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必修Book3Unit4SpaceExplorationB卷·综合能力提升练(时间：90分钟满分：120分)第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2023·上海

·模拟预测）Timehasalwaysbeenofgreatinteresttoscientist…Theory1:AccordingtoCaltechcosmologist(宇宙学家)DrSeanC

arroll,theflowoftimefrompasttofuturemaybethesymptomofourUniversehavingemergedfromanotheruniversethatexistedbeforetheBigBangandthe

ngavebirthtoourown.Theory2:In1967,twoAmericantheoristscameupwithanequationdescribingthequantum(量子)st

ateofthewholeUniverse.KnownastheWheeler-DeWittequation,itincludesmanykeyfeaturesoftheuniverse,suchasitssize.Butoneas

pectisabsent:time.Sometheoristsbelievethisimpliesthattimeonlyexistsinourminds.Theory3:AccordingtotheoristProfLeeSmolinatthePerime

terInstitute,Canada,theexistenceoflifeintheUniverseistheresultofthelawsofphysicsevolvingtotheircurrentstateoveranunlimitednumbe

rofpreviousuniverses.Iftrue,thismeansthatourveryexistenceisproofthattimedoesexist.Theory4:In2009,physicistsattheuniversit

iesofBristolandCambridgeshowedthatthepassingoftimerevealedby,say,thecoolingofacupoftea,maybeduetoquantumeffectcalled‘entanglement’.Thisi

nvolvestheparticles(粒子)intheteaminteractingwiththeirsurroundings,beingboundtogetherandbecominghardertodistinguishfro

meachother—aone-wayprocessthatrequirestheforwardprogressionoftimetooccur.Theory5:Darkenergy,themysteriousanti-gravitationalforc

ethatdrivestheexpansionoftheUniverse,maybelinkedtotheexistenceofthearrowoftime.Lastyear,twocosmologistsattheYerevanPhysi

csInstituteshowedthatdarkenergyleadstothegrowthofentropy,ameasureofdisorder,intheUniverse.1．Allthefivetheoriesimplythat_____.A．timeisflexibl

eB．timeisconstantC．timedoesgoforthandbackD．timedoesexistinsomeway2．Whichtheorydoesn’tincludetime?A．Theory1.B．Theory2.C．Theory3.

D．Theory4.3．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofdarkenergy?A．Itleadstotheexistenceofmulti-universities.B．Itiswha

tkeepstheuniverseinorder.C．Itincreasesinstrengthwithgravity.D．Itiswhatmakestheuniversegetbigger.【答案】1．D2．B3．D【导语】这

是一篇说明文，文章讲述了关于时间的五个理论。1．推理判断题。根据Theory1中“AccordingtoCaltechcosmologist(宇宙学家)DrSeanCarroll,theflowoft

imefrompasttofuturemaybethesymptomofourUniversehavingemergedfromanotheruniverse(根据加州理工大学宇宙学家肖恩·卡罗尔博士的说法，时间从过去到未来流动可能是我们的宇宙从另一个宇宙中出现的症状)”、Theory2

中“Sometheoristsbelievethisimpliesthattimeonlyexistsinourminds.(一些理论家认为，这意味着时间只存在于我们的头脑中)”、Theory3中“Iftrue,thismeansthatourveryexiste

nceisproofthattimedoesexist.(如果这是真的，这意味着我们的存在本身就是时间确实存在的证明)”、Theory4中“aone-wayprocessthatrequirestheforwardprogressionoftimetoo

ccur(这是一个单向的过程，需要时间向前推移才能发生)”以及Theory5中“Darkenergy,themysteriousanti-gravitationalforcethatdrivestheexpansi

onoftheUniverse,maybelinkedtotheexistenceofthearrowoftime.(暗能量，一种神秘的反引力，驱动着宇宙的膨胀，可能与时间箭头的存在有关)”可知，五个理论都暗示了时间以某种形式确实存在。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据Theory2中“

In1967,twoAmericantheoristscameupwithanequationdescribingthequantum(量子)stateofthewholeUniverse.KnownastheWheeler-DeWittequation,itincludesmanyk

eyfeaturesoftheuniverse,suchasitssize.Butoneaspectisabsent:time.(1967年，两位美国理论家提出了一个描述整个宇宙量子态的方程。它被称为Wheeler-DeWitt方程，包含了宇宙的许多关键特征，比如它的

大小。但有一个方面是缺失的：时间)”可知，理论2不包括时间。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据Theory5中“Darkenergy,themysteriousanti-gravitationalforcethatdrivestheexpansionoftheUn

iverse,maybelinkedtotheexistenceofthearrowoftime.(暗能量，一种神秘的反引力，驱动着宇宙的膨胀，可能与时间箭头的存在有关)”可知，暗能量驱动着宇宙的膨胀。故选D。B（2022春·甘肃金昌·高一永昌县第一高

