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第2讲并列句和状语从句[全国卷考情分析]题型典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)IworknotbecauseIhaveto,butbecauseIwantto.2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)InmuchofAsia,espec
iallythesocalled“ricebowl”culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,andVietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.3.(2016·全国卷
Ⅲ)Overtime,as/whenthepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.1.并列连词(考查的重点
:and,but,or,so,when,while);2.状语从句的引导词。短文改错1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Suddenlyafootballfelljustinfrontofmebutalmosthitme.but→and2.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)WhenIstudiedche
mistryathighschool,Ireconsideredmygoalordecidedtobeadoctor.or→and3.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Attheendofourtrip,Itold
myfatherthatIplannedtoreturneverytwoyears,butheagreed.but→and1.并列连词的错用或缺失;2.状语从句连接词的错用;3.并列连词和状语从句的连接词的同时使用错误。考点一并列连词
[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2019·河北衡水中学调研)Shedidn'tknowanythingaboutcurrentTVshowsfashiontrends.or[句意:她对于当前的电视节目和流行趋势一无所知。or用在表示否定意义的动词后表示“也不,也
不是,也没有”的意思。根据本句中表示否定意义的“didn'tknow”可知设空处填or。]2.(2019·福建泉州1月质检)InChina,thequestionisnot“WhatshallIhave?”“Whatshallweh
ave?”.Foodisorderedtosharewithothers,notjustforoneself.but[句意:在中国,问题不是“我吃什么?”而是“我们吃什么?”。点餐是为了和别人分享,而不是只为了自己。not...but...为固定搭配,
意为“不是……而是……”。]3.(2019·河南中原名校联考)Around7:30a.m.,shewaslyingonhersurfboardwithherleftarminthewatera14-foot-longtigers
harkattackedher,severingherleftarmjustbelowtheshoulder.when[句意:大约在上午七点半左右,她正躺在她的冲浪板上,左臂放在水里,就在那时一条14英尺长的虎鲨袭击了她,咬断了她肩部以下的左臂。bedoings
th.when...为固定句型,其中when为并列连词,意为“正在做某事,这/那时突然……”。]Ⅱ.单句改错4.(2019·广东七校联考)AlthoughIwastired,butIreallyhadagoodtime.删除but或but→y
et[although不能和but连用,能和yet连用。补充:此处也可删除Although,但是语意上没有删除but好。]5.(2019·郑州质量检测)ShouldItellhimthetruth,andshouldIpaytorepairit?Iwishfo
ryouradvice.and→or[考查连词。根据语境可知,此处表示逻辑上的选择关系,故用连词or。][要点解读]1.表并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词:and,both...and...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,aswe
llasNotonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentswereinvited.不但那位教师被邀请,而且学生们也被邀请了。2.表转折的并列连词:but,yet;表对比关系的并列连词:whileThefailurewasabigblowtohim,b
uthewasn'tdiscouragedandsoongotasenthusiasticasever.这次失败对他是个很大的打击,但他并没有沮丧,很快便像以前一样充满热情。Iwasneververynea
t,whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganized.我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人,而我的室友凯特却极有条理。[易错提醒]but不与although/though连用,但yet,sti
ll可与although/though连用。3.表选择关系的并列连词:or,either...or...,not...but...Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople'shomeeitherpersonallyorthrou
ghtheircompanies.他们给那位老人的家里送钱,有的是以个人的名义,有的则是通过他们的公司。4.表因果关系的并列连词:so,for(表“由于”,一般不放在句首)Hefounditincreasinglydi
fficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.由于他的视力下降,他发现读书越来越困难了。5.when可用作并列连词,意为“这时,那时”,相当于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句
式:①beabouttodosth.when...“正要做某事,这时突然……”②beonthepointofdoingsth.when...“正要做某事,这时突然……”③bedoingsth.when...
