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一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇——分类记忆Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意1．victimn．受害者2．criterian．(pl.)(评判的)标准3．architecturen.建筑4．authenticadj.原作的，真正的5．monumentn.纪念碑，纪念堂6．sorrown.悲伤
，难过7．vividadj.生动的，逼真的8．hardshipn.艰苦，困苦9．teasevt.嘲笑，取笑10．superbadj.出色的，卓越的11．formeradj.以前的12．preciousadj.宝贵的，珍贵的13．sweetnessn.
甜蜜，温柔14．tenseadj.紧张的15．clumsyadj.笨拙的；不得体的16．tiresomeadj.讨厌的，令人厌倦的Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形1．abandonvt.放弃，遗弃2．witnessv.目击3．tremblevi.颤抖，发抖4．lossn.遗失，失去，丢失5．awesome
adj.令人敬畏的6．sympathyn.同情7．burstvi.爆炸；冲，闯8．specificadj.详细的；特定的9．originn.起源，开端；出身10．severeadj.严重的；严厉的11．stubbornadj.倔强的，固执的12．complexadj.复杂
的13．breakthroughn.突破，重大发现14．uncertainadj.不确定的15．awkwardadj.笨拙的；令人不舒服的16．gathervi.&vt.聚集Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变1．preservevt.保护，保存
→preservationn．保护，保存2．occurvi.发生→occurrencen．发生3．particularlyadv.特别地；特定地→particularadj.特别的；特定的；特有的4．significancen．重要性，意义→significantad
j.重要的，重大的；影响深远的5．discouragevt.使泄气，使灰心→discouragingadj.令人沮丧的→discouragedadj.失去信心的→discouragementn．泄气→encouragementn．鼓励
(反义词)6．sufferingn．痛苦，困难→sufferv．遭受；患(某种病)7．admirableadj.令人钦佩的，极佳的→admirevt.佩服，称赞→admirationn．佩服，称赞8．restri
ctionn．限制，约束→restrictvt.限制，约束→restrictedadj.有限的，受限制的→restrictiveadj.受限的9．unbearableadj.不能忍受的→bearableadj.可忍受的(反义词)→bearv．忍耐10．eage
radj.渴望的，热衷的→eagerlyadv.渴望地→eagernessn．渴望11．expandv．扩大，扩充→expansionn．扩大；膨胀12．warmthn．温暖→warmadj.温暖的→warmlyadv.温暖地13．abnormaladj.反
常的，不正常的→normaladj.正常的，通常的(反义词)→normallyadv.通常，一般14．applaudvi.&vt.鼓掌→applausen．鼓掌15．apparentadj.明显的，显而易见的→apparentlyadv.显然地1.“
价值”形容词知多少①precious宝贵的，珍贵的②valuable有价值的③worth有……价值的④worthy有价值的⑤priceless无价的⑥worthless/valueless无价值的2.后缀“-some”形容词集锦①troublesom
e引起麻烦的②handsome英俊的③awesome令人敬畏的④boresome烦人的⑤fearsome可怕的⑥tiresome讨厌的3.趣味“合成词”荟萃①breakthroughn．突破，重大发现②pickpocketn.扒手③daybre
akn.破晓④sunrisen.日出⑤bathroomn.浴室⑥webpagen.网页(二)重点短语——记牢用活1．come__into__view出现2．knock__sb.over撞倒某人3．once__upon_
_a__time从前4．block__out堵住5．in__a__way从某种程度上说6．on__one’s__side侧身7．split__up(使)解散；决裂8．name...after以……的名字给某人/某物命名9．come__across偶然遇见，偶然发现
10．hold__up支撑起；延误，推迟11．count__on依靠12．figure__out理解13．end__up以……结束，以……告终14．put__up__with容忍，忍受15．in__particular特别，尤其16．refer__to查阅；提到；
涉及；提交17．on__the__way__to在去……的路上18．pay__rise增加工资1.“v.＋out”短语万花筒①tryout尝试②runout用完③workout算出；解决；锻炼④figureout算出；理解⑤leaveout省略；遗漏；不考虑⑥p
ickout挑选；区别出2.“in＋n.”结构荟萃①incase以防万一②indanger处于危险中③inshort/brief总而言之④invain徒劳的⑤inparticular特别，尤其⑥inre
lief如释重负3.“v.＋up”短语联想①splitup(使)解散；决裂②setup建立③endup以……结束，以……告终④payup付清⑤cutup切碎⑥linkup联合，连接(三)重点句式——背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：asif引导表语从句Anotherman,lyi
ngonhisside,looksas__ifheistryingtogetup.躺在他旁边的另一个人看上去好像在试图站立起来。句型2：nowthat意为“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句Now__thatHelenunderstoodthekeytolan
guage，shewasveryeagertolearnmoreanduseitasmuchasshecould.既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。句型3：unless意为“除非，如果不”，引导条件状
语从句HerwordspuzzledmeverymuchbecauseIdidnotthenunderstandanythingunlessItouchedit.她的话让我感到非常困惑，因为那时我若不用手触摸就
什么都不理解。句型4：Itis/was＋序数词＋time(＋that)．..It__was__the__first__timeHelenhad__understoodsuchacomplexword—awo
rdforsomethingshecouldn’ttouch.这是海伦第一次明白这样一个复杂的词——一个她触摸不到的东西的含义。二、语境强化训练Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Someofuswereconfidentandeager(渴
望的)totakepartintheclassactivity;otherswerenervousandanxious.2．Theplotinthisnovelissocomplex(复杂的)thatmanypeoplecan’tunderstanditwell.3．I
twouldbeirresponsibleofmenottoadvisemycompanytoabandon(放弃)thisproject.4．IwassoheavilyoverweightthatIsufferedalotfrommyawkward(尴尬的)appearance.5．(2018·
全国卷Ⅱ)Ourschoolhaswitnessed(目击)greatchangesinthelastfewyears.6．Accordingtothelaw,thesaleofalcoholisrestricted(restrict)topeop
leundertheageof18.7．(全国卷Ⅰ)WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard，sayinghecoulduseitforwhateverhisfamilymightneed,heburst(burst)intotears.8．(
2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Formanyolderpeople,particularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry,drivingisimportantforpreserving(preserve)theirindependence,
givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.9．Hesearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestwithoutexpandi
ng(expand)theareaofthefields.10．Itissignificant(significance)thatnowadaysfiberisconsideredtobeanimportantpartofahea
lthydiet.Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空1．Pleasegiveawarmwelcometoourguests.Ifwesay“Hello”tothemwarmly,__theywillsensethewarmthfromoursmile.(warm)2．Weshouldg
ivethestudentsmuchencouragement,__fortheywillgetdiscouragedwhencriticizedtoooften.Butnowweshouldfocusondisco
uragingthemfromsmoking.(discourage)3．It’shardtotrytoworkinsucharestrictedspaceandtheconditionsrestrictthechi
ldren’schancesforplay,somanypeoplethinklifehereistoorestrictive．(restrict)4．Thegirliseagertoknowsomethingaboutthestar.Nowsheiswaiti
ngeagerlyoutsidethehall,fromwhosefacewecanseetheeagerness．(eager)5．Sheisnotrich,butsheisparticularaboutherclothes.Shelikesredcoats
particularly．(particular)Ⅲ.选词成篇onone’sside;holdoneselfup;comeacross;putupwith;nowthat;figureoutOnecoldwinterday,I1.came__acrossano
ldmanlying2.on__his__sideontheroad.Itseemedthathecouldn’t3．hold__himself__up.Perhapshecouldn’t4.put__up__witht
hecoldweather.5.Now__thatIsawhim,IdecidedtohelphimwhetherI6.figured__outwhathappenedtohimornot.comeintoview;knockover;blockout;inpartic
ular;onthewayto7．On__the__way__tothesupermarket,anambulance8.came__into__viewandmanypeoplesurroundedit.Theroadwas9.