级中学校考期中）LiZixuanisajuniormiddleschoolstudent.HeisnowstudyinginGrade9.Hehashadmanydreamssincehewaslittle.Butastimegoesby,somenewdre

amshaveappearedandsomeoldoneshavedisappeared.However,onlyonedreamisstillinhismind.LiZixuansaysthatwhenhewasachild,heheardaboutrocketsandspa

ceships.Atfirst,hedidn’tknowwhattheywere.Fromhisfather,heknewthatscientistsmaderocketstocarrythingsintospace,andspaceshipswe

reusedtocarrypeoplethroughspace.Fromthenon,hehashadarealinterestinspace.Everytimeheseesbeautifulstarsandthemooninthesky

atnight,hegetsveryexcited.Heisalwaysdreamingthathecanflytospacetolookattheearthoneday.Hismotherknowsabout

hisdreamandoftenencourageshim.Inschool,LiZixuanlearnedthatthefirstmanflewintospacein1961andlater,moreastronautssucceede

dintravelingintospace.Someastronautsevenlandedonthemoon.Histeacheralwaysencourageshimtolearnmore.Heknowsnotevery

onehasachancetotravelintospace.Moreimportantly,beforehecanflytospace,hemustbetrainedspecially.LiZixuank

nowsit’snoteasytoachievehisdream,buthedecidestotryhisbest.HesaysI’vehadthisdreamformanyyears.Ithasbroughtmealotofjoyandalwaysgiv

esmepower.Evenifitdoesn’tcometrueintheend,Iwon’tbesorry.”4．Whatdoestheboywanttobewhenhegrowsup?A．Ascientist.B．Ap

ilot.C．Anengineer.D．Anastronaut.5．Whotoldtheboysomethingaboutrocketsandspaceships?A．Hisfather.B．Hismother.C．Histeacher.D．Hisfriend.6．Whatmusttheb

oydobeforehecanflytospace?A．Studyveryhard.B．Getadrivinglicense.C．Doexerciseeveryday.D．Getsomespecialtraining.7．Wha

t’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．DreamsofaBoyB．TheLoveofaFatherC．AnExcellentHobbyD．AnUnusualExperience【答案】4．D5．A6．

D7．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个初中生的太空梦想。4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Heisalwaysdreamingthathecanflytospacetolookattheearthoneday.(他总是梦想有一天能飞到太空看地球

)”可知，这个男孩长大后想当宇航员。故选D。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fromhisfather,heknewthatscientistsmaderocketstocarrythingsintospace,andspaceshipswereusedtoc

arrypeoplethroughspace.(从他父亲那里，他知道科学家制造火箭是为了把东西送入太空，而宇宙飞船是用来载人穿越太空的)”可知，男孩的爸爸告诉他关于火箭和宇宙飞船的事情。故选A。6．细节

理解题。根据第三段中的“Moreimportantly,beforehecanflytospace,hemustbetrainedspecially.(更重要的是，在他能飞上太空之前，他必须接受专门的训练)”可知，飞入太空前他必须接受一些专门的训练。故选D。7．主旨大意题。根据第一段中

的“Butastimegoesby,somenewdreamshaveappearedandsomeoldoneshavedisappeared.However,onlyonedreamisstillinhismind.(但是随着时间的推移，一些新的梦想出现了，一些旧的已经

消失了。然而，只有一个梦想还在他的脑海里)”及第二段中的“Heisalwaysdreamingthathecanflytospacetolookattheearthoneday.(他总是梦想有一天能飞到太空看地球)”可知，文章主要讲述了一个男孩的太空梦想。由此可知

，A.DreamsofaBoy(一个男孩的梦想)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。C（2023届广西桂林崇左市高三上学期联合调研考试（一调）英语试题）NASAismakingpreparationstosendacrew

tothemoonwhowillexplorethelunarsurfacewiththehopeofconstructingastablehabitat.AlthoughtheAmericanspaceagencyfocusesonjust

sendingastronauts,othercompaniesarelookingfurtherintothefutureforwhenhumanswillcolonizethenaturalsatelli

te.ExpertsatMoney,acompanyforconsumercreditproducts,releasedthefirst-evermoonloanguidethatrevealslivingonthelunarsurfacewouldcost

$325,067amonth.“WiththeEarthbecomingincreasinglypopulatedandspacetechnologyadvancing,itwon’tbelongbeforelunarlivingbecomesthenewnormal,”readst

hestudy.TheteamfromMoneyusedvariousfactorstocalculatethecostofahouseonthemoon:rawmaterialsneededtobuildahouse,thespecialmaterialsn

eededtobuildonthemoon’satmosphere,astronautsrequiredtotraveltobuild,andtheaveragecostoftransportingmaterialstothemoon.Accordingtothemoonloanguide,th

efirstfullyfunctioninghouseonthemoonwouldbe$48,454,063,whichisahighpriceforahome.Thepriceincludesadd

inglife-savingdetailstohomessuchasairseals,industrial-strengthair-conditionersandheaters.“Generatingenergyisvitalwhenlivinginsuchextremecondi

tions,andthereforethecostofsomesuppliesmayforceyoutoconsidersomealternativeoptions.Themostefficientw

aytogenerateelectricityonthemoonistobuyasmallnuclearreactorcostingS1.3million,“Moneysharesinthestudy.“Alternatively,34solarpanelswouldge

