangesthatotherhibernatinganimalsdo.Forexample,whileabear’sheartrateandbreathingslow,itsbod

ytemperaturedoesn’tfallverymuch.Alongwithsomebats,bearsarealsorelativelyeasytowakeup.Mostbearsdelivertheiryoungduri

ngthewinter,andsomotherbearsmustbecomesomewhatconsciousduringthebirthingprocesstoproperlytendtheirbabies.Insects,reptiles

(爬行动物)andotherspecies,includingsomefish,alsohibernate.Sincetheycannotmaintaintheirbodytemperatureslikewarm­bloodedani

mals,manycold­bloodedanimalsfindsheltersincavesorundergroundtoprotectthemselvesduringthewinter.Somewetlandcr

eatures—aswellasfish—oftenburythemselvesinmudatthebottomofalakeorpond.Thisnotonlyprotectsthecreaturefromthebadweather,italsopreventstherunningw

aterfromwashingthecreaturedownstreamandguardsitfrombeingeatenbyanimalsthatdon’thibernate.However,whilemostanimalseatextrafoodbeforehibernatingandus

ethestoredfattogetthemthroughthewinter,reptilessurviveonglycogen(糖原),anenergystoragemolecule.【解题导语】本文

是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动物冬眠的一些知识。1．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A．Animals’organscannotworkduringhibernation.B．Warm

­bloodedanimalsaremorelikelytohibernate.C．Squirrelswon’tbedisturbedeasilyduringhibernation.D．Mostsmallanimalswakeupperiodically

tofeedthemselvesduringhibernation.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的Theseanimalsneedtohibernate...areextremelydifficulttowakeup.可

知，松鼠冬眠时一般不容易醒来。2．Whatpreventsbearsbeingcalledrealhibernators?A．Theirheartrateincreases.B．Theysleepforashorttimeinwinters

.C．Theyeatlittlefoodbeforehibernating.D．Theirbodytemperaturefallsalittle.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Forexample,whileabear’sheartra

teandbreathingslow,itsbodytemperaturedoesn’tfallverymuch.可知，熊类在冬眠时体温下降不大，因此有些专家认为它们并不是真正的冬眠。3．Whydosomewetlandfishgetthem

selvesburiedinmudinwinter?A．Tolookformorefood.B．Toavoidbeingwashedaway.C．Toguaranteetheirdeepsleep.D．Togetawayfromthestrongsunl

ight.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的italsopreventstherunningwaterfromwashingthecreaturedownstream可知，这些鱼这样做可以保护自己不被水冲走。BWhenBetabrandrecognizedtha

tknitwearwasbecomingapopularlookinrunningshoes,thecompanyaskedusersofitswebsitewhatkindsoffootweartheyliked.Usingthosean

swers,theclothingmanufacturerhaditsversionoftheshoeavailableonthewebsiteinjustoneweek.Whattheuserssawwasathreedimensional(3-D

)pictureoftherunningshoe.Theimagehadheight,widthanddepth.However,nosuchfootwearexistedyet.Normally,itwouldtakesixtoninemonthstocreateatradit

ionalmodeloftheshoe.Buyersstillneededtowaitafewmonthsfortherealshoetobemanufactured.Yettheuseofdigitaltechnologyindesig

ningandsellingmeansnewfashionproductsaregettingtopeoplefasterthanundertheoldsystem.“Thewebattentionspanisshort,soifyoucandevelopandcreate

theproductinashorttime,youcanbearealproductdevelopmentmachine，”notedChrisLindland,CEOofBetabrand.Theuseof3­Dimagingisa

bigculturalchangeforclothingmakers.Foryears,designerscreatedimagesonpaper;adesigngotapproved;andthenima

geswenttoafactorythatcreatedprototypes(原型).Designersanddevelopersmadechangesandsentprototypesbackandforth.Onceafinalversionwasapp

roved,itwassenttothefactorytobecopiedformassproduction.Fromstarttofinish,theprocesscouldtakeaslongasayear.Now,somecompani

eshavedesignerscreatingimagesonhigh­resolutioncomputertablets.Theyusesoftwareprogramsthatcanemail3-Dimagesofclothingwithmeasu

rementsimmediatelytofactories.Thegoalistoreducetosixmonthsorlessthetimeittakestogetnewproductstostores.“Companiesandstoreownerswhowelcom

ethisapproacharegoingtobe‘thewinnersofthefuture’，”saidDavidBassuk,managingdirectorofAlixPartners,amarketin

gadvisoryservice.Currently,although3­Dtechnologyisonlyusedinjusttwopercentofoverallsuppliers,saysSpencerFung,CEOofLi&Fung,hebelievesth

atwillchangeasmorestoresrealizethatreducingdesigntimeandprototypessavesmoney.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一款