blocked__out.Istoppedtofindwhathadhappened.Iwastoldthatanoldladyhadbeen10.knocked__overbyatruckwhencrossingt
heroad.Shewasbadlyhurt,11.in__particularinherlegs,butshestillcouldputupwiththepain.Immediatelyshewassenttothenearesthospi
tal.Ⅳ.完成句子1．这个留着长头发的年轻男子看起来好像是个女人。Theyoungmanwithlonghairlooksasifhe__were__a__woman．2．既然大家都来了，让我们开始会议吧。No
w__that/Since__everyone__is__here,__let’sbeginourmeeting.3．除非被邀请，否则他是不会回公司的。Unless__invited,__hewillnotcom
ebacktothecompany.4．这是你第二次迟到了。Itwasthesecondtimethatyouhad__come/beenlate.abandonvt.抛弃；离弃；放弃；停止做(某事)n．放纵，放任；尽情[基础练习]——单
句语法填空①a.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)However,theseplanswere__abandoned(abandon)becauseoffinancialproblems.b．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Wangcollectedmor
ethan7millionabandoned(abandon)bricksofdifferentages.②(2018·天津卷)Iwillneverabandonreaching(reach)thetopofthe“mounta
in”becauseIwanttobesuccessfulinlife.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级③(普通表达)Heabandoned__himself__to__playing__computer__games(沉迷于玩电脑游戏)anddidn’tpasstheexam.④(高级表达
)Abandoning__himself__to__playing__computer__games,__hedidn’tpasstheexam.(现在分词短语作状语)⑤(高级表达)Abandoned__to__playing__computer__games，hedidn’tpasst
heexam.(过去分词短语作状语)(1)abandondoingsth.放弃做某事abandononeselftodoingsth.沉湎于做某事；放纵(感情)于做某事(2)withabandon纵情；放任地(3)abandonedadj
.抛弃了的；废弃的；放纵的[佳句背诵]Attheparty,peoplesanganddancedwithabandon,totallyforgettingthetroublesintheirlives.聚会上，人们尽情地唱歌、跳舞，把生活中的烦恼抛到了九霄云外。[词块助记]anabando
nedfarm废弃的农场abandonananimal遗弃动物abandonthematchbecauseofrain因为下雨中止了比赛preservevt.保护；维护；保存(使免受破坏)；保留n．保护区[基础练习
]——单句语法填空①Thesocietywassetuptopreserveendangeredspeciesfromextinction.②Somesuggestionsaremadeatthemeetingth
atthesetraditionalcustoms(should)__be__preserved(preserve)andhandeddownonegenerationafteranother.[能力提升]——句式升级③(
普通表达)Becausetheyarewell-preservedinthenaturepreserve,pandasliveahappylife.(高级表达)Wellpreserved__in__the__nature__preserve,__panda
sliveahappylife.(分词作状语)(1)preserve...from...保护……免受……(2)naturepreserve自然保护区(3)well-preservedadj.保存良好的[佳句背诵]ItiswellknownthatShennongjiaisoneofth
ebeautifulnaturepreserves,attractingthousandsofvisitorseveryday.众所周知，神农架是一个美丽的自然保护区，每天吸引成千上万的游客。[名师点津]“一字”之差：(1)preservevt.保护；维护(2)reservev．保留；储
备；预定witnessvt.当场见到；目击n．目击者；证人；证据[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(上海卷)Thelatetwentiethcenturywitnessed(witness)therapiddevelopmentofChina’seconomy.②Whatthepol
icedidfirstwastointerviewallthewitnesses(witness)totheaccidentlastweek.[能力提升]——完成句子③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)我们将见证我们学校的荣耀，我们一起成长。We__will__witness__the__glory__of
__our__school，andwearegrowingtogether.(1)witnesssth./that...目击……witnessto(doing)sth.证实/证明(做)某事(2)awit
nessof/tosth.某事的证人/证明[佳句背诵]Ourcitywitnessesfourdifferentseasons,plentyofsunshineandgoodrainfall,butinwinteryoumayfeelalittl
ecold.我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节，阳光充足、雨量充沛，但在冬天你可能会觉得有点冷。occurvi.发现，出现；(想法、念头等)想起，浮现；发生[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Aperfectideaoccurredtousthatwewouldgiveahandmad
egifttoourteacherforthecomingTeachers’Day.②a.Theaccidentisreportedto__have__occurred(occur)onthefirstSundayin
February.b．Inthenext30years,wecouldseemoreheatwavesliketheonenowoccurring(occur)intheU．S.③Itneveroccurredtoh
erto__ask(ask)foranyonewhenshewasintrouble.[能力提升]——一句多译他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。④It__occurred__to__him__thathehadlef
thiskeysintheoffice.⑤It__hit/struck__him__thathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.sth.occurstosb.某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想
到某事Itoccurstosb.that...某人突然想起……Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人突然想起做某事。[名师点津](1)occur是不及物动词，所以不能带宾语，也不能用于被动语态。(2)occur的过去式和过去分词形
式要双写最后一个辅音字母，即occurred。(3)表达“某人突然想起……”的句型还有：①sth.hits/strikessb.②Ithits/strikessb.that从句③sb.comesupwithst
h.burstvi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆发n．突然破裂；爆发[基础练习]——单句语法填空①IwasteachingforeignerstolearnBeijingOperawhenagroupofp
upilsburst__in．②Heburstintotheroomwithoutknockingatthedoor，whichmademeveryangry.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级看到她的同学因为她愚蠢的错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。③(普通表达)
Whenshesawherclassmatesburst__into__laughterbecauseofherfoolishmistakes,sheburst__into__tears.④(高级表达)Seeing__her__c
lassmates__burst__out__laughingbecauseofherfoolishmistakes,sheburst__out__crying．(burstout；分词作状语)(1)burstoutcrying/laughingburs
tintotears/laughter突然哭起来/笑起来(2)burstin/into闯入，突然破门而入(3)burstwithanger勃然大怒(4)aburstof一阵[佳句背诵]Whentheprofessorenteredthelecturehall,therewasaburstofapp
lause.当教授走进演讲大厅时，突然爆发出一阵掌声。[名师点津](1)burstin中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；(2)burstinto中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。discouragev．阻止；打消……的念头[基础练习]——单句语法填空①a.(20
17·浙江卷6月)Moveontothenextpersonifsomeonetellsyousheisnotinterestedintalkingoncamera.Don’tgetdiscouraged(courage)．b．Insteadofseeingthesetba
ckassomethingdiscouraging__(discourage),justacceptitasapartofthejourney.②(湖南卷)Donotletanyfailuresdiscourage(courage)you,foryoucannevertellh
owcloseyoumaybetovictory.[能力提升]——完成句子③Parentsshouldencourage__their__children__to__overcome__difficulties(鼓励他们的
孩子克服困难)andinspirethemtodevelopbythemselves.④Wetriedtodiscourage__him__from__climbing__the__mountain(阻止他爬山)withoutaguide.(1)discouragesb.fromdoingsth.
