【文档说明】【英语周报】2016-2017学年高二外研版选修七备课资料：Module 3 背景材料 文章 Charles Dickens .doc，共(3)页，40.000 KB，由envi的店铺上传

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1CharlesDickensCharlesDickenswasoneofthegreatfiguresinEnglishliteratureandhasmaintainedhispopularitytothepresentda

ybecauseofhisbreadthofappeal.Manyofthecharactershecreatedhavesincepassedintoasortofmodernmythologywhilemanyofhisquotationshavebecomepartofev

erydaylanguage.Hisworkshavebeentranslatedintopracticallyeverylanguageandhisnovelshavebeenadaptedtoplays,films,musicals,andsoon.Charle

sDickenswasoneofthemostpopularwritersofhisdayaswell.Hisuniqueblendofhumour,pathosandhumanitarianismres

oundsthroughoutallhisworks,andmadehimwildlypopularinhistime.Overtheyearshehasreceivedhisfairshareofpraise,andtodayheisgenerallyregardedasaseriouslit

eraryartistaswellasasocialanalyst.HisdepictionofVictoriansocietyasbeingindustrialized,greedy,andselfimport

anthasearnedhisaseatamongthegreatmorallyandsociallyresponsiblewritersofhistory.CharlesDickenswasbornatPortseaonFebruary7,1812.Hisfa

therwasaclerkintheNavyPayOfficeandhismotherwasofmiddleclassorigin.Dickens'searliestyearswerehappyones.Hewasc

onsideredadelicateandimaginativeboy,andspentmuchofhistimewanderingalongthecountryoftheThamesandMedwayestuaries.Indeed,

thiscountrysidewaslatertobecomethesettingofmanyscenesinhisnovels.HereadShakespeare,theArabianNights,andmany18thCenturynovelshehadfoundinhisattic.A

tschoolhewasaquicklearnerandeasilydistinguishedhimself.In1822theDickensfamilyrelocatedtoLondonafterhisfat

herwastransferredthere.CharleshadbeenleftinChathamtofinishhisschooltermandlaterjoinedhisfamily.Whenhearrivedh

efoundthemlivinginpoverty.Hisfatherhadrunintofinancialdifficulty,andnowtherewastobenomoreschoolingforCharles,onlyhousehol

dchores.NowheroamedtheLondonstreets,insteadoftheThamesandMedwayestuaries.InFebruary1824hisfatherwasarrestedfordebtsand

takentoMarshalseaprison.TwelveyearoldCharleswasnowsenttoworkinablackingwarehouseforawageofsixshillingsaweektosupporthimself,astheresto

fthe2DickensfamilyhadrelocatedintheMarshalsea.HisfatherwasreleasedinMay1824,butletCharlescontinueworkingforaf

ewweeksmore.ItwasthesemonthsofhumiliationanddespairthatweretohaveaprofoundimpactonCharlesDickens.Itwasthisexperie

ncethatprovidedhimwiththerelentlessdrivehewasknownfor,anditwasthisexperiencethatinspiredthecreationofthesufferingchi

ldrenandvictimsofinjusticesooftenfoundinhisbooks.DickensstudiedforafewmoreyearsatWellingtonHouseAcademy,andthenatagefifteenh

ebecameanofficeboyatthelawfirmofEllisandBlackmore.Increasinglydissatisfiedwiththisdullwork,heeventuallyturnedtojou

rnalism.By1832hewasgeneralreporterfortheTrueSunandalsoparliamentaryreporterforhisuncle'snewspaper,theMirrorofParliament.Heals

obeganwritingfictionalstoriesforLondonmagazines.ThesestoriesattractedattentionandinFebruary1836atwovolumecollectionwaspublishednamedSketchesByBoz.

AtthesametimeDickens'sfirstnovel,PickwickPapers(1836-1837)wasbeingwritten.Thiscoincidedwithhismarria

getoCatherineHogarth.Catherineborehimtenchildreninfifteenyears,buttheirrelationshipeventuallydeterioratedandtheyseparatedin1858.Inthemea

ntime,PickwickPapersbroughtCharlesDickensfame.Inthenexteightyearsheproducedfivemorenovels,miscellaneo

usstories,andseveralChristmasbooks,mostnotableofwhichwasAChristmasCarol,whichwaspublishedin1843andquicklybecameoneoftheworld'sclassics.Hismanybook

sonvariousthemesearnedDickensareputationasasocialreformer.Hispublic,whichhehadoncemadelaugh,henowmadecry,especiall

ywiththedeathoflittleNellinTheOldCuriosityShop.ThecharacterofNellwasbasedonhissister-in-law,MaryHogarth,whoatageseventeentook

illanddiedinDickens'sarms.Thissadmemorywastohaunthimtilltheendofhisdays.By1849Dickenshadslowedinwriting,butwasreachingthepeakof

hiscreativepowers.Between1849-1850hewrotehismostautobiographicalnovel,DavidCopperfield.ThiswasfollowedbyBleakHouse

(1852-1853),HardTimes(1854),andLittleDorrit(1855-1857).InLittleDorritthereisafusionoftheautobiographicaland3socialcriticism,astheMarshalseadebtors'p

risonisdisplayedasasymbolofEngland'scondition.ThiswasfollowedbyATaleOfTwoCities(1859)andGreatExpectations(1860-

1861).TheselaternovelsshowedaDickenswhowasmoresomberthanbefore.Thiswaspartlyaresultofsocialdisillusionmentandpartlyofpersonalanddo

mesticcircumstances.Despitehisliterarysuccesses,Dickenswasnotahappyman.Hismarriagewasfallingapartandinthespringof1859heandhi

swifeseparated.TheimmediatereasonforthebreakupwasDickens'sgrowingattractiontotheyoungactressEllenLawlessTernan.CharlesDicken

sspentthelastdecadeofhislifeinincreasedpersonalunhappinessandfailinghealth.HegainednorealhappinessfromhisrelationshipwithEllenTernan

.Moreover,hissons,givenalltheadvantageshelacked,werenotturningoutaswellashehadhoped.Oneortwoofthemapparentlyhadinheritedtheirgrandfather'sattitudeto

wardsmoneyanditseemedtheyweredestinedforuselesslivesmuchinthemanneroftheearlyPipinGreatExpectations.From1858onward,Di

ckensspentmuchofhisenergygivingaseriesofpublicreadingsfromhisownworks.Theywereextremelysuccessful,andin1867,despitepoo

rhealth,hevisitedtheUnitedStateswherehisperformanceswereagreatsuccessaswell.HelefttheUnitedStatesinApril1868inirreparablypo

orhealth.Hecontinuedtopushhimself,andwashalfwaythroughhislastnovel,TheMysteryofEdwinDrood,whenhehadastrok

eanddied,atGlad'sHill,onJune9,1870.HewasburiedfivedayslaterinWestminsterAbbey.