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课时作业28AhealthylifeⅠ.阅读理解(陕西西安中学检测)Adecade-longstudy,alsothefirstmajorresearchintoairpollutionanddiseasehasshownthatlivingnearam

ainroadincreasestheriskofdementia(痴呆).Thestudyof6.6millionpeoplefoundthatoneintendementiadeathsinpeoplelivingwith

in50metresofabusyroadwasduetowastegasandnoise.Airpollutionisalreadyknowntocontributetothedeathsofaround40,000peoplein

Britaineachyearbyworseningbreathingandheartconditions,whilepreviousresearchshowedemissions(排放物)cancausebrainshrinkage.ButthenewstudybyCana

dianpublichealthscientistsisthefirsttofindalinkbetweenlivingclosetoheavytrafficandtheincreasingofdementia,adiscovery

describedas“believable”and“impressive”byBritishexperts.DrHongChensaid,“Ourstudysuggeststhatbusyroadscouldbeasourceofenvironmentalstre

ssorsthatcouldgiverisetotheonsetofdementia.Populationgrowthandurbanizationhaveplacedmanypeopleclosetoheavytraffic,andwithwidespreadexposu

retoheavytrafficandgrowingratesofdementia,evenamodesteffectfromnear-roadexposurecouldcausealargepublicheal

thburden.Moreresearchtounderstandingthislinkisneeded,particularlyintotheeffectsofdifferentaspectsoftraffic,suchasairpollutantsa

ndnoise.”Inthenewstudy,theteamtrackedalladultsagedbetween20and85livinginOntarioformorethanadecadefrom2001to2012.Theyusedpostcodes

todeterminehowclosepeoplelivedtoamainroadandanalysedmedicalrecordstoseeiftheywentontodevelopdementia,Parkinson'sdiseas

eormultiplesclerosis(多发性硬化)．WhiletherewasnocorrelationbetweenlivingneararoadandParkinson'sdiseaseormultiplesclerosis,dementiariskreducedaspeo

plelivedfurtherfromamainroad,withasevenpercenthigherriskindevelopingdementiaamongthoselivingwithin50met

res;afourpercenthigherriskat50—100metresandatwopercenthigherriskat101—200metres.After200metrestherewasnoincrease.Researchersbelievethatnois

eoftrafficmayalsoplayaroleintheraisedriskaswellasotherurbanpollution,whichisoftenpresentnearbusyroads.本文是一篇说明文。研究表明：居住在主道路附近的居民由于受

空气污染和噪声影响患痴呆的风险较高。1．WhatcanweknowaboutCanadian'snewstudy?A．Britishexpertsthinkhighlyofit.B．Itbringsbenefitstodementiapatients.C．Itshowstha

tairpollutionisveryserious.D．Itshowsthatairpollutioncancausebrainshrinkage.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“ButthenewstudybyCanadianpublichealth...describ

edas‘believable’and‘impressive’byBritishexperts.”可知，英国专家很看重这项研究。故选A项。2．WhatDrHongChensaidshowedthat________.A．pe

oplearediagnosedwithdementiamainlyduetoairpollutionB．widespreadexposuretotrafficwillreducetheriskofhavingdementiaC．thelinkbetweenlivingnea

rroadsandhavingdementiawasnotobviousD．busyroadscouldbeasourceofenvironmentalstressorsthatcauseddementiatoincrease答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段

“DrHongChensaid,‘Ourstudysuggeststhatbusyroadscouldbeasourceofenvironmentalstressorsthatcouldgiverisetotheonsetofdementia.’”可知，DrHongChen认为繁忙的道路是一种环境

压力源，会使患痴呆症的风险升高。故选D项。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“correlation”mean?A．Change.B．Improvement.C．Association.D．Secret.答案：C解析：词义猜测题。虽然生活在道路附近与帕金森病或多发性硬化症之

