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2021年北京市高考真题英语试卷北京卷·英语本试卷共11页，共100分．考试时长90分钟．考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共

10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．Recently，Itookatriphomebytrain．Igotaseatoppositeami

ddle-agedmanwithsharpeyes，whokept____1____ayoungwomaninawindowseatwithalittleboyonherlap．Thewoman'seyefel

lontheman'sface，andsheimmediatelylookeddownand____2____herscarf．Asthenightworeon，peoplebegantoclosetheireyes，buttheseatsweresouncomfortab

lethatonlyaveryheavysleepercouldmanagetogetany____3____．Thewomanlookedoverattheman．Hewasstillstaringather．Shelookedbacka

thimwithfireinhereyes．Iwasbeginningtoget____4____，too．Thetrainmovedon．Thelittleboywas____5____awakeonhi

smother'slap，butthewomandroppedofftosleep．Amomentlater，hebeganto____6____thehalf-openwindow—onelegwentoverit．Themanjumpedupand____7____thechi

ldjustbeforehefellout．The____8____wokeupthewoman．Sheseemedtobein____9____，andthenrealitydawned（显现）．“Yourchildhasbeenlookingfora

nopportunitytoclimboutofthewindow，”themansaidashegavethechildbacktoher.．“SoIhavebeenwatchingthewholetime．”Thewomanwas_____10_____，andsowas

I．1.A.guidingB.botheringC.watchingD.monitoring2.A.adjustedB.changedC.packedD.waved3.A.airB.joyC.spaceD.rest4.A.nervousB.embarrassedC.angryD.disa

ppointed5.A.almostB.stillC.hardlyD.even6.A.dragB.climbC.knockD.push7.A.grabbedB.rockedC.touchedD.picked8.A.alarmB.quarrelC.ris

kD.noise9.A.sorrowB.reliefC.panicD.pain10.A.astonishedB.confusedC.concernedD.inspired第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的

单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Whydowedream？Scientistsaren'tcompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse____11____(idea)．

Dreamsmightbeasideeffectofmemorymaking.Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything____12____happenedduringtheday，tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldm

emories.Asit____13____(connect)things，yourbraintumsthemintoastory,andyougetadream．B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当

的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Samisanin-real-lifestreamer（播主），andhelivestreamshimselfjustgoingabouthisday．While

ridinghisbikehome____14____acoldnight，hecameacrossasad-lookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself．The

poorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationabout____15____shelived．Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecould____16____（safe）waitforthepoli

cetotakeherhome．C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。There____17____(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsovert

hepast20years,____18____(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.From2000to2019,therewere7,348maj

ornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,____19____(result)inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss．Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefind

ingsshowacriticalneed____20____(invest)indisasterprevention.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并

在答题卡上将该项涂黑．AIfyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation，science，orculture，thenaninternship（实习）atUNESCOwillbe

idealforyou．Whocanapply？Youhavecompletedyourfull-timeuniversitystudies；or．Youarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamaster'sdegree．Applican

tsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution．Whataretherequ

irements？Youmustbeatleast20yearsold．Youshouldhaveagoodcommand（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench．Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeof

office-relatedsoftware．Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworkingenvironment．Y

oushouldpossessstronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills．Whatdoyouneedtoprepare？Visa：Youshouldobtainthenec

essaryvisas．Travel：Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyourinternship．Medic

alinsurance：Youmustshowproofofacomprehensivehealthinsurancevalid（有效的）inthetargetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship．UNESCOwillprovidelimit

edinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod．Medicalcertificate：Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork．Motiv

ationletter：Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform．YourapplicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESC

Omanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths．Wedonotrespondtoeverycandidate．Ifselected，youwillbecontactedbyamanager．Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupda

tewithinsixmonths，itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful．21.Accordingtothispassage，applicantsarerequiredto____

