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绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）考生注意：答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。I.Listening

ComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedab

outwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyou

rpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.（）1.A.InagroceryB.Inacafe.C.Atatailor’s.D.Atatoyshop（）2.A.Heispleasedwithhisjob.B

.Heisnotsatisfiedwithhiswork.C.Hefindsthehugeworkloadunbearable.D.Hefindshisofficemuchtoobigforhim.（）3.A.Heismostprobablycheck

ingwhethereverythingisOK.B.Heismostprobablyjumpingfromthedesk.C.Heismostprobablyrepairingthedesk.D.Heismostprobablychangingthebulb.（）4.A.

£200.B.£300.C.£600.D.£700.（）5.A.It'sdifficultforthewomantogetthejobifshetakestheinterview.B.Thewomancangetthejobifshetakestheinterview.C.Th

ewomanhaslesschancetogetthejobthanothers.D.Thewomanshouldworkharderfromnowonifshewantstogetthejob.（）6.A.The

mandrinkstoomuchwine.B.Themandrinkslittlewine.C.Thebedistoosoft.D.Thebedistoohard.（）7.A.Hemaychangetheshi

rtbecauseit'stoolarge.B.Hemaychangetheshirtbecauseit'stoosmall.C.Hedoesn'tlikethecoloroftheshirt.D.Hel

ikestheshirt.（）8.A.Toputhimtoanotherflight.B.Toarrangethenextflight.C.Totakehimtosomewhere.D.Toarrangehisaccommodation.（）9.A.ThenewsonTV.B.Manyp

eoplecametothenewhotel.C.Itisdifficultforpeopletofindajob.D.Themanstillhasgotajob.（）10.A.Thewomanthinksiteasytolearnphysics.B.Thewomanisgoodatphysics

.C.ThemanthinksProfessorSmithexplainedthephysicsproblemveryclearly.D.Themancan'tunderstandthephysicsproblem.SectionBDirections:InSectionByouwil

lheartwoshortpassages,andonelongerconversation,aftereachpassage.Thepassagesorconversationyouwillbeaskedseveralquestions

,thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpap

eranddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpass

age.（）11.A.Spain.B.FranceC.AmericaD.England.（）12.A.Visitorsshouldn'toverlookitbecauseitsufferedalotinhistory.B.SaintAugustineistheoldest

cityinthenation.C.FloridawasruledbySpanishuntiltheUnitedStatestookoverit.D.ManyvisitorssupporttheFlorida’scoastrecoveryfori

tsbeauty.（）13.A.Florida'sAtlanticcoast.B.St.Augustine'shistory.C.SpanishcontroloverFlorida.D.Spanishhistory.Questions14through16a

rebasedonthefollowingtalk.（）14.A.AlostpropertyofficeinEurope.B.AlostpropertyofficeinLondon.C.Alostpropertyoffi

ceinTokyo.D.PaulCowan'soffice.（）15.A.LostitemsbecomethepropertyoftransportforLondon.B.LostitemsaretakengoodcareofbyCowan'steam.C.Al

mostallofthelostitemswerereturnedtotheirowners.D.Twentypercentofthelostitemsareclaimedinthreemonths’ti

me.（）16.A.Becausetheythinktheirlostshoesareuseless.B.Becausetheyhavealreadyboughtnewshoes.C.Becausetheywouldliketogetane

wpair.D.Becausetheycan'tfindtheirlostshoes.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.（）17.A.Sheismostprob

ablybargainingforahouse.B.Sheismostprobablyvisitingoneofherfriends.C.Sheismostprobablylookingforahouse.D.Sheismostprobablycontactin

gherbankforahouse.（）18.A.Thekitchenattachedbathroom.B.Awinestoragearea.C.Thefloorcovering.D.Therelaxingcolorsofthe

wall.（）19.A.Thepriceisreasonable.B.Thepriceistoohigh.C.Thepriceislow.D.Theofferisunfair.（）20.A.Thewomanwillbuythehousebecau

sethepriceisreasonable.B.Thehouseisreallygoodbecausethebathroomisattachedtothebedroom.C.Theinsideofthehouseisbetterthantheoutside.D.Thewomanlikesthe

housesomuchthatshewillbuyit.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepass

agescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherb

lanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Acomprehensivestudyof4,500childrenconductedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthin2018showsth

atchildrenwhospentmorethansevenhoursadaystaringatscreensshowedevidenceofprematurethinningoftheirbrain'scortex-theouterlayerthatproc

essessensoryinformation.“Wedon'tknowifit___21___(cause)bythescreentime.Wedon'tknowyetifit'sbadthing.Itwon'tbeuntilwefoll

owthemovertime___22___wewillseeifthereareoutcomesthatareassociatedwiththedifferencesthatwe'reseeinginthissinglesn

apshot,”Dr.GayaDowling.“Whatwecansayisthatthisis___23___thebrainslooklikeofkidswhospendalotoftimeonscreens.Andit'snotjuston

epattern.”Theproblemisn'tjustscreens___24___,butalsothewayscreenstemptkids(andadults)awayfromsomethingfar

moreimportant:physicalactivity.Morethan23percentofadultsand80percentofadolescentsdon'tgetenoughphysicalactivity,andaccordingtoa2019rep

