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“词汇达人”2023年高考英语阅读完形作文词汇宝专题04十年高考(2013-2022)阅读290个高频词背诵及单句填空123例教师版目录内容板块一分组背诵化整为零板块二单句填空活学活用板块三语篇训练学以致用板块一分组背诵化整为零第一组背诵版

1abnormal反常的,异常的;变态的2absorb吸收3academic学校的,学院的;学术性的4accessible容易取得的,容易达到的5accommodation住处(尤指短期使用的)6account账户;描述,报道;解释;说明7accurate精确的,准确的8acknowl

edge承认,供认9acquire获得,得到,养成10adaptable可适应的,可改编的11additional增加的,额外的,另外的12adjust(改变…以)适应;调整;校正13admiration钦佩

;赞赏14agency经销处,代理行;部,处15aggressive好争斗的,挑衅的,侵略性的16allowance津贴,补助,零用钱17alter改变,更改18alternative两者择一的,供替代的19amateur业余的,非职业的20ambition抱负,雄心,野心21an

alysis分析22analyze分析,分解,解释23ancestor祖先,祖宗24annoy打扰,干扰25annual每年的,年度的,一年一次的26apparently显然地27application申请,申请表,申请书28appointment约会,约定;

任命,委派29approval赞成,同意30architect建筑师,设计师31arouse唤醒;引起,激发32asaconsequence因而,结果33aspect方面;面貌,模样,神态34assess估价,估计;评

定，核定35asset资产，财产，有价值的人或物36assistance帮助,援助37associate(使)联合;结交,结伙38astronaut宇航员,太空人39ataloss不知所措40audience观众,听众;读者41au

thority权力,职权；官方,当局；权威42available可用的或可得到的43ban取缔,查封,禁止；禁止,禁令44barrier栅栏,障碍,隔阂45block街区,街段；大块；障碍(物)46breed生育;繁殖；饲养,培养4

7budget预算;政府预算案48bydesign故意地;蓄意地49calculate计算,估计50calorie卡路里,卡(热量单位)51campaign运动；战役52cautious小心的,谨慎的53channel海峡；通道;水沟,水渠54characteristics特有的,典型的5

5charity慈爱,仁慈;救济金56chase追捕,追逐57circulate(使)循环,(使)流通58circumstance环境,条件,情况59civilization文明,文化60clue线索,提示61column栏,专栏(文章)62combination联合体,组合物63commen

t评论,意见,解释,批评64commercial商业的,商务的65community社区,社会,团体；大众,公众66complaint抱怨,诉苦；投诉,控告67complicated结构复杂的68composer(

尤指古典音乐)作曲家69concentration专心,专注70concept概念;观念;想法71confess承认,供认72conflict冲突,抵触,争论73conscious神志清醒的74consequence结果,后果75considerable相当

大(或多)的76constantly不变地,经常地,坚持不懈地77consume消耗,消费,耗尽78convince使相信;使明白79cooperation合作80count有价值,有重要意义;认为,看作81cover涉及,包含;控制,支配82crash(使)猛撞,(使)

撞毁83creativity创造力,创造84credit借款;贷款85criminal刑事的,犯罪的86data资料,材料87decline下降,减少,衰退88decoration装饰,装潢89defend辩护;辩解90defi

ne精确地解释;界定91deliver递送,交付92demonstrate论证,证明93description描述,形容94desert舍弃,遗弃95deserve应受,应得,值得96desirable可取的,值得拥有的,合意的97destructive破坏性的,毁灭性的98device

装置,设备,器具99discipline训练,训导;处罚,惩罚100dismiss使退去;解散第二组背诵版101distinction区别,明显差别,特征102distribute散发;散播;分布103d

ocument公文,文件,文献104domestic国内的;家用的;驯养的105drought干旱(时期)106ecosystem生态系统107efficient有能力的,效率高的108element要素;基础,纲要,原理109embarrass(使

)窘迫;(使)局促不安110emergency紧急情况,非常时刻111emotion情感,感情,激情112emphasis强调,重点113endure忍受,忍耐,容忍114enrich使富有,使富裕115entertain

款待,招待116enthusiastic满腔热情的,极感兴趣的117entirely全部地,整体地118essential必不可少的,绝对必要的119establish建立,成立120estimate估计,估价121evaluation估价,评价,赋值122e

vaporate(使某物)蒸发掉123eventually终于,最后124evidence证词;证据;迹象125exception例外126exhausted疲倦地127expense消耗,花费128

explore勘查,探测,勘探129export出口,输出130extent长度,面积,范围131extinguish使熄灭,扑灭132extremely极端;极其;非常133facial面孔的;面部用的134facility设备,设施135factor因素,要素1

36fasten系紧,拴牢137figure数字；图表;图案；画像,肖像138finance财政,金融139flexible灵活的,可变通的；柔韧的140frame框架141funeral葬礼,丧礼142garage车库；汽车修理站;加油站143grateful感激的,感谢的

144guarantee保证;担保145guilty内疚的146habitat(动物的)栖息地,住处147handle处理,应付,对待；手柄,把手148hesitate犹豫;踌躇149historian历史学家,史学工作者150hospitalit

y殷勤,好客151identity身份152ignore不顾,不理,忽视153illegal不合法的,违法的154illustration插图,图案；例证,实例155imitate模仿156immigrant移民157i

mplication含义,暗示,暗指，卷入,牵连158incredible不能相信的,不可信的159independent独立的,自主的,自立的160indicate标示,指示,指出161inhabit居住于,栖居于162ins

piration灵感；鼓舞人心的人[事物]163instructive有益的,供给知识的,教育的164instructor指导者,教师165insurance保险166intelligent聪明的;理解力强的167interact相互作用[影响],互相配合168

interactive一起活动或互相合作的169interfere干预;调停；妨碍170invaluable无法估计的,非常宝贵的171invest投资;花费172investigator调查者;审查者173involve使参与,牵涉174isolation隔离,与世隔绝175kinde

rgarten幼儿园176landscape风景,景色177layer层,层次178license批准,许可,颁发执照179maintain保持;继续；坚持;主张180manufacturer制造商,制造厂181mathematical数学的,数学上的；精确的182maximum最大

值的,最大量的183meanwhile同时;其间184memorize记住,熟记185mental精神的,头脑的,心理的186merely仅仅,只不过187migrate迁移;移往188motivate作为…的动机;激发;诱发189negative消极的,非建设性的190negl

ect疏忽;忽略;遗漏191nevertheless仍然,然而,不过192objective客观的;不带偏见的193occasional偶尔的,不经常的194optimistic乐观的,乐观主义的195original起初的;原来的196overcome战胜;克服197overw

helming势不可挡的,巨大的198panic恐慌,惊慌,慌乱199participant参加者,参与者200passive被动的;消极的;不抵抗的第三组背诵版201peculiar奇怪的,异常的202permanent永久

(性)的,固定的203persuasive能说服的;善于游说的204physically身体上地；健康地205potential潜在的,有可能的206preserve保护207privacy私事,隐私208profit利润,收

益,赢利209prohibit禁止;阻止210promote提升,提拔211prosperity兴旺,繁荣212psychologist心理学研究者;心理学家213purchase购买214rarely不常,很少地,难得地215reaction反应;回应216realistic现

实的,现实主义的217recognition认识;认出;承认218register记录;登记;注册219relatively相关地220release发布;发行;发售221relevant有关的,切题的222reliable可

靠的,可信赖的223remark话语,评论224reputation名气,名声,名誉225rescue营救,救援226reservation预订；保留意见;保留态度227resist抵抗;对抗228resolve决定;决心229res

ume履历230rhythm节奏,韵律231schedule时间表,日程安排表；清单232scholarship奖学金233scratch抓,搔234security安全235sensitive易受影响的;敏感的236shorten弄短,缩短237signal信号,暗号238signifi

cant重要的,重大的,可观的239slightly轻微地,微不足道地240smoothly顺利地、光滑地241source发源地、出处242specialize专门从事,专攻243species物种,种24