劝某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心(2)discouragedadj.沮丧的，灰心丧气的discouragingadj.令人泄气的；令人沮丧的(3)encouragevt.鼓励encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事[佳句背诵]Hetrie
dtobalancehisstudyandrestandfindthewaytogetoutofdifficultsituationbecausehebelievednothingcoulddiscouragehimf
rompursuinghisdream.他试着平衡学习和休息，找到走出困境的方法，因为他相信没有什么可以使他失去追逐梦想的信心。eageradj.渴望的，热衷的[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thenewpresidentiseagerthattheproject(should)__
be__started(start)early.②“Sowhatdoyouthinkwillhappen？”heaskedeagerly(eager)．③(浙江卷)Believeitornot,heorsheisonyoursideandiseagerto__see(see)youdow
ell.[能力提升]——一句多译我的朋友工作一直很努力，渴望得到老板的赞许。④Myfriend，whohasbeenworkinghard，is__eager__forherboss’sapproval.⑤Eager__fo
r__her__boss’s__approval，myfriendhasbeenworkinghard.(形容词短语作状语)(1)beeagertodosth.渴望做某事beeagerforsth.急于得到某物beeagerthat...渴望……[从句中常用虚拟语气：(should＋)动词
原形](2)eagerlyadv.渴望地[佳句背诵]Thestaffwillbeeagertohelpyouthrougheverystepofthejobsearchprocess.那里的员工会很热心
地指导你求职中的每个步骤。expandvt.扩大，扩充，增加；细谈；详述[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Hismodestbusinesseventuallyexpandedintoasupermarketempire.②Theprofessorw
illexpandonthispointinthenextchapter.③Expanding(expand)yourknowledgebyreadingmorebooksisawisechoice.④Theirexpanding(expand)businessbecame
alargecorporationin2017.⑤Theindustryhasjustgonethroughaperiodofrapidexpansion(expand)．(1)expandinto(使……)扩大成……expandon/upon详述；详细阐明(2)expansionn.扩
大expandingadj.扩大的；扩展的[佳句背诵]Asyourhorizonsexpand,thesenewideascangiveawholenewmeaningtolife.随着眼界不断开阔，这些新观念会为生活赋予全新的意义。inaway从某一
角度看；在某种程度上[基础练习]——用way的相关短语填空①In__a__way,__thecomputerplaysamoreandmoreimportantroleinourlifeandwork.②Mrs.Smithfindsithardtoclearupthemess,asherchild
renarealwaysin__the__waywhenevershetriesto.③Hedecidedthathewoulddriveall__the__wayhomeinsteadofputtingupatahotelfort
henight.[能力提升]——完成句子④只有这样他们才能独立成长、真正成功。Only__in__this__way__can__they__grow__uptobeindependentandbecometrulysuccessful
.alltheway一路上；自始至终；完全bytheway顺便说一下intheway挡道；妨碍inthisway用这种方法innoway一点也不；决不(放在句首须部分倒装)onthewayto...在去……途中[佳句背诵]Inaway,I
’mgladthatyoumadethatmistake,foritwillserveasawarningtoyou.从某一角度看，我很高兴你犯了那个错误，因为这对你是个警告。comeacross偶然遇见[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2017·天津
卷)ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.②Ireallydon’tknowhowitcameabouttha
tshewasfiredbyherboss.③Itissaidthatthesinger’snewalbumwillcomeoutintwomonths.[能力提升]——句型转换④Whentheywerehavingaheateddiscussion,acrea
tiveplancameupatthemeeting.→Whentheywerehavingaheateddiscussion,someonecame__up__withacreativeplanatthemeeting.comeabout发生comeout出版；出
来；开花comeup走近；上来；发芽；被提及comeupwith想出；提出[佳句背诵]Lookaroundandappreciateexcellencewheneveryoucomeacrossit,andlearnwhatyouc
anfromit.环顾四周，每当你碰到优秀的都要欣赏它，并从中学习。[名师点津]表示“偶然遇见”的短语还有：(1)runinto;(2)runacross；(3)knockinto;(4)meetwithholdu
p举起；延误，阻滞；支撑[一词多义]——写出下列句中holdup的含义①Holdupyourrighthand.Now,countdownfromten,startingwithyourthumb.举起②Therearetwol
argewoodensupportsthatholduptheroof.支撑③Imissedmeetingmybossattheairportbecausemycarwasheldupinthetrafficjam.延误[能力提升]——完成句子④Canyouhold__
on(别挂电话)?I’llseeifthemanagerisintheoffice.⑤I’msuremydreamwillcometrueaslongasIhold__on__to(坚持)it.holdback阻止；抑制；隐瞒holdon坚持住；等一下
(别挂断)holdonto抓紧；保持；不放弃holdout伸出；维持；保持[佳句背诵]Thefightwouldhavebeenavoidedifeitherofyouhadbeenabletoholdbackyouranger.如果任何一方能控制
住怒火的话，这场争斗本来是可以避免的。referto查阅，参考；谈到，提起；涉及，指的是[一词多义]——写出下列句中referto的含义①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Thetrend,then,wastowardthe“pennypaper”—atermreferringt
opapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.指的是②Ifnecessary,youmayrefertoyournoteswhilemakingaspeech.查阅③Thescientist
referredtoglobalwarmingatleastthreetimesinhisspeech.提到[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级任正非被称为中国最优秀的企业家之一。新闻里提到的那个人就是他。④RenZh
engfeiis__referred__to__asoneofthegreatestentrepreneursinChina.Thepersonreferred__tointhenewsishim.⑤Theperson__referred__to_
_in__the__news__is__Ren__Zhengfei,__who__is__referred__to__as__one__of__the__greatest__entrepreneurs__in__China．(过去分词短语作定语和非限制性定语从句)(1)referto...as.