ortfromtheWorldHealthOrganization.(WHO),thesepatternsofactivityandrestarise___25___habitswedevelopearlyinlife,“Whatwereallyneedtodo

is___26___(bring)backplayforchildren,”saysDr.JuanaWilliamson,aWHOspecialistinchildhoodobesityandphysicalactivity,inastatementaboutn

ewWHOguidelinesissuedinApril2019.Thisisaboutmakingtheshiftfromsedentarytimetoplaytime,while___27___(protect)sleep.Ofcourse,child

renaren’tcompletelytoblamefortheirscreenaddiction.Sometimes,theparents___28___complainabouttheroleofscreensinfamilylifearejustasguiltyofspe

ndingtoomuchtimeinfrontofone.A2016study___29___(conduct)byCommonSenseMediafoundthatparentsspenduptoninehours

adayinfrontofscreens,mostlynotforwork-relatedreasons.While78percentofparentssaidtheybelievedtheyweregoodscreentimero

lemodels,thestudyfoundadisconnectbetweentheirbehaviorandtheirperceptionoftheirbehavior.Parentsneedtoli

mitscreentimeforthemselvesandespeciallyfortheirkids-___30___itmeansplayingthebadguy.Ourmentalandphysicalhealthdependsonit.21.____

_____22.________23._______24._________25._________26._________27._________28._________29._________30._________SectionBDirections:

Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.committedB.comp

aredC.contactD.delegationE.destructiveF.weakG.negotiateH.respelledI.similarityJ.superiorsK.witnessedSomeVery“American”WordsComefromChineseOna

recentprogram,wetoldyouthestoriesofEnglishwordsborrowedfromotherlanguages.Today,wewilltellyouaboutwordsthatEnglishhastakenfromChinese.Manyofth

eChinesewordsthatarenowpartofEnglishwereborrowedlongago.TheyaremostoftenfromCantoneseorotherChineselanguagesrath

erthanMandarin.Let’sstartwithkowtow.kowtowTheEnglishwordkowtowisaverbthatmeanstoagreetooeasilytodowhatsomeoneelsewantsyoutodo,ortoobeysomeonewith

powerinawaythatseems___31___.ItcomesfromtheCantonesewordkautau,whichmeans“knockyourhead.”Itreferstotheactofkneel

ingandloweringone'sheadasasignofrespectto___32___—suchasemperors,eldersandleaders.Inthecaseofemperors,theactrequiredthepersontotouch

theirheadtotheground.In1793,Britain'sKingGeorgeIIIsentLordGeorgeMacartneyandothertradeambassadorstoChinato___33___atradeagreement.TheC

hineseaskedthemtokowtowtotheQianlongEmperor.Asthestorygoes,LordMacartneyrefusedforhis___34___todomoret

hanbendtheirknees.Hesaidthatwasalltheywererequiredtodofortheirownking.Itisnotsurprising,then,thatMacar

tneyleftChinawithoutnegotiatingthetradeagreement.Afterthat,criticsusedthewordkowtowwhenanyonewastoosubmissivetoChina.Today,theusagehasnoconnectiont

oChina,noranyspecificpoliticalconnection.gung-hoAnotherborrowedwordthatcameaboutthrough___35___betweentwonationsisgung-ho.InEnglish,theword

gung-hoisanadjectivethatmeansextremelyexcitedaboutdoingsomething.TheChinesecharacters“gōng”and“hé”togethermean“worktogether,

cooperate.”Theoriginalterm—gõngyèhézuòshè—meansChineseIndustrialCooperatives.Theorganizationswereestablishedinthe1

930sbyWesternersinChinatopromoteindustrialandeconomicdevelopment.Lt.ColonelEvansCarlsonoftheUnitedStatesMarine3Corps4observedthesecooperativeswh

ilehewasinChina.Hewasimpressed,saying“....allthesoldiers___36___themselvestooneideaandworkedtogethertoputthatideaover.”Hethenbeganusingthe

termgung-hointheMarineCorpstotrytocreatethesamespirithehad___37___.In1942,heusedthewordasatrainingsloganforthe2ndMarineRaiderBattalionduringWor

ldWarII.Themenwereoftencalledthe“GungHoBattalion.”Fromthen,thewordgung-hospreadasaslogantheMarineCorps.T

oday,itsmeaninghasnorelationtothemilitary.typhoonInEnglish,atyphoonisaverypowerfuland___38___stormthatoccursaroundth

eChinaSeaandintheSouthPacific.ThewordhistoryoftyphoonhadafarlessdirectpathtotheEnglishlanguagethangun

g-ho.Andnotallhistoricalaccountsarethesame.But,accordingtotheMerriam-WebsterNewBookofWordHistories,thefirsttyphoonsreportedintheEnglishla

nguagewereinIndiaandwerecalled“touffons”or“tufans,”Thewordtufanoral-tufanisArabicandmeansviolentstormorf

lood.TheEnglishcameacrossthiswordinIndiaandborroweditastouffon.Later,whenEnglishshipsencounteredviolent

stormsintheChinaSea,EnglishmenlearnedtheCantonesewordtaifung,whichmeans“greatwind.”Theword's___39___tot

ouffonisonlybychance.Themodernformoftheword—typhoon—wasinfluencedbytheCantonesebut___40___tomakeitappearmo

reGreek.31._________32.________33._______34._________35._________36._________37._________38._________39._________40._________III.

ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachbl

ankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.When17-year-oldQuattroMusserhangsoutwithfriends,theydon'tdrinkbeerorcruisearoundincarswiththeirda

tes.___41___,theysticktoG-ratedactivitiessuchasrock-climbingortalkingaboutbooks.Theyareingoodcompany,accordingtoanewst

udyshowingthatteenagersareincreasinglydelayingactivitiesthathadlongbeenseenasritesofpassageinto___42___.Thestudy,publishedTuesdayinthejourna

lChildDevelopment,foundthatthepercentageofadolescentsintheU.S.whohaveadriver'slicense,whohavetriedalcohol,whodate,

andwhoworkforpayhasplummetedsince1976,withthemostprecipitous___43___inthepastdecade.Thedeclinesappearedacrossrace,geograph

ic,andsocioeconomiclines,andinrural,urban,andsuburbanareas.Tobesure,morethanhalfofteensstillengageintheseactivities,butthe___44___havesl

immedconsiderably,Between1976and1979,86percentofhighschoolseniorshadgoneonadate;between2010and2015only63percen

tPeoplesay,Oh,it'sbecauseteenagersaremoreresponsible,ormorelazy,ormoreboring,“butthey're___45___thelargertrend,”saidJeanTweng

e,leadauthorofthestudy,whichdrewonsevenlargetime-lagsurveysofAmericans.Rather,shesaid,kidsmaybeless___46___inactivitiessuchasdating,drivingorgetting

jobsbecauseintoday'ssociety.Accordingtoanevolutionarypsychologytheorythataperson's“lifestrategy”slowsdownorspeedsupdependingonhisorher___47___,

exposuretoa“harshandunpredictable”environmentleadstofasterdevelopment,whileamoreresource-richandsecureenvironmenthas

the___48___effect,thestudysaid.Inthefirst___49___,“You'dhavealotofkidsandbeinsurvivalmode,starthavingkidsyoung,expectyourkidswil

lhavekidsyoung,andexpectthattherewillbemore___50___andfewerresources,”saidTwenge,apsychologyprofessoratSanDiegoStateUni

versitywhoistheauthorof“iGen;WhyToday’sSuper-ConnectedKidsAreGrowingUpLessRebellious,MoreTolerant,LessHappy—andCompletelyUnpreparedfor

Adulthood.Acenturyago,whenlifeexpectancywaslowerandcollegeeducationlessprevalent,“thegoalbackthenwas

survival,notviolinlessonsby5,”Twengesaid.Inthatmodelateenageboymightbethinkingmore___51___aboutmarriage,anddrivingaca

randworkingforpaywouldbeimportantfor“establishingmatevaluebasedonprocurementofresources,”thestudysaid.ButAmer

icaisshiftingmoretowardthe___52___model,andthechangeisapparentacrossthesocioeconomicspectrum,Twengesaid.“Eveninfamilieswhoseparentsdidn'

thaveacollegeeducation...familiesaresmaller,andtheideathatchildrenneedtobecarefully___53___hasreallysunki

n.”The___54___of“adultactivities”couldnotbeattributedtomorehomeworkorextracurricularactivities,thestudysaid,notingthatteenstodayspendfewerhoursonhome

workandthesameamountoftimeonextracurricularastheydidinthe1990s(withtheexceptionofcommunityservice,whichhasrisenslightly).Norcouldtheuseofsmartphones

andtheInternetbeentirelythe___55___,thereportsaid,sincethedeclinebeganbeforetheywerewidelyavailable.Ifthedelayistomakeroomfor

creativeexplorationandformingbettersocialandemotionalconnections,itisagoodthing,hesaid.（）41.A.ThereforeB.RatherC.Moreove

rD.Besides（）42.A.childhoodB.neighborhoodC.adolescentsD.adulthood（）43.A.escapesB.endsC.decreasesD.changes（）44.A.minorities

B.majoritiesC.massesD.amounts（）45.A.takingB.avoidingC.sendingD.missing（）46.A.interestedB.enviedC.relievedD.realized（）47.A.emotions

B.surroundingsC.customsD.habits（）48.A.wrongB.sameC.oppositeD.similar（）49.A.eventB.issueC.caseD.occasion（）50.A.troubleB.question

sC.benefitsD.diseases（）51.A.respectivelyB.delicatelyC.seriouslyD.considerably（）52.A.slowerB.betterC.smallerD.faster（）53.A.emphasizedB.rel

atedC.organizedD.educated（）54.A.implementB.postponementC.achievementD.payment（）55.A.causeB.impactC.factD.re

sultSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthere

arefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhav

ejustread.(A)Bitcoinandothersocalledcryptcurrencieshavebeenalloverthenewslately.Apparently,theideaofmoneythat'snottiedtoaspecificbank—oraspecificc

ountry—isappealingtomany.Butit'sworthrememberingthatthebankingsystemthatwenowalllivewithisjustthat:Amoderninventi

on.Notsolongago,moneywasalmostalwayscreatedandusedlocally,andbarteringwascommon.(Infact,itstilliscommonamongmanyonl