4specific明确的,确切的,详尽的245splendid壮丽的;辉煌的246standard标准,水准,规范247state陈述;叙述248statistics数据249status情形,状况250stimu

late刺激;激励251sting螫伤;刺伤252strategy战略,策略253strengthen加强,巩固254stretch伸展;拉紧255studio播音室;录音室256substitute代替,替换,代用257supervisor监

督者,管理者258survey眺望;纵览259survive幸存,活下来260suspect怀疑;不信任261suspicious猜疑的,疑心的262symbol象征,标志263sympathize同情,支持264symptom症状；征兆265talkative健谈的;多嘴的;喜欢说话的2

66tame驯服的,温顺的267temporary临时的,暂时的,短时间的268tendency倾向,趋势269threaten恐吓,威胁270timely适时的;合时宜的271tolerance宽容,容忍272trafficjam塞车

,交通拥塞273tragedy惨事,灾难274trap困住,使陷入绝境275tuition学费276unbearable难以忍受的;不能忍受的277unconscious失去知觉的278uniform制服279unique独一无二的,仅有的,惟一的280universal广泛的

,普遍的281update更新;使现代化282vary(使)变化,改变283vehicle交通工具,车辆284victim牺牲者,受害者,受灾者285vital极重要的,必不可少的286vitamin维生素287volcano火

山288volunteer自动提供,自愿效劳289welfare健康,幸福,繁荣，福利290withdraw取[收]回，(使)撤退[出]板块二单句填空活学活用【专家原创】单句填空123例阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当

的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Youbecamesodeeply__________(absorb)inanactivitythatyoulosttrackoftime.2.Bothsaytheyw

anttowriteliterarybooksthatare__________(access)toageneralaudience.3.Everycarehasbeentakentoensurethe__________(accurate)ofallinformationgivenin

thisleaflet.4.Parentsaremorewilling__________(acknowledge)theirchildrenasadultswhentheybehavelikeadults.5.Olderworkerscanbeas_______

___(adapt)andquicktolearnasanyoneelse.6.Shewonthe__________(admire)ofmanypeopleinherbattleagainstcancer.7.I'mafraidIhavenoalternativebut__

________(report)youtothepolice.8.Heissodeepindebtanddesperateformoneythathe's__________(apparent)willingtosa

yanything.9.Theprojecthasnowreceived__________(approve)fromthegovernment.10.Thecharityaimstoprovide__________(assist)topeopleinneed.11.Peopl

eareoften__________alosswhenconfrontedwithanumberofchoices.12.Storesshould__________(ban)fromsellingalcoholicdrinkstoteenagers.13.Thesatelliteenable

sus__________(calculate)theirpreciselocationanywhereintheworld.14.Theconditionpreventsthebloodfrom__________(ci

rculate)freely.15.Histreatmentwasa__________(combine)ofsurgery,radiationanddrugs.16.Youcannotaffordtorelaxyour__________(conc

entrate)foramoment.17.Childrenvary__________(considerable)intherateatwhichtheylearntheselessons.18.Wewillwinthecontestifwecantapintoour

__________(creative).19.Hebecame__________(convince)oftheneedforcheapeditionsofgoodqualitywriting.20.Thenumberofstaff__________(decline)fro

m217,000to114,000since2021.21.Allourofficersaretrained__________(defend)themselvesagainstknifeattacks.22.Theterm‘men

talillness’isdifficult__________(define).23.Itisimpossible__________(deliver)thisletterbecausetheaddressisillegible.24.Theyare

anxious__________(demonstrate)tothevotersthattheyhavepracticalpolicies.25.The__________(describe)whi

chhehadbeengivenwasbriefandtothepoint.26.Hedeserves__________(lock)upforeverforwhathedid.27.Undersuchcondi

tions,the__________(destroy)effectsofbacteriaarediminished.28.Alcoholcanalsodamagetheliveranddogreatharmif__________(consume)inlarge

quantities.29.He__________(discipline)atschoollastweekfortalkingbacktotheteacher.30.HewassoirresponsiblethatIdecided__________(dismiss)him.31.Wedidn

'tunderstandhowdifficultitwas__________(distribute)anationalpaper.32.Thereareobvious__________(distinction)betweenthet

wowine-makingareas.33.Theybelievedthatthegreaterthediversitythe__________(stable)theecosystem.34.Iwasimpressedbythe__________(efficient)withwhichshe

handledthecrisis.35.Theexchangeofprisonersofwarwasoneofthekey__________(element)oftheUN'speaceplan.36.Yourescuedmefroman__________(

embarrass)situation.37.Thegovernmenthasdeclaredastateof__________(emergent)followingtheearthquake.38.Untilrecently,theemphasisin

dambuildingwas_________theeconomicbenefits.39.Manyvolunteerschoosetohurtthemselvesratherthanendure__________(bore).40.It'sofsignifica

ntimportanceforus__________(enrich)ourlifewithhabits.41.Barbecuesareafavouritewayof__________(entertai

n)friends42.Itwasthiscampaignthat__________(establish)thepaper'sreputation.43.Itishard__________(estimate)howman

ychildrensufferfromdyslexia.44.Thereis__________(convince)evidenceofalinkbetweenexposuretosunandskincancer.45.Mostofthebuildingsinthetownaremodern,

butthechurchisan__________(except).46.Ittookthemabout50minutes__________(extinguish)thefire.47.Housesintheneig

hbourhoodofParisare__________(extreme)expensive.48.Theyfoundthatevery__________(face)expressionisconnectedtoacertaincolor.49.

He__________(fasten)uphiscoatandhurriedout.50.Sheisstill__________(finance)dependentonherparents.51.Iam

extremelygrateful__________alltheteachers_________theirhelp.52.Weguarantee__________(refund)yourmoneyifyou'renotdelig

htedwithyourpurchase.53.She'sverygoodat__________(handle)herpatients.54.Pleasedonothesitate__________(contact)meifyouhaveanyqueries.55.Imadeas

uggestionbuttheychose__________(ignore)it.56.Two__________(dependent)researchbodiesreachedthesameconclusions.57.Aredskyatnightoften__________

(indicate)fineweatherthenextday.58.Dreamscanbearichsourceof__________(inspire)foranartist.59.It's__________(legal)

todrivethrougharedlight.60.Shehashadanumberofdifferentjobs,rangingfromcheftoswimming__________(instruct).61.Theonlineclassroomprovidesaninnovativea

nd__________(interact)interactivelearningenvironment.62.Iwishmymotherwouldstop__________(interfere)interferingandletmemak

emyowndecisions.63.Don'tyouthinkit'sabouttimeyou__________(invest)investedinanewcoat?64.Therewasaseriousin

cident__________(involve)involvingagroupofyouths.65.__________(maintain)Tomaintainherweight,shesimplychoosesfruitsandvegetablesoverfatsandsweets.66

.__________(manufacture)Manufacturersareworkingonanewgenerationofcheaperdigitalradios.67.Underplanninglaw__________themaximumheightforafenceorhed

geis6feet.68.Hestudiedhismap,trying__________(memorize)tomemorizethewaytoRose'sstreet.69.Youmaybephysicallyand__________(mental)mentallyexhaus

tedafteralongflight.70.Hesaidnothing,__________(mere)merelysmiledandwatchedher.71.Thousandswereforced__________(migrate)fromruraltourbanareasinsearch

ofwork.72.HespentfiveyearsinParis,with__________(occasion)visitstoItaly.73.Itisoneofthemost__________(origin)worksofimaginationinthelangua

ge.74.Theresidentsweretryingtoescapefromthefirebut__________(overcome)bysmoke.75.I__________(panic)whenIsawsmokecomingoutoftheengine.76.40ofthecours

e__________(participant)areofferedemploymentwiththecompany.77.Animmigrantisapersonwhocomestolive__________(permanent)inaforeigncountry.