..将……称为……(2)referencen.提及；参考；查阅[佳句背诵]①You’dbetterwritedownthephonenumberofthatrestaurantforfuturereference.你最好把那家餐厅的号码写下来，以备日后参考。(江西卷)②Don’ta
lwaysrefertothedictionarywhencomingacrossnewwords.Onlyifawordisveryimportantcanyoulookitupinyourdictio
nary.当遇到生词时不要总是查词典，只有当一个单词非常重要时，你才可以在词典中查阅。[名师点津]“查词典”，表达方式却不同：refertoadictionary,looksth.upinthedictionary。putupwith容忍；忍受[基础练习]——用put的相关短语填空
①Asuggestionhasbeenput__forwardthatweshouldrecyclethetextbooks.②Wearetryingtoput__asidesomemoneyeverymonthforourvacation.[能力提升]——词汇
升级③(普通表达)He’llhavetofindsomeotherworkforhecan’tstand/bearthisloudnoiseanymore.(高级表达)He’llhavetofindsomeotherworkforhecan’tput__up__with/toleratethisl
oudnoiseanymore.putaside节省；储蓄；储存putaway收起来putforward提出建议；把……向前拨putoff延期；推迟putout熄灭；扑灭putup提出；推荐；留某人住下[佳句背诵]Inthatcase,wewil
lhavetolearntoputupwithsomeofhisshortcomingsandtrytodiscoverhisadvantages.那样，我们就不得不学会忍受他的一些缺点并努力试图发现他的优点。nowthat
意为“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句(教材P11)NowthatHelenunderstoodthekeytolanguage，shewasveryeagertolearnmoreanduseitasmuchasshecould.既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且
尽可能多地使用它们。[能力提升]——完成句子①既然你已经长大了，你可以自己做决定了。Now__that__you’ve__grown__up，youcanmakeupyourmindbyyourself.②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)既然你知道为什么你想醒来，考虑重新安排早上的活动吧。N
ow__that__you__know__why__you__want__to__wake__up,__considerrearrangingyourmorningactivities.nowthat“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句，相当于since，that可以省略。[佳句背诵]①Nowtha
ttherearemanychoicesinlife,onedoesnothavetostareatoneplaceanddoonething.既然现在已经有好多种人生选择了，一个人大可不必非得死盯在一个地方，死做一件事情。②Nowthatyouhavefinishedyou
rhomework,youcanplaybasketball.既然你已经完成了家庭作业，你就可以打篮球了。unless意为“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句(教材P11)Herwordspuzzledm
everymuchbecauseIdidnotthenunderstandanythingunlessItouchedit.她的话让我感到非常困惑，因为那时我若不用手触摸就什么都不理解。[基础练习]——单
句语法填空①(2019·天津卷)Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents’opinionunlesshewantstheirsupport.②Unlesstheweathergets(g
et)better,Iwillstayathome.③Iwon’tattendthepartytobeheldtomorrowunlessinvited(invite)．[能力提升]——一句多译众所周知，除非你有规律地进行锻炼，否则身
体就不会健康。④Itisknowntoallthatunless__you__exercise__regularly,__youwon’tkeepfit.(unless)⑤Itisknowntoallthatif__you__don’t__exercise__regul
arly,__youwon’tkeephealthy.(if)(1)unless意为“除非；如果不”，引导一个肯定的条件状语从句，可与if...not引导的否定状语从句互换。(2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般
现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。(3)在unless引导的条件状语从句中，主语和部分谓语有时可以省略。[佳句背诵]Unlessyoucansleepwell,youwilllosetheabilitytofocus,planandstaymotivatedafteroneortw
onights.除非你能睡得好，否则一两个晚上后你就会失去集中注意力、做好规划和保持积极性的能力。(2018·江苏卷)维度一在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式1．Itisreportedthatthegovernmentisconsideringremoving
arestriction(restrict)onimmigrationfromothercountriesintoitscountry.2．Becauseofhisadmirable(admire)successinplayingbasketball,heis
verypopularwithus.3．(2018·北京卷)Intoday’sinformationage,theloss(lose)ofdatacancauseseriousproblemsforacompany.4．Manybuildingsonthe
campusarehisoriginal(origin)creations.5．Itisimportanttojointheclub，thoughafewhaven’trealizedthesignifican
ce(significant)ofit.维度二在空白处填入1个适当的单词1．Atthemeeting，theheadmasterinsistedthattheproblemsreferredtobepaidatt
entionto.2．Itneveroccurredtomethatmyfriendhadbeenlyingtomeforyears.3．Ifyourchildlovesanimalsortheenvir
onment,alocalpetshelterorparkmaybeeagerforherhelp.4．Peoplewhoworkinofficesareusuallyreferredtoas“whitecollarworkers”．
5．Aslongasawillisset,holdontoitandhabitscanbealtered.维度三易错混用(改正下列句子中的错误)1．Idon’tknowwhatitwasinthenovelthatmadehimburstouttear
s.out→into或tears→crying2．Sheoftenmakesascheduletogetherselfremindingofwhatsheistodo.reminding→reminded3．Ilikepopsongs，thes
ongssungbyLiuHuaninparticularly.particularly→particular4．Theoldmanabandoningbyhissondidn’twanttosayanythingwheni
nterviewed.abandoning→abandoned5．ItsuddenlyoccurredtomewhetherIhadn’tlockedmycar.whether→that维度四语境品词(写出
加黑词汇在语境中的意义)1．(2019·江苏卷)Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.裂开2．
Inthelastdecade,theprojecthasexpandeditswelfaretosupport12，000poorstudents.扩大；扩充3．Onemajorsuggestionatthemeetin
gisthatthesetraditionalcustomsshouldbepreserved.保护；保存4．HedescribedwhathehadwitnessedinChina，whicharousedmuch
interestamonghiscountrymen.目击5．Wedidn’tknowhowhewouldreacttothoseeventsoccurringintheneighbourhood.发
生6．Whenyoumakeaspeech,you’dbetterprepareforitwellinadvanceandnotrefertoyournotestoooften.参考；查阅提能一语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核
心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)Oneday,WangPingwitnessedaterribleaccident1.occurring(occur)onthewayhome.Therewerefivepeopleknockedov
erandinjuredseriously,2.particularly(particular)thechild.Itwasthefirsttimethathe3.had__been(be)onanaccid
entscene.Hewasat4.alossuntilthepolicecame.Theyblocked5.outthestreetwheretheaccidenthappenedtopreservethescene.Onthescene,somepeopl
e6.burst(burst)outcrying,andmorepeoplegatheredaround7.to__figure(figure)outwhathappened.Soontwoambulancesdroveoverandsetout
todofirstaid.Itisofgreat8.significance(significant)togivetheinjuredfirstaidintime.However,itwasdiscouraging9.thattheinj