inelocalnetworks,liketheBuyNothingProject.).Inthepast,money'smakeupvariedfromplacetoplace,dependingonwhatwasconsideredvaluablethere.Sowhilesomeoft

heworld'sfirstcoinsweremadefromanaturallyoccurringhybridofgoldandsilvercalledelectrum,objectsotherthanco

inshaveservedascurrency,includingbeads,ivory,livestock,andcowrieshells.InWestAfrica,braceletsofbronzeorcopperwereusedascash,especiall

yifthetransactionwasassociatedwiththeslavetradethere.Throughoutthecolonialperiod,tobaccowasusedinlieuof

coinsorpaperbillsinVirginia,MarylandandNorthCarolina,eventhoughitwasusedelsewhereinthecoloniesandextens

ivelythroughoutEuropeandtheU.K.Today,onanislandinthePacific,aspecifictypeofshellstillservesascurrency—andsomepeoplethereareevenhoardingi

t,justlikeBitcoinmoguls,convincedthatoneday,itwillmakethemwealthybeyondimagination.OnMalaita,themost-populatedislandthat’spartoftheSolomonI

slands,shellsareacceptedatmostplacesin“Howmuchtunayoucangetforyourshellsdependsontheircolorandshape,”MaryBruno,ashopownerfromthesma

lltownofAuki,onMalaita,toldVice.“Onestripofdarkershellsmightgetyouabouttwocansofsmallertuna,buttheredonesareworthmore,Fortheredones

,onestripmightgetenoughtunatofeedabigfamilyforalongtime.Justlikeamintthatcreatescoins,there'sonlyoneplaceontheislandwheretheshells,whicharepolisheda

ndstrungtogethertoform3-foot-longropes,aremade.(Youcanseehowthatworksinthevideoabove.)Thestripsofred,white,andblackshellsallcomefromLangaLangaLag

oon,whereartificialislandswerelong-agobuiltbylocalstoescapefromtheisland-dwellingcannibals.Oncemaroonedoutonth

eirislands,localsneededacurrencytouseamongthemselves,andsotheshellcurrencywasborn.Usingshellsformoneywascommonthroughout

thePacificislandsaslateastheearly1900s,butMalaitaisuniqueinthattheyarestillusedtoday.Andjustlikecryptocurrencies,therearethosewhothinktheislandersare

smarttoinvestinthistypeofmoney,whichisreportedtohaveriseninvalueoverthelastthreedecades.Itmightseemstra

ngetohoardabunchofprocessed,strung-togethershells,butwhatisapileofdollars?Justaspeciallyprintedpieceofpaperandhempthatwe'veassignedvaluet

o—andprobablylessdurableovertimethanthoseshells.（）56.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Moneywascreatedandwaswidelyus

edintheworld.B.TobaccowasusedascoinsorpaperbillsinAmericaninthepast.C.Theingredientsofworld'sfirstcoinsmaybethecombinationofgoldandsilver.D.Usings

hellsformoneyhasbeenoutofdateintheworld.（）57.Theword“mint”inparagraph4isclosestinthemeaningto“_______________”.A.a

kindofmoneythatcanexchangeB.theleavesofamintplantusedfreshorcandiedC.aplacetoproduceandpolishshellsD.afactorythatproducescurr

ency（）58.What'sopinionoftheauthortowardsshellsformoney?A.Reasonable.B.Imaginary.C.Convenient.D.Inventive.（）59.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebes

ttitleofthepassage?A.TheHistoryofBitcoinB.ShellsStillMoneyC.TheCurrencyIsofGreatUseD.SomeShells(B)HowDoY

ouMoveaGiantSequoia?Thelogisticsofexcavating（挖掘）andrelocatingtown’scentury-old,livingsequoia(红杉)tree.InhabitantsofBoise,Idaho,w

atchedwithtrepidationearlierthisyearasthecity'soldest,tallestresidentmovedtwoblocks.The105-year-oldsequoiatreeservesasalocallandmark,no

tonlyforitslongevitybutalsobecauserenownednaturalistandSierraClubcofounderJohnMuirprovidedtheoriginalseedling.So,whenSaintLuke'sHe

althSystemfoundthatthe10-story-tall-conifer(针叶树)stoodinthewayofitsplannedhospitalcalledtree-movingfirmEnvironmentalDesign

.TheTexas-basedcompanyhasdevelopedandpatentedscoopingandliftingtechnologytomovemassivetrees.Weighinginatmorethan800,000pounds,theBo

isesequoiaisitslargestundertakingyet.“I[had]lostenoughsleepoverthis,”saysDavidCox,thecompany'sWesternregionvicepresi

dent—andthatwasbeforethehospitalmentionedthetree'sdistinguishedorigin.Beforetheheavyliftingbegan,theteamassessedtherootsystemanddugafive