nerateenoughelectricitytorunonehouseandcostonly$23,616incomparison.”Theguidealsorevealsthemostideallocationsonthemoon,with“SeaofRains”be

ingconsidered”theperfectfamilysuburb”—thisregionsitsatthenorthandisoneofthelargestimpactcratersintheSolarSystem.8．W

hat’sthepurposeofNASAsendingacrewtothemoon?A．Toencouragecompaniestoreleasemoonloan.B．Tocolonizethemoonalone.C．Toe

xplorethemoonfornaturalresources.D．Tobuildalastinglivingplaceonthemoon.9．Whichofthefollowingwasnotconsidered

whentheteamestimatedthecostofalunarhouse?A．Materialsneededtobuildahouseonthemoon.B．Thecostoflookingfo

rthemostideallocationonthemoon.C．Astronautsneededtotraveltobuildahouseonthemoon.D．Theaveragecostoftransportingmaterialstothemoon.10．Whatcan

weinferfromthestudy?A．Lunarlivingwon’ttakelongtobecomeareality.B．Thefirsthouseonthemoonwillbethemostexpensiveho

me.C．Youwilldefinitelybuyanuclearreactortogenerateelectricityonthemoon.D．Theperfectlocationonthemoon

forlivingisthelargestimpactcraterintheSolarSystem.11．What’sthetextmainlyabout?A．Thefirstloanguideaboutlivingonthemoon.B．Themoon-themostideallivin

gplaceforhumans.C．NASAwillsendastronautstothemoon.D．Livingonthemoonhasbecomepossible.【答案】8．D9．B10．A11．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。消费信贷产品公司Mo

ney的专家发布了首个月球贷款指南，该指南显示，在月球表面生活每月将花费325067美元。文章主要讲述了月球生活所需费用。8．细节理解题。根据第一段“NASAismakingpreparationstosendacr

ewtothemoonwhowillexplorethelunarsurfacewiththehopeofconstructingastablehabitat.(美国国家航空航天局正在准备向月球派遣宇航员

，他们将探索月球表面，希望建立一个稳定的栖息地)”可知，NASA送宇航员去月球的目的是希望在月球上建立一个稳定的居住地。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第三段“TheteamfromMoneyusedvariousfactorstocalculatethecostofahouse

onthemoon:rawmaterialsneededtobuildahouse,thespecialmaterialsneededtobuildonthemoon’satmosphere,astronautsrequiredtotraveltobuild,andtheavera

gecostoftransportingmaterialstothemoon.(来自Money的团队使用各种因素来计算在月球上建造房子的成本：建造房子所需的原材料，在月球大气层上建造所需的特殊材料，宇

航员需要旅行建造，以及将材料运输到月球的平均成本)”可知，当研究小组估计月球房屋的成本时，“在月球上寻找最理想地点的成本”没有被考虑。故选B。10．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句““WiththeEarthbecomingincreasinglypopulated

andspacetechnologyadvancing,itwon’tbelongbeforelunarlivingbecomesthenewnormal,”readsthestudy.(该研究称：“随着地球人口越来越多，太空技术

不断进步，用不了多久，月球生活就会成为新的常态。”)”可知，月球生活用不了多久就会成为现实。故选A。11．主旨大意题。根据第二段“ExpertsatMoney,acompanyforconsumercreditproduc

ts,releasedthefirst-evermoonloanguidethatrevealslivingonthelunarsurfacewouldcost$325,067amonth.(消费信贷产品公司Money的专家发布了首个月球贷款指南，该指南显示，在月球表面生活每

月将花费325067美元)”结合后文都在围绕这个信贷指南讲述月球生活费用以及其他内容。故这篇文章主要讲的是第一本关于在月球上生活的贷款指南。故选A。D（辽宁省大连市2022-2023学年高二上学期12月期末英语试题）AstronautsfloatingaroundEart

hmightsoonbeabletomaketheirowndelicious,creamybreakfast.ThisisthankstoAustralianhighschoolstudents.Theywanttoseeiftheastr

onautscanmakeyogurtinspace!SixstudentsfromHaileybury,ahighschoolinMelbourneareparticipatinginaprogramledbysomescientists.Theyplacedtheb

acteria(细菌)producingyogurtinaculture(培养菌)andpacked36containerswithfrozenmilkandthebacteria.Then,theysenttheco

ntainerstotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS),wheretheastronautsdefrostedthefrozeningredients.Thesestud

entsareworkingwiththescientiststostudyhowbacteriareacttomicrogravity,whichisonlyasmallpartofthegravityweexperienceonEarth.