新型3-D鞋样的诞生，阐述了3-D技术能帮助服装行业提高生产效率，降低成本。4．Theappearanceofthe3­Dimageoftherunningshoemeansthat________．A．thepriceo

fsuchatypeofshoeswillbehigherB．customerswilltendtobuysuchatypeofshoesC．theentireproductionprocesswillbemoree

fficientD．manufacturerswillmainlyproduceknitwearproductsC解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的Yettheuseofdigitaltechnology...fasterthanundertheoldsystem.再结合第三段末尾说传统工艺需要

大约一年时间，而第四段中说利用3-D技术可使时间减少至六个月甚至更短，由此可推断，3­D技术的出现可以使生产更高效。5．AccordingtoDavidBassuk,thewinnersofthefuturedependon____

____．A．awidediversityofproductsB．theuseofdigitaltechnologyC．excellentcustomerserviceD．simplemanufacturingprocessB解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可推测，DavidBassuk的观点

是：未来的市场赢家将属于那些善于运用数字科技的企业。句中的thisapproach指的就是前文讨论的3-D数字科技的运用。6．Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A．Thereformof3­Dtechnologyisboundtosu

cceed.B．Storeownersareoptimisticabout3­Dproducts.C．Fewbuyerscanrealizethebenefitsof3­Dimaging.D．Theuseof3­Dtechnologyhasn’tyetcaughton.D解析：推理判

断题。最后一段中的justtwopercentofoverallsuppliers以及thatwillchangeasmorestoresrealize...暗示了目前此项技术的运用并没有普及。Ⅲ七选五Whenoneofyourfriendsisupset,helpthembybeingthere

forthem,findingtherightthingstosay,andavoidingcommonmistakes.Herearesomewaystocomfortyourfriend.1．________Iftheyseem

tobeverytroubled,itmaytakemoreeffortonyourparttohelpthem.Ifsomethingisbotheringthem,buttheyaren’ttooupset,betherefort

hemwithoutoverreacting.Sousetheirbehaviorasyourguideforhowtogoonwithyourhelp.Findoutwhat’swrong.Beforeyousayanything,trytofigureoutwhattheproblem

is.2.________Ifyoutrytotalktoyourfriendwithoutknowingthesituationfirst,youcouldendupgettingintotrouble.Ifyourfrien

distooupsettotalk,don’tpushthemforanexplanation.Juststaywiththemuntiltheycalmdown.Giveyourfriendahug.Akindtouchwilldowondersforyourfrien

d,evenifyoudon’tknowwhatthey’reupsetabout.Ifyourfrienddoesn’tlikehugs,don’tforceone.3.________Saysomethinglike，“I’lljustsitherew

ithyou.”Encouragethemtoexpressthemselvesfully.4.________Payattentionanddon’tinterrupt.Duringpauses,youmightaddsomethinglike,“I’mlisteni

ng.”Keeptheconversationfocusedonyourfriend.Donottalkaboutyourselfandyourownproblems,evenifyou’veface

dsimilarissuesasyourfriend.Derailing(偏离)theconversationwithastoryaboutyourselfwon’tsolveyourfriend’sproblems.5.________A．Offeryourhelpimmediately.B．J

ustsitnearthemandkeepthemcompany.C．It’sfinetoofferadviceifyourfriendasksforit.D．Thiswillhelpyouknowwhattosayandwhatnott

osay.E．Itwilljustmakethemfeellikeyouaren’tlisteningtothem.F．Comfortyourfriendaccordingtohowupsettheyseemtob

e.G．Ifyourfriendneedstogettheirsadnessorangerout,letthemdoso.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍如何安慰朋友。1．F解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主旨句。本段主要讲安慰朋友要依据他们的烦恼程度。2．D解析：此空设于段中，与

上文存在指代关系，设空中This指的是前一句的内容：在开口安慰朋友之前要知道朋友的问题所在，这样才能帮助“你”了解什么该说和什么不该说。3．B解析：此空设于段中，承上启下。上文提到在朋友不喜欢拥抱时，不要勉

强，同时，根据下文的“I’lljustsitherewithyou.”也可推出。4．G解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在解释关系，本段旨在说鼓励朋友充分表达自己。设空对主旨句作进一步解释，说明当朋友想发泄自己的悲伤或愤怒时，让他们这样做。5．E解析：此空设于

段尾，与上文存在指代及因果关系，设空中的It指代上文提到的偏离谈话主题而谈论自己的故事这件事，这么做的结果是会让朋友感到“你”没有在倾听他们。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com