-foot-deepcylinder,measuring40feetindiameter,aroundthetrunktoprotectallessentialroots.Afterencapsulatingtherootball

inwiremesh,themoversallowedthetreetoacclimatetoitsnewsituationforsevenmonthsbeforerelocatingit.Theillustrationdetailswha

tfollowed.—LeslieNemo1.MarkA.MeritandhisteamatEnvironmentalDesigninstalledunderneaththerootballaplatform

ofseven-inch-diameter,44-foot-longsteelbarsand,justbelowtherods,afirstsetofuninflatedairbags(showningray).Thete

amalsodugashallowramp.2.Inroughly15minutes,themoversinflatedtheairbagstoaboutthreefeetindiametertoraisetherootballtothesur

faceofthehole.3.Byunderinflatingthefrontbags,theteamallowedtheplatformcarryingthetreetorolluptherampandoutoftheholewhilestayinglevel,A

trailerhauledthetreealongasteammembersremovedtheairbagsfromthebackoftheplatformandreplacedtheminthefront.Theyrepeatedtheprocessuntilt

hetreearrivedattheedgeofitsnewhome.4.Thereasecondsetofpartiallyinflatedbags(showninwhite)waitedinsidethehole.

Soilsurroundingthesequoiainitsoriginallocationwasrelocatedaswell,becausetreesaremorelikelytosurviveatransplantwhentheymovewiththeirorigin

alsoil.5.Usingthefirstsetofairbags,themoversrolledtheplatformintothenewhole.6.Thebagswaitingthereweretheninflatedfurthertotaketheweightofthesequo

iawhilethetransportationbagsweredeflatedandremovedfromunderthetree.7.Thewhitebagswerethendeflatedinabouthalfanho

urtolowerthesequoia'srootballtothebottomofitshole,Thebagswereremoved,butthemetalbarswereleftwiththetreebecausetheyrustanddegradeoveranumber

ofyears.8.Forthenextfiveyearsthelocalparkservicewillmonitorandmaintainthetreeinitsnewhome.（）60.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbeu

sedtoreplacethewordsunderlined"stoodinthewayof"?A.ResistedB.BalancedC.Blocked.D.Promoted.（）61.WhatisthereasonfortherelocationofSequoiatre

es?A.BecausetheScoopingandliftingtechnologyshouldbeputintouse.B.Becauseitblockslocalhospitalexpansionplans.C.Becauseitcorresponds

togovernment'splanofEnvironmentalDesign.D.Becausesequoiatreesareoverahundredyearsold.（）62.Howwillthemigratedsequoiatreesbedealtwith?A.Theywi

llbegivennewsoilinthenewlivingenvironment.B.Metalrodsusedtomovesequoiatreeswillnotbeleftonthetrees.C.Theywillbekeptin

transportbagsallthetime.D.Theywillbemanagedbyspecialistsinthenextfiveyears.(C)UnderstandtheEconomicConceptofaB

udgetLineTheterm“budgetline”hasseveralrelatedmeanings,includingacouplethatareself-evidentandathirdthatisnot.ThebudgetlineasanInformalConsumerUnde

rstandingThebudgetlineisanelementaryconceptthatmostconsumersunderstandintuitivelywithoutaneedforgraphsand

equations—it'sthehouseholdbudget,forexample.Takeninformally,thebudgetlinedescribestheboundaryofaffordabi

lityforagivenbudgetandspecificgoods.Givenalimitedamountofmoney,aconsumercanonlyspendthatsameamountbuyinggo

ods.IftheconsumerhasXamountofmoneyandwantstobuytwogoodsAandB,shecanonlypurchasegoodstotalingX.Ifthecons

umerneedsanamountofAcosting0.75,shecanthenspendonly0.25X,theamountremaining,onherpurchaseofB.Thisseems

almosttooobvioustobotherwritingorreadingabout.Asitturnsout,however,thissameconcept-onethatmostconsumersmakemanytimeseachdaywithreflectingonit-

isthebasisofthemoreformalbudgetlineconceptineconomics,whichisexplainedbelow.LinesinaBudgetBeforeturningtotheeconomicsdefi

nitionofbudgetline,consideranotherconcept:theline-itembudget.Thisiseffectivelyamapoffutureexpenditures,withalltheconstituentexpendituresindividual

lynotedandquantified.There'snothingverycomplicatedaboutthisusage,abudgetlineisoneofthelinesinthebudget,withtheserviceorgoodtobepurc

hasednamedandthecostquantified,TheBudgetLineasanEconomicsConceptOneoftheinterestingwaysthestudyofeconomicsrelatesto

humanbehaviorgenerallyisthatalotofeconomictheoryistheformalizationofthekindofsimpleconceptoutlinedabove—aconsumer'sinformal

understandingoftheamountshehastospendandwhatthatamountwillbuy.Intheprocessofformalization,theconceptcanbeexpressedasamathematicalequationthatca

nbeappliedgenerally.ASimpleBudgetLineGraphTounderstandthis,thinkofagraphwheretheverticallinesquantifyhowmanymovietickets.

youcanbuyandwherethehorizontallinesdothesameforcrimenovels.Youlikegoingtothemoviesandreadingcrimenovelsandyouhave$150

tospend,Intheexamplebelow,assumethateachmoviecosts$10andeachcrimenovelcosts$15.Themoreformaleconomicstermforthe

setwoitemsisbudgetset.Ifmoviescost$10each,thenthemaximumnumberofmoviesyoucanseewiththemoneyavailableis1