uredchilddiedbeforethedoctorcame.Itcan’tbetoo10.careful(care)atanytime.提能二话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本
单元所学词汇)①一个寒冷的冬天，我在去火车站的路上偶然遇见一位老人在乞讨。Onecoldwinterday,Iwason__my__way__tothetrainstationwhenIcame__acrossanoldmanwho__was__begging．②我不理解
他是怎样来到这儿的。Ididn’tfigure__out__how__he__arrived__here．③难道他是被自己的儿女抛弃了吗？Was__he__abandoned__byhisownsonsanddaughters?④保护老人是我们的职责。To__pres
erve__such__an__old__manisourduty.⑤除了把所有的零钱凑起来送给他以外，我什么也做不了。Icoulddo__nothing__but__gatherallmychangeforhim.2．升级平淡句⑥用it作形式主语升级句④It’s__our__duty_
_to__preserve__such__an__old__man.3．衔接成美文______________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：Onecoldwinterday,Iwas
onmywaytothetrainstationwhenIcameacrossanoldmanwhowasbegging.Ididn’tfigureouthowhearrivedhere.Washeabandonedbyhisownsonsanddaughters?It’sourduty
topreservesuchanoldman.Icoulddonothingbutgatherallmychangeforhim.课时练12篇阅读＋1篇完形Ⅰ阅读理解A(2020·太原模拟)Fairytalesperformman
yfunctions.Theyentertain,encourageimaginationandteachproblemsolvingskills.Theycanalsoprovidemorallessons,
highlightingthedangersoffailingtofollowthesocialcodesthatlethumanbeingscoexistinharmony.Suchmorallessonsmaynotmeanmuchtoarobot,butateamofresear
chersatGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologybelievesithasfoundawaytousethefairytalesasmorallessonsthatAI(artificialintelligence)
cantaketoitscold,mechanicalheart.Thecollectedstoriesofdifferentculturesteachchildrenhowtobehaveinsociallyacceptablewayswithexamplesofprope
randimproperbehaviorinfables,novelsandotherliterature.Webelievestorycomprehensioninrobotscanpreventtheintelligentrobotsfromkillingh
umanitywhichwaspredictedandfearedbysomeofthebiggestnamesintechnologyincludingStephenHawkingandBillGates.Thissystemiscalled“Quixote”.Itc
ollectsstoryplotsfromtheInternetandthenusesthosestoriestoteachrobotshowtobehave.Theexperimentdonebythedesignersinvolvesgo
ingtoadrugstoretopurchasesomemedicineforahumanwhoneedstogetitassoonaspossible.Therobothasthreeoptions.Itcanwaitinline;i
tcaninteractwiththestorekeeperpolitelyandpurchasethemedicinewithpriority;oritcanstealthemedicineandescape.Withoutanyfurtherdirectives(指示),therobotwi
llcometotheconclusionthatthemostefficientmeansofobtainingthemedicineistostealit.ButQuixoteoffersarew
ardforwaitinginlineandpolitelypurchasingthemedicineandapunishmentforstealingit.Inthisway,therobotwilllearnthemoralwaytobehaveon
thatoccasion.Quixotewouldworkbestonarobotthathasaverylimitedfunction.It’sababystepinthedirectionofteachingmoremorallessonsintorobots.Webelieveth
atAIhastobetrainedtoadoptthevaluesofaparticularsociety,andindoingso,itwillstrivetoavoidunacceptablebehavior.Givingrobots
theabilitytoreadandunderstandourstoriesmaybethemostefficientmeans.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。童话故事不但可以娱乐孩子们，还能让机器人拥有道德观念，使其更好地为人类服务。1．Whatfunctiondofairyt
alesperformintherobots?A．Theyentertainrobots.B．Theyhighlightdangers.C．Theymakerobotsmoreintelligent.D．Theyenablerobot
stobehavemorally.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ithasfoundawaytousethefairytalesasmorallessonsthatAI(artificialintelligence)cantaketoitscold,mechanicalheart”可知，
童话故事可以作为道德经验让人工智能机器人的行为符合道德规范，故D项正确。2．Whatis“Quixote”inthetext?A．Apunishmentsystem.B．Acharacterinliterature.C．Abignameintechnology.D．Akindofsoftware
educatingrobots.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Thissystemiscalled‘Quixote’.ItcollectsstoryplotsfromtheInternetandthenusesthosestoriestotea
chrobotshowtobehave.”可知，这个系统被称为“Quixote”；它从互联网上收集故事情节，然后用这些故事来教育机器人如何规范行为，由此可知，Quixote是一种教育机器人的软件，故D项正确。3．Whatdoesthedesignerexpectrob
otstodointheexperiment?A．Totakeadvantageofitsprivilege.B．Tofinishthetaskmostefficiently.C．Toperforminawellm
anneredway.D．Toberewardedbythestorekeeper.C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“WebelievethatAIhastobetrainedtoadoptthevaluesofaparticularsocie
ty,andindoingso,itwillstrivetoavoidunacceptablebehavior.”可推知，设计者希望机器人在实验中的行为能符合道德规范，故C项正确。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbestexpresstheauthor’s
opinion?A．Robotswilldefinitelyhavemorefunctions.B．Robotswithhumans’emotionsareperfect.C．Trainingrobotstobesociallyacceptabl
eisnecessary.D．Thedevelopmentofrobotsisstillinababystep.C解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的“WebelievethatAIhastobetrainedtoadopttheval
uesofaparticularsociety,andindoingso,itwillstrivetoavoidunacceptablebehavior.”可知，我们认为人工智能必须接受培训以适应特定社会的价值观，这
样做，它将努力避免不可接受的行为。据此可推知，训练机器人让其行为符合社会规范是必要的，故C项正确。B(2020·昆明教学质量检测)Five-year-oldPrisillaPerez,astudentatMeadorElementarySchool
inWillis,wasunhappywithherrecenthaircut,whichresultedfromaseveredisease.WhenstudentsinherclassstartedcallingPrisillaaboy,shefeltashamed
,oftencryingandlosingfocusinschool.Herteacher,ShannonGrimm,sympathizedwithherunhappiness.GrimmandPrisilla’smomwereconcer
ned,buttheirideasdidn’twork.“Wehadclassroomdiscussionsabouthowgirlshaveshorthairandboyshavelonghair,
andIshowedthemphotosofmoviestarswithdifferentlooks，”Grimmsaid,“However,itwasn’tsinkingin.”GrimmthoughtaboutP
risillathroughoutthewinterbreak,andonemorning,shehadanidea:Cutoffherhair—ascarythoughtforGrimm,whoworeherhairlongandtookprideinit.
