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SectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage重点单词写作词汇1.staffn．全体员工；手杖2.divorcen.离婚；断绝关系vt.与……离婚；与……脱离3.part－t

imeadj.兼职的4.navyn.海军；海军部队5.boundadj.一定的；密切相关的拓展词汇6.talentn．天才；特殊能力；才干→talentedadj.天才的7.receivern．收件人；接收机；电话听筒→rec

eivevt.收到8.obeyvt.&vi.服从；顺从→disobey(反义词)vt.&vi.不服从；违抗9.theoreticaladj.理论(上)的；假设的→theoryn．理论10.assessmentn．评价；评定→ass

essv．评价；评定11.junioradj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的n．年少者；晚辈；等级较低者→senior(反义词)adj.资格较老的；地位较高的n．较年长者阅读词汇12.mailboxn.(美)邮筒；信箱13.dig

italadj.数字的；数码的；手指的；脚趾的14.grandadj.大的；豪华的；雄伟的15.biographyn.(由他人撰写的)传记；传记文学16.chaptern．(书中的)章；篇；回17.frameworkn.框架；结构18.thinkingn.思想；思考19.

holyadj.神的；上帝的；圣洁的重点短语1.set__aside将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)2.be__junior__than比……年幼；比……位低3.be__bound__to...一定要……4

.help__sb.out帮助某人摆脱困境5.have__a__talent__for有……才华6.in__all一共；总计7.at__one__time曾经；一度8.be__attached__to喜欢；依恋9.take__sb./sth.seriously认真对待某人/某物10.as__

long__as只要重点句型1.withwhich引导的定语从句，在句中作方式状语：Asimovhadbothanextraordinaryimaginationthatgavehimtheabilitytoexp

lorefutureworldsandanamazingmindwith__which__he__searched__for__explanations(他用这作出解释)ofeverything,inthepresenta

ndthepast.2．the＋比较级，the＋比较级：Aswithanything,the__more__you__practise,__the__better__you__become(你练习得越多，就变得越好)

.Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．WhatkindofbooksisIsaacAsimovbestknownfor?A．Mysterystories.B．Scienceandhist

orybooks.C．BooksabouttheHolyBible.D．Sciencefictionstories.2．HowoldwasIsaacAsimovwhenhebecameabiochemistryteacheratBosto

nUniversitySchoolofMedicine?A．22.B．28.C．29.D．38.3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．IsaacAsimovwasborninRussiainJanuary，

1920.B．IsaacAsimovbegantowritenovelsin1939.C．IsaacAsimovmovedtoAmericawithhisparentswhenhewasthreeyearsold.D．IsaacAsimovpublishedhisfirstsci

encebookin1953.4．ThemainideaofthefifthparagraphisaboutIsaacAsimov’s________．A．birthdateandplaceB．educationC．awardsD．familylife答案：1

－4.DCBC①biography[baI'ɒɡrəfI]n.(由他人撰写的)传记；传记文学②holy['həʊlI]adj.神的；上帝的；圣洁的③bebestknownfor因……最负盛名④imagination[IˌmædʒI'neIʃn]n.想象(力)；创造力；幻想物⑤exp

lorevt.探索；探险⑥searchfor搜寻，寻找⑦asaresultof作为……的结果同义短语：asaconsequenceof⑧transfusion[træns'fjuːʒn]n.输血abloodtransfusion输血⑨runastore经

营一家店⑩pregnantadj.怀孕的bepregnantwith怀有身孕的⑪part-time['pɑːtaIm]adj.兼职的(反)full-time专职的，全职的⑫helpout帮助脱离困境；解决难题⑬master’sdegree硕士学位amaster’sd

egree＋in＋学科某学科的硕士学位⑭staff[stɑːf]n.全体员工；手杖staff作主语，看作整体时谓语动词用单数；强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。⑮navy['neIvI]n.海军；海军部队⑯junior['dʒuːnIə]adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的n．年少者；晚

辈；等级较低者bejuniorto比……低级/年少⑰PhD＝DoctorofPhilosophy哲学博士学位；博士学位⑱biochemistry[ˌbaIəʊ'kemIstrI]n.生物化学⑲talent['tælənt]n.天才；特殊能力；才干(＋forsth.)ha

veatalentfor有……的天赋⑳chapter['tʃæptə]n.(书中的)章；篇；回○21take...astreat...aslookon...asregard...asthinkof...as把……当作○22awardn．奖，奖品vt.给……颁奖；