Buthowexactlydobacteriamakeyogurt?Itallstartswiththebacteriathatliveinmilk.Thesebacteriaeatsomeofthesugarinmilkandcreateakindofaci

d,whichmakesthemilkthickandcreamy.Thisprocessisfermentation(发酵).Theastronautswillstudythesecontainerstoseehowyog

urtschangedependingonthetypeofmilk—eitherfullcreamcow’smilkorsoymilk.Theywillalsotestdifferentfermentationtime—ei

ther24,48or72hours.WhentheyogurtscomebacktoEarth,thestudentswillanalyzetheirnutrients.OneHaileyburystudent,ChiaraSgr

oisaidonegoaloftheexperimentistofigureoutwhichyogurtisthemostnutritious.“Wecanevengettotastethem,whichisprettyexciting,”saidSgroi.Oneday,w

emightbeabletosendastronautswithsomefrozenbacteriaandmilk.Wehopethattheycaneasilymakehealthfulyogurtinsp

ace.12．Whatwillthestudentsstudyintheprogram?A．Whatbacterianeedtosurvive.B．Howbacteriareacttomicrogravi

ty.C．Whethermicrogravityexistsinspace.D．Whyastronautscan’tmakeyogurtinspace.13．Whatdotheastronautsne

edtomakeyogurt?A．Bacteriaandcream.B．Milkandacid.C．Creamandsugar.D．Bacteriaandmilk.14．WhatmaymakeSgoriexcitedalot?A．TastingtheyogurtsmadeintheISS.

B．Makingthemostnutritiousspaceyogurts.C．Testingtheyogurtsindifferenttemperatures.D．StudyingthenutrientsoftheyogurtsintheISS.15．Whatmightbe

thebesttitleforthetext?A．StudentsObservetheChangeofYogurtinSpaceB．StudentsSendBacteriaintoSpacetoMakeYogurtC．S

tudentsFindaNewWaytoMakeHealthyYogurtD．StudentsMakeGoodYogurtforAstronautsinSpace【答案】12．B13．D14．A15．B【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了墨尔本黑利伯里高中的六名学生与国际空

间站的宇航员合作，通过在太空制作酸奶来研究细菌对微重力的反应。12．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thesestudentsareworkingwiththescientiststostudyhowbacteriareacttomic

rogravity,whichisonlyasmallpartofthegravityweexperienceonEarth.(这些学生正在与科学家合作，研究细菌对微重力的反应，微重力只是我们在地球上所经历的重力的一小部分。)”可知，在这个项目中，学

生将研究细菌对微重力的反应。故选B。13．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Theyplacedthebacteria(细菌)producingyogurtinaculture(培养菌)andpacked36containerswithfroz

enmilkandthebacteria.Then,theysentthecontainerstotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS),wheretheastronautsdefro

stedthefrozeningredients.(他们将产生酸奶的细菌放在培养皿中，并将冷冻牛奶和细菌装入36个容器。然后，他们将容器送到国际空间站（ISS），在那里宇航员将冷冻的成分解冻。)”可知，宇航员需要细菌和牛奶制作酸奶。故选D。14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“OneHail

eyburystudent,ChiaraSgroisaidonegoaloftheexperimentistofigureoutwhichyogurtisthemostnutritious.“Wecanevengettotastethem,whichis

prettyexciting,”saidSgroi.(黑利伯里的一名学生ChiaraSgroi说，实验的一个目标是找出哪种酸奶最有营养。斯格罗说:“我们甚至可以品尝它们，这非常令人兴奋。”)”可知，能够品尝在国

际航空站制作的酸奶让Sgroi非常兴奋。故选A。15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“SixstudentsfromHaileybury,ahighschoolinMelbourneareparticipatinginaprogramledbysomescientists.Theyplacedth

ebacteria(细菌)producingyogurtinaculture(培养菌)andpacked36containerswithfrozenmilkandthebacteria.Then,theysentthecontainerstotheInternational

SpaceStation(ISS),wheretheastronautsdefrostedthefrozeningredients.Thesestudentsareworkingwiththescientiststostudyhowbacteriareacttomi

crogravity,whichisonlyasmallpartofthegravityweexperienceonEarth.(来自墨尔本黑利伯里高中的六名学生正在参加一个由一些科学家领导的项目。他们将产生酸奶的细菌放在培养皿中，

并将冷冻牛奶和细菌装入36个容器。然后，他们将容器送到国际空间站（ISS），在那里宇航员将冷冻的成分解冻。这些学生正在与科学家合作，研究细菌对微重力的反应，微重力只是我们在地球上所经历的重力的一小部分。)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了墨尔本黑利

伯里高中的六名学生与国际空间站的宇航员合作，通过在太空制作酸奶研究细菌对微重力的反应，因此推断B项“学生们把细菌送入太空来制作酸奶”为最佳标题，故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选

出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2022春·浙江·高二校联考期中）Haveyoueverdreamedoftravelingtospace?Withmanydevelopmentsinspacetravel,you

maysoonbeabletobookaticket.TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)welcomedthefirstall-privateteamofastronautsonApril9.The

four-manteammadeaflighthailedbyNASAasamilestone(里程碑)incommercialspaceflight.____16____.Let’stakealook.FlymetothemoonJapanese

billionaireYusakuMaezawa,46,hasinvitedeightmembersofthepublictojoinhimforatriparoundthemoonwiththehelpofElonMusk’sSpa

ceXcompany.____17____.Finallyitwillspendthreedaysreturning.Inadditiontoitshistoricfirstasaprivatelunar(月球)mission,th

erocket’sflightpathmeansitwillgobeyondthedistancetraveledbytheUSApollomissions.Themission,calledDearMo

on,isscheduledfor2023.LivinginspacehotelInsteadofsqueezing(挤)intoaspacecabin(太空舱),howaboutenjoyingyourtimeinahotel?____18

