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【文档说明】专题12：阅读理解微技能之判断推理（解析版）-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测（新高考专用）.docx，共(25)页，92.138 KB，由envi的店铺上传
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►专题12阅读理解微技能之判断推理题【思维导图】【判断推理题微技能】1．细节推断题要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。考生只有把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可以判断正确答案。典题印证
Otherorganizationssuchasbanksaskcustomerstosignlongcontractstheymaynotreadorunderstand,butMillerbelievessoc
ialmediarequiresspecialattentionbecauseitissonew.“Westilldon’tknowhowsignificantthelong-termimpactisgoingtobeofunwisethingsthatkidsputonso
cialmediathatcomebackandbitethemin20years’time,”hesays.AndrewMillerthinkssocialmedianeedsmoreattentionthanbanksmainlybecause_______.A.t
heirusersconsistlargelyofkidsunder20yearsoldB.thelanguageintheircontractsisusuallyhardertounderstandC.theinformatio
ntheycollectedcouldbecomemorevaluableinfutureD.itremainsunknownhowusers’datawillbetakenadvantageof答案D[解析]推理判断题。根据段后一句“Westilldon’tknowho
wsignificantthelong-termimpactisgoingtobeofunwisethingsthatkidsputonsocialmediathatcomebackandbitethemin20years’time,”he考点精讲says.可知我
们现在还不知道所签署的这些长期的无意义的合同未来会给他们带来什么样的影响。也不知道未来人们会怎么利用这样的信息。故D项正确。2．文章来源或读者对象类推断题考生本身要具备一定的常识，把文章的内容与自己所具备的常识结合起来做出正确的判断。如要对报
纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等文章的语言特色，特别是其专用词汇有基本的了解，根据文章的语言特色和其专用词汇对号入座，快速选出最佳答案。典题印证EUmembers’stateshave
agreedtobanatoxicsubstancewidelyfoundinclothingbecauseitposesan“acceptablerisk”totheenvironment.Countriesvo
tedinfavorofextendingexistingrestrictionsonnonylphenolethoxylates(NPE)toimportsofclothingandothertextileproducts.Themeasurei
sintendedtoprotectspeciesinwater.UseofNPEintextilemanufactureinEuropewasbannedover10yearsagobutthesubstanceisstillreleasedintothewaterenviro
nmentthroughimportedtextilesbeingwashed............A2011studybyGreenpeacefoundNPEintwo-thirdsofclothestested,i
ncludingitemssoldbybig-namebrandssuchasAdidas,H&M,Lacoste,andRalphLauren.TheNGO(Non-GovernmentalOrganizations)arguedthatalthoughconcentrationsofNPE
foundintheclotheswerelow,thechemical’sexistenceintheenvironmentposedarisk...........Whichsectionofthewebsit
edoesthetextcomefrom?A.Lifestyle.B.Technology.C.Business.D.Environment.答案D[解析]推理判断题。这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了欧盟禁止在织物中使用一种对环境有害的物质NPE，这种物质在织物清洗时会释放到水中，影响水环
境，进而影响水中鱼类的生长。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的EUmembers'stateshaveagreedtobanatoxicsubstancewidelyfoundinclothingbecauseitposesan''ac
ceptablerisk''totheenvironment.(欧盟的成员国已经同意禁止一种广泛存在于服装中的有毒物质，因为它对环境构成了“可接受的风险”)可知，本文主要讲述了欧盟禁止在织物中使用一种对环境有害的物质NPE，这种物质在织物
清洗时会释放到水中，影响水环境，进而影响水中鱼类的生长。由此推测本文很有可能出现在网页的环境相关的板块。D.Environment.(环境)符合以上说法，故选D项。3．写作意图类推断题要求根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的
意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。判断文章的写作目的时一定要对文章主题有正确的把握，阅读时务必找准文章的主旨句，准确归纳
文章主题。典题印证Ifyouareafruitgrower—orwouldliketobecomeone—takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat’saround.It’scalledAppleDaybutinpracticeit’smorelikeA
ppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOctober21，butsinceithascaughton，eventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.
Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee，andoftentaste，awidevarietyofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDelicious
andRoyalGalainsupermarkets，itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence，suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRo
mans.Althoughitdoesn’ttasteofanythingspecial，it’sstillworthatry，asistheknobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat’sHeadwhichismoreofacuri
ositythananythingelse.Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette，butyo
u’llneedawarm，shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit，soit’sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.Attheevents，youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscussw
hichoneswillbestsuityourconditions，andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs，childrenarewellcateredforwithapplethemedfunandgames.Ap
pleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit,includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards．Ifyouwanttohavearea
lorchardexperience，tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwriti
ngthetext?A．Toshowhowtogrowapples.B．Tointroduceanapplefestival.C．Tohelppeopleselectapples.D．Topromoteappleresearch.答案B[解析]写作意图题。根据第一段
第一句“Ifyouareafruitgrower—orwouldliketobecomeone—takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat’saround.”和最后一段最后一句“Ifyouwanttohavearealor
chardexperience，tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale，nearFavershaminKent.”可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日——ApplyDay，并推荐人们参加这个节日。4．态度倾向类推断题考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人
物对某事物所持的观点或态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。该类型题目的选项一般含有以下三类词：(1)中性词：uninterested(不感兴趣的)，neutral(中立的)，indifferent(漠不关心的)等；(2)
褒义词：positive(积极的)，supportive(支持的)，humorous(滑稽的)，enthusiastic(热情的)，admiring(赞赏的)等；(3)贬义词：disgusted(厌恶的)，critical(批评的)，negat
ive(否定的，消极的)，disappointed(失望的)等。典题印证Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.Howev
er，nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence，duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultrespon
sibilities.Forpreviousgenerations，collegewasadecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededtocomefrompeopleofth
esameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades，however，continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily，thankstocellphones，emailandsocialmedi
a，haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefam
ilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility，universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.What’stheauth
or’sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?A．Sympathetic.B．Disapproving.C．Supportive.D．Neutral.答案B[解析]观点态度题。文章第
一段作者说现在的大学生没有承担起成人的责任，第二段作者分析了原因，指出由于父母的引导延伸到了大学导致学生自主能力的缺失。附注：英语阅读理解中表示作者态度的高频词汇1.positive肯定的,积极的2.passive被动的，消极的3.negative消极的4.supportive支持的5.di
sapproving不赞成的6.critical批评的7.conservative保守的8.suspicious可疑的，怀疑的9.puzzled/confused困惑的10.subjective主观的11
.objective客观的12.neutral中立的13.concerned关心的，有关的14.optimistic乐观的15.pessimistic悲观的16.indifferent漠不关心的17.unconcerned不关心的_____1．细节
推断题片段节选Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstoper
suadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearsto
begettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforye
ars,arenowrisingsharply.8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessa
ry.C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetrie
dawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们
在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开
车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。2．文章来源或读者对象类推断题片段节选GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLit
eratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformt
hemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)真题演练Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignm
ents(作业)duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningan
dcoursemanagementsystem.21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook.B.Anexampaper.C.Acourseplan.D.Anacademicarticle.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章标题
“GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature(文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays(60%)部分“Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformt
hemainpartofthegradeofforthiscourse(你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。3．写作意图类推断题片段节选WECOMBATANIMALDISEASESTOGETHER!We
wanttopreventseriousanimaldiseasessuchasfootandmouthdisease,classicalswinefeverandAfricanswinefeverfromspreadin
gtoFinland.Theseandotheranimaldiseasescanbetransmittedfromonecountrytoanotherbyanimalsorbymeatanddairyproductseveniftheyarepackedf
orpersonalconsumptionorintendedasgifts.Travelerslikeyouplayanimportantroleinpreventingthespreadofanimaldiseases.Don’tbringmeat,meatp
roducts,milkanddairyproductsfromnon-EUcountriestoFinland!Abanonpersonalimportsappliestomeatanddairyproductsbrought
intoFinlandbytravelersororderedandsentthroughthepost.Thebanappliestofoodstuffsintendedforpersonalconsumptionorasgiftsandtopetfood.Ifyouh
avefoodproductsofanimaloriginwithyou,throwtheminawastecontainerinthepointofentryorcontactCustoms!Whomis