授予……奖winanawardfor因……而获奖○23theFoundation[faʊn'deIʃn]trilogy['trIlədʒI]《基地》三部曲○24empire['empaIə]n.帝国○25ga

laxyn．银河系；星系○26bebasedon以……为基础○27theoretical[θIə'retIkl]adj.理论(上)的；假设的○28framework['freImwɜːk]n.框架；结构○29bedesignedtodo目的是

去做；被设计用于做bedesignedfor适用于○30thinking['θIŋkIŋ]n.思想；思考○31statevt.陈述○32influencevt.&n．影响○33artificialadj.人造的；非天然的；非真实的○34intelligencen．智力；才能artifici

alintelligence人工智能○35divorce[dI'vɔːs]n.离婚；断绝关系vt.与……离婚；与……脱离ABIOGRAPHY①OFISAACASIMOVIsaacAsimovwasanAmericanscientistandwriterwhowrotearou

nd480booksthatincludedmysterystories,scienceandhistorybooks,andevenbooksabouttheHoly②BibleandShakespeare.Bu

theisbestknownfor③hissciencefictionstories.Asimovhadbothanextraordinaryimagination④thatgavehimtheabilitytoexpl

ore⑤futureworldsandanamazingmindwithwhichhesearchedfor⑥explanationsofeverything,inthepresentandthepast.◆anAmerican...Shakespeare含有两个

定语从句。whowrote...是who引导的定语从句，修饰anAmericanscientistandwriter;thatincluded...是that引导的定语从句，修饰books。◆Asimovhad...past.中had后连接

两个宾语，两个宾语由both...and...连接。其中thatgavehim...是that引导的定语从句，修饰imagination,withwhichhe...是withwhich引导的定语从句，修饰mind。Asimov’slifebeganinRussia,wherehewasb

ornon2January,1920.ItendedinNewYorkon6April,1992，whenhediedasaresultof⑦anHIVinfectionthathehadgotfromabloo

dtransfusion⑧nineyearsearlier.◆wherehewasborn...是where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Russia。◆Itended...earlier.中whenhedied...

是when引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰6April,1992，其中，asaresultof引导原因状语，thathehad...是that引导的定语从句，修饰anHIVinfection。WhenAsimovwasthree,hemovedwithhisparentsandhisone-y

ear-oldsistertoNewYorkCity.Therehisparentsboughtacandystorewhichtheyran⑨forthenext40orsoyears.Attheageofnine,whenhismotherwaspregnant⑩withherthird

child,Asimovstartedworkingpart-time⑪inthestore.Hehelpedout⑫throughhisschoolanduniversityyearsuntil1942,ayearafterhehadgainedamaster’sdegree⑬inchemis

try.In1942hejoinedthestaff⑭ofthePhiladelphiaNavy⑮Yardasajunior⑯chemistandworkedthereforthreeyears.In1948hegothisPhD⑰inchemistry.Thenextye

arhebecameabiochemistry⑱teacheratBostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine.In1958hegaveupteachingtobecomeafull-timewriter.◆

whichtheyran...是which引导的限制性定语从句，修饰acandystore。ItwaswhenAsimovwaselevenyearsoldthathistalent⑲forwriting

becameobvious.Hehadtoldafriendtwochapters⑳ofastoryhehadwritten.Thefriendthoughthewasretellingastoryfromabook.ThisreallysurprisedAsimovandfromthatm

oment,hestartedtotakehimselfseriouslyas○21awriter.Asimovbeganhavingstoriespublishedinsciencefictionmagazinesin1939.In1950hepu

blishedhisfirstnovelandin1953hisfirstsciencebook.◆ItwaswhenAsimovwaselevenyearsoldthat...是强调句型，强调的是时间状语从句whenAsimovwaselevenyearsold。◆he

hadwritten是定语从句，修饰先行词astory。◆havingstoriespublished是havesth.done结构，done作宾补。Throughouthislife,Asimovreceivedmanyawards○22

,bothforhissciencefictionbooksandhissciencebooks.Amonghismostfamousworksofsciencefiction,oneforwhichhewo

nanawardwastheFoundationtrilogy○23(1951－1953),threenovelsaboutthedeathandrebirthofagreatempire○24inagalaxy○25ofthefuture.Itwaslooselybasedon○2