____．A.holdamaster'sdegreeinscienceB.haveinternationalworkexperienceC.befluentineitherEnglishorFrenchD

.presentaletterfromatechnicalinstitution22.WhatwillUNESCOprovidefortheinternshipperiod？A.Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage．B.Trainingincommunicat

ionskills．C.Amedicalcertificateforwork．D.Financialsupportfortravel．23.Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefillingouttheapplicationform？A.ContactUNESCOm

anagers．B.Getaccesstothedatabase．C.Keepamotivationletterathand．D.Workinateamforsixmonths．BIrememberthedayd

uringourfirstweekofclasswhenwewereinformedaboutoursemester（学期）projectofvolunteeringatanon-profitorganiz

ation．Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp，mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren

（OIC）．MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind．Then，anOICrepresentativeg

aveussomedetails，whichsomewhatinterestedme．Afterdoingsomeresearch，Ibelievedthatwecouldreallydosomethingfo

rthosekids．WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite，IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren．Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsen

dingamessageoftheirdespair（绝望）andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation．Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsup

pliesaspossible，andmakethemintokits——onekit，onechild．Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday，whenalltheeffortsweputintocollectingtheitemsfina

llycametogether．WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected，ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIr

aqichild．Overthepastfourmonths，IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceourprojectwascompleted．Whilemakingthekits，Irealizedtha

tIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit．IhadonlyfocusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtog

etagoodgradeon．Whenthekitswerecompleted，andreadytobesentoverseas，thewarmfeelingIhadwasoneIwouldneverforget．Inthebeginning，Idaredmyselftomakeadiffer

enceinthelifeofanotherperson．Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butten．Withourefforts，ten

youngboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation．24.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginni

ng？A.Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans．B.Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas．C.Itwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade．D.Itwouldnot

liveuptohis/herexpectations．25.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject？A.ImagesofIraqichildren．B.Resea

rchbyhis/herclassmates．C.Ateacher'sintroduction．D.Arepresentative'scomments．26.Theauthor'sOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento

________．.A.becomeOICvolunteersB.furthertheireducationC.studyinforeigncountriesD.influenceotherchildren27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassa

ge？A.One'spotentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated．B.Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted．C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords．D.Hewhohesitatesislost

．CHundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandt

herestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblesc

enario(情景)thiscentury”.Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglob

alcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinth

ismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylon

gago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslyla

ckinginflexibility.Theinternationalscholars’warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmi

ghthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories(签署

者)ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputne

ededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possib

lywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,”the

Decemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersofthecomingdis

turbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)Inthe

incurableformofhope.Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent(执着)onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Let's

lookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebe

stofatroublingfuture.”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.29.Asforthepubl

icawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris________.A.worriedB.puzzledC.surprisedD.scared30.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Thesign

atoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingp

rioritized.D.Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.DEarlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt．Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim．Alber

tEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit．Today'sstate-of-the-artatomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinr

ight．Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyou'reasking．Forgetabouttimeasan

absolute．Whatif，insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology？Whatifweallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo（

节奏）ofhumanlife？We'reincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone，andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate（调节）ouraction

sifwehopetoliveinbalance．Whatifourdefinitionoftimereflectedthat？Recently，Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnecte

dtocircumstancesonourplanet，conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobalwarming．We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetot

alflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers，whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges．We'veprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockift

hewaterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate．Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage，theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime．Iftheyrunslower，you

'llseetheoppositeeffect．Theclockregistersbothshort-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics．It'sasortofobservatorythatrevea

lshowtheriversarebehavingfromtheirowntemporalframe（时间框架），andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonoursmartwatchesorphones．AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanR

iverTimewillliveinharmonywiththeplanet．Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivatedtoc

ounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies．Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars，earlyagriculturalsocie

tiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena．Inpre-ClassicalGreece，forinstance，people“corrected”officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardo

rbackwardtoreflectthechangeofseason．Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival．Likewise，riverti

meandothertimekeepingsystemswe'redevelopingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness．WhenSt．Augustineadmittedhisinabilitytodefinetime，he

highlightedoneoftime'smostnoticeablequalities：Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext．Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid，andeachisaspraisewor

thyasitspurpose．31.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1？A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature．B.Everyonecandefineti