thisnoticeintendedfor?A.FoodimportersinFinland.B.TravelerstoFinland.C.CitizensinEUcountries.D.Medicalstafffromnon-EU
countries.答案B[解析]写作意图类推断题。该应用文是芬兰食品管理局发出的一封共同抵御动物疾病，特别是非洲猪瘟的通知，并对人们进行了建议和指引。本题要求判断文章所面向的读者群体，这是一篇由政府官方管理机构发出的通知，综合全文，特别是第一段末尾
部分“…eveniftheyarepackedforpersonalconsumptionorintendedasgifts.Travelerslikeyouplayanimportantroleinpreventingthespreadofanimaldise
ases.”提到，即使你是私人肉制品消费或是把相关动物产品买来当礼物，也有传播动物疾病的风险，像你这样的（普通）旅行者在防控动物疾病传播中扮演了十分重要的角色，所以这篇文章是写给来芬兰旅游的人（traveler
s）看的，故选B。4．态度倾向类推断题片段节选Wealreadyhaveenoughfood,sowhycreatemorethatcouldbepotentiallyharmfultous,totheEarthandtoallwildlife?Ithi
nkthatthebenefitsareamazing,butuntilweknowforsurehowthesefoodswillaffectus,theyarenotworththerisk.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowa
rdsgeneticengineering?A.welcomingB.disapprovingC.unconcernedD.optimistic答案B[解析]态度推理判断题。文章最后一段结尾表明作者态度，即在没有充分了解GE食品对我们影响之前，作者觉得
没必要冒险。_____2022年6月新高考I卷D篇Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbein
gsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.”Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarie
tyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandcultural
evolution,“saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechs
ounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevol
utionofhumanbeings.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesi
ncetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofa好题必测complexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalc
hangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.（研究小组成员StevenMoran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进
化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，StevenMoran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。2022年6月新高考全国Ⅱ卷D篇Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,says
Levine’sfindingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermine
exactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.15.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?A.Makinguseofthefindings.B
.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.C.Conductingfurtherresearch.D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.【答案】C【解析】推理
判断题。根据最后一段的“Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemaketh
ebiggestdifference.(但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。2022年1月浙江卷C篇Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocu
mentedbutthere'sanewbonustoaddtotheever-growinglist.Newresearchfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenea
rly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementia（失智症）inlaterlife-andiftheydid，itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.LeadresearcherDr.HelenaHorder,of
theUniversityofGothenburginSweden,said:“Thesefindingsareexcitingbecauseit'spossiblethatimprovingpeople'scardiova
scular（心血管的）fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdevelopingdementia.”Forthestudy,191womenwith
anaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheyweretiredouttomeasuretheirpeak（最大值的）cardiovascularcapacity.Theaveragepeakworkloadwasmeasuredat103wat
ts.Atotalof40womenmetthecriteriaforahighfitnesslevelwithacapacityof120wattsorhigher.While92womenwereinthemediumf
itnesscategory;Atotalof59wereoflowfitnesslevel,withapeakworkloadof80wattsorless,orhavingtheirtestsstoppe
dbecauseofhealthproblems.Thesewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.Duringthattime,44ofthewomendevelopeddementi
a.Fivepercentofthehighlyfitwomendevelopeddementia,comparedto25percentofthewomenwithmediumfitnessand32percentofthewomenwithlowfitness."However,
thisstudydoesnotshowcauseandeffectbetweencardiovascularfitnessanddementia,itonlyshowsanassociation.saidHorder.Morere
searchisneededtoseeifimprovedfitnesscouldhaveapositiveeffectontheriskofdementiaandalsotolookatwhenduringalifetimeahighfitnes
slevelismostimportant."Shealsoadmittedthatarelativelysmallnumberofwomenwerestudied,allofwhomwerefromSweden,sotheresultsmig
htnotbeapplicabletoothergroups.WhatdoweknowaboutDrHorder'sstudy?A.Itaimedtofindacurefordementia.B.Datacollectionwasalengt
hyprocess.C.Someparticipantswithdrewfromit.D.Theresultswerefarfromsatisfactory.【解析】推断题。根据最后一段第一句以及最后一段
Moreresearchisneededtosee…可知数据的采集是漫长的。故选B.2021年6月新高考2卷B篇IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirstti
gercubsthathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedt
ogivethemround-the-clockcareathome.I'vegottwochildren—theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarriving-butallofusreall
ylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn'tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhomewithmywifea
ndkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelynorisk.Astheygrewmoremobile,wel
etthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dg
etuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.Thingsquick
lygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasg
ratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup“tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.WhenSpotan
dStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itw
ashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren'tthere.