6thefalloftheRomanEmpirebutwasaboutthefuture.ThesebooksarefamousbecauseAsimovinventedatheoretical○27framewor

k○28whichwasdesignedto○29showhowideasandthinking○30maydevelopinthefuture.Heisalsowellknownforhiscollectionofshortstories,I,Robot(19

50),inwhichhedevelopedasetofthree“laws”forrobots.Forexample,thefirstlawstates○31thatarobotmustnotinjurehumanbeingsorallowt

hemtobeinjured.Someofhisideasaboutrobotslaterinfluenced○32otherwritersandevenscientistsresearchingintoartif

icial○33intelligence○34.◆forwhichhewonanaward是forwhich引导的定语从句，修饰先行词one。for表示“因为”。◆whichwasdesignedto...是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词atheoretic

alframework。◆inwhich引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词I，Robot。◆researchingintoartificialintelligence是现在分词作后置定语。Asimovwasmarriedtwice.Hemarriedhisfirstwifein194

2andhadasonandadaughter.Theirmarriagelasted31years.Soonafterhisdivorce○35in1973,Asimovmarriedagainbuthehadnochildr

enwithhissecondwife.艾萨克·阿西莫夫传艾萨克·阿西莫夫是美国的科学家兼作家，他写过大约480本书，包括怪诞小说、科学和历史方面的书，甚至还写过有关《圣经》和莎士比亚的书。但是，他最有名的作品是他的科幻小说。阿西莫夫不仅有超凡的想象力，使他能对未来世界进行探索，而且还有惊人的智

力，使他能对现在的和过去的各种事物作出解释。阿西莫夫的一生从俄罗斯开始，他生于1920年1月2日；阿西莫夫的一生在纽约结束，他于1992年4月6日去世。他是因为9年前的一次输血中感染了艾滋病病毒而去世的。阿西莫夫

3岁的时候，就随同父母和年仅一岁的妹妹迁到纽约。在那儿，他的父母买下了一家糖果店，后来一直经营了大约40年。阿西莫夫9岁的时候，母亲怀了第三个孩子，他就开始在糖果店里做兼职工作了。他读中小学和大学的那段时期都在糖果

店里帮忙，一直到1942年，也就是他获得化学硕士学位一年以后他才停止糖果店的工作。1942年他成为费城海军造船厂的一名初级化学师，并在那里工作了三年。1948年他获得化学博士学位。第二年他在波士顿大学的医学院任生化教员。1

958年他放弃了教学工作成为专职作家。早在阿西莫夫11岁的时候，他的写作才华就已经显露出来了。他把他写的小说中的两个章节念给一个朋友听，这个朋友还以为他是在复述某本书上的故事呢。这使阿西莫夫很惊讶，从那以后，他就开始认真地从事写作了。193

9年，阿西莫夫开始在科幻杂志上发表故事，1950年出版了他的第一部小说，1953年出版了他的第一部科学书籍。阿西莫夫一生中多次获过奖，既有科幻小说奖，也有科学书籍奖。在他那些最负盛名的科幻小说中，有一部获奖作品叫做《基地》三部曲(1951－19

53)，由三本小说组成，讲的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡与再生。基本素材取自罗马帝国的衰败，但讲的是有关未来的事情。这些书之所以有名，是因为阿西莫夫创造了一种理论框架，用以阐述各种想法在未来可能会如何发展。他的短篇小说

集《我，机器人》(1950)也是享有盛名的。在这本书里他提出机器人的三大“原则”。举例来说，第一条原则就规定机器人不得伤害人类，也不能允许人类受到伤害。他有关机器人的一些想法后来影响了其他作家，甚至影响了那些从事人工

智能研究的科学家们。阿西莫夫结过两次婚。他于1942年同他的第一任妻子结婚，生有一儿一女。这次婚姻持续了31年。1973年离婚后不久，阿西莫夫又结婚了，但是他与第二任妻子没有生育儿女。setaside将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)(教材P13)Hefelthappywhenh

isbossstatedthathecouldsetasidesometimeforexercise.当老板说他可以抽出些时间来锻炼身体时，他感到很高兴。setabout(doing)开始(做)，着手(做)setout(＋todo)出发；开始(做某事)setdown记下；放下se

toff出发，动身，起程setup成立；设立；安排①Hesetasidehisownbusinessandcameheretodomeafavour.他把自己的事情放在一边来帮我的忙。②Isincerelyhopeyoucansetasi

desometimeforourEnglishspeechcontestandbeajudge.我真诚地希望你能为我们的英语演讲比赛抽出一点时间并担任评委。[即学即练]——用set的相关短语填空①Hewillset__downallhisimportantthoughtsinhisdi

arywhentheyarefreshinhismind.②Theschoolhasset__upaspecialclasstohelpthosepoorlearners.③Havingsaidgoodbyetotheirfriends,theyset_