____.Itisexpectedtohaverestaurants,cinemasandroomsforupto400guests.DevelopedbyaUScompany,thespacestationwillbealargecircu

lar(圆形的)structure.____19____.Itissimilartothegravityfoundonthesurfaceofthemoon.ShortspacetripWhilesomepeoplemayliketostayinspaceforalongtime,othe

rsmayprefertosimplyhaveataste.Ticketsfora90-minutejourneyhavebeenonsaletothepublicsinceFeb16.____20____

.Thecommercialtouristflightswithaprivatespacetourismcompanyarearrangedlaterthisyear.A．Theshortspacetriphasappealedtosomepe

ople.B．Itwillclimbtoreachtheedgeoftheatmosphere.C．Therearealsomanyotherspacetravelchoicesavailable.D．Itwillrot

ate(旋转)tocreateartificialgravity.E．Themissionwilltakethreedaystoflytothemoonandthenorbit.F．Theworld’sf

irstspacehotelisduetostartconstructionin2025.G．ThemissionwillenjoytheviewsofEarth.【答案】16．C17．E18．F19．D20．A【导语

】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述去太空旅行的事情。16．根据下文“Let’stakealook.”(让我们来看看)可知，下文提到一些去太空旅行的计划。选项C“还有许多其他的太空旅行可选择。”和下文意思一致。故选C。17．根据上文“Japanesebillion

aireYusakuMaezawa,46,hasinvitedeightmembersofthepublictojoinhimforatriparoundthemoonwiththehelpofElonMusk’sSpaceXcompany.”(现年46岁的日本亿万富翁前泽佑树邀请

了八名公众与他一起在埃隆·马斯克（ElonMusk）的SpaceX公司的帮助下进行月球之旅。)和下文“Finallyitwillspendthreedaysreturning.”(最后，它将花三天时间返回。)可知，中间要提到上月球的情况。选项E“这次任务将花三天时间飞向月球，然后进入

轨道。”和上下文意思一致。故选E。18．根据下文“Itisexpectedtohaverestaurants,cinemasandroomsforupto400guests.”(预计将有餐厅、电影院和最

多可容纳400名客人的房间。)可知，上文要提到在太空建立这些基础设施的问题。选项F“世界上第一家太空酒店将于2025年开工建设。”和下文意思一致。故选F。19．根据下文“Itissimilartothegravityfoundonthesurfaceofthemoon.”(它类似于月球表面

的重力。)可知，这里提到重力的问题。选项D“它将旋转来创造人造重力。”和下文意思一致。故选D。20．根据下文“Thecommercialtouristflightswithaprivatespacetourismcompanyarearrange

dlaterthisyear.”(与一家私人太空旅游公司合作的商业旅游航班将于今年晚些时候安排。)可知，上文要提到这些旅行已经吸引了很多游客报名。选项A“这项短暂的太空旅行吸引了一些人。”和下文意思一致。故选A。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅

读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2022春·江苏盐城·高二江苏省响水中学校考期中）Beinganastronautsoundscool,doesn’tit?Inspace,

theygettodosomeprettyamazingthings,like____21____inzerogravity.However,without____22____,therearealsop

lentyofthingsastronautscan’tdo,andthat’svery____23____.What’sworse,theycan’tevenlettheirsadnessshow—becau

seit’simpossibleto____24____inzerogravity.Ofcourse,astronautscanstillproducetears.Butcryingismuchmoredifficultinspace.Becauseoftheir____2

5____environment,tearsdon’tflowdownwardoutoftheeyes.This____26____thatwhenyoucryinspace,yourtearshavenowheretogo—theyjust____27

____there.InMay2011,astronautAndrewJ.Feustel____28____thisduringoneofhisspacewalks.Besidesmakingyour____29____unclear,thiscanalsoca

usephysicalpain.BackonEarth,tearsaresupposedtobring_____30_____totheeyes.Butthat’snotthecaseinspace.“Myrighteyeispainfu

llikecrazy,”Feusteltoldhisteammateduringthewalk.Sincegravitydoesn’tworkinspace,astronautsneedsomeextrahelptogetridof

thetears.Feustel_____31_____torub(擦)hiseyesagainsthishelmettowipethetearsaway.Anotherchoiceistojustwait.“Whenthetearsgetbigenoughthey_____32

_____breakfreeoftheeyeandfloataround,”astronautRonParisesaid.Inspace,astronautscan’teatordrinkin_____33_____ways.Norcantheytalktoeachotherdirect

ly.Theycan’tevenburp(打嗝),becausethereisnogravitytoholdthefood_____34_____intheirstomach.Iftheydoburp,theyjust___

__35_____throwingupeverythingintheirstomach.Thus,perhapsit’sonlyspaceexplorerswhocanhonestlysay,“Gravity

,you’rethebest.”21．A．leapingB．floatingC．eatingD．talking22．A．gravityB．doubtC．aidD．effort23．A．riskyB．lifelikeC．sadD．unfor

tunate24．A．foreseeB．viewC．prayD．cry25．A．dangerousB．extremeC．stableD．weightless26．A．expectsB．meansC．d

emandsD．shows27．A．meetB．developC．stayD．leave28．A．witnessedB．acknowledgedC．experiencedD．suffered29．A．mindB．visionC．s

enseD．idea30．A．peaceB．disasterC．stressD．comfort31．A．choseB．decidedC．stoppedD．hesitated32．A．fluentlyB．exactlyC．efficientlyD．simply33．A．regularB．normal