I'mnotsadaboutit.I'mhands-onwiththemeverydayatthezoo,andIdolookbackveryfondlyonthetimethatwehadthem.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofraisingthetigercubsathome
?A.Boring.B.Tiring.C.Costly.D.Risky.【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.There
weresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.(由于需要大量的精力来照顾它们，事情很快变得非常紧张。有一段艰难的日子，我只是觉得非常累)”可推知，作者认为在家里养小老虎累人。故选B。2021年6月全国乙卷B篇Whenalmosteveryoneh
asamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座机）?Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoes
n'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecalls
anywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphones,
accordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecur
ityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.MorethanhalfofAustralianh
omesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor（因素）—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesn
owandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn'ttheonlyfactor;I'dsayit'salsotodowiththemakeupofyou
rhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephonerathert
hanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents
,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit).H
owattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?Whatcanbeinferredaboutth
elandlinefromthelastparagraph?A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D.Itisasimp
ortantasthegaslight.【解析】推理判断题。根据题干信息lastparagraph，定位到原文最后一段Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmor
ningmilkdeliveries?。分析可知，煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶服务都离我们现在的生活比较久远，它们基本已经消失了。作者发出疑问：多久以后座机会走上煤气路灯、早晨送牛奶服务的老路呢？因此可以推测，座机有一天也会消失。选项B中的falloutofuse意为开始不
用、渐渐废弃，符合文意。故选B。2021年6月浙江卷C篇Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoy
ed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy.
Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages（图像）ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryfac
e.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentest
edthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceorimagestotal
lydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmo
reoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduringt
rainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogssimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbusedonasimplecue,suchasthesightoftee
th,"saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesam
ethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes.""Withourstudy,we
thinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLiveScience.Atthispoint,itisn
otclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themos
tlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacial
expressions,”andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid
.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromparagraph2?A.Researcherstestedthedogsinrandomorder.B.Diversemethodswereadoptedduringtraining.C.
Picturesusedinthetwostagesweredifferent.D.Thedogswerephotographedbeforethetest.【解析】推断题。根据第二段第三句"Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodi
stinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceorimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining."可知，训练时和测试时使用的人脸照片
完全不同，故选C。2021年1月浙江卷C篇Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees（黑猩猩）usetocommunicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19speci
ficmessagestooneanotherwitha"vocabulary"of66gestures.ThescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexam
iningmorethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofinten
tionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwh
eretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember."That'swhat'ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,"shesaid."They'retheonlythingth
atlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect."Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationf
romanotheranimal'scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasa
significantdifferencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywisht
ocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:"Climbonme."Theyoungsterimmedi
atelyjumpsontoitsmother'sbackandtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies
（物种）outtherethatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat'snotuniquetohumans,"saidDrHobaiter.DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromth
eUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresul
tswere"alittledisappointing"."Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillm
issingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,"shesaid."Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimals
conveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains."WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?A.Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.B.Itwasagoodtrybutt
hefindingswerelimited.C.Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.D.Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.【解
析】推理判断题。根据题干的关键信息Dr.Shultz可以定位到原文的第6段，通过第6段的"praiseworthy"以及"alittledisappointing"可知Shultz教授认为这个研究是有价值的，但是还是有点令人失望，接着第7段Shultz继续阐述了其观点。再结合选项内容
，可以推断出B选项最符合原文的推断。故答案为B。2021年6月新高考I卷D篇Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional（情感的）intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisund
erstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest
,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand"peopleskills."Researchhasshownthatemotionals
killsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertode
scribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccura
telyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotional
lyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfar
aheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispop
ularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis（重视）onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocial
well-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowth
eyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethat
suchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advances
insciencewilloffernewperspectives（视角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopoi
ntusintherightdirection.2.Whydoestheauthormention"doctor"and"cheater"inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclar
ifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorabl
e.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.【解析】2推理判断题。根据题干信息的paragraph2，定位到第二段Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceas…；分析可知，我们更喜
欢把情商称作是一套特定的技能，它既可以用于好的目的，也可以用于坏的目的。而后作者便分别列举了doctor和cheater用于解释说明"好目的"和"坏目的"。由此我们可以推测，作者提及doctor和cheater是为了阐明前句所提到的关于情商的概念。故选B。3推理
判断题。根据题干信息popularizationofemotionalintelligence定位到第三段：Althoughpopularbeliefsregarding…theoveralleffectsofth
epublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.分析可知，虽然大众对于情商的普遍认知远远超过了目前研究可以支持的观点，但是宣传的总体效果（对于情商的发展研究）是利大于弊的。而后作者便进一步列举了好处体现在哪些方面（themostpositiv