_off/outfortheirdestination.④Weset__outtopaintthewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpart.＝Weset__aboutpaintingthewh

olehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpart.[能力提升]——词汇升级⑤(普通表达)Isincerelyhopeyoucansavesometimefortheartfeast.(高级表达)Is

incerelyhopeyoucanset__asidesometimefortheartfeast.inall一共；总计(教材P14)Thereweresixtyinall.共有60张卡片。notatall根本不，一点儿也不aboveall最重要的是afterall

毕竟；终究firstofall首先；最重要的是allinall总之；总的说来①Thereare2，000peopleinallwhoareinfavourofhisplan.一共有2000人支持他的计划。②Childrenneedmanythings,butaboveal

ltheyneedlove.孩子们需要很多东西，但最需要的是爱。[即学即练]——用all的相关短语填空①All__in__all,__everyroadleadstoRome,soIbelieveha

rdworkpaysoff.②Don’tbelievetheadvertisement.After__all,__itisthecustomerswhopayforwhatevertheyaregiven.③Firs

t__of__all,__youcantalkaboutAmericancustomsandfestivalsbecauseChinesestudentsareinterestedinthem.junioradj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的

n．年少者；晚辈；等级较低者(教材P16)In1942hejoinedthestaffofthePhiladelphiaNavyYardasajuniorchemistandworkedthereforthreeyears.1942年他成为费城海军造船厂的一名初级化学师，并在那里工作了三年。

(1)bejuniortosb.比某人资历浅/年轻(2)AisjuniortoBbytwoyears.AistwoyearsjuniortoB.A比B小两岁。(3)beseniorto比……资格

老/年纪大①Heisjuniortohiscolleaguesinhiscompany，buthehasgreaterambition.他比公司里的同事资历浅，但是他有更大的抱负。②Mybrotherisjuniortomebyseveralyears.我弟弟比我小好几岁。[能力提升]——微写作

他总是仰慕比他地位高的人，而瞧不起比他地位低的人。Healwayslooksuptothosewhoare__senior__tohiminrank,andlooksdownuponthosewhoare__junior__tohim.talentn．天

才，人才；特殊能力；才干(教材P16)ItwaswhenAsimovwaselevenyearsoldthathistalentforwritingbecameobvious.早在阿西莫夫11岁的时候，他的写作才华就已经显露出来了。(1)haveatalent/giftfor有……的

天资/天赋showatalentfor表现出……才能(2)betalented/giftedin/at在……方面有才能①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheere

dloudly，sayingthatIhadatalentforfootball.所有的足球运动员在操场上大声欢呼，说我在足球方面很有天赋。②Sheshowedatalentforsingingatanearlyage.

她在很小的时候就显示出了唱歌的天赋。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①(2019·北京卷)Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupof

themosttalented(talent)individuals.②Hehadagiftformusicwhenhewasjust6yearsold，soweallconsiderhimtobeata

lented(talent)musician.divorcen．离婚；断绝关系vt.与……离婚；与……脱离(教材P16)Soonafterhisdivorcein1973，Asimovmarriedagainbuthehadnoc

hildrenwithhissecondwife.1973年离婚后不久，阿西莫夫又结婚了，但是他与第二任妻子没有生育儿女。(1)getadivorcefromsb.与某人离婚divorce...from...使……与……脱离(2)divorcedadj.离婚的，离异的；脱离……的getd

ivorced离婚①Atlast,shegotadivorcefromherhusbandafterhegotdisabledinanaccident.最终，在她丈夫在一次事故中致残后，她和他离婚了。②Weshouldn’tdivorcetheoryfrom

practice.我们不应该把理论与实践分离。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Inmodernlivesmanypeopletendtogetdivorced(divorce)whentheyareunhappywitheachothe

r.②Itisabsurdthatheisunabletodivorcefantasyfromreality.obeyvt.&vi.服从；顺从(教材P18)Arobotmustobeytheordersgiventoitbyhumanbeings(aslongashumanbeingsareno

tinjured)．机器人必须服从人类发出的命令(只要人类不受伤)。(1)obeythetrafficrules遵守交通规则(2)disobeyvt.&vi.不服从；违抗(反义词)①Rulesofonlinevoting

shouldbeworkedoutandstrictlyobeyed.应该制定网络投票的规则并严格遵守。②Ifyoukeepondisobeyingtherules，youwillbepunished.如果你继续违反规则，你将受到