5.Tonotethisyoumakeadotatthenumber15(fortotalmovietickets)attheextremeleft-handsideofthechart.Thissamedotappearsattheextremeleftabove“0”onthehorizo

ntalaxisbecauseyouhavenomoneyleftforbooks—thenumberofbooksavailableinthisexampleis0.Youcanalsographtheotherextreme—allcrimenovelsandnomovie

s.Sincecrimenovelsintheexamplecost$15andyouhave$150available,ifyouspendalltheavailablemoneycrimenovels,youcanbuy10.Soyouputadotonthehoriz

ontalaxisatthenumber10.You'llplacethedotatthebottomoftheverticalaxisbecauseinthisinstanceyouhave$0availableformovietickets.If

younowdrawalinefromthehighest,leftmostdottothelowest,rightmostdotyou'llhavecreatedabudgetline.Anycombinationofmoviesandcrimenov

elsthatfallsbelowthebudgetlineisaffordable.Anycombinationaboveitisnot.（）63.WhichsentenceaboutthebudgetlineisNOTTRUE?A.Itislimitationo

faffordabilityforagivenbudgetandspecificgoods.B.Mostcostumerswillbeconfusedwiththisconceptbecauseofitsc

omplex.C.Itistheeffectivelyamapoffutureexpenditures.D.Itcanbeexpressedasamathematical.equation.（）64.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Totel

lusanyconceptcanbeexpressedasamathematicalequation.B.TohelpusfigureoutthemeaningBudgetLine.C.Totellusweshouldbudgetbeforewebuygoods.D.Togivea

ninstructionofdrawingabudgetLine.（）65.Assumethateachmoviecosts10andeachcrimenovelcosts,$15,youhave$150.WhichisRIGHTaccordingtothispassage

?A.Themaximumnumberofmoviesyoucanseeis10.B.Themaximumnumberofcrimenovelsyoucanbuyis15.C.Youcanbuy7crim

enovelsand,see5movies.D.Youcanbuy7crimenovelsandsee4movies.（）66.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.Dowereallyknowtheeconomicconceptofabudgetline?B.Th

eBudgetLineasanEconomicsConcept.C.TheBudgetLineasanInformalConsumerUnderstandingD.TheComplexConcept-BudgetLineSectionCDirec

tions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyo

uneed.A.Theformatofmagazinesenableschildrentobeexposedtoawidevarietyofwidesubjects.B.Magazinesandnewspapersprovideadults

withcriticalnews.C.Beingexposedtomagazinesandnewspapersbenefitsyoualot.D.Keepinterestingmagazinepicturestogivechildrenstoryideas.E.Magazinesareva

luableassetsformanypeople,butinparticulartochildren.F.MagazinesandnewspapersareexpensivenowbutoutofstyleMagazineA

rticlesMoreValuableThanYouMayThinkParentsareoftensurprisedwhenteacherssuggesttheirchildrenreadmagazines.Readontolearnaboutthebenefitsthatreadingm

agazinesofferstoyoungreadersandhowtointroduceyourchildrentothemedium.MagazineBenefitsMagazinearticlescanprovidereluctantreadersw

ithalively,breezywritingstylethatcaninspirethemtoreadmore.Thearticlesinmagazinesaregenerallyshort,whichallowsachildt

ofinishreadingafeaturearticlewithoutlosinginterestduetoshortattentionspan.Thewritinginmagazinesalsotendstobeeasytoread,especiallyifitisa

children'spublication.Byallowingyourchildtoreadmagazinesatanearlyage,youareencouragingdevelopmentofausefulskill.___67___Gettingintothehabitofreadingp

eriodicalsasachildwillfosterthehabitofreadingnewsarticlesthatmaycontinueintoadulthood.___68___Magazinearticleschallengestudentstothinkaboutissuesth

eymayhaveneverconsideredorcausethemtorethinktheirworldview.Informationisavailableinawidevarietyofreadinglevelsbe

causemagazinesarewrittenforeveryaudienceimaginable.Manypublicationscoverthesamematerialindifferentwritingstylesthatmightmake

iteasierforyourchildtocomprehend.MagazineActivitiesReadingmagazinesasafamilycanbeusedtointroduceeachother

tothevariousintereststhateachfamilymemberpossesses.Whenyourchildrenarefinishedwiththeirmagazinesencouragethem

topasstheirissueontoasiblingorotherfamilymember.Onceeachfamilymemberhasfinishedreadingeachmagazine,youcanusethemforartandwritingprojects.These

projectsareforfamilymembersofallages:1.Cutoutpicturestohelpyourpreschoolandkindergartenchildrenlearntheiralphabet,numbers,andcolors.2.___69___P

astethepictureatthetopofapageandhavethemwriteastoryaboutwhatishappeningorwhatthepicturerepresents.3.Clippi

cturestocreateacollage.Manyteenagersloveusingtheirartistictalentstocollage.___70___Theskillsthatstude

ntsutilizeandstrengthenwhenreadingmagazinescanbeappliedtohigherlevelreadingandotheracademicsubjects.En

couragingyourchildtoreadbygivingthemamagazinesubscriptioncouldcausethemtotaketheleapfrombeingreluctantreadertoavoraciouspa

ge-turner.67._______68.___________69.____________70.____________IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandt

hemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.BecominganAttractiveEmpl

oyeeThe2008financialcrisiscreatedanunstablejobmarket.Fast-forwardtothepresent,aneconomyhasnotfullyrecovered.