easpectofthispopularization…）。可知，作者对此态度是正向的、支持的。故选A。2021年6月全国甲卷D篇Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforce
nturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgen
iusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremo
stoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,
andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopl
eofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelyt
hanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender（性别）are"really,reallysmart."Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbe
lief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare"really,reallysmart."Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersb
ecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithco
nstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseetha
tsocialfactorslikegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,pe
rseverance（毅力）,andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld."1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A.They're
unfair.B.They'reconservative.C.They'reobjective.D.They'restrict.2.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScie
nce?A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocia
lbeliefs.【解析】主旨概要：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了天才的实质，批评了天才种族轮和性别轮，并指出其危害。1.推理判断题。根据题干"victors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub"定位到第二段It'ssaidthat
historyiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeo
pleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而这些胜利者为天才俱乐部设定了准入标准。当俱乐部外的天才——女性、不同肤
色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们得不到认可，也会被其他人拒绝），据此可以推断出作者认为胜利者的标准是不公平的，所以选A项。2推理判断题。根据题干girlsfromthestudyinScience定位到第三段Astudyrecentlypublished
bySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender（性别）are"really,reallysma
rt."Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchi
ldrenwhoare"really,reallysmart."《科学》杂志最近发表的一项研究发现，在6岁时，女孩比男孩更不可能说出自己性别的成员，更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们的行为都是基于这样的信念：在六岁左右，她们开始避免从事那些所谓"非常聪明"的孩子们的活动）。据此可推知女孩有可能被
社会错误信念所影响，故选D项。_____1.【河南省九师联盟2022-2023学年高三开学考】Talkingtosomeoneonatrain,bus,orsubwaycanberiskyyetexciting,asyouneverknowwhenthey’regoingtogetoff
.Startingaconnectioncanbefunasthecostsarefairlylowandyoucaneasilystartandstopaconversation,orgetoffift
hingsbecomeawkward.____36____Makeeyecontact.Makingbriefeyecontactcanshowthepersonsthatyou’reinterestedandhelpyoujudgewhetherthe
yareinterestedinyou.Glanceatthepersonsandtrytoholdyourgaze(注视)forjustasecondortwo.____37____Iftheymeetyourgaze,it’slikelypositive.Ifth
eylookawayquicklyorappeardisinterested,it’sprobablybestnottoapproach.Smileatthepersons.Ifyou’vesuccessfullymettheirgaze,smileatthem._
___38____Iftheysmileback,you’relikelyinluckingettingthemtotalktoyou.Ifyouwanttostartaconversationwiththe
persons,smilingisagreatwaytogetsomebody’sattention.____39____Makeapointtoappearopen,comfortableandavail
able.Dothisbykeepingyourarmsuncrossed.Standorsitupstraightandshowgoodposture(姿势).Don’tcrossyourbodyorturnawayfro
mthepersons,asthesegesturescanmakeyouappearclosedoffordisinterested.Approachthepersonstostarttalkingtothem.____40____I
fyou’refaraway,movecloser.Youshouldbeacomfortabledistancewhereyoucanheareachotheryetnotfeelawkwardiftheconversationdoesn
’tworkout.A.Useopenbodylanguage.B.Mindyourmannerswhiletalking.C.Noticehowtheyrespondtoyourgaze.D.Don’tworrybecauseyoucanfollowsometipstha
tmakeyousmile.E.Onceyou’vereadthatthepersonsareinterestedinchatting,makeamove.F.Asmallbutsinceresmil