惩罚。[能力提升]——完成句子①Asajuniorclerk,youmustobey__a__senior__officer(服从上级)atalltimes.②Ifeveryoneobeys__the__traffic__

rules(遵守交通规则),safetywillbemuchimproved.介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句(教材P16)Asimovhadbothanextraordinaryimaginationthatgavehimtheabilitytoexplorefutureworldsand

anamazingmindwithwhichhesearchedforexplanationsofeverything,inthepresentandthepast.阿西莫夫不仅有超凡的想象力，使他能对

未来世界进行探索，而且还有惊人的智力，使他能对现在的和过去的各种事物作出解释。若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结

构。①Ourclassismadeupof56students,allofwhomarefriendlyanddiligent.我们班由56位学生组成，所有学生都很友好并且勤奋。②RecentlyIboughtanan

cientvase，thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Motherboughtmanytomatoesfromthemarkettwodaysago,mostofwhic

hhavegonebadbecauseofthebadweather.[能力提升]——句式升级②(普通表达)Ourclassalsohasproblemsofitsown,andoneofthemisthestudents’laziness.(高级表达)Ou

rclassalsohasproblemsofitsown,one__of__whichisthestudents’laziness.(定语从句)Ⅰ品句填词1．Theyoungmanisfondofliteraturesomuchthatweallthinkheisbo

und(一定会)tobeanovelistoneday.2．Themovefromjunior(初级的)toseniorhighschoolisanimportantoccasionthatcanbecelebratedinmanyways.3．Theyquar

relledalotandeventuallyendedindivorce(离婚)．4．Don’tlookdownuponthemaninordinaryclothes.Heistheownerofthegrand(豪华的)hotel.5．Everybodysho

uldobey(遵守)thelaw,orhewillbepunished.6．IopenedabankaccountafterImade$1，000bydoingapart­time(兼职的)jobduringthesummervacation.7．Thestaf

f(全体员工)intherestaurantarepolite，withsmilesontheirfacesallthetime.8．Heisanofficerinthenavy(海军)andhiswifeworksinabank.9．Mymotherb

oughtadigital(数码的)camerayesterdayfromtheInternet.10．Itisobviousthatyourdaughterhasagreataffection(喜爱)forChinesefolkmu

sic.Ⅱ选词填空testout;infavourof;turnaround;leave...alone;inall;setaside;ringup;intime1．Leaveyourfatheralone.Heispreparinganimport

antreportinhisstudy.2．Duetothetrafficjam,wegottotheairportbytaxijustin__timetocheckin.3．Generallyspeaking,allth

enewproductsneedtobetested__outbeforetheycomeontothemarket.4．It’sreportedthat3，000runnersin__allwilltakepartintheracethisweekend.5．Havingrealizedsheh

adleftherwalletintherestaurant,Mrs.Greenturned__aroundandranfasttowardit.6．Somepeopleinterviewedwerein__f

avour__ofsendingtheirchildrenabroadforfurtherstudy.7．Youmaysavesomemoney,sincetheseplacesoftenset__asideoneortwofreeadmi

ssiondaysduringtheweekatslowtimes.8．IrangAlexupthisafternoon,buthedidn’tanswerthephone.Ⅲ完成句子1．你的想法不现实，因此你的父母不会让你从大学退学办公司的。Yourideaisnotpractical,so

yourparentswon’t__have__you__leaving__university__to__set__upacompany.2．你的女儿在绘画方面很有天赋，因此你应该让她学习绘画。Yourdaughterhas__a__grea

t__talent__forpainting,soyoushouldletherstudypainting.3．母亲的坚强意志给他留下了深刻的印象，因此面对困难，他从不退缩。Hewas__greatly__impressed__byhismother’sstrongwil

l,sohenevergaveupwhenfacingdifficulties.4．很奇怪，他今天竟然缺席那么重要的会议。It__was__strange__thatheshouldhavebeena

bsentfromsuchanimportantmeetingtoday.5．当她走出大门口，那里停着一辆黑色小汽车。Whenshewentoutofthegate,there__parked__a__black