78.Theintroductiontoa__________(persuade)speechisveryimportant.79.Thesocietywassetup__________(preserve)endangeredspeciesfromextinction.80.Youdon't

havetosacrificeenvironmentalprotection__________(promote)economicgrowth.81.Theequipmentcan__________(purchase)fromyourlocalsupplier

.82.__________(rare)hasadebateattractedsomuchmediaattention.83.Thetownhaschangedbeyond__________(recognize)sinceIwaslasthere.84.______

____(register)acarinJapan,theownermusthavesomewheretoparkit.85.__________(relative)speaking,thesejobsprovidegoods

alaries.86.Firefighterstooktwohours__________(release)thedriverfromthecar.87.Wearelookingforsomeonewhois_

_________(rely)andhard-working.88.Firefightersburstthedooropenand__________(rescue)them.89.Hewenttothedesktoinquireandmakea__________(reserve).

90.Theyaredetermined__________(resist)pressuretochangethelaw.91.Wemustfindaway__________(resolve)theseproblemsbeforeit'stoolate.92.We'llbestop

pinghereforlongerthan__________(schedule).93.Theyarenowunderagreatdealofpressure__________(tighten)t

heirairportsecurity.94.Theclassroomteachermustbesensitive__________achild'sneeds.95.Herfatherpaid$5,000foranoperation________

__(shorten)hernose.96.Weoverlookallsortsofwarning__________(signal)aboutourownhealth.97.Hisfamilythenmovedtoa__________(slight)largerho

use.98.Everythingiscleartoherandthingsgo__________(smooth)then.99.Mostofthestaffspecialize__________thecareofc

hildren.100.Thearticlecanbeused__________(stimulate)discussionamongstudents.101.Toimprovethequalityoflifethroughwork,twocomplementary_____

_____(strategy)arenecessary.102.Theexercisesaredesigned__________(strengthen)yourstomachmuscles.103.I__________(stretch)outahandandpickedupth

ebook.104.Thecourseteachesyouthetheorybutthere'snosubstitute__________practicalexperience.105.Allofuswillstrugg

lefairlyhard__________(survive)ifweareindanger.106.Whitehasalwaysbeen__________symbolofpurityinWesterncultures.107.Thepublicshould

beonthelookoutfor__________(symptom)ofthedisease.108.Ihavea__________(tend)totalktoomuchwhenI'mnervous.109.

Hetiedherupand__________(threaten)herwithasix-inchknife.110.Shehadno__________(tolerant)forjokesofanykind.111.I__________(catch

)inatrafficjamforoveranhour,otherwiseIwouldhavenotkeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.112.Cantheworldbecomeso__________(bear)tosomeoneafteryearsoflonelin

ess?113.Hewas__________(conscious)andasIlookedathisface,somethingoccurredtome.114.Thepreviewoffers__________uniqu

eopportunitytoseetheshowwithoutthecrowds.115.Itis__________(universal)acknowledgedthatit'sverydifficulttoshakeoffbadhabits.116.Hewasbacki

ntheoffice,__________(update)theworkscheduleonthecomputer.117.Thecostofthealcoholduty__________(vary)accordingtotheamountofwineinthebot

tle.118.Becarefulnottofallvictim__________onlinebankingfraud.119.Readingis__________vitalimportanceinlanguagelearning.120.Fru

itisaconvenientsourceof__________(vitamin)andenergy.121.Thevolcano__________(erupt)lastyearkillingabou

t600people.122.WhatIwantnowistwo__________(volunteer)tocomedowntothefront.123.Hereachedintohispocketand_______

___(withdraw)asheetofnotepaper.【专家原创】单句填空123例答案1.absorbed2.accessible3.accuracy4.toacknowledge5.adaptable6.admiration7.toreport8.

apparently9.approval10.assistance11.at12.bebanned13.tocalculate14.circulating15.combination16.concentr

ation17.considerably18.creativity19.convinced20.hasdeclined21.todefend22.todefine23.todeliver24.todemonstrate.25.description26.

locking/tobelocked27.destructive28.consumed29.wasdisciplined30.todismiss31.todistribute32.distinctions33.morestable34.efficiency35.elemen

ts36.embarrassing37.emergency38.on/upon39.boredom40.toenrich41.entertaining42.established43.toestimate44.c

onvincing45.exception46.toextinguish47.extremely48.facial49.fastened50.financially51.to,for52.torefund53.handling54.tocontact55.toignore56.indepen

dent57.indicates58.inspiration59.illegal60.instructor61.interactive62.interfering63.invested/shouldinvest64.involving65.Tomaintain66

.Manufacturers67.the68.tomemorize69.mentally70.merely71.tomigrate72.occasional73.original74.were75.panicked76.participa

nts77.permanently78.persuasive79.topreserve80.topromote81.bepurchased82.Rarely83.recognition84.Toregister85.Relativel

y86.torelease87.reliable88.rescued89.reservation90.toresist91.toresolve92.scheduled.93.totighten94.to95.toshorten96.signals97.s

lightly98.smoothly99.in100.tostimulate101.strategies102.tostrengthen103.stretched104.for105.tosurvive106.a107.symptoms108.tendency109.

threatened110.tolerance111.wascaught112.unbearable113.unconscious114.a115.universally116.updating117.varies118.to119.of120.vitamins121.eru

pted122.volunteers123.withdrew板块三语篇训练学以致用第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、

C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAnewversionofastudentloanforgivenessapplicationwillbeofficiallylaunchedbytheEducationDepartmentlaterthismonth.Itistocancelupt

o$10,000indebtforthoseearninglessthan$125,000peryearandupto$20,000forthosewhoreceivedPellGrants.Itwillnotforgiveanystudentloandebtunderthedeb

treliefplanpriortoOctober23,2022.Howlongtheapplicationwillbeup:Thedepartmentisofferingperiodicaccesstothefor

m—soborrowersmayhavetorefreshthesitepageorkeepcheckingback.TheapplicationwillbeavailablethroughDec.31,2023Whattheappli

cationasksfor:Itrequiresonlybasicinformation,includingname,birthdate,SocialSecuritynumber,phonenumberandane-maila

ddress.Borrowerswillnotneedwhat’sknownasanFSAIDtologintotheapplication,norwilltheyneedtouploadanydocuments,includingtaxrecords.Willb

orrowersneedtoprovetheymeettheplan’sincomerequirements?Insteadofprovidingdocumentsthatconfirmyou,asanindividual,earned$125,000i

n2020or2021or,asacouple,lessthan$250,000,theapplicationsimplyasksborrowerstocheckaboxtoguaranteeunderthelawsthatallinformationprovidedonthi

sformistrueandcorrect.Howlongwillittaketoprocesseachapplication?Amatterofweeks.Thedepartmentwantstorelieveasmanydebtsaspossiblebeforestudent

loanpaymentsrestartinJanuary.21.Whatistheaimofthestudentloanforgivenessapplication?A.ToadvocatePellGrant.B.Togivestudentsareward.C.Toinc

reasefamilyincomes.D.Toeasethedebtburden.22.Whatisamustforapplicants?A.Submittingapaperform.B.Uploadingthetaxrecords.C

.Providingtrueinformation.D.PayingofftheloanbeforeJanuary.23.Whatisthetext?A.Anadvertisement.B.Aloanhandbook

.C.Anofficialreport.D.Adepartmentworkplan.【答案】21.D22.C23.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了新版学生贷款减免申请相关事项。【21题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段“AnewversionofastudentloanforgivenessapplicationwillbeofficiallylaunchedbytheEducationDepartmentlaterthismonth.Itisto

cancelupto$10,000indebtforthoseearninglessthan$125,000peryearandupto$20,000forthosewhoreceivedPellGrants.(教育部将于本