emakesyouappearinterested,friendlyandapproachable.题型组合练G.Therefore,trytogetsomeone’sattentionandstartaconversationbyfollowingthetips.【答案】
36.G37.C38.F39.A40.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述如何在火车、公共汽车或地铁上开始一段对话【36题详解】根据上文“Startingaconnectioncanbefunasthecostsarefairlylowandyoucanea
silystartandstopaconversation,orgetoffifthingsbecomeawkward.(开始一段关系是很有趣的，因为成本相当低，你可以很容易地开始和结束一段对话，或者如果事情变得尴尬就离开)”结合下文关于如何开始一段对
话的建议可知，空处内容应开启下文，指出开始和别人对话是有方可循的，G项“Therefore,trytogetsomeone’sattentionandstartaconversationbyfollowingthetips.(因此，试着引起别人的注意，按照下面的建议开始对话
)”符合文意。故选G项。【37题详解】根据前文“Glanceatthepersonsandtrytoholdyourgazeforjustasecondortwo.(看一眼对方，试着保持你的目光停留一两秒钟)”以及后文“Iftheymeetyourgaze,it’slikelypositive.(
如果他们与你目光相遇，那很可能是积极的)”可知，空处应是注意对方的回应，C项“关注他们对你的目光作何反应”符合题意。故选C项。【38题详解】根据后文“Iftheysmileback,you’relikelyinluckingettingthemt
otalktoyou.(如果他们也对你微笑，你很可能会幸运地让他们和你说话)”中的smileback可知，空处应该是你对他人微笑，F项“一个小而真诚的微笑会让你显得感兴趣、友好、平易近人”符合题意，smile为原词复现。故选F项。【39题详
解】空处为本段主旨句。根据后文“Dothisbykeepingyourarmsuncrossed.Standorsitupstraightandshowgoodposture.Don’tcrossyourbodyorturnaw
ayfromthepersons,asthesegesturescanmakeyouappearclosedoffordisinterested.(保持双臂不交叉。站或坐直，表现良好的姿势。不要越过你的身体或转身离开对方，因为这些动作会让你看起来封闭或不感
兴趣)”可知，本段主要讲与人交流时要用开放的身体姿势，所以A项“使用开放的肢体语言”符合。故选A项。【40题详解】根据前文“Approachthepersonstostarttalkingtothem.(接近这些
人，开始和他们交谈)”以及后文“Ifyou’refaraway,movecloser.(如果你离得很远，那就靠近点)”可知，如何这些人喜欢聊天的话，就可以和他们走得更近点。E项“一旦你得知对方对聊天感兴趣，就采取行动”符合题意。故选E项。2
.【湖北省高中名校联盟2023届新高三第一次联合测评】TherearemanysourcesofdebateonalongToadtrip,includingrouteselection,thechoiceofsnacks,and,probablymostimportantly,whattoPl
ayontheradio.Findingawayforallpartiestolistentotheirownaudiowithouttheneedforheadphoneshasbeenagoalofcarmakersfordecades,andscientistsmayh
avefinallymanagedit.AteamfromtheUniversityofLeMansinFrancecarefullypositionedmicrophones,speakersandfilters（过滤器）tocreatepersonalisedsoundzon
es(PSZs)insideacar,andthesmallregionsarewheresoundfromasetofspeakerscanbeheardclearly.Outsidethese,itca
nnotbeheard.Onebarrierwhichscientistshavepreviouslybeenunabletoovercomewastheimpactofmovingone’sseat.Theywereabl
etoformaPSZ,butunabletomoveittofollowapersoniftheymovedtheseatforwardsorbackwards.TheFrenchteamcreated
anewalgorithm(算法)specificallytotacklethisissue,whichhandlesthesoundwavestocreate“bright”and“dark”zonesinthecar.“Loudspeakersareplacedinthe
headrests,andspecificfiltersforeachtransducer(换能器)arecalculatedtoreproduceasoundsignalthatmaintainsgoodqualityinthezon
eunderconsiderationandisstronglyweakenedinotherzones.”saidDrLucasVindrola,theauthorofthestudy.“Thekeytothetechniqueworkingproperlyishavingsuff
icientmicrophonesplacedaroundthecartodetecthowmanypeopleareinthecarandwheretheyaresitting.Thepricetopayistohavecontrolmicrophonesinthep
assengersection,sothatthealgorithmcanwork.”However,thetechniqueisnotyetreadytobecommerciallyrolledoutasaluxuriousoptionalextrajustyet,asitcurrent
lyworksonlyforalimitedrangeoffrequencies.28.Whatwasonceachallengeforscientists?A.PSZscouldhardlybefo
rmed.B.Thesoundofmovingaseatisloud,C.Theycouldn’tcreatemovablePSZs.D.Theseatscouldn’tbemovedbackandforth.29.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabou
t?A.Howtheimpactofmovingone’sseatwasaddressed.B.Whyenoughmicrophonesareplacedaroundthecar.C.Whenthealgorithmcanworkwellforallpassengers
.D.Where“bright”and“dark”zonesarecreatedinthecar.30.Whatcanweinferaboutthenewtechnique?A.Itcurrentlyworkswithoutlimitation.B.Ithasbeenputin
tousecommercially.C.Itcanfunctionwellwithenoughmicrophones.D.Itiscostlytodetectthepositionofmicrophones.31.Whatisthemai