__car．Ⅳ课文语法填空IsaacAsimovwasanAmericanscientistandwriter1.who/thatwroteabout480books.Andheisbestknownforhissciencefictionstories.Asimovhadanext

raordinary2.imagination(image)andanamazingmind.AsimovwasborninRussiain1920.Threeyearslater,hisfamilymoved

toNewYorkCity.At3.theageof9,Asimovbeganworkingpart­timeinhisparents’store.Hehelpedoutthroughhisschoolanduniv

ersityyearsuntil1942.ItwaswhenAsimovwas11yearsoldthathistalent4.forwritingbecameobvious.Hebegantotake5.himself(him)seriously

asawriter.In1939,Asimovstartedhavinghisstories6.published(publish)insciencefictionmagazines.In1950,hepublishedhisfirstnovelandi

n1953hisfirstsciencebook.In1958,hegaveup7.teaching(teach)andbecameafull-timewriter.Throughouthislife,Asimovreceivedma

ny8.awards(award),bothforhissciencefictionbooksandhissciencebooks,TheFoundationtrilogy,9.loosely(loose)basedonthefalloftheRomanEmpirebutaboutthefu

ture,wasoneofhismostfamoussciencefictionworks.Heisalsowellknownforhiscollectionofshortstories,I,Robot.Asimovwasma

rriedtwice.In1992,he10.died(die)inNewYorkbecauseofanHIVinfection.Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Aliceisoutgoingandhasagreattal

entformakingfriendswithstrangers.2．ThisinternationallanguageisbasedonthesoundsofEnglish.3．Relax.You’reboundto__pass(pass)theexamsinceyouhavedonesomu

chwork.4．Thedriverdisobeyed(obey)thetrafficrulesandparkedhiscarillegally.Asaresult,hewasfined200yuan.5．Shefeltquitealarmed(alarm)w

henshewasaskedtogototheheadmaster’soffice.6．Myfatherenjoysscanning(scan)themorningnewspaperwhenwearehavingbreakfast.7．ItwasonSeptember16ththat

Mexicodeclared(declare)independencefromSpain.8．ItwaswhenImadetheseriousmistakethatIrealizedIshouldtakeothers’adviceseriously

.9．Havingworkedforjustafewdays，Richardwasjuniortothosewhohadbeeninthecompanyforalongtime.10．Youdon’thavetotakehi

swordsseriously(serious),becauseheneverkeepshisword.Ⅱ阅读理解AHibernation(冬眠)allowsananimaltoslowitslife

supportsystems.Thissavesenergy,andpreventstheanimal’sbodyfromrequiringadditionalfoodandwaterwhileitsleeps.Theanimal’sbodyte

mperaturealsodrops,andmostofthewarmthisnearandaroundtheimportantorgans.Manysmallwarm­bloodedanimalshibernateduringthewinter,likethedormouse,groun

dsquirrel,andwoodchuck.Theseanimalsneedtohibernateforpartoftheyear,andoncethisprocessbegins,theyareextremelydifficulttowakeup.Thebodytempera

tureofadormouse,forexample,dropstojustabovezero,anditsheartbeatsonlyafewtimeseachminute.Someoftheseanimalswillwakeupperiodicallytoeat,butoth

ersstayinthisdeepsleepforuptosixmonths.Bearsalsosleepthroughthewintermonths;however,manyscientistsdon’tclassifythemastruehiber

nators.Thisisbecausetheydon’tgothroughthesamedegreeofphysiologicalchangesthatotherhibernatinganimalsdo.Forexample,whileabear’sheartrateandb

reathingslow,itsbodytemperaturedoesn’tfallverymuch.Alongwithsomebats,bearsarealsorelativelyeasytowakeup.Mostbearsdeliverth

eiryoungduringthewinter,andsomotherbearsmustbecomesomewhatconsciousduringthebirthingprocesstoproperlytendtheirbabies.Insects,reptil

es(爬行动物)andotherspecies,includingsomefish,alsohibernate.Sincetheycannotmaintaintheirbodytemperatureslikewarm­bloodeda