C．particularD．rational34．A．outB．offC．downD．up35．A．giveupB．endupC．putoffD．feellike【答案】21．B22．A23．C24．D25．D26．B27．C28．C29．B30．D31．A32．D33．

B34．C35．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在没有重力的情况下，字航员所面对的一些生理方面的问题。如在太空中哭泣要难得多。由于失重的环境，眼泪不会从眼睛里往下流。眼泪要么留在眼眶里让人视觉模糊，感觉非常痛苦，要么只能等待它自行飘散。在太空中，宇航员也不能正常饮

食。对他们来说，地心引力才是最棒的。21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在太空中，他们可以做一些非常神奇的事情，比如在失重状态下漂浮。A.leaping跳跃；B.floating漂浮；C.eating吃；D.talking谈话。根据上文“s

omeprettyamazingthings”及下文中“inzerogravity”可知，在太空可以在失重状态下漂浮，这是很神奇的。故选B。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有地心引力，也有很多宇

航员不能做的事情，这是非常可悲的。A.gravity地球引力；B.doubt怀疑；C.aid援助；D.effort努力。根据上文“like1inzerogravity.”和however可知，此处指没有地心引力。故选A。23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有地心

引力，也有很多宇航员不能做的事情，这是非常可悲的。A.risky危险的；B.lifelike逼真的；C.sad悲伤的；D.unfortunate不幸的。根据上文“However,without2,thereareals

oplentyofthingsastronautscan’tdo,”可知,在没有地心引力的情况下，字航员不能做很多事情，这是令人很伤感的。sad“让人难过的”，符合语境。下文中的sadness也是信息提示。故选C。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，他们甚至不能表现出他们

的悲伤——因为在失重状态下是不可能哭的。A.foresee预见；B.view观察；C.pray祈祷；D.cry哭泣。根据上文“lettheirsadnessshow”和下文中的关键词tears及crying可知，此处指他们不能哭泣。故选D。2

5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于失重的环境，眼泪不会从眼睛里往下流。A.dangerous危险的；B.extreme极端的；C.stable稳定的；D.weightless失重的。根据上文“inzero

gravity.”及常识可知，在太空中没有重力。weightless“失重的”，符合语境。故选D。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着当你在太空中哭泣时，你的眼泪无处可去——它们只能停留在眼眶里。A.expects预期；B.means意味着；C.deman

ds需求；D.shows展示。根据上文“tearsdon’tflowdownwardoutoftheeyes.”可知，太空中眼泪不会从眼睛里往下流，这意味着当你在太空中哭泣时，你的眼泪无处可去。故选B。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着当你在太空中哭泣时，你的眼泪无处可去——它们

只能停留在眼眶里。A.meet遇见；B.develop发展；C.stay停留；D.leave离开。根据上文“yourtearshavenowheretogo”可知，此处表示眼泪只会停留在眼眶里。故选C。28．考查动

词词义辨析。句意：2011年5月，宇航员AndrewJ.Feustel在一次太空行走中经历了这一过程。A.witnessed目击；B.acknowledged承认；C.experienced经历；D.suffered

遭受。根据下文“Myrighteyeis12likecrazy”可知2011年5月，宇航员AndrewJ.Feustel在太空中就经历过这样痛苦的事。experience“经历”，符合语境。故选C。29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除

了使你的视觉模糊，这也会导致身体疼痛。A.mind思维；B.vision视力；C.sense感觉；D.idea想法。根据上文“tearsdon’tflowdownwardoutoftheeyes”和“yourtearshav

enowheretogo”可知，在太空流泪时，眼泪会停留在眼眶中。由此可知，当眼中含泪时，视觉会模糊。故选B。30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在地球上，眼泪应该给眼睛带来舒适。A.peace和平；B.disaster灾难；C.stress压力；D.comfort舒适。根据上文“thisca

nalsocausephysicalpain”及下文“Butthat’snotthecaseinspace.”可知，此处表示两种情况的对比。结合常识可知，在地球上，流泪会让眼睛感觉舒适。故选D。31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Feustel选择在头盔上

擦眼睛来擦去眼泪。A.chose选择；B.decided决定；C.stopped停止；D.hesitated犹豫。根据下文中“Anotherchoiceistojustwait”中的choice可知，此处表示选择在头盔上擦眼睛来擦去眼泪。故选A。32．考查副词

词义辨析。句意：“当眼泪大到一定程度时，它们只是挣脱了眼睛，四处漂浮，”宇航员RonParise说。A.fluently流利地；B.exactly恰好地；C.efficiently有效地；D.simply仅仅。根据空后“breakfreeoftheeyeandfloataround”可知，此处应用

simply，表示强调,意为“仅仅,只不过”。故选D。33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在太空中，宇航员不能正常饮食。A.regular定期的；B.normal正常的；C.particular特别的；D.rational合理的。根据下文“Norcantheytalktoeachotherdire

ctly.Theycan’tevenburp(打嗝),becausethereisnogravitytoholdthefood14intheirstomach.”可知，此处指在太空中，宇航员不能以正常的方式吃或喝。normal“

