【文档说明】高考英语（人教版）一轮复习学案：选修72Unit2　Robots含答案.docx，共(22)页，1.178 MB，由envi的店铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.doc5u.com/view-271db177c84cba54d0bf9b944ec3bd79.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇——分类记忆Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意1．householdadj.家庭的；家用的n.一家人；家庭2．fictionn.小说；虚构或想象出来的事3．bonusn.额外津贴；奖金；红利4．

affectionn.喜爱；爱；感情5．scanvt.细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；扫描6．grandadj.大的；豪华的；雄伟的7．absurdadj.荒谬的；可笑的8．cushionn.(坐、跪时用

的)软垫；靠垫；垫子9．necklacen.项链10．countern.柜台；计数器11．cuisinen.烹饪(风味)；菜肴12．overweightadj.超重的；体重超常的13．awfuladj.极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；(口语)糟透的14．biographyn.(由他人撰写的)传

记；传记文学15．theoreticaladj.理论(上)的；假设的16．mailboxn.〈美〉邮筒；信箱17．digitaladj.数字的；数码的；手指的；脚趾的18．elegantadj.优雅的；高雅

的；讲究的Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形1．desiren.渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要2．envyvt.忌妒；羡慕3．divorcen.离婚；断绝关系vt.与……离婚；与……脱离4．boundadj.一定的；密切相关的5．part­timeadj.兼职的6．ju

nioradj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的n.年少者；晚辈；等级较低者7．sympathyn.同情(心)8．staffn.全体员工；手杖9．clerkn.售货员；职员；旅馆接待员10．navyn.海军；海军部队Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变1．satisfyvt.使满足；使满意→sati

sfying/satisfactoryadj.令人满意的→satisfiedadj.满意的→satisfactionn．满意；满足；令人满意的事物2．alarmvt.使警觉；使惊恐n．警报；惊恐→alarmedadj.担心的；害怕的→alarmingadj.令人惊恐

的3．declarevt.宣布；声明→declarationn．宣言；公布4．receivev．接收；收到→receivern．收件人；电话听筒5．talentn．天才；特殊能力；才干→talentedadj.有才干的；有才能的6．obeyvt.&vi.服从；顺从→d

isobeyvt.&vi.不服从；违抗7．accompanyvt.陪伴；伴奏→companyn．陪伴；伴随；公司→companionn．伙伴；伴侣；同伴8．favourn．喜爱；恩惠vt.喜爱；偏袒→favoura

bleadj.赞成的；有利的→favouriteadj.最喜爱的1.over-前缀词全接触①overweightadj.超重的②overloadvt.超载③overvaluevt.高估④overwor

kvi.过度工作⑤overusevt.过度使用2.“婚姻”词汇知多少①divorcen．离婚②marryv.结婚③marriagen.婚姻④weddingn.婚礼⑤bridegroomn.新郎⑥bride

n.新娘3.“一字母之差”的单词一览①affectv．影响→effectn．影响；作用②fellown．家伙→followv．跟随③willown．垂柳→pillown．枕头④weepv．哭泣→peepv．窥视⑤willn．意愿→fillv．填充(二

)重点短语——记牢用活1．in__all一共；总计2．test__out考验出；检验完3．ring__up给……打电话4．turn__around转身；翻转5．set__aside将……放在一边6．reach__for伸手去够7

．or__rather更确切地说8．leave...alone不管；别惹；让……一个人待着9．be__bound__to一定做……10．in__favour__of__支持；赞成1.这个电话怎么打？①ringup给……打电话②cal

l/telephonesb.给某人打电话③givesb.acall/ring给某人打个电话④makeaphonecall打个电话⑤callback回电话⑥hangup挂断电话⑦holdon别挂电话2．“一共；总计”的相关表达①inall一共；合计；总计②intotal总共；合计；总计③allto

gether总共；一起④altogetheradv.总共；完全地3．“or”相关短语全接触①orso大约；上下②orelse否则；要不然③orrather更确切地说④either...or...要么……要么……(三)重点句式——背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：more...than...与

其说……倒不如说……HisnamewasTonyandheseemedmore__like__a__human__than__a__machine．他的名字叫托尼，他看起来与其说像一台机器倒不如说像一个人。句型2：it作形式主语的主语从句It__was__disturbing__and_

_frightening__thathelookedsohuman.机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。句型3：方位或时间副词位于句首时的完全倒装Assheturnedaround,there__stoodGladysClaffern.她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉

芬站在那儿。句型4：what感叹句What__a__sweet__victorytobeenviedbythosewomen!受到那些女士的妒忌，这该是多么甜美的胜利啊！二、语境强化训练Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Astopresents,I

proposethatyoushouldchoosesomewithNewZealandfeatures,whichisbound(一定的)towinyourfriend’saffection.2．Ons

eeingthatthefamousactresscameontothestagewithherboyfriendaccompanying(陪伴)her,allthefansburstoutscreaming.3．To

beapopularstudent,wemustshowourrespect,concernandsympathy(同情)forothers.4．Shewouldliketofindapart­time(兼职的)jobtosupporth

islargefamily.5．Ifeelgreatsympathyforthelittlegirlwhoseparentsgotdivorced(divorce)threeyearsago.6．NowadaysChinaisdevelopingfast,w

hichisenvied(envy)byothercountries.Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1．(2019·天津卷阅读B)TherewasnotonenightthatIdon’tremembermomreadingmeastorybookbymybedside.I

wasextremelyinspiredbytheelegantwaythewordssounded.优雅的，高雅的2．(2018·浙江卷6月阅读A)Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethin

glike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.小说3．(2017·天津卷阅读B)PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascan

ningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.扫描4．(2017·天津卷阅读A)Afterrealisinganemailaccident,youarelike

lytofeelawful.糟糕的；可怕的Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空1．Tothesatisfactionoftheboss,hisproductscouldsatisfytheneedsof

thecustomers.(satisfy)2．IwasveryalarmedtohearthealarmingnewsthatanotherbombinghadhitLondon.(alarm)3．EverybodysaidJ

anewasatalentedgirlbecauseshedidwellinallhersubjectsandhadatalentforsinging,dancinganddrawing.(talent)

4．Theoldblindmanaskedmetodohimafavourandfindhisfavouritebook.(favour)5．Tomhadadeepaffectionforhisgrandfather，sohewasde

eplyaffectedbyhisgrandfather’sdeath.(affect)Ⅳ.选词成篇beboundto;taketheplaceof;infavourof;leave...alone;setasideWiththenu

mberoftheelderlyover60increasing，herecomesanagingsocietyinChina.That’saseriousproblemwearefacing.Astheyounggeneration，weshould1.set__asid

esometimetoaccompanythemratherthan2.leavethemalone.However，itisobviousthatwewon’thaveenoughtimetokeepthemcompany.Withthedevelop

mentofscienceandtechnology,moreandmoreintelligentrobotsarebeingusedinindustrialfields,3.taking__the__place__ofhumanstodomanydangerou

stasks.Robots4.are__bound__tobringusmuchconvenience,buttheycan’treplacehumansinallaspectsofourlife.AsfarasI’mconcerned,Iam5.in__f

avour__ofdevelopingnewhouseholdrobots.Ⅴ.完成句子1．听到这个消息，与其说那位老教授生气了，还不如说他感到遗憾。Theoldprofessorwasmore__sor

ry__than__angrywhenheheardthenews.2．曾经被毁坏的地方现在已经变成了一所充满生机的美丽的学校，这真是令人惊叹。It’s__really__amazing__thattheonce

-ruinedplacehasnowbeenturnedintoabeautifulschool,fulloflife.3．我们的图书馆位于校中心。Inthecenterofourschoollies__our__library．4．看！男孩们正在操场上玩耍。多么热

烈的场景啊！Look！Theboysareplayingontheplayground.What__a__warm__scene__it__is!desiren．渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thisphotor

emindsusthatweallappreciatebeautyandthatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure.②Wedesirethatimmediatehelp(should)__be__given(giv

e)tothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrappedbytheflood.[能力提升]——一句多译(2018·北京卷书面表达)既然你渴望学习中国文化，我认为北京语言大学是你的理想去处。③Now__

that__you__have__a__desire__to__learn__Chinese__culture,__IthinkBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversityisanidealplaceforyou.(desiren．)④Since__you__de

sire__to__learn__Chinese__culture,__IthinkBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversityisanidealplaceforyou.(desirevt.)(1)havea(strong)desiretodosth.fors

th.(迫切)想要做某事(强烈)渴望得到某物)(2)desiretodosth.渴望做某事desirethat...(should)dosth.想要……做某事[佳句背诵]Learningthatyouhaveshowngreattalentindesigni

ngrobots,hereIdesiretoinviteyoutojoin.得知你在设计机器人方面颇有天赋，我很想邀请你前来参加。(2018·天津卷书面表达)favourn．喜爱；恩惠；帮忙；优惠vt.喜爱；偏袒[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2019·天津卷)Opportunityfa

vors(favor)thosewithacuriousmind.②Ourproductshavegoodfameathomeandabroad,deeplyfavoured(favour)bycustome

rs.[能力提升]——词汇升级③(普通表达)IamwritingtotellyousomethingaboutmyplanforthecomingsummervacationandIalsowantyoutohelpme.(全国