月晚些时候正式推出新版学生贷款减免申请。对于年收入低于12.5万美元的学生，将取消高达1万美元的债务;对于获得佩尔助学金的学生，将取消高达2万美元的债务)”以及最后一段“Thedepartmentwantstorelieveasmanydebt

saspossiblebeforestudentloanpaymentsrestartinJanuary.(该部门希望在1月份重新开始偿还学生贷款之前，尽可能多地减轻债务)”可推知，学生贷款减免申请的目的是减轻债务负担。故选D项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三

段中的“Itrequiresonlybasicinformation,includingname,birthdate,SocialSecuritynumber,phonenumberandane-ma

iladdress.(它只需要基本信息，包括姓名、出生日期、社保号、电话号码和电子邮件地址)”以及第四段中“Insteadofprovidingdocumentsthatconfirmyou,asanindividual,ea

rned$125,000in2020or2021or,asacouple,lessthan$250,000,theapplicationsimplyasksborrowerstocheckaboxtoguaranteeunder

thelawsthatallinformationprovidedonthisformistrueandcorrect.(该申请没有提供证明文件，证明你作为个人在2020年或2021年的收入为12.5万美元，或者作为夫妇

，在不到25万美元的收入，而是要求借款人在一个方框中打勾，以确保根据法律，该表格上提供的所有信息都是真实和正确的)”可知，申请人必须提供真实的信息。故选C项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Anewversionofastudentloanforgivenessapplicati

onwillbeofficiallylaunchedbytheEducationDepartmentlaterthismonth.(教育部将于本月晚些时候正式推出新版学生贷款减免申请)”以及每段粗体字部分“Howlongtheapplicationwil

lbeup(申请将持续多长时间)”；“Whattheapplicationasksfor(申请要求)”；“Willborrowersneedtoprovetheymeettheplan’sincomerequirements?(借款人需要证明他们符合该计划的收入要求吗?)”以及“

Howlongwillittaketoprocesseachapplication?(处理每份申请需要多长时间?)”可知，本文主要介绍了学生贷款减免申请相关事项，所以是一篇广告。故选A项。BOpen-airjazz,locally-grownvegetables,Focacciabread,g

outcheese,andNarcantrainingallcompetedagainstarainstormlastTuesdayatWestsideFarmersMarket’sannualCollegeNight.Andthevendors(商贩)

heldoutprettywell.Evenastheraindropsintensified,folkskeptexploringthetablesstationedintheparkinglotofSt.MonicaChurch.Amongt

hecrowdwereanumberofcollegestudents,mostlyfromtheUniversityofRochester,likelybroughtinbytheCollegeNightawards

beingoffered—afive-dollartoken(购物券),ahandbag,andaprizeraffleentry,allfreeofcharge.Nowinits15thyear,West

sidevolunteerJackieFarrellsaidthemarketpartnersmerelywithlocalfarms,businesses,andcommunitygroupstopopulateitstables.“Ourm

issionreallyistoservethepeopleinthecommunity,gettingthemhealthandnutritioninformation,andconnectingthemtot

hefarmerswhogrowtheproduce,”Farrellsaid,“Everythinghastobelocal.It’saproducer-onlymarket,soyouhavetogroworproducewhateveryo

u’regoingtosellhere.”Thoseproducershaddiverseofferings.Vegetables,ofcourse,wereabundantbutsellersalsopushedcheeses,sprea

ds,bread,preparedpastadishes,andmuchmore.Thecommunitygroupsofferinginformationwerediversetoo.RecoveryAllWays,aloca

lnonprofitwithastated“missiontosupportanyoneaffectedbysubstanceusedisorder”handedoutNarcanandtrainedpeopleinitsuse.Thei

rstationwasnexttoaMomsDemandActiontent,wherestaffersprovidedinformationonphysicalsafety.SNAP-Ednutritionandbenefi

tseducatorsalsoranatable.Theactivitiesofthestationswasscoredbylivemusic.TheUniversity’sMidnightRamblersperformed,andalocaljazzbandplayedaway

astherainshowersstartedrollingin.FarrellhopedthattheCollegeNightpromotionwouldhelpmakestudentsmorecomfortablecrossi

ngthebridgeintotheRochestercommunity.“Welovecollegestudents,andwekeepencouragingthemthatalltheyhavetodoisgoacrossthebridge.”24.Whatattra

ctedcollegestudentstotheCollegeNight?A.Freeprizes.B.Sceneryintherain.C.Interestingbooks.D.Featuredgoods.25.WhatisthecharacteristicofWestsideFarmer

sMarket?A.Itismanagedbyfarmersthemselves.B.Itsvisitorsaremostlyuniversitystudents.C.Itsofferingsarelocallygrownor

prepared.D.Farmersprovidemorevegetablesthancorn.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheCollegeNight?A

.Crowdedandchaotic.B.Busyandfestive.C.Luxuriousandsplendid.D.Romanticandpeaceful.27.Whatmightbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Wests

ideFarmersMarketisfloweringrapidlyB.CollegeNightchannelsproductstocommunityC.CollegeNightbridgesuniversityandcommunityD.WestsideFarmersMark

etisexpandingnationwide【答案】24.A25.C26.B27.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是西区农贸市场大学之夜的促销活动，大学之夜将大学生与当地的社区联系在一起，架起了两者之间联系的桥梁。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Amon

gthecrowdwereanumberofcollegestudents,mostlyfromtheUniversityofRochester,likelybroughtinbytheCollegeNightawardsb

eingoffered—afive-dollartoken(购物券),ahandbag,andaprizeraffleentry,allfreeofcharge.(人群中有一些大学生，大部分来自罗切斯特大学，他们可能是被大学之夜提供的奖品带来的——一个5美元的购物券，一

个手提包和一个奖品抽奖，所有的都是免费的)”可知，吸引大学生来参加大学之夜的是一些免费的奖品。故选A项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Nowinits15thyear,WestsidevolunteerJackieFarrellsaidthemarketpartnersm

erelywithlocalfarms,businesses,andcommunitygroupstopopulateitstables.“Ourmissionreallyistoservethepeopleinthecommunity,gettingthem

healthandnutritioninformation,andconnectingthemtothefarmerswhogrowtheproduce,”Farrellsaid,“Everythinghastobelocal.It’saproducer-onlymarket,soyouh

avetogroworproducewhateveryou’regoingtosellhere.”(西区志愿者JackieFarrell说，现在是该市场成立的第15个年头，该市场只是与当地农场、企业和社区团体合作。法雷尔说：“

我们的使命真的是为社区的人们服务，向他们提供健康和营养信息，并将他们与种植农产品的农民联系起来。一切都必须本地化。这是一个只有生产者的市场，所以你必须种植或生产你要在这里销售的任何东西。”)”可知，西区农贸市场的特

点是它的产品是在当地种植的或事先准备好的。故选C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Open-airjazz,locally-grownvegetables,Focacciabread,goutcheese,andNarcantraining

allcompetedagainstarainstormlastTuesdayatWestsideFarmersMarket’sannualCollegeNight.(上周二，在西区农贸市场一年一度的大学之夜，露天爵士乐、当地种植的蔬菜、佛卡夏面包、痛风奶酪和纳尔康训练都同暴风雨展开了竞争)”

以及文章第四段“Thecommunitygroupsofferinginformationwerediversetoo.SNAP-Ednutritionandbenefitseducatorsalsoranatable.(提供信息的社区团体也是多样化的)”以及“SNAP-E

dnutritionandbenefitseducatorsalsoranatable.(SNAP-Ed的营养和福利教育工作者也摆了一张桌子)”及文章倒数第二段“Theactivitiesofthestatio

nswasscoredbylivemusic.TheUniversity’sMidnightRamblersperformed,andalocaljazzbandplayedawayastherainshowe

rsstartedrollingin.(电台的活动由现场音乐配乐。大学的午夜漫步者(MidnightRamblers)进行了表演，当地的一支爵士乐队在倾盆大雨中继续演奏)”可知，大学之夜的特点是忙碌的和