正常的”。故选B。34．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至不能打嗝，因为没有重力把食物压在胃里。A.out从……里面出去；B.off离开；C.down往下；D.up向（较高位置）。根据上文“tearsdon’tflowdownwa

rdoutoftheeyes.”可知，与流眼泪相似，吃食物时太空中也没有重力把食物压在胃里。结合语境可知，此处应用down。故选C。35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果他们打嗝，他们只会把肚子里的东西都吐出来。A.giveup放弃；B.endup(

以……)结束；C.putoff推迟；D.feellike想。根据上文“Theycan’tevenburp(打嗝)”及下文“throwingupeverythingintheirstomach.”可知，此处表示打嗝造成的结果，endupdoings

th.“以……而告终”，符合语境。故选B。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)（2022·高一单元测试）Completethepassagewithwordsfromthetextandpayattentiontothe

ircorrectforms.Formostpeoplebeforethemid-20thcentury,itwasimpossibletotravelintospace.However,itwassomesci

entists’____36____tohelphumanstofulfilltheirdreamof____37____space.Withmanyexperimentsdone,theyhadrockets

madesuccessfully,whichcouldescapeEarth’s___38___.Thenon4October1957,theSputnik1satellitewaslaunchedbytheUSSRand___39___orbitedaroundEa

rth.Sometimeafterthat,theUSSR___40___onsendingpeopleintospace,andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointosp

ace.Overeightyearslater,on20July1969,American___41___NeilArmstrongsaid,“That’sonesmallstepforaman,onegiant___42___for

mankind.”whenhesteppedonthemoon.FollowingRussiaandtheUS,ChinawasthethirdcountrytosendhumansintospaceonitsownintheShenzho

u5___43___in2003whenYangLiweisuccessfully___44___Earth,whichwasamain_____45_____forChina.【答案】36．determination37．

exploring38．gravity39．successfullly40．focused41．astronaut42．leap43．spacecraft44．orbited45．achievement【

导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对太空的探索。36．考查名词。句意：然而，正是一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。名词所有格scientists’后接名词形式。结合句意，故填determination。37．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而

，正是一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。dreamofdoingsth.梦想做某事。结合句意，故填exploring。38．考查名词。句意：经过多次实验，他们成功地制造出了可以摆脱地球引力的火箭。名词所有格Earth’s后接名词形式。结合句意，故填gravity。39．考查名词。

句意：1957年10月4日，苏联发射了斯普特尼克1号卫星，并成功环绕地球运行。修饰动词orbited应用副词。结合句意，故填successfully。40．考查动词。句意：在那之后的一段时间，苏联专注于将人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界

上第一个进入太空的人。focuson专注于，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。结合句意，故填focused。41．考查名词。句意：八年后，1969年7月20日，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗说：“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步。

”形容词American后接名词形式。结合句意，故填astronaut。42．考查名词。句意：八年后，1969年7月20日，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗说：“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步。”形容词giant后接名词形式。根据数词one可知，用名词的单数形

式。结合句意，故填leap。43．考查名词。句意：继俄罗斯和美国之后，2003年，中国是第三个依靠神舟五号飞船将人类送入太空的国家，那时杨利伟成功绕地球飞行，这是中国的一个主要成就。定冠词the后接名词形式。结合句意，故

填spacecraft。44．考查动词。句意同上。根据时间状语in2003可知，用一般过去时。结合句意，故填orbited。45．考查名词。句意同8小题。形容词main后接名词形式。根据不定冠词a可知，

用名词的单数形式。结合句意，故填achievement。第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节应用文写作(满分15分)46．（2022春·山西·高三校联考阶段练习）假定你是校学生会主席李华，你校将举办以“中国航天”为主题的

绘画展。请你写一则书面通知征集作品。内容包括：1.绘画展的目的;2.作品要求;3.交稿地点及截止日期。参考词汇：航天aerospace注意：1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。NOTICE_________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________TheStudents’Union【答案】Onepossibleversion:NOTICETocelebratetheinspiringprogressChin

esespaceindustryhasmade,ourschooliscollectingpaintingsontherelevanttopic.Therefore,thethemeofthisexhilarationis“ChinaAerospace”.Allthestudents

inourschoolareexpectedtoparticipateintheactivity.Thecontentofthepaintingissupposedtoshowtheadvancesinourspaceindustry

,includingthespacestation,astronauts,spacecrafts,rockets,satellites,etc.AllthepaintingsshouldbesenttotheStudents’Unionbytheendoft

hisFriday.Lookingforwardtoyourparticipation!TheStudents’Union【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一则书面通知，征集以“中国航天”为主题的绘画展作品。【详解】1.词汇积