卷Ⅰ书面表达)(高级表达)IamwritingtotellyousomethingaboutmyplanforthecomingsummervacationandIalsowantyoutodo__me__a__favour．(1)asksb.afavour请某人帮忙do

sb.afavour帮某人一个忙owesb.afavour欠某人一个情(2)infavourof同意；支持；优先选择inone’sfavour有利于某人[佳句背诵]①Themanagerwassurprisedtolearn

thatthepeoplepresentatthemeetingwerenotinfavouroftheplan.经理得知出席会议的人不支持这一计划很吃惊。②Thefavourofadropofwaterhasbeenrewardedwithth

egratitudeofafountainofwater.受人滴水之恩，当以涌泉相报。alarmvt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动n．警报；惊恐；闹钟[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Onhearingthescream,hejumped

upinalarm.②Thefiremenwere__alarmed(alarm)atthebigfiretheyhadneverseenbefore.[能力提升]——词汇/句式升级③(普通表达)Iwasonmywaytotheb

ookstorewhenagirlwasknockeddownbyapassingcar,anditfrightenedme.(高级表达)Iwasonmywaytothebookstorewhenagirlwasknockeddownbyapassingcar,which__made__me

__alarmed/which__alarmed__me．(which引导定语从句)(1)inalarm惊恐地(2)alarmedadj.担心的；害怕的be/getalarmedat/by/about对……惊恐/担心(3)alarmingadj.令人惊恐的

[佳句背诵]Thereisnothingtogetalarmedat/aboutforitiscommoninourdailylife.没有什么可害怕的，因为这在我们日常生活中是常见的。accompanyvt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有[基础练习]

——单句语法填空①(2018·浙江卷6月应用文写作)Foranother,Ihaveaccumulatedrelatedexperiencebyworkingpart­timeinatravelagency,

accompanying(accompany)someforeigntourists.②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Teresapostedaphotoofthechancemeetingonasocialnetworkingwebsiteaccompanied(accompa

ny)bythetouchingwords.③Whileshewassingingonthestage,hermotherwasaccompanyingheronthepiano.[能力提升]——完成句子④因为在节日时无人陪伴，这位老太太感到

孤独。With__nobody__accompanying__her__during__the__festival,__theoldladyfeltlonely.(with复合结构)(1)accompanysb.＝keepsb.compa

ny陪伴某人accompanysb.tosomeplace陪伴某人到某地accompanysb.on＋乐器用某种乐器为某人伴奏(2)companionn.同伴；伙伴[佳句背诵]Wedidalotfortheelderlyatthenursinghome,clea

ningtheirrooms，washingclothesforthemandaccompanyingthem,whichmadethemveryhappy.在敬老院我们为老人做了许多事情，打扫房间、洗衣服、陪伴他们，这使他们非常高兴。(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)declare

vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称[基础练习]——单句语法填空/完成句子①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclared(declare)shehadnoplanstoret

irefromher36-year-oldbusiness.②In1972,PresidentRichardNixondeclaredthethirdSundayofJuneeveryyearto__be(be)Father’sDayinAmerica

.③InSeptember1939,Britaindeclared__war__on__Germany(向德国宣战)afterGermanyinvadedPoland.declaresb./sth.tobe宣布某人/某

事……declarefor/against宣布赞成/反对……declarewar(on/against)(向……)宣战declaresth.open/closed宣布……开始/结束[佳句背诵]LiPing,mybest

friend,shoulddeclareagainstmysuggestionatthemeeting.我最好的朋友李萍竟然在会议上宣布反对我的建议。leave...alone不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Wetriedtobefriendly,bu

thisattitudeshowedthathewantedtobeleftalone．②Iwonderwhytheyleftasidesuchanimportantquestion.③TheUnitedNationsestimatesthatmoretha

n900millionpeoplemoveawayforwork,oftenleavingtheirchildrenbehind．[能力提升]——词汇替换④Wegatheredattheschoolgateandleftforthetouristattr

actioninhighspirits.Wegatheredattheschoolgateandset__off/out__forthetouristattractioninhighspirits.leavebehind遗留；把……