Thus,it'sofvitalimportanceforjobseekerstocarefullystrategizetheirapproachtojobapplication.Andit’sespeci

allyimportantforthosenewtotheworkforce.Theyshouldlookatmakingthemselvesasattractiveaspossibletoemployers.Foryoungpeople,informationt

echnologyskillswillplayanincreasingroleinthefuture.AsthegenerationtohavegrownupintheInformationAge,theyarequiteconfide

ntwhenitcomestoshowingofftheirinterestsandskillsinthisfield.ThismakesthemanaturalfitforCompaniesseekingexpertise(

专业技能)intechnology,marketingandnetworking.Theyshouldemphasizetheseskillswhenapplyingforjobsthatrequiretheabilitytomultitask.Anotherattractiveq

ualityisexperience.It'simportantthatanapplicant’sresumelistanyactivitiesthatinvolvedteamworkandgoal-drivenresp

onsibilities.Membershipinsportsorsocialclubandparticipationasavolunteeraregoodexamplesofthis.Theseactivitiesinvolvegoalmana

gementandplanningalongwiththeabilitytofocuswhilecompetingonateam.Whenhiringcommitteesseethis,theyseecandidatewhoiscapableofworking

inavarietyofenvironments.Finally,anattractivequalitywhenjob-huntingisagreatattitudetowardpotentialjob.Youngjobseekersareknown

tobeoverconfidentbecausetheyhavebeenpraisedforeverythingtheyhavedone.Buttheymustrealizethattheemployment

marketisabouthowanemployeewillbeagoodfitforacompany,nottheotherwayaround.Infact,inaninterview,animportantquestiontoaskis:

“Whatwouldbeexpectedofmeasanemployee?”Intoday'stough'jobmarket,youngjobseekersneedtoprovideapotentialemployerwithgoodreasonst

ohirethem._________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEng

lish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.她们中谁可能当过排球教练?(may)____________________________________________________

_______________________73.我看见他换上徒步鞋，向草坪走去。(makefor)_____________________________________________________________________________74

.妈妈将闹钟设为每六小时响一次,提醒自己该给宝宝量体温了。(reminder)_____________________________________________________________________________

75.在这个村落里，人们通常每餐只吃八分饱，但这种健康的饮食习惯最初是为了应对食物短缺的困境。(until)_____________________________________________________________________

_______VI.GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是

明启中学高三学生卢平，你校英语报向全体高三学生征文，题目为"Myteachers"，你有意投稿，撰写一篇文章，内容包括:1.对遇到过的老师进行分类；2.具体描述每一门课目的老师。____________________________________________________________

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___________________________________2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷听力文字及参考答案I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADire

ctions：InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation»aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.The

conversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossiblean

swersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.M:Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?W:Yes,thisdressistoolong.Wouldyoupleaseshorte

nitforme?Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?(C)2.W:Jack,youlooktired.M:Yes,Igotpilesofworktod

o.Butitgivesmeagreatsenseofachievement.Q:Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?(A)3.W:John,what’sup?Whyareyoustandin

gonthedesk?M:Thelightssuddenlywentoff.Thebulbmusthaveburntout.Q:Whatisthemanmostprobablydoing?(D)4.W:Iwilltakethisroom,howmuchistherent?M:Well,twoh

undredpoundseachmonth.Youneedtopaythreemonthsrentinadvance,plusadepositof100pounds.Q:Accordingtotheman,howmuchshouldthewomanpayintotal?(D)5.W:I’

lltakeaninterviewforaparttimelibrariantomorrow.M:Don’tworry.Othersstandnochance,ifyoutaketheinterview.Q:Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthewoman’schanceofg

ettingthejob?(B)6.M:Icouldn’tsleepatalllastnight.Thebedisnotcomfortable.W:Don’tblamethe,bed.Youshouldstopdrinkin

gwine.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?(A)7.W:Andy,Iboughtashirtforyou.M:Thankyou.Ihopeyoukeptthereceipt.I’veputonsomeweight.Q:Whatdoestheman

imply?(B)8.W:I’mterriblysorry,butyourflighthasbeencanceled.N:What?Inthatcase,Ihopeyouwillputmeupsomewheretonight.Q:Whatdoesthemane

xpectthewomantodoforhim?(D)9.W:Anewhotelislookingforworkers.Theyneedthreehundrednewwork4,000peopleshowedup.M:Yes,Isawthen

ewsonTV.Istillhavemyjob,thankgoodness.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?(C)10.W:Professorsmithexplainedthephysicsproblemvery

clearly.M:Didhe?Unfortunately,itisstillallGreektome.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?(D)SectionBDirections：InSectionB,youwillheartwopass

agesandonelongerconversation,aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions,thepassageandthe

conversationwillbertwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebes

tanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingtalk.Withafascinatingpastandmorethanfourcentu

riesofhistory,St.Augustineisoneofthenation’soldestcitiesandanAmericantreasure.LocatedonFlorida’sAtlanticco

ast,itishometomanyfineexamplesofEuropeanarchitectureandwildscenicviews.In1513，whilelookingforthestoriedfountainofyouth,an

explorerfoundthislandandcalleditLaFlorida,andclaimeditforSpain»thenin1565,aSpanishconquerestablishedasettlementthereandnamedit