累因此：therefore→hence参加：participatein→takepartin进步：advance→progress相关的：relevant→related2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Allthestudentsinourschoo

lareexpectedtoparticipateintheactivity.拓展句：Allthestudentswhoarestudyinginourschoolareexpectedtoparticipateintheactivity.【点睛】【高分句型1】Tocelebratethei

nspiringprogressChinesespaceindustryhasmade,ourschooliscollectingpaintingsontherelevanttopic.（运用了不定式短语作目的状语）【高分句型2】Allthestudentsinourschoolar

eexpectedtoparticipateintheactivity.（运用了被动语态）第二节读后续写(满分25分)47．（2022秋·高一课时练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Thequilt

(被子)tookalotoftime.Butthemessagesonitweremeaningful.WhenIstartedmycurrentproject,Iwokeupeverydaywithnewidea

sandfreshenthusiasm.IreallybelievedintheimportanceofwhatIwantedtocreate,andIhadmyhusband,Claudio,tocheermeon.Butthen,thingshadgottenhard.Iinjuredm

yshoulderandmyrecoverywasslow.Inthemiddleofit,IlostClaudiotocancer.Iwasdiscouraged,lonely,andwithoutClaudio’scomfort.Facingdownthehalffini

shedquiltinmysewingroomonemorningsoonafterhisdeath,Icouldhardlygathertheenergytosewit.Thequiltwasmeanttobeawaytokeepmyoldnursingclasstogeth

er.We’dgraduatedfromMercyCollegeover40yearsbeforeandquicklyworkedalloverthecountry.Afterourlastanniversarypart

y,Itriedtofindwaysforeveryonetostayintouch,butnothingeverseemedtoworkout.IknewIneededtofindaconnectiontoshareata

distance.Ithoughtaboutaquilt.IgotintouchwithasmanyofmyoldclassmatesasIcould.Everyonewhowantedtojointheproje

ctwassentapieceoffabric(布料).Theycouldsignitorwriteapersonalmessage.OnceIgotthepiecesback,I’dsewthemintothefinishedpiece.Irubbedmypainfulshouldera

ndranmyhandovertheunfinishedquilt.Evenafterseveraloperations,movementinmyleftarmwaslimited.Therewasstillsomuchtodo.Ourclass’sf

orty-fifthanniversarypartywascomingupbutmyheartwasn’tinthisprojectanymore.WithClaudio’sencouragementI’dkeptatitdespitem

ypainfulshoulder.ButClaudiowasgonenow.Workingonthequiltwasimpossiblewithmyachesandpains.WhywasIeventrying?Icoveredup

mysewingmachineandleftthequiltasitwas.注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。WeekspassedbutIdidn’tsewathing.________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________Iarrivedatourforty-fifthanniversaryparty._____________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________【答案】WeekspassedbutIdidn’t

sewathing.IsawitoneafternoonwhenIwentintomysewingroom.Quiltingpiecescoveredthetable.Theywerefilledwithcolorfulmessagesfro

mmyoldclassmatesatMercyCollege.Ipickedoneup:“Mercysisters—friendsforever”Thehandwritingwasmessy,butthestatementwastrue.Icou

ldalmostimaginemyoldfriendsrightbesideme,whisperingwordsofhopeandlove.MaybeI’mnotasaloneasIthought.Suddenlymyprojectnolongerseemedsofrighte

ning.Notimetowaste.Iuncoveredmysewingmachineandgottowork.Iarrivedatourforty-fifthanniversaryparty.Iwasequippedwithpicturesofthefinishe

dquilt.Theladiescheeredasthephotoswentfromhandtohand,onedearfriendtoanother.Icouldn’twaitforthemtoholdtherealthin

g,forthemtobewrappedinthecomfortofoldfriends,justlikeIhadbeenwhenIneededitmost.【分析】文章讲述了作者想缝制一床被子，用来把曾经护理班

的同学们联系起来。起初，在丈夫的鼓励下，作者充满热情，但后来，作者的肩膀受伤，丈夫又因为癌症去世，这让作者失去了对缝制被子的热情。作者护理班的45周年纪念派对即将到来，但她的心已经不在缝制被子上了，再加上肩膀的疼痛，她认为缝制被子是不可能的。于是，她盖上缝纫机，把被子留在原处。【详解】

1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“几个星期过去了，但我什么也没缝。”可知，第一段可描写作者心态的变化，是什么让她再次燃起了对缝制被子的热情。②由第二段首句内容“我到达了我们的45周年纪念派对。”可知，第二段可描写当作者把被子成品的照片给老同学们看时，他们的反应及作者的感受。2

.续写线索：无心缝制被子——看到老同学的信息——再次燃起了热情——被子缝制成功——老同学看到被子成品的照片——老同学的反应——作者的感受3.词汇激活行为类①.走进，进入：gointo/walkinto②.充满……：befilledwith…/befullof…③.开始工作：g

ettowork/begintowork情绪类①.令人恐惧的：frightening/terrifying②.孤独的：alone/solitary【点睛】[高分句型1].IsawitoneafternoonwhenIwentintomysewingroom.（由when引导的时间状语从句）[高分句

型2].Theladiescheeredasthephotoswentfromhandtohand,onedearfriendtoanother.（由as引导的时间状语从句）