抛在后面leaveaside搁置一边leavefor动身到……leaveout省略；遗漏leaveover留下；剩下[佳句背诵]He’sinabadmoodrightnow.We’dbetterleavehimalone.他现在情绪很糟糕，我们最好不要打搅他。[联想

发散]“动身去某地”表达荟萃：①leave__for；②set__out__for；③set__off__for．setaside将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)[基础练习]——用set的相关短语填空①Theschoolhasse

t__upaspecialclasstohelpthosepoorlearners.②Armedwiththeinformationyouhavegathered,youcanset__aboutpreparingyou

rbusinessplan.③Hewillset__downallhisimportantthoughtsinhisdiarywhentheyarefreshinhismind.[能力提升]——词汇升级④(

普通表达)Isincerelyhopeyoucansavesometimetojoininourcomingvolleyballgame.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)(高级表达)Isincerelyhopeyoucanset__asidesometimetoj

oininourcomingvolleyballgame.setabout(doingsth.)着手(做某事)setout(todosth.)出发；开始(做某事)setdown写下；放下setoff动身；出发；引起；引爆s

etup建立[佳句背诵]IdohopeyoucansetasidesometimeforourEnglishspeechcontestandbeajudge.我真的希望您能为我们这次英语演讲比赛抽出一点时间来并担任评委。it作

形式主语的主语从句(教材P11)Itwasdisturbingandfrighteningthathelookedsohuman.机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Itisobvioustothe

studentsthattheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.②Itisapitythatyoushouldmisssuchagoodopportunitytobroadenyourview.[能力提升]——完成句子③很明显，中国的老龄

化人口会对未来的整个社会造成很大的压力。It’s__obvious__that__the__aging__population__in__China__will__cause__heavy__pressure__onthewholesociety

inthefuture.(it作形式主语)it作形式主语的常用句式：(1)Itis/was＋形容词(obvious,possible,strange,natural,important...)＋that从句(2)Itis/was＋名词短

语(apity,afact,awonder,ashame,anhonour,nowonder...)＋that从句[佳句背诵]Itisimportantthateveryoneshouldlearntogetalongwell

withothersinanewenvironment.在新的环境中学会和他人友好相处对每个人都很重要。方位或时间副词位于句首时的完全倒装(教材P11)Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪丝·

克拉芬站在那儿。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Themomentthebellrang,outrushed(rush)thechildren.②ThePublicSquareisaneye-catchingsightofthecity.Therestands(st

and)astonesculptureofafamoushistoricalfigure.③Therestands(stand)anoldtowerdatingbacktotheTangDynasty.[能力提升]——微写作④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)这是你所关心的餐桌

礼仪。Here__are__the__table__manners__that__you’re__concerned__about.(1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here,there,now，then,up,down,in,away,out等置于句首，且主语是名词、谓语动词

是不及物动词时，句子需用完全倒装。(2)此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。[佳句背诵]HerearesomerelevantdetailsabouttheEnglishshortfilm.这是关于这部英文短片的一些相关细节。(

2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsucc

essfulpapers，hadlittledesireto__change(change)thetradition.2．Itistruethattheearth’sresourcesaredecreasingatanalarm

ing(alarm)rate,soweshouldmakegooduseofthem.3．(2017·北京卷书面表达)Allthematerialscollected,thosewhoaretalented(talent)

incomputersundertookthetaskofdesigningandmakingthevideo.4．Youdon’thavetotakehiswordsseriously(seriou

s),becauseheneverkeepshisword.Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1．Childrenareboundto__meet(meet)withsetbacksastheygrowup,sotheirparentsdon’

thavetoworryaboutit.2．Whatbeautifulfurnitureyouhavegotinyourapartment!Iamgreenwithenvy.3．Mydaughtershowedalotofsympa

thyforthepeoplewhowerebeggingfromthepassingshoppers.4．WhenMaryconductedtheeveningpartyonthestage,herc

olleagueslookedatherwithenvy.5．Thereareseveralpeoplejuniortomeinmycompany，butIstillshowrespectforthem.Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)1．Thesuperstarsh

owedupatthecourt,accompanyingbyhisagent.accompanying→accompanied2．Hefeelsitdangerousforagirltobeoutlateat

nightsohewon’thavehisdaughterarrivehomelate.arrive→arriving3．Withthecompanyfacingaseriousfinancialproblemthisyear,thestaffareclearworriedaboutthene

wsofjoblosses.clear→clearly4．Theserulesmusttobeobeyedbyeverybodyastheyareforthegoodofthewholeschool.删除to5．Heisaneasy­goingboyandallhisclassmatesa