“I’veneverhadshorthair,andIstressedaboutitfortwoweeksbeforemakingadecision，”shesaid.OnJan.4,Grimminvitedahairstylistfriendtoherhome.“
Itoldhimtokeepgoing,evenifIcried，”shesaid.Theclasslovedtheirteacher’snewdo,especiallyPrisilla,whoexcitedlyranofftheschoolbustha
tafternoonyelling,“Mom,Ms.Grimmcutherhair！”Theteacheralsoboughtmatchingbowsforherselfandthegirl,sotheycouldstyletheirhair
together.InFebruary,theteacherrecommendedPrisillafortheschooldistrict’sStudentoftheMonthAward,butduringth
eMondayceremony,shereceivedasurprise“heromedal”fromthegirl.“Nowwehavematchingawards，”saysGrimm.Prisilla’smother,M
aria,saidthatGrimm’sthoughtfulnessbroughthertotears.“Iwasshocked.Iwascrying.Icouldn’tbelieveit—shedidsomethingthatIwouldn’thavethebr
averytodo.Iwillneverforgetthat.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Grimm老师剪短头发以帮助学生Prisilla的故事。5．WhywasPrisillaunhappyatschool?A．Shewasn’tsatisfiedwithhert
eacher.B．Shecouldn’tconcentrateinclass.C．Shewaslaughedatbyherclassmates.D．Shecouldn’tgetonwellwithothers.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“
WhenstudentsinherclassstartedcallingPrisillaaboy,shefeltashamed,oftencryingandlosingfocusinschool.”可知，Prisilla在学校不开心是因为她被同学嘲笑。6．WhatmadeGrimm
haveherownhaircut?A．Praisefromherstudents.B．Devotiontoherstudents.C．RequestofPrisilla’smother.D．Suggestionfromthehairstylist.B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“G
rimmthoughtaboutPrisilla...shehadanidea:Cutoffherhair”可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，为了安慰Prisilla,Grimm老师决定把自己的头发剪短。由
此可推知，Grimm老师出于对学生的关爱才剪短了头发。7．WhatcanweknowaboutGrimm?A．ShehadherhaircuttogetherwithPrisilla.B．Sheexpressedhersincerethanksto
herpupils.C．Shehesitatedalotbeforehavingherhaircut.D．Shewonagoldmedalforfacingdifficultiesbravely.C解析：细节理解
题。根据第三段第二句中的“I’veneverhadshorthair,andIstressedaboutitfortwoweeksbeforemakingadecision”可知，Grimm老师剪短头发之前很犹豫。8．Whatisthetextmainlya
bout?A．HowGrimmhelpedherstudentout.B．WhatproblemPrisillahadatschool.C．WhyPrisillawontheMonthAward.D．WhenGrimmgothernewhairstyle
.A解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，她在学校很不开心，Grimm老师为了帮助、安慰她而剪短了自己的头发，故A项最能概括文章大意。Ⅱ完形填空(2020·合肥高三联考)Igotonthebustogotoschoolasnormallydo.Tod
ay,however,wasquite__1__．Asweapproachedthenextstop,alittlegirlgoton.She__2__herwallettofindthe$2topaythedriver,butIcould
__3__byherexpressionthatshedidn’thavethecorrect__4__.Therefore,Istoodup,tookout$2frommywallet,andpaid__5__thegirl.ThenIwalke
dbackandsatdown.Thegirl__6__me,sittingdownnexttome.Shesaid“thankyou”inasweetlittlevoiceandwebegantochat.Ifoundoutthatshewastryingtoge
ttoStateStreet.Ifelt__7__tothinkaboutagirlinsuchayoungage__8__aroundinthecitywithnomoneyorguardian.Whenmy__9__approached,Iinstructedhertoget
offwithmeandsheagreed.Aswegottothe__10__，thelittlegirltookmyhand,andI__11__heracrossthestreettosafety.__12__，Ihadsomesparetime,soI__13__thegir
ltoStateStreet,gaveher$5,toldherhowtogethome,andsaidgoodbye.AsI__14__outmyhandtoshake,sherantomeandgavemethebiggestand__15__hug.Wewa
vedeachothergoodbyeandshelookedatmewiththesweetestblueeyes,andthensheskippedaway__16__thestreet.Althoughmynewfriend,Emily,wasju
sta9yearoldgirl,shegaveme__17__thatwilltakehermanyyearstounderstand.Aswehugged,noneofussaidaword;__18__,Iknewthatourheartshadmetanda__19
__wasmade.Noagecanlimitthe__20__ofone’sheartorthelovethattheycangive.【解题导语】作者热心帮助了一个在公交车上遇到的小女孩，小女孩给了他大大的拥抱。作者感悟到任何年龄都不能限制一个人内心的力量
或他们所能给予的爱。1．A.frighteningB．disappointingC．differentD．crazyC解析：根据句中however表示转折可知今天与以往不同，下文叙述了事情经过。故选C项。frightening令人恐惧的；disappointi
ng令人失望的；different不同的；crazy疯狂的。2．A.observedB．touchedC．presentedD．searchedD解析：根据空后“herwallettofindthe$2”可知女孩上车后从钱包里找钱付车费，根
据当时情境可知选D项。observe观察；touch触摸；present提出；search寻找。3．A.tellB．hearC．imagineD．baseA解析：女孩的表情告诉“我”她没有正好的钱付车费，指从她的表情看出。故选A项。4．A.ticketB．accessC
．permitD．fareD解析：此处指女孩没有正好的钱付车费，指车费。故选D项。5．A.forB．offC．backD．toA解析：payforsb.指为某人付款，此处指“我”为女孩付了车费。故选A项。6．A.followedB．pushedC．notice
dD．excusedA解析：“我”为女孩付车费后，女孩跟随“我”，然后坐在了“我”旁边表示感谢。故选A项。7．A.tiredB．boredC．troubledD．inspiredC解析：根据句中“aro
undinthecitywithnomoneyorguardian”可知作者对这个小女孩没有钱和监护人自己在城市坐车感到不安，根据常识选C项。tired疲倦的；bored无聊的；troubled不安的；inspired能力卓越的。8．A.chattingB．lookingC．playing
D．wanderingD解析：此处指女孩自己在城市里坐车闲逛，wanderaround徘徊，闲逛。故选D项。9．A.companyB．storeC．centerD．stopD解析：根据下句“getoffwithme”可知是作者到站了。故
选D项。10．A.cornerB．crossroadsC．destinationD．shopB解析：根据“acrossthestreettosafety”可知他们走到十字路口过马路。故选B项。11．A.madeB．hurriedC．ledD．freedC解
析：此处指作者带领小女孩安全过马路，故选C项。12．A.UsuallyB．LuckilyC．GenerallyD．PersonallyB解析：幸好“我”有些空闲时间，所以“我”陪伴小女孩去她的目的地，表示“幸运的是”。故选B项。13．A.accomp
aniedB．treatedC．invitedD．instructedA解析：此处表示“我”有时间，所以陪伴女孩去她的目的地，指陪伴女孩。故选A项。14．A.pulledB．carriedC．madeD．h
eldD解析：此处指“我”伸出手和女孩握手，holdout伸出。故选D项。15．A.toughestB．tightestC．softestD．strongestB解析：女孩跑过来给了“我”一个最大最紧的拥抱，指紧紧地拥抱。故选B项。16．A.acrossB．overC．offD．downD解析：
此处指女孩沿着街连蹦带跳地走了，downthestreet沿着大街。故选D项。17．A.somethingB．anythingC．nothingD．everythingA解析：这个9岁的女孩给了“我”她多年之后才会明白的东
西，用于肯定句。故选A项。18．A.otherwiseB．howeverC．besidesD．thereforeB解析：“我们”拥抱时谁都没说话，然而“我”知道“我们”的心相遇而且还建立了一种联系，表示转折。故选B项。19．A.connectionB．contributionC．conclusi
onD．decisionA解析：此处指“我”和小女孩之间建立了一种联系。connection联系，关系；contribution贡献；conclusion结论；decision决定。故选A项。20．A.strengthB．powerC．for
ceD．energyA解析：任何年龄都不能限制一个人内心的力量或他们所能给予的爱，指内心的力量。故选A项。strength力量；power权力；force武力；energy能量。课时练22篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋1篇语法填空Ⅰ阅读理解A(2020·武汉调研)Theboy