npurposeofthepassage?A.Tolaunchanewdebate.B.Totackleanoldproblem.C.Toadvertiseanalgorithm.D.Tointroduceanewtechnology.【答案】28.C
29.A30.D31.C【解析】大意：本文是科技说明文，文章是关于如何运用新技术让在车上的每个人都可以在不带耳机的情况下，听到自己喜欢听的音乐。28.C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的butunabletomoveittofollowape
rsoniftheymovedtheseatforwardsorbackwards可知PSZs没有办法随着座位移动而移动，因此选C。29.A。段落大意题。根据第四段第一句的中心句TheFrenchteamcreatedanewalgorithm(算法)specificallytotackle
thisissue可知，本段是要解决PSZs没有办法跟着移动的问题，采用新的算法以及放置足够多的麦克风来控制，因此选A。30.D。推理判断题。根据第四段的Thekeytothetechniqueworkingproperlyishavingenoughmicrophones
placedaroundthecar可知，算法的成功与否的关键取决于是否有足够多的麦克风放置在车中，故选D。31.C。主旨概括题。根据文章开头的Findingawayforallpartiestolistentotheirownaudio…andscientistsmayhav
efinallymanagedit可知，本文主要介绍科学家们运用新的技术让每个人都听到自己喜欢听的音乐，接下来第二段到第四段分别对怎么用新技术，碰到了哪些挑战以及怎么战胜挑战进行了描述，最后指出这项发明的局限性，故选C。3.【安徽省皖江名校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学摸底考】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheLabaFestival,alsosimplycalled“Laba”,fallsontheeighthdayofthe____41____(twelve)monthoft
heChineselunaryear,whichmonthispronouncedas“la”inChinese.Sinceitisinthelastlunarmonth,thefestival____42____(imply)sayinggoodbyet
otheoldandwelcomingthenew,andoftenregardedas____43____warm-upcelebrationfortheupcomingSpringFestival.T
hisfestivalmaydatebacktotheancientChinesecustomof____44____(sacrifice)offeringstotheancestors.Asforitsorigin,onestoryhasit____45____theMingemper
orZhuYuanzhangherded(放牧)thelandowner’scattlewhenhewasachild.Hewaslockedinasmallroom____46____oneofthecattl
ebrokeitslegandthelandownerdidn’tgivehimanyfoodforthreedays.Zhuwasstarvedtodeathandsearchedeverycorneroftheroom.Hefoundamouseholeand____47____(
dig)outsomebeans,grainandsomeotherfood,soheputthemtogether____48____(make)someporridge(粥)andfounditdelicious.Later,ZhuYuanzhangmadehimselfanemp
eror.Whenhethoughtofthedeliciousporridgeheateinthe____49____(child),heorderedhisservantstocooksweetpor
ridgeandsharedwiththetopofficials.Afterwards,theofficialslearnedtocooktheporridgethemselvesandintroducedittothecivilsociety._____5
0_____(gradual)eatingporridgebecameatraditionalcustom.【答案】41.twelfth42.implies43.a44.sacrificing45.that46.because#
#as47.dug48.tomake49.childhood50.Gradually【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是腊八节的典故。【41题详解】考查序数词。句意：腊八节，或简称“腊八”，在每年农历十二月初八，在中国，农历十二月
亦即腊月。结合语意，此处是指农历的第十二个月，所以应用序数词twelfth表示排序。故填twelfth。【42题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：因为腊八节在农历的最后一个月，所以寓意辞旧迎新，而且经常被视为是
即将到来的春节的“前奏”。此处是陈述一个一般事实，所以时态应为一般现在时。主语festival是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词imply也应用单数形式。故填implies。【43题详解】考查冠词。句意：因为腊八节在农历的最后一个月，所以寓意辞旧迎新，而且经常被视为是春节到来的“前奏
”。结合语意，此处泛指腊八节是春节前的一个“前奏”（“热身”节庆），且warm-up发音以辅音音素开头，所以此处应用冠词a修饰celebration。故填a。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：腊八节可能源于中国祭祀祖
先的古代习俗。of是介词，后面接动词时动词应用动名词形式。sacrifice的动名词形式为sacrificing。故填sacrificing。【45题详解】考查固定句型。句意：至于腊八节的典故，传说源于明朝皇帝朱元璋，他小时候放养地主家的牛。…have/hasitthat…是
固定句型，意为“据说，据传”。故填that。【46题详解】考查连词。句意：因为有头牛摔断了腿，所以他被锁进一个小房间里，而且地主三天没有给他任何食物。结合语意，有头牛摔断了腿是他被锁进小房间里的原因，所以此处应用连词because或as表原因。故填becau
se或as。【47题详解】考查动词时态。句意：他找到了一个老鼠洞，挖出了一些豆子、谷物和其他一些食物，于是他将这些食物一并放入煮粥，结果发现味道不错。结合语意，事情发生在过去，所以此处时态应为一般过去时，
谓语动词应用过去式，dig的过去式为dug。故填dug。【48题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他找到了一个老鼠洞，挖出了一些豆子、谷物和其他一些食物，于是他将这些食物一并放入煮粥，结果发现味道不错。分析句子结构可知，动词make和谓语动词put之间没有连词，
所以此处make应用非谓语形式。结合语意，此处make应用不定式tomake，充当目的状语。故填tomake。【49题详解】考查名词。句意：他想起了小时候喝过的粥很美味，于是他令下人煮甜粥，并分给高官一起享用。结合语意，此处是指“在小时候
”，应用inthechildhood表示。故填childhood。【50题详解】考查副词。句意：渐渐地，喝粥便成为了传统习俗。分析句子结构可知，此处应填副词Gradually，作状语，修饰整个句子。句首字母要大写。故填Graduall
y。