resatisfyingwithhim.satisfying→satisfied6．Thebossusedtobestrictwithhisstaffs,whichmadeallofthemnervous

atseeinghim.staffs→staffⅣ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ完形)Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmyroleasajournalist.v.听上去；听起来2．(2017·北京卷)Ofth

etwotrips,Ifavourtheformerone.vt.偏爱，喜欢3．Williamfounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbe

ginningtofail.vi.衰退4．Scientistsmaybeabletomonitorthebehaviourofsharkstopredictbadweather.vt.监测提能一语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)LiMinghasbeen1.desir

ing(desire)tobeawriter,buthisfatherwantshimtobecomeadoctor.Insteadof2.obeying(obey)hisfather,hehasdevotedallhistimetoreadingandwriting.Hehas3.atalen

tforwritingandalwayssets4.asidesometimeforhishobby.5.Accompanied(accompany)byhismother,heoftengoestothebookstorewherehe6.scans(scan)thebooksheli

kes.Thoughheisjunior7.tomanypeopleinsomeways,henevergivesupandhe8.has__won(win)afewcompositioncontestsinthepastfewyears,causingmanytee

nagers9.to__envy(envy)hisprogressinwriting.Ofcourse,it’stooearly10.to__declare(declare)hiseffortsasuccess.提能二

话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)某英文报社Science栏目向中学生征文，主题为“未来家用机器人”。请你展开合理想象用英语写一篇文章投稿。1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)①尽管很难

预测将来的家用机器人是什么样子，我想描述一下他们是多么的令人惊叹。Thoughitisdifficulttopredictwhat__future__household__robots__might__be__like,__I

’d__like__to__describe__how__amazing__they__are．②你会吃惊地发现他们更像人而不是机器。Youwillbealarmed__to__find__that__they__will__be__more__li

ke__humans__than__machines．③有它们的帮助，你就可以摆脱所有家务活，比如洗衣、做饭和打扫。Withtheirhelp,youwill__be__free__of__all__household__chores,__suchaswashi

ng,cooking,andcleaning.④它们配备有智能计算机大脑，能帮你留出时间来进行户外锻炼。Equippedwithanintelligentcomputerbrain,theywillhelpyouset__aside__some__time_

_for__outdoor__exercise．⑤当老人由这样的家用机器人在家陪伴时，也许老人就不会觉得孤独了。Whenthey__are__accompanied__by__such__household__robotsatho

me,theelderlymaynotfeellonely.⑥你一定会渴望得到这样神奇的家用机器人。You__are__bound__to__have__a__desire__for__such__wonderful__household__robots.2．升级平淡句⑦用省略句式升级句⑤W

hen__accompanied__by__such__household__robots__at__home,__the__elderly__may__not__feel__lonely.3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：moreimportan

tly,believeitornot)_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：Thoughitisdifficulttopredictwhatfuturehouseholdr

obotsmightbelike,I’dliketodescribehowamazingtheyare.Youwillbealarmedtofindthattheywillbemorelikehumanst

hanmachines.Withtheirhelp,youwillbefreeofallhouseholdchores,suchaswashing,cooking,andcleaning.Moreimportantly,equippedwithanintelligentcomputer

brain,theywillhelpyousetasidesometimeforoutdoorexercise.Whenaccompaniedbysuchhouseholdrobotsathome,thee

lderlymaynotfeellonely.Believeitornot,youareboundtohaveadesireforsuchwonderfulhouseholdrobots.(建议用时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·南昌二模)Robotsarenowbeingem

ployednotjustfordangeroustasks,suchasdiscoveringminesorrescuingpeopleindisasters.Theyarealsofindingapplicationsash

ouseholdhelpandasnursingassistants.Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagr

owingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.AteamledbySariNijsse

nofRadboudUniversityandMarkusPaulus,ProfessorofDevelopmentalPsychologyatLudwig­Maximilians­Universität(LMU),havecarriedoutastudy

todeterminethedegreetowhichpeopleshowconcernforrobotsandbehavetowardsthembasedonmoralprinciples.AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswe

rthefollowingquestion：“Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives？”Theparticipantswerefacedwith

ahypothetical(假设的)moraldilemma:Wouldtheybepreparedtoputasinglepersonatriskinordertosaveagroupofinjuredpersons?Inthesit

uationspresentedtheintendedvictimwaseitherahuman,ahumanoidrobotthathadbeenhumanizedtovariousdegreesorarobotthatwasclearlyrecognizabl