充满节日气氛的。故选B项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“FarrellhopedthattheCollegeNightpromotionwouldhelpmakestudentsmorecomfortablecrossingthebridgeintotheRochesterc

ommunity.“Welovecollegestudents,andwekeepencouragingthemthatalltheyhavetodoisgoacrossthebridge.”(Farrell希望“大学之夜

”的促销活动能帮助学生们更轻松地穿过大桥进入罗切斯特社区。“我们爱大学生，我们一直鼓励他们，他们所要做的就是穿过这座桥。”)”以及文章前面几段的内容可知，文章主要围绕着大学之夜的促销活动来展开，大学之夜将大学生与当地的社区联系在一起，

架起了两者之间联系的桥梁。由此可知，C项CollegeNightbridgesuniversityandcommunity概括文章内容，作为标题最为合适。故选C项。CAsMarkMeekan,atropicalfishbiologistattheAustralianInstitu

teofMarineScienceinPerth,spottedagiantshadowyfiguremovingintheIndianOcean,hewasdivingtotakesamplesofawhaleshark’sskin.Thesharks,averagingaro

und12meterslong,spendmostoftheirlivesinthedeepoceanwheretheyarehardtoobserve,soanalyzingthechemicalmakeupoftheirtissuescanhelpscientists

learnmoreabouttheirbiologyandbehavior,includingwhattheyeat.TheskinsamplesthatMeekancollectedrevealthatwhalesharks,longthoughttobestrictmeat

eaters,alsoeatanddigestalgae(海藻).Thefindingsaddtoevidencethatwhalesharksintentionallyeatplants,potentiallymakingthemthela

rgestomnivoresonEarth.Althoughalgaehasturnedupinthestomachsofbeachedwhalesharksbefore,“everyonethoughtitwasjustaccidentalingest

ion(摄取),”Meekansays.Tofindoutifthatassumptionheldup,Meekan’steamtooktissuesamplesfrom17whalesharksfeedingoffthecoastofW

esternAustraliafrom2015to2017.Whalesharks’skinwasrichinarachidonicacid(花生四烯酸)thatisfoundinbrownalgae,theanalysisshowed.The

newworksupportspreviousresearchbyadifferentgroupthatfoundalgae-relatednutrientsintheskinofwhalesharksnearJapan.Together,thefindingssuggestthatdige

stinggreensiscommonpracticeforwhalesharks.Butthatdoesn’tmeanwhalesharksaretrueomnivores,sayssharkbiologistRobertHueter.“Thisisabitlikesay

ingthatcowsareomnivoresbecausetheyeatinsectswhilefeedingongrass.”Meekanadmitsthatheisn’tsurewhetherwhalesharksseekoutalgae,buttheamounttheyeatisn’t

incidental(附带的).“Theirtissuesholdaremarkablerecordofwhatthey’vebeenupto,”hesays.“We’renowlearninghowtoreadthislibrary.”28.W

hydidMarkMeekantakesamplesofwhalesharks’skin?A.Toobservethelivingconditionsofsealife.B.Todiscovertheeatinghabi

tsofwhalesharks.C.Toexplorethebiologyandbehaviorofsealife.D.Toanalyzethefunctionofwhalesharks’tissues.29.Whatcanwel

earnaboutMarkMeekan’sfindings?A.It’scommonforwhalesharkstotakeinalgae.B.It’sthefirsttimetofindwhalesharkseatgreens.C.Thereisabund

antarachidonicacidinbrownalgae.D.Therearealgae-relatednutrientsinwhalesharks’skin.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“omnivores”inparagraph3mean?A.M

eateaters.B.Animalslivinginthedeepocean.C.Livingcreatures.D.Animalsfeedingonmeatandgreens.31.WhatmessagedoesMarkMeekanconveyinth

elastparagraph?A.He’llfindoutwhetherwhalesharkseatplants.B.He’llrecordwhatwhalesharkshavebeenupto.C.He’llfigureoutwhyw

halesharksdigestgreens.D.He’llreadmoreaboutwhalesharksinthelibrary.【答案】28.B29.A30.D31.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生物学家MarkMeekan的研究发现，长期以来被认为是严格肉食者的

鲸鲨，也摄入绿色植物。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thesharks,averagingaround12meterslong,spendmostoftheirlivesinthedeepoceanwheretheyarehardtoobserve,soanalyzingthec

hemicalmakeupoftheirtissuescanhelpscientistslearnmoreabouttheirbiologyandbehavior,includingwhattheyeat.(鲨鱼平均身

长约12米，它们大部分时间生活在深海中，很难被观察到，因此分析它们组织的化学组成可以帮助科学家更多地了解它们的生物学和行为，包括它们吃什么)”及第三段中“TheskinsamplesthatMeekancollectedrevealthatwhalesh

arks,longthoughttobestrictmeateaters,alsoeatanddigestalgae(海藻).(Meekan收集的皮肤样本显示，长期以来被认为是严格肉食者的鲸鲨，也吃并消化海藻)”可知，MarkMeekan采集鲸鲨皮肤样本是为了探究鲸鲨的饮

食习惯。故选B项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“TheskinsamplesthatMeekancollectedrevealthatwhalesharks,longthoughttobestrictmeateater

s,alsoeatanddigestalgae(海藻).(Meekan收集的皮肤样本显示，长期以来被认为是严格肉食者的鲸鲨，也吃并消化藻类)”以及第六段中“Together,thefindingssuggestthatdigestinggreensiscommonpracticeforwh

alesharks.(总之，这些发现表明，消化绿色食物是鲸鲨的常见习惯)”可知，从MarkMeekan的发现中我们了解到鲸鲨摄入藻类是很常见的。故选A项。【30题详解】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“TheskinsamplesthatMeekancollectedrevealt

hatwhalesharks,longthoughttobestrictmeateaters,alsoeatanddigestalgae(海藻).(Meekan收集的皮肤样本显示，长期以来被认为是严格肉食者的鲸鲨，也吃并消化藻类)”说明鲸鲨除了吃肉也吃植物，是杂食动物，从而推知划线词句“Th

efindingsaddtoevidencethatwhalesharksintentionallyeatplants,potentiallymakingthemthelargestomnivoresonEarth.(这些发现进一步证明了鲸鲨有意识地

吃些植物，这可能使它们成为地球上最大的omnivores)”其中词汇应为“既吃肉也吃植物的杂食动物”。故选D项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Meekan所说“Theirtissuesholdaremarkablerecordofwhatthey’vebeenupto.