satonhischair,withhishandsabovethekeyboard.Hethoughtaboutwhattowrite.Herecalledthatthecompetitiondeadlinewasmerelyaweekaway.Buthestillhadnotevensta
rtedonhispiece.Helookedatthebrochureagain.“WRITINGCOMPETITION！”thetitleread.Hismomhadencouragedhimtoenterthewritingcompetition,andnow
hewastakingitonashispersonaltaskfortheholidays.Astheboyreflectedonhispreviouswritingefforts,herealizedhowho
pelesshistaskofwinningwas.Everystoryheeverwrotewasbasedonotherstories.Hehadlittleimagination,andunfortunately
,imaginationwasthekeytowriting.Suddenly,hehadabrainwave.Thistime,hecameupwithanoriginalandimaginativestory.Thewordsshottowardshimli
keastormofleaves.Wordswerecomingeasily,flowingthroughhim,fasterthanhecouldtype.Hetypedfasterthanheeverhadbefore.Hecontinuedtotype,amazedhow
easywritingthisstorywas.Theboycouldnotstopwriting.Helookedatthewordcountandsawthenumber“248”staringrightbackathim.Hewasnotevenhalfwayyet.Thenheh
eardhismother’scallofsayingtimeforbed.Hecontinuedwritingthepiece,ignoringher.Hehadtomakeupforthetimehehadlostinthin
kingaboutatopictowrite.Finally,hefinished.Thewordcountnowread“498”．“Perfect，”hethought,“justunderthewordlimit.”Heknewthiswasthestorythatw
ouldwin.Hewenttothewebsiteandsearchedforthecompetition.Hefoundthepagebuttherewasno“Enter”button.Confused,hethenrereadthe
pageagain.ItreadCOMPETITIONCLOSED.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。小男孩坐在电脑前，冥思苦想地进行写作。他参加的是一个网络写作比赛，可是怎么也想不出写作主题。好一会儿后，他茅塞顿开，快速敲击键盘，可是等到他写好文章准备提交时，页
面上却显示“COMPETITIONCLOSED”。1．Whatcausedtheboytotakepartinthewritingcompetition?A．Anewcomputer.B．Theprizemoney.C．Hisowninterest.D．Hismom’sencourag
ement.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“Hismomhadencouragedhimtoenterthewritingcompetition,andnowhewastakingitonashispersonaltaskfortheholid
ays.”可知，他的妈妈鼓励他参加写作比赛，现在他把写作作为假期的个人任务；据此可知，他参加写作比赛是他妈妈鼓励的，故D项正确。2．Howdidtheboyfinishhisearlierwriting?A．Hismomhe
lpedhim.B．Hecopiedothers’ideas.C．Hisfriendsassistedhim.D．Heusedhisimagination.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Everystoryheeverwrot
ewasbasedonotherstories.”可知，他之前写的每一个故事都是以其他故事为基础；据此可知，以前写作时，他总是仿照别人的故事写，故B项正确。3．Whydidtheboydelayhiswriting?A．Becausehewaste
rriblylazy.B．Becausehedidn’tknowwhattowrite.C．Becausehewasn’tconfident.D．Becausehereadtoomanystories.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Hethoughtaboutwhattowrit
e.”及第三段的内容“Astheboyreflectedonhispreviouswritingefforts,herealizedhowhopelesshistaskofwinningwas...Hehadlittleimagination,andunfortun
ately,imaginationwasthekeytowriting.”及倒数第五段尾句“Hehadto...write.”可知，想象力是写作的关键，而他又缺乏想象力；另外，由于他不知道写什么，所以他延误了写作时间，故B项正
确。4．Whichmightbethemaximumwordlimitforeachentry?A．100.B．250.C．500.D．1，000.C解析：推理判断题。根据第七段“Finally,hefinished.Th
ewordcountnowread‘498’．”可知，他写了498个词，终于完成了；结合第八段第一句“‘Perfect，’hethought，‘justunderthewordlimit.’”可知，他认为太完美了，刚好低于限定的词数；
据此可以判断，文章的最高限定词数可能为500，故C项正确。B(2020·成都高三第一次诊断)Youngtreesdon’tjustgrow；theydevelopapersonalityandlearnmorea
bouttheirenvironmentandhowtheyshouldbestbehaveinit.Theyalsohelpeachotheroutwheneverthere’strouble.Personality,justasamong
people,variesamongtrees.Someareanxious,somebold.Ontheauthor’sland，therearethreeoaktreesgrowingclosetogether.Oneo
ftheoaktreesalwaysstartstosheditsleavestwoweeksearlierthantheothers.Sincetheyallexperiencethesametemperature，thesamesoilandthesamelengthofday,suchvar
iablescan’tbetheexplanation.Sowhat’shappening？Well，thistreeissimplymorecarefulthantheothers.Whoeverholdsontothe
irleaveslongercandomorephotosynthesis(光合作用)andstoremorenutrients.However,thelongeratreekeepsitsleaves,thehighertheris
kofinjury.Notonlydotreesmaketheirowndecisions,theyalsolearnfromtheirmistakes.Atree,forexample,keepingi
tsleavestoolongduringoneyearwillnevermakethismistakeagain.Thisleadstoseveralotherconclusions:treesmustnoticethetemperaturean
dthelengthofthedayandbeabletosavetheirexperiencessomewhere.Obviously,treesdon’thavebrains,butitisthoughtthatinthesen
sitivetipsoftheirrootstheykeeptrackofinformationandexperiences.Buttreesaren’tonlycleverwhenitcomestocaringforthemselves.Theyalsosupporteac
hotherwheneverthere’stroublebygivingwarningsandeventakingcareofsickandweakconspecificswithnutrients.Fo
rexample,onetimetheauthorfoundaveryoldtreestump.Itsinsideshadrottedalongtimeagototopsoil.Butthewoodontheo
utsideofthestumpwasstillliving.Howwasthispossible？Well,thestumpwasnourishedbyitsneighborswithnutrientsfromtherootsystem,andhadbeenforatl
east400years!Whydotreesdo__such__a__thing？It’ssimple:it’sbettertogether.Treesneedtheforest;itprotectsth
emfromstorms,providestherightmicroclimateandwarnsthemofattacks.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时
它们也会互相帮助。研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。5．Whydoestheauthormentionthethreeoaktrees?A．Toillustratetreescanlearnfromexperiences.B．Toshowtr
eescanmakeindependentdecisions.C．Toexplaintreesarequitesupportivetoeachother.D．Toprovetreeshavethesamepersonal
itiesashumans.B解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第四句“Oneoftheoaktreesalwaysstartstosheditsleavestwoweeksearlierthantheothers.”可知，三棵橡树中，有一棵总比其他两棵先落叶；结合第三段第一句“Notonlydotre
esmaketheirowndecisions,theyalsolearnfromtheirmistakes.”可知，树木能自己做决定。据此可推知，作者提及三棵橡树旨在说明树木可以自己做决定，故B项正确。6．Accord
ingtothetext,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesgeneralfeaturesoftrees?A．Anxiousandbold.B．Smartandadventurous.C．Helpfulandwellbehave
d.D．Adaptableandsupportive.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Notonlydotreesmaketheirowndecisions,theyalsolearnfromth