easamachine.Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.Situationsthatincludedvividsto

riesinwhichtherobotwasdescribedasamercifulbeingorasacreaturewithitsownunderstandings,experiencesandthoughts,weremorelike

lytostopthestudyparticipantsfromsacrificingitintheinterestsofanonymous(无名的)humans.“Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralst

atustotherobot，”saysPaulus.“Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffort

scouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了机器人不仅可以帮助人类执行危险的任务

，现代智能机器人还能帮助人们处理日常生活问题。研究表明，将机器人过于人性化的尝试将对人产生困扰。1．Whathasbecomeaconcernaboutrobots?A．Howtohumanizethem.B．Howtotreattheminlife.C．Howt

ousethemeffectively.D．Howtofindmoreapplications.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowards

thembecomesevermoreurgent”和第二段中的“havecarriedoutastudytodeterminethedegreetowhichpeopleshowconcernforrobotsandbehavet

owardsthembasedonmoralprinciples”可知，如何在生活中对待机器人已经成为人们担心的一个问题，故B项正确。2．Inthestudytheparticipantsprobablyhavetodecide_______

_．A．whentosacrificearobotB．wheretoexperiencerisksC．whichrobottoworkwithD．whatrobotsshouldbelikeA解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudys

etouttoanswerthefollowingquestion：‘Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives？’”可知，该研究将要回答“在什么情况下成年人愿意牺牲机器人来拯救人类

生命？”这一问题，故A项正确。3．WhatcanbeinferredfromPaulus’words?A．Humanizedrobotsofferlesshelptopeople.B．Humanizingrobotstoomuchmaybei

mproper.C．Certainmoralstatusshouldbeattachedtorobots.D．Conflictsoftenhappenbetweenhumansandrobots.B解析：

推理判断题。根据本文最后两句Paulus所说的话可知，Paulus认为，这一发现表明，使机器人人性化的尝试不应该走得太远。这些努力可能会与对机器人功能的预期(帮助人类)发生冲突。据此可知，Paulus认为机器人过于人性化可能不恰当，故B项正确。4．Whichofthefollowingwouldb

ethebesttitleforthetext?A．Robots,aMustforFutureB．HumanizedRobots,aNewTrendC．RobotsSaved,PeopleTaketheHitD．Huma

nizedRobotsReplaceHumanC解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要提出“过度将机器人人性化，将人的道德水准赋予机器人，将会使人受到困扰”这一观点，故C项最适合作本文标题。【难句分析】Thestudysuggestedt

hatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.分析：本句是一个主从复合句，句中的that引导宾语从句，作及物动词suggested的宾语；“the＋比较级，

the＋比较级”表示“越……就越……”。译文：研究表明，机器人人性化越高，参与者越不可能牺牲它。B(2020·青岛质检)Thelong,whiterobotweighsmorethan450kilograms.Likeother

robots,itisequippedwithcamerasandmechanicalarmstoautomaticallyperformmanydifferentjobs.Angusisamajorpartofoperat

ionsatAlexander’sindoorrobotfarmabout40kilometerssouthofSanFrancisco.The743­square­meterfarmusesahydroponicsyste

mthatgrowsplantswithoutsoil.Theplantsgrowinsideequipmentthatprovidesacontinuousflowofwater.Theindoorfarmuse

selectricallightinsteadofsunlight.Thiskindoffarmusesmuchlesswateranddoesnotrequirehumanlabortorun.Thema

injobforAngusistomovethousandsofplantsaroundthefarm,fromsmallcontainerstolargeronesastheygrow.Angusalsocarriesplantstoanothe

rrobotthatdoesnothaveanameyet.Angusmovesslowlytocompleteitswork.Buttherobotisverystrongandcanliftabout300kilograms.Fornow,thefar

museshumanstocollectvegetablesandothercropswhentheyareready.ButAlexandersaysheisworkingonarobotthatwilleventuallytakeoverthatjobtoo.Alexander

helpedstartthecompanyIronOxafterleavingGoogle,whereheworkedonroboticsatthecompany’sGoogleXproject.HeteamedupwithanotherformerGoogleemployee,JonBinney