(它们的组织保存着它们所做事情的显著记录)”以及“We’renowlearninghowtoreadthislibrary.(我们现在正在学习如何阅读这个资料库)”等可以推知，Meekan表明他会弄明白为什么鲸鲨会消化绿色

植物的。故选C项。DThewayItreataclove(瓣)ofgarlicdoesnotjustchangeitssizebutitschemistry;thedecisiontosliceorcrushitwillshapethe

flavourofthemeal.Cookingcanshowusthis:ouractionsmatter.Throughmyworkinthekitchen,IthoughtaboutwhatIhadlearnedabouttime,aboutpe

opleandtheworldbeyondme.ThenIaskedmyself:WhatwouldIdiscoverifItreatedcookingasthinking?WhenIcookedformy

selfasan18-year-old,Iattemptedtoimprovetheflavorofadishbyaddingmorethingstothepot.Butfrustratingly,thesedishestastedofless.Alogi

cofscalefailedhere:morewasnotmore.ThenIcameacrossarecipefortomatosauce,throughwhichIlearnedhowsmallchangeswouldcauseabi

gdifference.ThefirstfewtimesImadeit,Iwasrespectfultowardstheamazingtransformation.ButonceIcrushedthegarlicin

steadofcarefullyslicingit,andthesaucetasteddifferent.AnothertimeIreplacedfreshtomatoeswithcanned,whichresultedinawaterymixture.WhenIdocument

edallthetimesIhadcookedit,Iwassuddenlyabletoanswerquestionsthathadescapedmeinthelibraryduringmystudies.Ihadbeenstudyingthebrokenrelat

ionshipbetweenlanguageandthelivedworldforyears.Throughcooking,Isawhoweachtimearecipewastranslatedanewinthekitchen.Therefore,lif

ecouldbereturnedtolanguage,reinvigorating(使复兴)it.WhenIcook,I’musingtheknowledgeproducedthroughtheworkofgenerationsofcooksinkitchensallover

theworld.Unliketheknowledgestoredinlibraries,thisisinformationthateachpersonwhousesitcanrewriteintheirownimage.Peoplewho

cookbecomepartofachorus.WhenIbegantopayattention,Icouldheartheirvoicesinabubblingpan.Cookingisthinkin

g,andthereisknowledgeonanepic(史诗般的)scaleinapanofhotredsauce.32.Whyisgarlicmentionedinparagraph1?A.Toexplainarule.B.Topresentastory.C.Toi

ntroduceatopic.D.Tomakeacomparison.33.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromthecookingexperiences?A.Crushedgarlictastesbetter.B.

Freshtomatoesworkbetter.C.Slicedgarlicruinsthesauce.D.Moreingredientsimproveflavour.34.Whatdoesparagraph4ma

inlytellus?A.Lifecanbringlanguagealiveagain.B.Arecipecanberenewedbyeachuser.C.Therelationshipbetweenlang

uageandtheworldisbroken.D.Theinspirationfromcookinghelpssolveacademicproblems.35.Whatmightbethebesttit

le?A.Lessismore.B.Ouractionsmatter.C.Cookingisthinking.D.Recipeshavesouls.【答案】32.C33.B34.D35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己烹饪的经历告诉读者烹饪就是在思考。【32题详解】推理判断题。

根据第一段“ThewayItreataclove(瓣)ofgarlicdoesnotjustchangeitssizebutitschemistry;thedecisiontosliceorcrushit

willshapetheflavourofthemeal.Cookingcanshowusthis:ouractionsmatter.Throughmyworkinthekitchen,IthoughtaboutwhatIhadlearnedabouttime,abou

tpeopleandtheworldbeyondme.ThenIaskedmyself:WhatwouldIdiscoverifItreatedcookingasthinking?”（我对待一瓣大蒜的方式不仅改变了它的大小，还改变了它的化学成分;切片还是碾碎的决定了这

顿饭的味道。烹饪可以告诉我们:我们的行动很重要。通过在厨房的工作，我思考了我对时间、对人以及我以外的世界的了解。然后我问自己:如果我把烹饪当作思考，我会发现什么?）可知，第一段提到大蒜是为了介绍主题。故选C项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“ButonceIcrushedthe

garlicinsteadofcarefullyslicingit,andthesaucetasteddifferent.AnothertimeIreplacedfreshtomatoeswithcanned,whichresultedinawaterymixtur

e”（但有一次，我没有仔细切片，而是把大蒜压碎了，酱汁尝起来就不一样了。还有一次，我用罐装番茄代替了新鲜番茄，结果是一种水状混合物）可知，新鲜番茄效果更好。故选B项。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“WhenIdocumentedallthetimesIhadcookedit,

Iwassuddenlyabletoanswerquestionsthathadescapedmeinthelibraryduringmystudies.Ihadbeenstudyingthebrokenrelationshipbetweenlanguageandt

helivedworldforyears.Throughcooking,Isawhoweachtimearecipewastranslatedanewinthekitchen.Therefore,lifecouldbereturnedtolanguage,

reinvigorating(使复兴)it.”（当我记录下我做它的所有时间时，我突然能够回答我在图书馆学习时逃避的问题。多年来，我一直在研究语言与现实世界之间破裂的关系。通过烹饪，我看到了每一次食谱是如何在厨房里被重新翻译的。因此，语言可以重新焕发生机）可知，第四段主要是关于烹饪的灵感有

助于解决学术问题。故选D项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Throughmyworkinthekitchen,IthoughtaboutwhatIhadlearnedabouttime,aboutpeopleandtheworldbeyo

ndme.ThenIaskedmyself:WhatwouldIdiscoverifItreatedcookingasthinking?”（通过在厨房的工作，我思考了我对时间、对人以及我以外的世界的了解。

然后我问自己:如果我把烹饪当作思考，我会发现什么?）根据最后一段“Cookingisthinking”（烹饪就是思考）可知，短文的标题为“烹饪就是思考”。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内

容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Procrastination(拖延)makespeopleliveunderconstantstress.Makingchangeswillleadtopositivere

sults,likerelievingstressandincreasingthequalityofwork,familytimeandjoy.Buthowto?___36___◆Acknowledgetheneedtochange.Ifyou’reamasterprocrastinator,st

opmakingexcusesandacknowledgethereasonswhyprocrastinationisbad.___37___◆Identifyandunderstandyourfeelings.Youmay

feelfearfulaboutthesizeofatask,proudofyourproductivity,andanxiousaboutyourtime.___38___However,could

youbreakahugeprojectupintomanageabletasks?Youmightneedtosay“no”moreoftentogivethepropertimeandattentiontothemorei

mportantthings.Youcanalsosetatimelimitonyourbreak,maybe15to20minutes.◆___39___Ifyoufindyourselfwithso

mefreetimeandyouneedtoconvinceyourselftostartworkingonadifficulttask,followthefive-minuterule.Forceyourselftoworkon

ataskforjustfiveminutes,withtheunderstandingthatyoucanquitafterfiveminutesifyoulike.Thissimplementaltr

ickisusuallyjusttogetyoustarted.Anditwilloftenturnintomuchmorethanfiveminutes.◆Workonstuffearlier.___40___Butrem

ember:Justbecauseyoustartworkingonsomethingdoesn’tmeanyouhavetofinish.Bystarting,yougetthejuicesflowing,allo

wingyoutogetmoredonethanyouanticipated.Additionally,youincreasethequalityofyourworkbecauseeverytimeyou

reviseyourthing,itgetsbetter.So,remember:Fightingprocrastinationisalife-longbattle,butit’sawinnableone.

A.Usethefive-minuterule.B.Theseemotionsarequitenatural.C.Youmightthinkofthepossibleresults.D.Herearesomewaystobeatprocrastination.E.Pays

pecialattentiontothequalityofyourwork.F.Otherwise,youwon’tbeconvincedthere’saneedtochange.G.Formasterprocrastinators,theid

eaofworkingtooearlyonataskisstupid.【答案】36.D37.F38.B39.A40.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。拖延症使人们生活在持续的压力之下，文章主要介绍了如

何打败拖延症的方法。【36题详解】上文“Procrastination(拖延)makespeopleliveunderconstantstress.Makingchangeswillleadtopositiveresults,likerelievings

tressandincreasingthequalityofwork,familytimeandjoy.Buthowto?(拖延症使人们生活在持续的压力之下。做出改变会带来积极的结果，比如减轻压力、提高工作质量、家庭时间和快乐。但是怎么做呢?)”提到了拖延症使人们生活在持续

的压力之下，做出改变会带来积极的结果，并提出“该怎么做”这一问题；下文直接列出几项打败拖延症的方法。由此可知，设空处需填一个过渡句，承上启下。D项“Herearesomewaystobeatprocrastination.(这里有一些击败拖延症的方法。)”与上下文对应。故选D项。