nimals,manycold­bloodedanimalsfindsheltersincavesorundergroundtoprotectthemselvesduringthewinter.Somewetlandcreatures—aswellasfish—often

burythemselvesinmudatthebottomofalakeorpond.Thisnotonlyprotectsthecreaturefromthebadweather,italsopre

ventstherunningwaterfromwashingthecreaturedownstreamandguardsitfrombeingeatenbyanimalsthatdon’thibernate.However,whi

lemostanimalseatextrafoodbeforehibernatingandusethestoredfattogetthemthroughthewinter,reptilessurvive

onglycogen(糖原),anenergystoragemolecule.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动物冬眠的一些知识。1．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A．Animals’organscannotworkdur

inghibernation.B．Warm­bloodedanimalsaremorelikelytohibernate.C．Squirrelswon’tbedisturbedeasilyduringhibernation.D．Mostsmall

animalswakeupperiodicallytofeedthemselvesduringhibernation.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的Theseanimalsneedtohibernate...aree

xtremelydifficulttowakeup.可知，松鼠冬眠时一般不容易醒来。2．Whatpreventsbearsbeingcalledrealhibernators?A．Theirheartrateincreases.B．Theysleepforashort

timeinwinters.C．Theyeatlittlefoodbeforehibernating.D．Theirbodytemperaturefallsalittle.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Forexample,whileabear’

sheartrateandbreathingslow,itsbodytemperaturedoesn’tfallverymuch.可知，熊类在冬眠时体温下降不大，因此有些专家认为它们并不是真正的冬眠。3．Whydosomew

etlandfishgetthemselvesburiedinmudinwinter?A．Tolookformorefood.B．Toavoidbeingwashedaway.C．Toguaranteetheirdeepsl

eep.D．Togetawayfromthestrongsunlight.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的italsopreventstherunningwaterfromwashingthecreaturedownstream可知，这些鱼这样做可

以保护自己不被水冲走。BWhenBetabrandrecognizedthatknitwearwasbecomingapopularlookinrunningshoes,thecompanyaskedusersofitsw

ebsitewhatkindsoffootweartheyliked.Usingthoseanswers,theclothingmanufacturerhaditsversionoftheshoeavailableonthewebsitei

njustoneweek.Whattheuserssawwasathreedimensional(3-D)pictureoftherunningshoe.Theimagehadheight,widthanddepth.However,

nosuchfootwearexistedyet.Normally,itwouldtakesixtoninemonthstocreateatraditionalmodeloftheshoe.Buyersstillneededtowaitafewmonthsfortherealshoetobeman

ufactured.Yettheuseofdigitaltechnologyindesigningandsellingmeansnewfashionproductsaregettingtopeoplefasterthanunde

rtheoldsystem.“Thewebattentionspanisshort,soifyoucandevelopandcreatetheproductinashorttime,youcanbearealproduc

tdevelopmentmachine，”notedChrisLindland,CEOofBetabrand.Theuseof3­Dimagingisabigculturalchangeforclothingmakers.Foryears,d

esignerscreatedimagesonpaper;adesigngotapproved;andthenimageswenttoafactorythatcreatedprototypes(原型).Designersanddeveloper

smadechangesandsentprototypesbackandforth.Onceafinalversionwasapproved,itwassenttothefactorytobecopiedfor

massproduction.Fromstarttofinish,theprocesscouldtakeaslongasayear.Now,somecompanieshavedesignerscreatingimagesonhigh­resolutioncomputertablets.Theyu

sesoftwareprogramsthatcanemail3-Dimagesofclothingwithmeasurementsimmediatelytofactories.Thegoalistoreducetosixmonthsorlessthetimeittakestogetnewpr

oductstostores.“Companiesandstoreownerswhowelcomethisapproacharegoingtobe‘thewinnersofthefuture’，”saidDavidBassuk,man

agingdirectorofAlixPartners,amarketingadvisoryservice.Currently,although3­Dtechnologyisonlyusedinjusttwopercentofoverall

suppliers,saysSpencerFung,CEOofLi&Fung,hebelievesthatwillchangeasmorestoresrealizethatreducingdesigntimeandprototypess

avesmoney.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一款新型3-D鞋样的诞生，阐述了3-D技术能帮助服装行业提高生产效率，降低成本。4．Theappearanceofthe3­Dimageoftherunningshoemeansthat_____