.TogethertheyfoundedIronOx.IronOx’swebsitesaysthehydroponicgrowingsystemuses90percentlesswater.Italsosaysthegrowingmethodisupto30tim

esmoreproductivethangrowingcropsonland.Alexandersaysgrowingfoodroboticallythroughouttheyearinmajorcitieswillprovidemoreconsistentandfresh

products.MostofthevegetablessoldintheU．S.aregrowninCalifornia,Arizona,Mexicoandothernations.Thatmeansthatmanypeoplei

ntheU．S.citiesareeatingvegetablesthatarenearlyaweekoldbythetimetheyarriveatstores.Indoorfarmsoperateallyearroundand

arenotgenerallyaffectedbybadweather.Thiswillpermitthecompanytoprovideasteadyflowofgoodswithoutmajorpricechanges.【解题导语】本文介绍了新型机器人农场是如何运作的

，具体包括其操作流程、优势以及未来发展方向。5．HowdoesAngusworkinthefarm?A．Itprovidesacontinuousflowofwaterfortheplants.B．Itdirectsotherrobotstoworkinthefarm.

C．Itworksoncollectingvegetables.D．Itisinchargeoftransferringplants.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Angusalsocarriesplantstoa

notherrobotthatdoesnothaveanameyet.”可知，安格斯会把植物运送到另一个还没有名字的机器人那里。由此可知，安格斯负责搬运植物。故选D。6．WhatdoweknowaboutAlexander?A．Heusedtowor

konroboticsatGoogle.B．HestartedacompanystudyingroboticswithBinney.C．Heworksoncollectingcropswhentheyareready.D．Hes

tartedIronOxbyhimself.A解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“AlexanderhelpedstartthecompanyIronOxafterleavingGoogle,whereheworkedonroboticsatthecompany’sGoogleXproje

ct.”可知，亚历山大离开谷歌之前致力于机器人制造项目。故选A。7．What’stheadvantageofAlexander’sfarm?A．Thevegetablesfromhisfarmsellatahigh

erprice.B．Thevegetablesfromhisfarmaremorenutritious.C．Ituseselectricallightinsteadofsunlight.D．Ituseslesswa

terbutproducesmore.D解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“thehydroponicgrowingsystemuses90percentlesswater.Italsosaysthegrowingm

ethodisupto30timesmoreproductivethangrowingcropsonland.”可知，亚历山大的农场的水栽种植系统所需的用水量比陆地种植少90%，而产量却是陆地上的庄稼产量的30倍。因此，这个农场的优点是用水更少，但产量更高

。故选D。8．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．RobotFarm,theFutureoftheAgricultureB．RobotFarm,AimingtoBringFresherFoodtotheU．S.Citi

esC．Alexander,anExtraordinaryScientistonRoboticsD．HydroponicSystem,theNewWayofFarmingB解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了机器人农场及其优势等，且它旨在为更多的美国城市带来更新鲜的食物。故选B。Ⅱ.七选五

(2020·福建三校联考)Everyonecomplains.Evenifyouarguethatyouarethehappiestpersonintheworld,youstillcomplainsometimes.Sometimesyoucomplainwithou

tevenrealizingit,butrarelyisiteverhelpful.1.________Herearesometipstostopcomplainingandgiveupthenegativ

ethoughts.2．________Whenyoufindyourselfthinkingorsayinganegativecommentaboutsomethingorsomeone,stopandforceyourselftosaysomethingpositiveinste

ad.Seekthehelpofacheerfulfriendtochangeyouwhenyoucomplainandhelpyoutoseethepositiveinthesituation.Makealistofthingsy

ouaregratefulfor.Youoftencomplainaboutthethingsyoudon’thavewithoutnoticingthosethingsyoualreadyhave.Begratefulforwhatyouhaveinyourlife

becauseyouareluckysimplyforbeingyourselves.3.________Learntoadapttothechanges.Therearemanythingsyoucan’tchange.4

.________Alwaysfindthepositivesideofeachsituation,regardlessofhoweverdifficultthesituationis.Withparents’a

ndfriends’support,youcansurviveanylifechanges.Allowyourselftovent(发泄)yourfeelingseveryonceinawhile.Cons

tantlyignoringnegativethoughtscouldaddup.Ifyouarereallygoingthrougharoughtime,don’tbeafraidtoshareyourfeelingswithaclosefriendorafa

milymemberorseeatherapist.Findwhatmakesyouhappy.5．________Maybeitistimetomaketheharddecisiontomoveontoano

therjoborcareer.Uncoverwhatyourbiggestcomplaintsareaboutandseeifyoucanchangethesituationtomakeyouhappy.Choosehappiness,focusonthepositive