【37题详解】根据小标题“Acknowledgetheneedtochange.(承认改变的必要。)”可知，本段主题与改变相关；上文“Ifyou’reamasterprocrastinator,stopmakingexcusesandacknowledge

thereasonswhyprocrastinationisbad.(如果你是一个拖延大师，停止找借口，承认拖延不好的原因。)”提到了停止找借口，承认拖延是不好的；选项中只有F项“Otherwise,youwon’tbeconvincedthere’saneedtochange.(否则

，你不会相信有改变的必要。)”与“改变”这一主题相关，且与上文对应。故选F项。【38题详解】根据小标题“Identifyandunderstandyourfeelings.(认识并理解你的感受。)”可知，

本段主题与感受和情绪相关；上文“Youmayfeelfearfulaboutthesizeofatask,proudofyourproductivity,andanxiousaboutyourtime.(你可能会

对任务的规模感到害怕，为自己的效率感到骄傲，为自己的时间感到焦虑。)”提到了害怕、骄傲、和焦虑等情绪；下文“However,couldyoubreakahugeprojectupintomanageabletasks?(然而，你能把一个庞大的项目分解成可

管理的任务吗?)”则转而提到把庞大的项目分解成可管理的小任务。B项“Theseemotionsarequitenatural.(这些情绪是很自然的。)”中的theseemotions恰好指代上文的fearful、proud、anxious等情绪。故选B项。【39题详解】设空处为本段的

小标题，需能概括本段主旨；下文“Ifyoufindyourselfwithsomefreetimeandyouneedtoconvinceyourselftostartworkingonadifficulttask,followthefive-minuterule.(如果

你发现自己有一些空闲时间，你需要说服自己开始做一个困难的任务，遵循五分钟规则。)”提到了如果要说服自己开始做一个困难的任务，遵循五分钟规则。由此可知，本段主要与五分钟规则相关。A项“Usethefive-minuterule.(使用五分钟规则)”能

概括本段主旨。故选A项。【40题详解】根据小标题“Workonstuffearlier.(早点做事)”可知，本段主要与workearlier相关；下文“Butremember:Justbecauseyoustartworkingonsomethingdoesn’tmean

youhavetofinish.(但请记住：你开始做某件事并不意味着你必须完成。)”转而提到早点开始做某件事并不意味着必须完成。G项“Formasterprocrastinators,theideaofw

orkingtooearlyonataskisstupid.(对于拖延症大师来说，过早开始工作的想法是愚蠢的。)”既符合workearly的主题，也下文对应。故选G项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B

、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AmyJandrisevitsknowsthevalueofagooddoll.“Dollshavea___41___wedon’tcompletelyunderstand,”shetoldTheToday

Show.It’sa___42___shecametowhileworkingasapediatriconcology(儿科肿瘤学)socialworker,usingdollstohelpchildrenadapttotheirmedical

situations.Manyofthekidssawthemselvesinthosedolls.___43___,forthekidsmissinganarmorwhohadlosttheirhair,ther

ewerenonetheycouldrelateto.So,sevenyearsago,whenafriendrevealedthatherchildwastransgender(跨性别的),Jandrisevitsknewwhatmighthelptheyouththroughthi

s___44___period.“It’shardtotellakid,‘Youareperfectthewayyouare,’but___45___offerthemanythingthatlookslikethem,”shesays.Jandrisevits___46___chan

gingthat.Shemadeadollbyhandthatlookedlikeherfriend’schildandsentitoff.Afterthefriend___47___aphotoonlineofth

ehappychildandthedoll,anotherwomanaskedJandrisevitstomakeadollforherbaby,whowasmissingaleg.Word___48___,andsoonJandrisevitswasmakingdolls

forchildrenwithscars,birthmarksandfacialdeformities(畸形)—___49___,adollthatlookedlikethem.She____50____herjobandsta

rtedanonprofit,ADollLikeMe.Workingathome,ittakesJandrisevits____51____sevenhourstomakeeachdoll.AGoFundMepa

gehelpsher____52____thecosts.Shehasn’t____53____foradollsinceshebeganhernonprofit.Inall,she’smademorethan400dolls.T

hewaitinglistislong,butJandrisevitsis____54____.AssheexplainsonherGoFundMepage,“Everykid,____55____gender,age,ormedicalissue,should

lookintothesweetfaceofadollandseetheirown.”41.A.faceB.fateC.powerD.quality42.A.decisionB.positionC.confusionD.conclusion43.A.Therefore

B.HoweverC.BesidesD.Moreover44.A.frighteningB.touchingC.challengingD.astonishing45.A.sometimesB.neverC.alwaysD.occasi

onally46.A.wentafterB.wentagainstC.wentaboutD.wentthrough47.A.postedB.shotC.downloadedD.selected48.A.countedB.escapedC.failedD.spread49.A.bycontrast

B.inadditionC.inshortD.afterall50.A.landedB.quitC.soughtD.lost51.A.merelyB.exactlyC.definitelyD.roughly52.A.coverB.

analyzeC.calculateD.increase53.A.chargedB.paidC.accountedD.allowed54.A.tiredB.unsatisfiedC.defeatedD.unbowed55.A.asidefromB.regardlessofC.ratherthan

D.dueto【答案】41.C42.D43.B44.C45.B46.C47.A48.D49.C50.B51.D52.A53.A54.D55.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Jandrisevits专做“有缺陷”的玩具娃娃，给无数

有缺陷的孩子带去温暖。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“玩具娃娃有一种我们不完全理解的力量，”她告诉《今日秀》。A.face脸；B.fate命运；C.power力量；D.quality质量。根据下文“wedon’tcompletelyunder

stand”可知，玩具娃娃有一种我们不完全理解的力量。故选C项。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是她在担任儿科肿瘤社会工作者时得出的结论，她使用玩具娃娃帮助孩子适应他们的医疗状况。A.decision决定；B.position位置；C.confusion困惑；D.c

onclusion结论。cometoaconclusion得出结论。根据上文“Dollshavea___1___wedon’tcompletelyunderstand”可知，Jandrisevits在做儿科肿瘤社工时得出这样的结论——玩

具娃娃有一种我们不完全理解的力量。故选D项。【43题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于那些失去一只胳膊或失去头发的孩子来说，它们没有任何关系。A.Therefore因此；B.However然而；C.Besides此外；D.Moreover此外。结合上文“M

anyofthekidssawthemselvesinthosedolls”（许多孩子在那些洋娃娃身上看到自己）可知，此处前后为转折关系，故选B项。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，七年前，当一位朋友透

露她的孩子是跨性别者时，Jandrisevits知道什么可以帮助这个年轻人度过这个充满挑战的时期。A.frightening恐怖的；B.touching感人的；C.challenging挑战性的；D.astonishing令人惊讶的。结合上文“whenafriendrevealed

thatherchildwastransgender”可知，孩子是跨性别者，这对孩子来说是有挑战性的，故选C项。【45题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“很难告诉一个孩子，‘你现在这样就很完美’，但从不给他们任何看起来像他们的东西，”她说。A.sometim

es有时；B.never从不；C.always总是；D.occasionally偶尔。根据上文“Youareperfectthewayyouare”和“but”表转折可知，此处表示“从不”，即很难在从不给他们任何看起来像他们的东西的前提下，

告诉他们是完美的。故选B项。【46题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Jandrisevits试图改变这一点。A.wentafter追赶；B.wentagainst反对；C.wentabout着手；D.wentthrough经历。结合下文“Shemadeadollbyhandthatlooke

dlikeherfriend’schildandsentitoff”（她亲手做了一个娃娃，看起来像她朋友的孩子，然后把它送了出去）可知，Jandrisevits在着手改变，故选C项。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。

句意：在Jandrisevits的朋友在网上发布了一张快乐的孩子和可爱的玩具娃娃的照片后，另一个女人让Jandrisevits做一个看起来像她的孩子的玩具娃娃，她的孩子刚刚失去了一条腿。A.posted发布；B.shot射击；C.downloaded下载；D.selected选择。