间没有相关性，但随着人们远离主干道，患痴呆症的风险降低了。correlation与association同义，意为“相关，关联”。故选C项。Ⅱ.阅读填句(河北滦南一中检测)Snow-blind—it'safrighteningword.Thankfully,it'

saconditionthatistotallypreventable.Snow-blindnessisapainful,temporarylossofvisionduetooverexposuretothesun'sUVrays.Essentially,snow-blindness

iscausedbyasunburnedeye.__1__Thoughitiscommonlycalledsnow-blindness,theconditioncan(andoftendoes)occ

urintheabsenceofsnow.Theterms“snow-blind”and“snow-blindness”havebecomepopularbecausesnowishighlyrefle

ctiveofultravioletradiation.__2__Also,skiing,mountainclimbingandsnowboardingusuallytakeplaceatrelativel

yhighaltitudes,wherethesun'sUVraysarestronger.Combined,thesefactorscandoubleyourriskofgettingsunburnedeyes,compared

withbeingoutdoorsatloweraltitudesinthesummertime.__3__TelevisionjournalistAndersonCooperexperiencedsnow-freesno

w-blindnessfirst-handafewyearsagowhenhespentacoupleofhoursonaboatinPortugalwithoutsunglassesandendedup“

blindfor36hours，”accordingtohisreportoftheincident.Notonlycanyoubecomesnow-blindwithoutsnow—itcanhappenwithoutsunlight,too!__4__Forexample,sunlampsc

ancausetemporarysnow-blindnessifpropereyeprotectionisnotused.__5__Torelievepainordiscomfortfromsnow-blindness,stayindoorsandwearsunglasses.K

eepyoureyeswell-moistenedwithartificialtears.Foradditionalrelief,useover-the-counterpainrelievers.Besuretou

seonlypainrelieversyouknowyoucantakewithoutworryofanallergicreaction.Youalsomayfindthatplacingacool,dampenedwashclothoveryourclosedeyelidsi

scomforting.A．Youdon'tneedsnowtobecomesnow-blind.B．Itwilllikelyaffectthosetravellinginsnowyconditions.C．Top

reventsnow-blindnessontheslopes,wearsunglasses.D．Sometimesitoccursfromman-madesourcesofultravioletradiation.E．Infact,sno

wcanreflectover80percentoftheUVraysthatfalluponit.F．Snow-blindnessisscary,butusuallyit'stemporary,an

dtherearewaystorelievethediscomfort.G．Butwaterandwhitesandalsoarehighlyreflectiveofthesun'sUVrays,thusincreasingtherisk.本文是一篇说明文。“雪盲”是一件很可怕的事情，在没有雪的情

况下也会发生，文章介绍了几种可以预防“雪盲”发生的方法。1．解析：根据后面的句子“Thoughitiscommonlycalledsnow-blindness,theconditioncan(andofte

ndoes)occurintheabsenceofsnow.”可知，虽然这词被叫作“雪盲”，但是在没有雪的地方也会发生，故选A。2．解析：根据上一句的介绍“Theterms‘snow-blind’and‘snow-blindness’havebecomepopu

larbecausesnowishighlyreflectiveofultravioletradiation.”可知，这个术语很流行，因为雪能高度反射紫外线，所以“...snowcanreflectover

80percentoftheUVraysthatfalluponit.”这句话说明雪能反射80%的紫外线，起到承上启下的作用，故选E。3．解析：根据后一句话“TelevisionjournalistAndersonCooperexperiencedsnow-freesnow-b

lindnessfirst-handafewyearsago...”可知，人们在没有雪的地方也会经历“雪盲”，可见，水和白沙也会反射紫外线，增加了这种风险，故选G。4．解析：根据下句“...sunlampscancausetemporarysnow-b

lindnessifpropereyeprotectionisnotused.”可知，太阳灯也能造成暂时的“雪盲”，故一些人造的东西也能反射紫外线，故选D。5．解析：此空位于段首，根据这段的内容介绍可知，本段主要介绍了几种减少“雪

盲”发生的方法，故选F。Ⅲ.语法填空(福建厦门一中检测)FriendshipDayinIndiafallson__1__firstSundayofAugusteveryyear.Itiscelebratedwithmanyactivities.Yo

ungpeopleinIndiaspendthedaywiththeirclosestfriendsandhave__2__(funny)together.MostyoungstersinIndiaplanamovieorlunch

withfriends.Alargegroupoffriendsmayalsogoonadrivetotouristplacesormakeaplan__3__camping.Somefriendsgotothesupermarket

stodosomeshopping.OnFriendshipDaymoststoresofferdiscountedpricesfor__4__(customer)anditistheperfectdaytobuysome

thingforfriends.Somefriendsgotoparties__5__(organize)bymanyrestaurantsinordertoattractyoungsters.Suchpartiesareveryenjoyable.Youc

angetfoodatadiscountedprice.Somefriendsjustdecidetomeetupatsomeone'shomeandtalkabout__6__(they)happypastt

ime.Thetimegoodfriendsspend__7__(sit)togetherandtalkingoveracupofcoffeeispreciousand__8__(forget)．Longdis

tancefriendscallupeachotheronthisday__9__wisheachotherwithwarmfeelings.Someofthemevenplantomeetupont

hisparticularday.Yetsomeothersplana__10__(surprise)visitjusttoseetheirfriendgaspinpleasantshock!本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“印度友谊日”的相关情况。1．解析：友谊日是每年八