,andbekindalways!A．Changethewayyouthink.B．Makefriendswithpositivepeople.C．Thebestandonlythingyoucandoistoacceptthem.D．Areyouconstantlycomp

lainingaboutyourpresentjob?E．Sometimesthislistcanbeeasy,fullofhobbiesyouenjoy.F．Sohowcanyoumanagetoforceyourselvesto

endcomplaining?G．Setdownthingsyouarethankfulforandyou’llseethatyoudon’thaveanyreasontocomplain.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了停止抱怨的方法和策略。1

．F解析：根据下文“Herearesometipstostopcomplainingandgiveupthenegativethoughts.”可知，空处应是表述如何停止抱怨，故选F。2．A解析：根据文章结构及空处所在位置可知，空处为本段的标题。根据下文“Whenyoufindyourselft

hinkingorsayinganegativecommentaboutsomethingorsomeone,stopandforceyourselftosaysomethingpositiveinstead.”并结合对本段的整体理解可知，本段主要讲

的是改变思考方式，故选A。3．G解析：根据本段的标题“Makealistofthingsyouaregratefulfor.”并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，G选项“把你所感激的事情写下来，然后你就会发现没有理由抱怨了”符合语境。故选G。4．C解析：根据上文“Therearemanythingsy

oucan’tchange.”，并结合下文“Alwaysfindthepositivesideofeachsituation,regardlessofhoweverdifficultthesituationis.”可知，在不能改变的情

况下，接受并适应改变才是上策，与本段标题“Learntoadapttothechanges.”呼应，故选C。5．D解析：根据下文“Maybeitistimetomaketheharddecisiontomoveontoanotherjob

orcareer.”并结合本文的关键词complain可知，此处表示对自己的工作不满，故选D。Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·武汉高三模拟)ChinahasbeenselectedtohosttheWorldSkillsCompetition

inShanghaiin2021—aneventthatithopestouseforbuildingastrongerteamofskilledworkersnationwideandtoimproveinternational1._

___________(exchange)intechnicalskills.Hostingtheeventwillhelpguidethewholesociety2.____________(respect)thes

piritofskilledworkmanship.Itwillalsohelpcreate3.____________socialatmosphereofrespectinglaborandadmiringskills.Chinahas165millions

killedworkers,including47.9millionwhoareclassedashighlyskilled.Theywerefirstclassifiedbythegovernmentin2003.They4.____________(in

clude)asoneofthemajorState-leveltalentgroupsalongwiththeoreticalscientistsin2015,5.____________(mark)asignificantris

eintheirsocialstatus.China’s6.____________(early)modernskillstrainingcandatebacktotheQingDynasty.Itwasin18667.____________theFoo

chowShipbuildingInstitutioninFujianProvincewasestablished.In1978,theadoptionofthereformandopening­uppolicyhighlightedashortageof8._________

___(talent)technicians.Asaresult,thenumberofstudentsattechnicalinstitutesrosesharply.Morerecently,technicaleducat

ion9.____________(receive)greatersupportfromthecentralgovernmenttohelpshapethenation’sproducingpower.Ev

eryyear,morethan100millionpeoplehaveaccess10.____________technicaleducationandtraining.【解题导语】世界技能大赛将于2021年在中国上海举行。本文介绍了它的重要

作用和意义以及中国技术领域的相关情况。1．exchanges解析：考查名词的单复数。此处表示改善在技术技能方面的国际交流，exchange在此处意为“交流”，为可数名词，且其前无限定词，故用名词复数。2．torespec

t解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：举办这样的赛事能帮助引导全社会去尊重高超工艺的精神。根据句意可知，此处应填动词不定式。3．a解析：考查冠词。此处表示“一种社会氛围”，表泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，又因social的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。4．wereincluded解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据时

间状语“in2015”可知，此处应用一般过去时；且动词include和主语They构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故填wereincluded。5．marking解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词mark和其逻辑主语为主谓关系，故填其现在分词形式。6．e

arliest解析：考查形容词的最高级。句意：中国最早的现代技能培训可追溯到清朝。根据句意可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故填earliest。7．that解析：考查强调句。本句为强调句结构“Itwas＋被强调部分＋that＋剩余部分”，被强调的是时

间状语“in1866”。8．talented解析：考查形容词。此处表示“有才能的技术员”，故用形容词talented“有才能的”修饰其后的名词technicians。9．hasreceived解析：考查时态。根据该句中的时间状语recently可知，此处应用现在完成时；且主语t

echnicaleducation为单数形式，故填hasreceived。10．to解析：考查介词。句意：每年，超过1亿人有机会接受技术教育和培训。haveaccessto...意为“有接近……的机会”。