___．A．thepriceofsuchatypeofshoeswillbehigherB．customerswilltendtobuysuchatypeofshoesC．theentireproductionprocesswillbemor

eefficientD．manufacturerswillmainlyproduceknitwearproductsC解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的Yettheuseofdigitaltechnology...fasterthanundertheo

ldsystem.再结合第三段末尾说传统工艺需要大约一年时间，而第四段中说利用3-D技术可使时间减少至六个月甚至更短，由此可推断，3­D技术的出现可以使生产更高效。5．AccordingtoDavidBassuk,thewinnersofthefuturedependon

________．A．awidediversityofproductsB．theuseofdigitaltechnologyC．excellentcustomerserviceD．simplemanufacturingprocessB解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可推

测，DavidBassuk的观点是：未来的市场赢家将属于那些善于运用数字科技的企业。句中的thisapproach指的就是前文讨论的3-D数字科技的运用。6．Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A．Thereformof3­Dtechnolog

yisboundtosucceed.B．Storeownersareoptimisticabout3­Dproducts.C．Fewbuyerscanrealizethebenefitsof3­Dimaging.D．Theuseof3­Dtechnologyha

sn’tyetcaughton.D解析：推理判断题。最后一段中的justtwopercentofoverallsuppliers以及thatwillchangeasmorestoresrealize...暗示了目前此项技术的

运用并没有普及。Ⅲ七选五Whenoneofyourfriendsisupset,helpthembybeingthereforthem,findingtherightthingstosay,andavoidingcommonmistak

es.Herearesomewaystocomfortyourfriend.1．________Iftheyseemtobeverytroubled,itmaytakemoreeffortonyourparttohelpthem.Ifsomethingisbotheringthem,bu

ttheyaren’ttooupset,bethereforthemwithoutoverreacting.Sousetheirbehaviorasyourguideforhowtogoonwithyourhelp.

Findoutwhat’swrong.Beforeyousayanything,trytofigureoutwhattheproblemis.2.________Ifyoutrytotalktoyourfriendwithoutknow

ingthesituationfirst,youcouldendupgettingintotrouble.Ifyourfriendistooupsettotalk,don’tpushthemforanexplanation.Juststaywiththemuntiltheycalmdown.Gi

veyourfriendahug.Akindtouchwilldowondersforyourfriend,evenifyoudon’tknowwhatthey’reupsetabout.Ifyourfrienddoesn’tlikehugs,don’tforceone.3.___

_____Saysomethinglike，“I’lljustsitherewithyou.”Encouragethemtoexpressthemselvesfully.4.________Payatt

entionanddon’tinterrupt.Duringpauses,youmightaddsomethinglike,“I’mlistening.”Keeptheconversationfocusedonyourfriend.Donot

talkaboutyourselfandyourownproblems,evenifyou’vefacedsimilarissuesasyourfriend.Derailing(偏离)theconversationwithastoryaboutyourselfwon’tsolveyourfrie

nd’sproblems.5.________A．Offeryourhelpimmediately.B．Justsitnearthemandkeepthemcompany.C．It’sfinetoofferadviceifyourfriendasksforit.D．Thisw

illhelpyouknowwhattosayandwhatnottosay.E．Itwilljustmakethemfeellikeyouaren’tlisteningtothem.F．Comfortyourfriendaccordingtohowupsetthey

seemtobe.G．Ifyourfriendneedstogettheirsadnessorangerout,letthemdoso.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍如何安慰朋友。1．F解析：此空

设于段首，是本段的主旨句。本段主要讲安慰朋友要依据他们的烦恼程度。2．D解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在指代关系，设空中This指的是前一句的内容：在开口安慰朋友之前要知道朋友的问题所在，这样才能帮助“你”了解什么该说和什么不该说。3．B解析：此空设于段中，承上启下。上文提到

在朋友不喜欢拥抱时，不要勉强，同时，根据下文的“I’lljustsitherewithyou.”也可推出。4．G解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在解释关系，本段旨在说鼓励朋友充分表达自己。设空对主旨句作进一步解释，说明当朋友想发泄自己的

悲伤或愤怒时，让他们这样做。5．E解析：此空设于段尾，与上文存在指代及因果关系，设空中的It指代上文提到的偏离谈话主题而谈论自己的故事这件事，这么做的结果是会让朋友感到“你”没有在倾听他们。