月的第一个星期天，有序数词，因此与定冠词the连用。2．解析：这里说的是年轻人跟最亲密的朋友一起，玩得很开心。havefun“玩得开心，过得愉快”，为固定搭配。3．解析：许多朋友可能开车去旅游景点或者指定野营计划。makeaplanfor“为……制订计划”。4．解析：这

个句子的主语是stores，商店会降价销售他们的商品给顾客们。5．解析：一些朋友会参加由许多餐馆为了吸引年轻人而组织的聚会。parties与organize之间是动宾关系，因此需用被动形式，且此处句子已经有了谓语，又在此作定语

修饰parties，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。6．解析：句子的主语为somefriends，且此处作定语修饰time，因此用形容词性物主代词。7．解析：句中的goodfriendsspendsittingtogetherandtalkingoveracupofcoffee是定语从

句，先行词为thetime，因此此处是spendtimedoing...的结构。8．解析：依据语境可知，此处是说时光很宝贵和难忘，因此用unforgettable表示“难忘的”。9．解析：远地方的朋友会打电话，祝福彼此，因此为并列关系，用and

连接。10．解析：修饰名词visit，且作定语，因此用surprising，表示“令人吃惊的”。Ⅳ.短文改错(山西太原十二中检测)DearSusan，I'mverygladtohearyouwerecomingtovisitmethenextF

riday.Unfortunately,Iwon'tbeabletomeetyouattheairportalthoughIhaveclassesintheafternoon.Youwon'tfinddifficulttogettothecityconcert.Thea

irportbusleavesevery30minuteandwilltakeyourightlytotheFriendshipHotel.MyclasswillbeoverbythenorIwillpickyouupthere.Iwilltakeyout

ogethertoahot-potrestaurantfordinnerandwe'lltalkwithourplanfortheweekendoverdinner.HavingapleasanttripandseeyouonFriday.Yours，Z

hangMing答案与解析1．were→are考查时态。youarecoming用现在进行时表示将来的动作。2．去掉next前面的the考查冠词。这里不是间接引语，不需要加the。nextFriday“下星期五”。3．althou

gh→because考查连词。此处Ihaveclasses是Iwon'tbeabletomeetyouattheairport的原因。4．find后加it考查动词后的宾语。it是形式宾语，代替togettoth

ecityconcert。5．minute→minutes考查名词的单复数形式。minute是可数名词，前面有30，故用复数。6．rightly→right考查副词。此处right是副词，意为“直接地”。rightly意为“端正地，正当地，正确地，公正地，恰

当地”。不合题意。7．or→and考查连词。“Myclasswillbeoverbythen”和“Iwillpickyouupthere”是顺承关系，不是选择。8．去掉together考查搭配。takesb.to无须加to

gether。9．with→about考查介词。后面的宾语是ourplan，因此用about。talkabout“谈论……”。10．Having→Have考查句子。此处是祝愿语，用祈使句。Ⅴ.书面表达(河北保定模拟)假设你是李华，元旦假期来临，你校学生会决定组织在校学生在

卧龙山进行一次拓展活动。请你给好友——美国交换生Peter写一封邮件告知相关情况。1．时间：元旦上午8：00乘车出发；2．内容：爬山，同时捡拾垃圾；3．注意事项：自带午餐、雨具等。注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行

文连贯。DearPeter，Goodnewsforyou!Thestudents'unionhasdecidedtoorganizeatriptoMountWolongonNewYear'sDay,soI'mwritingtotellyouab

outthedetails.Allofuswillgetontheschoolbusattheschoolgateat8：00inthemorning.ThenwestartourtriptoMountWolong.Theclimbwillstartat

theparkingcenter.Everyoneisexpectedtopickuptherubbishasweclimbup,whichwillhelptopolishthebeautyofthescenery.Wewon'thavelunchtogether,soyounee

dtotakeapackedlunchwithyou.Andalso,bringyourumbrellaorraincoatwithyouincaseitrains.Haveaniceday！Your

s,LiHua