eirmistakes.”，并结合第三段内容可知，树木不仅能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。据此可推知，树木适应能力强。根据第四段第一、二句“Buttreesaren’tonlycleverwhenitcomestocaringforthemselves.They
alsosupporteachotherwheneverthere’stroublebygivingwarningsandeventakingcareofsickandweakconspecificswithnutrients.”可知，树木不仅善于照顾自己，当遇到困难时，它们会发出警告，相互支持，
甚至照顾生病、虚弱的同类；据此可推知，树木之间互帮互助，故D项正确。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“dosuchathing”mean?A．Givewarnings.B．Offerassistance.C．Dependonother
s.D．Providenutrients.B解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段尾句“Well，thestumpwasnourishedbyitsneighborswithnutrientsfromtherootsystem,
andhadbeenforatleast400years！”可知，树桩是由它的邻居从根处给予营养来滋养的；结合第五段第一句“Whydotreesdo__such__a__thing？”和其后的内容可知，该处表示“为什么树木要互相帮助？”，故画线短语是指提供帮助，故B项正
确。8．Wheredoesthistextmostprobablycomefrom?A．Apubliclecture.B．Asciencebook.C．Anexperimentreport.D．Atraveljournal.B
解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它们也会互相帮助。研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。据此可推知，本文最可能选自科学书籍，故B项正确。Ⅱ七选五(
2020·大连高三双基测试)Haveyoueverhadtimesquestioningyourselfandfeelingdiscouraged?Ifyouansweryes,whatyou’veexperiencedisnegativeselftalk.1._
_______.Yousaytoyourselfuntruethingslike,“I’mnotgoodenough.I’madisappointment.”Thesefalsebeliefsstopusinourtracks.So,howdoyoustopthenegativeselfta
lk?•2.________Knowyou’respecial.Youare“Oneofakind！”Thereisnootherpersonthatthinksexactlylikeyou.Whenyoubegintosinc
erelybelievehowspecialyouare,it’seasiertofightthenegativeselftalk.•ChangeyourassociationsYournegativesel
ftalkcomesfromyourenvironment.Youdidn’tjustaccidentallywakeuponedaythinkingofbadthingsaboutyourself.Itmaybebecausesomeone,somewhereinyourlif
ehastoldyounegativethingsaboutyouandwhetheryouacceptitornot,youbelievethem.However,ifyousurroundyourselfw
iththerightpeople,theywillbuildyouup,inspireyouandmakeyoufeelbetter.3.________．•ChangeyourdialogueReadandsayallthewonderfulthingsabout
yourselfatleast5timesperday.Lookatyourselfinthemirrorandsay,“Iamamazing！”4.________，andyou’llbelieveyouareawesomeprettysoon.Ofcourse,thereare
otherthingstostopnegativeselftalk.5.________，butifyouaredeterminedtothinkpositivelyineverysituation,thatwillbringapositivec
hangeinyourlife.A．ThinkthesamewayB．ChangeisnoteasyC．ChangeyourpositionD．ItbeginsinyourbrainE．ChangeyourstateofmindF．You’llsee
kouttherightpeopletohelpchangeyourthoughtsG．You’llstarttobelievethegreatthingstheytellyoulittlebylittle【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何停
止消极的自我对话。1．D解析：空前一句是说如果你的答案是肯定的，那么你所经历的就是消极的自我对话。空后是说你对自己说一些不真实的情况，由此可推知，D项“它始于你的大脑”衔接上下文，符合语境。2．E解析：根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，空处为本段的小标题。本段内容都是在
描述一个人好的心态的表现，故E项“改变你的心态”最能概括本段内容。3．G解析：根据空前一句“然而，如果你结交了正确的人，他们会让你振作起来，激励你，让你感觉更好”可知，G项“你会开始逐渐地相信他们告诉你的美好的事情”衔接上文，符合语境。4．A解析：空前一句是说看着镜子中的自己对自己
说“我太棒了！”，空后是说你很快就会相信你很棒，由此可知A项符合语境。5．B解析：空后表示“但如果你决心在任何情况下都积极思考，这将给你的生活带来积极的改变”。其中but为表转折意义的提示词，故B项“改变并不容易”符合语境，衔接下文。Ⅲ语法填空(
2020·安徽省示范高中模拟)Properexerciseisbeneficialtoourhealth.Astheexpertssay,swimmingisanexcellentwaytoworkyourentirebody.Anhourofswimming1.___________
_(burn)almostasmanycaloriesasrunning.Thereareahostofbenefitsyoumaygainfromswimming2.____________(regular)．Oneof3.____________bigges
tbenefitsofswimmingisthatittrulyworkswellfromheadtotoe.Itcannotonlyincreaseyourheartratewithout4._________
___(stress)yourbody,butalsobuildupyourmusclesand5.____________(strong).Besides,swimmingmakesyourheartandlungstrong.Itissogoodforyouthatr
esearcherssayitmayevenreduceyourriskofdeath.6.____________(compare)withinactivepeople,7.____________(
swim)haveabouthalftheriskofdeath.Someotherstudieshaveshownthatswimmingmayhelplowerbloodpressureandcontrolblo
odsugar.Thenumberofpersons8.____________experiencesomelevelofinsomnia(失眠症)isincreasing,sothisisexcellen
tnews—theresearchersconcludethatswimmingisapotentiallypowerfulwaytorelievestressquicklyandpromotedeepersleep.Swimmingissaf
eformostpeople.Aswithanyworkout,therearecertainrisksassociatedwithswimming.Ifyou9.____________(injure)orhavecertainmedicalconditions,besur
etocheckwithyourdoctorbeforeswimming.10.____________general,it’sagoodideatocheckwithyourdoctorwheneveryoustartanewexerciseprogram.【解题导语】本文是一
篇说明文。游泳运动和跑步燃烧的卡路里相当，经常游泳的人获益良多，如可以增加心率，增强肌肉和力量，并能让心肺功能增强。1．burns解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：游泳一小时几乎和跑步一小时燃烧的卡路里一样多。根据句意可知，此句陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时；且此句
主语为“Anhourofswimming”，属于第三人称单数，故谓语动词用burns。2．regularly解析：考查副词。句意：经常游泳你将获益良多。空处修饰动名词“swimming”，故用其副词形式。3．the解析：
考查冠词。根据空后的“biggest”可知，空处应用定冠词the。4．stressing解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词“without”可知，空处应用动名词形式。此处是说，游泳可以让身体在不紧张的情况下提高心率。5．strength解析：考查名词。此处是说，游
泳还可以增强肌肉和力量。根据空前的“yourmuscle”可知，空处用名词形式。6．Compared解析：考查非谓语动词。此句的主语和动词compare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示“与不活跃的人相比”，故用其
过去分词形式。7．swimmers解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：与不活跃的人相比，游泳者只有大约一半的死亡风险。分析句子结构可知，空处为此句的主语，表示“游泳者”，故用其名词形式；且swimmer为可数名词，而此处表示群体，故用其复数形式。8．who/
that解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，空处应为引导词，在从句中作主语，先行词为persons，故用who/that引导此定语从句。9．areinjured解析：考查被动语态。句意：如果你受伤或患某种疾病，在游泳前一定要咨询医生。分析句子结构可知，
此句主语和动词injure之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。10．In解析：考查固定搭配。ingeneral为固定搭配，意为“总的来说，通常”。句意：通常，无论何时在开始新的锻炼项目之前，向医生核实一下是
一个好方法。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com