St.Augustine,exceptforatwentyyearperiodofEnglishrule.FloridaremainedunderSpanishruleuntiltheUnitedStatestookcontrolin1821.In

theyearsafteritsfounding,thecityofSt.AugustinewasattackedbytheFrenchandEnglishand2bynativeAmericans,youaresaidto

haveshotflamingrarrowsatthecity’sdefensivebuilding,settingitonfire.Morerecently,naturehasstrickentheregionwithhurricanes,Matth

ewon2016andIrmain2017.Still.StAugustineendures.Astheregionrecovers,visitorsshouldn'toverlookit.St.Augustinehassuffere

dmuchinitslonghistory.Hopefully,visitorswillcomeandperhapssupporttheFlorida’scoastrecovery,whilediscoveringitscenturiesofhistor

yandmiles.Questions:11.WhichcountryfirstgovernedFloridainhistory?(A)12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofSa

intAugustine?(C)13.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(B)Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingtalk.TransportforLondonhasalostpropertyofficewhichcolle

ctstheitemsleftbehindaspeopleflowthroughthecity’stransportsystemeachday.ItisthebiggestlostpropertyofficeinEurope,beaten

globallyonlybyTokyo’s.Sixtyfivestaffsortthroughhundredsofthousandsoflostandforgottenitemseachattheoffice,

whichisrunbyPaulCowan.Accordingtothelatestdata,Cowan’steamdealtwithoverthreehundredthousanditemsinthefirstquarteroftheyear.Asthedatareveals,veryfewar

eclaimed.Forexample,ofthenearly13,000keyshandedintolostpropertylastyear,1justunder1,400werereturnedtotheirowners,saysCowan.Overall,twentypercen

tofstockisclaimedwithinthreemonth.Afterthattime,stockbecomesthepropertyoftransportforLondon.Andit’snotnecessarilytheitemsyou

’dexpect.Awanderthroughthethreebasementfloorsthatmakeupthelostpropertyofficegivesusanideaofwhatwevalueenoughtore

coverandwhatwe’rehappytoletgo.Cowanhasdiscoveredsomethinginterestingaboutthecomplexityoflostshoes.Hesaid,ifyouhaveoneshoe,youaremore

likelytogolookingfortheother.Ifyoulosetwoshoes,well,it’sslightlyoutofsight,outofmind.Heguessesmanypeopleregardlossasanopportunitytotreatth

emselvestosomething.Questions：14.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(B)15.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthelostitems?(D

)16.AccordingtoCowan,whydon’tsomepeoplegettheirlostshoesback?(C)Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversat

ion.M:Ifyouliketheoutside,you’regoingtoreallylovetheinside.W:Whatabeautifulhome!AndIlikethewaythewindowscreengivesyouprivacyfr

omthestreet.M:Followmeintothekitchen.Youwillloveit.W:Wow!Theyputawinestorageareainthekitchen.Iloveit!Thebestp

artisthebedroomandattachedbathroom.Ilovetherelaxingcolorsofthewallandfloorcovering.I’dliketomakeanofferonthishouse.M:Asyourhouseagent,I’mheretot

akecareofthisprocess.Howmuchwereyouplanningonoffering?W:Ireallylikethehouseandwillpaythefullaskingpriceof380,000do

llars.M:We’dbetterleaveourselvessomebargainingroom.Let’s,offer350,000dollars.W:Thatsoundsgood.ButIdon’twantthishousetogetawayfromme.M:Themark

etisfairlydownrightnow.Sotheofferisarealisticone.W:Whenwillweknowifthey’llaccepttheoffer?M:Theownersusuallyre

spondtoanofferwithinafewdays?W:ShouldIbecontactingmybankinthemeantime?M:You’realreadypre-qualifiedforyourl

oan.Soyou’reingoodshape.Questions：17.Whatisthewomanmostprobablydoing?(C)18.Whatdoesthewomanlikebestinthekitchen?(B)19.Whatdoesthewomanth

inkoftheman’sofferonthehouseatfirst?(A)20.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?(D)II.SectionA21.isbeingcau

sed22.that23.what24.themselves25.from26.bring27.protecting28.that/who29.conducted30.thoughSectionB31.F32.J33.G34.D35.C36.A37.

K38.E39.I40.HIII.SectionA41.B42.D43.C44.B45.D46.A47.B48.C49.C50.D51.C52.A53.D54.B55.ASectionB(A)56.C57.D58.A59.B(B)60.C61.B6

2.D(C)63.B64.B65.D66.ASectionC67.B68.A69.D70.EIV.略V.72.Whomayhavebeenavolleyballcoachamongthem?73.Isawhimputonhishikingshoesmakingforthe

lawn.74.Momsetsthealarmclockfor(once)everysixhoursasaremindertotakeherbabystemperature.75.Peopleinthevillageof

teneatuntiltheyare80%full,butthishealthyeatinghabitwasdevelopedaddressthefoodshortageinthefirstplace.VI.略