meontheirownterms．C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit．D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists．32.Theauth

orraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto________．A.presentanassumptionB.evaluateanargumentC.highlightanexperimentD.intro

duceanapproach33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A.Thosewhodonotgoonrivertimewillliveanimbalancedlife．B.NewwaysofmeasuringtimecanhelptocontrolEarthsyst

ems．C.Atomictimewillgetaheadofrivertimeiftheriversrunslower．D.Moderntechnologymayhelptoshapetherivers’temporalframe．34.Whatcanweinfer

fromthispassage？A.Itiscrucialtoimprovethedefinitionoftime．B.Afixedframewillmaketimemeaningless．C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature．D.Hi

storyisamirrorreflectingreality．第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．选项中有两项为多余选项．Musichaslongbeenconsideredt

obeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople．____35____Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued．Musiccouldalsobehelpingyou

withmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes．____36____However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpai

n．Bydistracting（分心）themindfromthepain，music，peoplesay，canlowerstressandanxietylevels．This，ofcourse，canleadtolesspain．Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingm

usicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed．____37____Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed，theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure．Simi

larly,accordingtoresearchers，listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels，throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety．When

itcomestohearthealth，thereisspeculation（推测）thatit'snotthestyleofmusic，butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth．Ino

neEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure．____38____Ontheotherhand，whenthemusicslowed

，theparticipants'stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit．____39____Butthereisawholer

angeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable．A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyo

therhealthproblems．B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud．C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking

．D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep．E.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive．F.Itisalsohighlypopulardueto

theindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety．G.Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere．第三部分书面表达（共

两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved，theemotionalresponsetied

toitissignificantlyreducedoralmostcompletelyerased．Thus，itmaybeworthbringingupissueswithyourfriends，familymembers，orclassmatesratherth

anholdingthemback．Thereisadifferencebetweenarguingandfighting．Arguingisthatyouandyouropponentpresentyourconcernsanddiscussthefeelingsandissuesrelat

edtothoseconcerns．Youcanengageinanargumentrespectfullywithoutstirringup（激起）anger．Fighting，however，usuallyi

nvolvespersonalattacks，raisingofvoices，andstormingout．Discussingyourissuesandresolvingtheminsteadofstuffingthemdowncanimproveyouremotionalhealth

．Inastudy，2.000peoplewereaskedtorecordtheirfeelingsandexperiencesforeightdaysinarow．Whenpeoplehadanargumentthattheycons

ideredresolved，theyhadhalfthereactivity（情绪反应）ofthosewhoavoidedanargument．Reactivityisanincreaseinnegative

emotionsoradecreaseinpositiveemotions．Inotherwords，resolvinganargumentcutsyournegativefeelingsbyhalf．Onedayl

ater，peoplewhohadaresolvedargumentreportednoincreaseofnegativeemotionscomparedwiththosewhoavoidedanargument．Thismeansthatresolvinganargument

canfeellikeyouhavereachedastateofresolution——andyouarelesslikelytobeannoyed．Moreover，theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwillcomet

oaresolutionafteranargument．Thismaybebecausemorelifeexperienceusuallyleadstomoredefinedpriorities．Youaremorelikelytodistinguishbetweenwhatmatt

ersandwhatdoesnot．Itiseasiertoavoidadiscussion，butriskingtalkingaboutitmayeventuallyleadtoabetteroutcome．40.Accordingtothispas

sage，whatisarguing？41.Whyisitthat“theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument”？42.Pleasedecidewhichp

artisfalseinthefollowingstatement，thenunderlineitandexplainwhy．Resolvingargumentscanimproveyouremotionalhealth，becauseitincreasesyourreac

tivityandreducesthechanceofyougettingangry．43.Inadditiontoimprovingemotionalhealth，whatdoyouthinkaresomeotherbenefitsofresolvinganargument？（Ina

bout40words）第二节（20分）44.【北京卷】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴约。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.表达歉意并说明原因；2.提出建议并给出理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear

Jim,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________Yours,LiHua