根据后文“aphotoonline”可知，将照片发布到网上。故选A项。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：消息传开了，很快她就开始为有伤疤、胎记和面部障碍的孩子制作娃娃——简而言之，就是一个看起来像他们的玩具娃娃。A.c

ounted数数；B.escaped逃跑；C.failed失败；D.spread传播。结合下文“soonJandrisevitswasmakingdollsforchildrenwithscars,birthmarksandfacialdeformities”可知，此处表示消息传开，很多

人找Jandrisevits做像自己孩子的玩具娃娃。故选D项。【49题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：消息传开了，很快她就开始为有伤疤、胎记和面部障碍的孩子制作娃娃——简而言之，就是一个看起来像他们的玩具娃娃。A.

bycontrast对比；B.inaddition另外；C.inshort总之、简而言之；D.afterall毕竟。根据上文“andsoonshewasmakingdollsforchildrenwithscars,birthmarks,fac

ialdisorders”和下文“adollthatlookedlikethem”可知，后句是对前句总结。故选C项。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她辞掉工作，成立了一个“像我一样的玩具娃娃”非营利组织。

A.landed着陆；B.quit放弃、离开（工作职位、学校等）；C.sought寻找；D.lost失去。根据下文“andstartedanonprofit,ADollLikeMe”可知，她辞掉手头上的工作去创办帮助

有缺陷孩子的非营利组织。故选B项。【51题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在家工作，Jandrisevits制作每个娃娃大约需要七个小时。A.merely仅仅；B.exactly确切地；C.definitely明确地；D.roughly大致；大约。结合语境可知，此处表示制作每个娃

娃大约需要七个小时，故选D项。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个GoFundMe网页帮助她支付费用。A.cover足以支付；B.analyze分析；C.calculate计算；D.increase增加。结合上文“startedanonprofit”可知，她没有收入，可推测网页帮助她支付费

用，故选A项。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从她开始这个非营利组织以来，她还没有对一个玩具娃娃收费。A.charged要价；收费；B.paid支付；C.accounted解释；D.allowed允许。结合上文

“anonprofit”和“AGoFundMepagehelpsher___12___thecosts”可知，她创办的是非营利组织，GoFundMe网页帮助她支付费用，可得出她没有对玩具洋娃娃收取费用，故选A项。【54题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：等待的名单很长，但Jandrisevits不放

弃。A.tired疲惫的；B.unsatisfied不满意的；C.defeated打败的；D.unbowed不屈服的。结合上文“Thewaitinglistislong”和“but”可知，单子虽然很长，但

她并没有屈服，故选D项。【55题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：正如她在她的GoFundMe页面上解释的那样，“每个孩子，无论种族、年龄、医疗问题或体型，都应该看着玩具娃娃甜美的脸，看到自己的笑脸。”A.asidefrom除……之外；B.regardlessof不管，无论；C.

ratherthan而不是；D.dueto由于。结合语境和“Everykid”可知，此处表示“无论种族、年龄、医疗问题或体型”，故选B项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或

括号内单词的正确形式。EmergingevidenceinhumanssuggeststheWesternhigh-fatandhigh-sugarjunkfooddietcanquickly___56___(weak)yourbrain’sappetitecontrol.After__

_57___(offer)aweek-longbinge(大吃大喝)ofwaffles,milkshakesandsimilarlyrichfoods,thevolunteerswhousedtobehealthyscored___58___(bad)onmemory

testsandexperiencedagreaterdesiretoeatjunkfood,evenwhentheywerealreadyfull.Thefindingssuggestsomethingisspecialinthehippocamp

us(海马体)—aregionofthebrain___59___supportsmemoryandhelpstoadjustappetite.Whenwearefull,thehippocampusis

thoughttoreduceourmemoriesofdeliciousfood,thereby___60___(reduce)ourappetite.Whenit’sinterrupted,___61___controlcanbeseriouslydamaged.O

vertheyears,extensiveresearchon___62___(mouse)hasfoundthefunctionofthehippocampusisvery___63___(sense)

tojunkfood,butrecentlyscientistscanobservethisonlyinyoungandhealthyhumans.In2017,afteraweekofWestern-stylebr

eakfastsofwafflesandmilkshakes,researchersfoundparticipantsperformedpooronlearningandmemorytestswhichare___64___(typical)dependentonthe

hippocampus.Now,inthislateststudythescientistsoftheteamhavefoundthatnotonlydosuchhigh-fatandhigh-sugardietsimpairmemoryinhumans,

___65___theyappeartodirectlyaffectourabilitytocontrolourappetite.【答案】56.weaken57.beingoffered58.worse59.which##that60.reducing61

.the62.mice63.sensitive64.typically65.but【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出研究发现高脂肪、高糖的饮食不仅会损害人类的记忆力，而且似乎会直接影响我们控制食欲的能力。【56题详解】考查动词

。句意：人类的新证据表明，西方高脂肪、高糖垃圾食品的饮食会迅速削弱大脑对食欲的控制。分析句子可知，suggests后面是一个省略了that的宾语从句，此处应填动词原形与前文can一起在从句中作谓语动词。故填weaken。【57题详解】考查非谓语动词。句

意：在被提供一周的华夫饼、奶昔和类似的高热量的食物后，那些过去健康的志愿者们在记忆测试中得分更差，即使已经吃饱了，他们也更渴望吃垃圾食品。after在本句中作介词，后面跟动名词作宾语，表示“被提供”，应用动名词的被动形式。故填beingoffered。【58题详解】考查副词比较级。句意：在被提供一

周的华夫饼、奶昔和类似的高热量的食物后，那些过去健康的志愿者们在记忆测试中得分更差，即使已经吃饱了，他们也更渴望吃垃圾食品。根据句意可知，志愿者在试验后的记忆测试中得分比试验前更差，所以用比较级worse。故填worse。【59题详解】考查定语从句。句意：研究结果表明，海马体是大脑里的一个

区域，里面中有一种特殊的物质支持记忆帮助调节食欲。分析句子结构可知，aregionofthebrain是hippocampus的同位语，主句的谓语是suggest，定语从句的谓语是supports，先行词是hippocampus，指

物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。【60题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们认为当我们吃饱时，海马体可以减少我们对美食的记忆，从而降低我们的食欲。分析句子结构可知，主句谓语

是isthought，此处应用非谓语动词，reduce与逻辑主语hippocampus是主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填reducing。【61题详解】考查冠词。句意：如果中断，这种控制可能会严重受损。分析句子可知，此处control是名词，作句子的主语，特指第一段提到

的appetitecontrol，应用定冠词。故填the。【62题详解】考查名词。句意：多年来，对老鼠的广泛研究发现，海马体的功能对垃圾食品非常敏感，但科学家最近仅在年轻和健康的人类中观察到这种情况。mouse前无限定词，老鼠不止一只，应用复数形式，表泛指，与介词on

连用，作research的后置定语。故填mice。【63题详解】考查形容词。句意：多年来，对老鼠的广泛研究发现，海马体的功能对垃圾食品非常敏感，但科学家最近仅在年轻和健康的人类中观察到这种情况。此处用形容词作系动词后的表语，且besensit

iveto为固定搭配，意为“对……敏感”。故填sensitive。64题详解】考查副词。句意：2017年，在吃了一周的华夫饼和奶昔的西式早餐后，研究人员发现参与者在学习和记忆测试中表现较差，而学习和记

忆测试通常依赖于海马体。此处修饰形容词dependent，应用副词typically。故填typically。【65题详解】考查连词。句意：现在，在这项最新的研究中，该团队的科学家们发现，这种高脂肪、高糖的

饮食不仅会损害人类的记忆力，而且似乎会直接影响我们控制食欲的能力。notonly...but(also)…为固定搭配，意为“不但……而且……”。故填but。【