“正在做某事,这时突然……”④haddonesth.when...“刚做完某事,这时突然……”IwasdrivingdowntoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.我
正开车去伦敦,这时突然发现自己走错了路。Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthepianoyesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业,她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。【技法点拨】在语法填空中:并列连词的考查
主要是通过句子意义及两个并列成分之间的关系来判断连词词义。解题时准确理解题干的意义,理清前后逻辑关系很重要。[易错提醒]在短文改错中:1.分析句子结构及句与句之间的关系和相应的标点符号,确定是否需要连接词连接,从而确定是否缺少连词或连词多余,以便增删连接词。2.分析句子
间的意义关系,判断句子间连接词的使用是否正确,然后予以改正。and表并列;yet/but表转折;or表选择;so表因果;while表对比;when表“就在这时”等,在做短文改错时一定要记牢。考点二状语从句[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2019·安徽六安
一中月考)Talkingaboutfirescanbescarynoonelikestothinkaboutpeoplegettinghurtortheirthingsgettingburned.because[句意:谈论火灾可能会令人害怕,因为没人愿意考虑人们受伤或者他们的东西
被烧毁。设空处引导原因状语从句,该原因状语从句说明主句发生的直接原因,故填because。]2.(2019·福州四校联考)IamgratefulforthegiftssharedbythemusicianswiththeaudiencethatI'llcarryt
hisspecialfeelingalongwithme.so[考查副词。根据空后的grateful可知,此处应用副词修饰形容词,又根据下文中的that可知,此处为“so...that...”结构,故填so。]3.(2019·福建龙岩3月质
检)Butfornow,theyallhavetopostponetheirplansthewinterstormspass.until/till[句意:但是现在他们都得把他们的计划推迟到冬季风暴结束时才能实施。根据句意可知设空处填until
或till。]Ⅱ.单句改错4.(2019·湖南益阳调研)Oneday,IwasskiingdownamountainwhileIsawagirlagedabout15whohadfallen.while→when[bedoingsth.when...为固
定搭配,意为“正在做某事,突然……”。故将while改为when。]5.(2019·安徽百所重点中学二模)Ithappenssuchoftenthatweenduptakingourparentsforgranted.such→so[在so/such...that...句型中,so修饰形容词或副词
,such修饰名词。此处修饰副词,故用so。][要点解读]一、时间状语从句1.when,while和as引导的时间状语从句when从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生。while从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
。as从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行,可译为“一边……,一边……;随着……”。Whilesomepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsuccess,
othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure.尽管有些人被成功的渴望所激励,但也有一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。Astheaverageageofthepopulationincreases,therearemoreandmoreo
ldpeopletocarefor.随着人口平均年龄的增长,有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。2.表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句(1)assoonas,themoment,theminute,thein
stant,immediately,directlyThemomentmyauntgainedherdiplomaafterfouryearsofhardwork,shewasfilledwithjoy.我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭,那一刻她欣喜万分。(2)在hardly...when
...,nosooner...than...结构中,主句用过去完成时,than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。Ihadhardlygottotheoffice,whenmywifephonedmetogoback
homeatonce.我刚到办公室,妻子就打电话让我马上回家。3.before,since引导的时间状语从句(1)before表示“在……之前;还未……就……;还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式:①Itwillbe/was+一段时间+before...过了……时间才……;②Itwon't
be/wasn't+一段时间+before...没过多久就……。Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblembeforewecansolveit.在我们解决问题之前,我们需要找到问题的根源。Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyearsbe
foreyougetanotherone.如果你错过了这次机会,可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。(2)since意为“自从……以来”,常用句式:Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句(常用过去时)。sin
ce从句的时态若是一般过去时,主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。Asisreported,itisover100yearssinceTsinghuaUniversitywasfounded.正如所报道的,清华大学自建立以来已有一
百多年了。4.till/until引导的时间状语从句until/till用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”,其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词;not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”,not所在的主句的谓语动词必须
为非延续性动词。until可用于句首,而till不能。Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeopleuntilyoufi
gureitout.如果你遇到不懂的东西,可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈,直到你把它弄明白。Shedidn'tstartthelessonuntilthepupilssettleddown.等学生们安静下来后,她才开始上课。5.ev
erytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,bythetime等引导的时间状语从句Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthisbook,yourmealwillgetcold.等你看完这本书,你的饭就凉了。二、让步状语从句1
.although,though,as和while引导的让步状语从句(1)though引导的从句可用倒装语序,也可不倒装;although引导的从句不倒装;as引导的从句必须用倒装语序。Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,th
eyarevitalfornow.虽然这些措施并不能永远有效,但它们目前是至关重要的。Hotas/thoughthenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourn
ey.夜晚的空气虽然很热,但因为长途旅行之后很累,我们睡得很沉。(2)though可用作副词,意为“然而”,表转折,置于句末。(3)while引导让步状语从句,只能置于句首。(4)as、though引导让步状语从句时采用倒装的两种特殊
情况①如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语,不再用冠词。Youngestas/thoughheisinourclass,hespeaksEnglishbest.他虽然是我们班年龄最小的,但他英语说得最好。②行为动词前置时,从句主语后面要用m
ay,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词,若没有情态动词,则需加上一个do(does或did)。若前置的行为动词是及物动词,则其宾语也随其后一并提前。Searchastheywouldhereandthere,theycouldfindnothinginthero
om.尽管到处寻找,但他们在房间里找不到任何东西。Changeyourmindas/thoughyoudo,youwillgetnohelpfromus.即使你改变主意,你也得不到我们的帮助。2.evenif与eventhough引导的让步状
语从句evenif/eventhough引导让步状语从句时,表示语气更强的让步,意为“即使,即便”。Timisingoodshapephysicallyeventhough/evenifhedoesn'tgetmuchexercise.
蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼,但体形很好。3.“疑问词+-ever”引导的让步状语从句wherever,(what,who,whom,when,which,how)+ever表示“无论……”,引导让步状语从句时,相当于
nomatterwhere(what,who,whom,when,which,how)。Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.总的来说,孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。However/Nomatterhowh
ungryIam,Ineverseemtobeabletofinishoffthisloafofbread.无论我有多饿,我似乎从来不能吃完整条面包。4.whether...or...引导的让步状语从句whether...or...意为“
无论……还是……”,提供两种对比情况。Allpeople,whethertheyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.所有人,无论年老还是年轻,富裕还是贫
穷,都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。三、其他状语从句状语从句连词条件状语从句if,unless(=if...not),so/aslongas(只要),onconditionthat,incase(万一),suppose/supposing,provided/providing原
因状语从句because,as,since,nowthat,consideringthat(考虑到,鉴于)目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat,incase(以防)结果状语从句sothat,so...that...,such.
..that...地点状语从句where,wherever方式状语从句as(正如,正像),asif/asthough(好像)比较状语从句than,as...as...,notas/so...as...Youwon'tfindpapercutti
ngdifficultaslongasyoukeeppracticingit.只要你不断练习,你不会觉得剪纸很难。Justasasinglewordcanchangethemeaningofasentence,asinglesentence
canchangethemeaningofaparagraph.正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样,单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。Hehadhiscamerareadyincasehesawsomethingthatwouldmakeagoodpicture.他准备好了照相机,以防看到一些他能
够拍成好照片的东西。[易错提醒]asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时,从句通常用虚拟语气:与现在的情况相反时,用过去时;与过去情况相反时,用过去完成时;与将来情况相反时,用would/could/might+动词原形。【技法点拨】在语法填空中,状语从句
的考查集中在连词的使用上。解题时要认真分析主、从句之间的逻辑关系,明确从句表示时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较等,再根据各种从句固定使用的连接词确定正确答案。[易错提醒]在短文改错中:1.分析句子结构,找到主句的谓语动词,确定句子的主谓结构,查看句
子连接是否正确。2.理解句意,把握句子的内在逻辑关系,确定从句在句中的作用及连接词在句中所作的成分,检查连接词是否正确。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2019·北京朝阳区期末)Itisfreezinghere.W
earyourcoat,you'llcatchacold.or[结合语义可知,此处表示“否则,要不然”的意思,故填or。]2.(2019·江苏镇江模拟)Wethoughtthat,wewereinthearea,we'dstopbyandsee
theplacesofinterest.since[句意:我们认为,既然到这了,我们不如驻足一会儿,看一看这儿的名胜。由句意可知,此处填since表示“既然”。]3.(2019·哈六中模拟)However,whenIhadtogobackIforgo
tmybook,Inoticedshehadjustfinishedpickingthemupbyherself.because/since/as[根据句意并结合前后两句的逻辑关系可知,此处需用一个表原因的连词,故填because/since/as。]4.(2019
·北京西城模拟)Igethomelate,Grandmaalwaysleavesalightonforme.Whenever[whenever“无论何时”;根据句意,“每当”我回家晚了,故填Whenever。]5.(2
019·天津模拟)—Don'tlookdownuponBob.Hehashisownadvantages.—Oh,yes,othersareweak,heisstrong.where[where可以引导表示抽象意义的地点状语从句。此处表述别人的弱点正是他的强势
所在。故填where。]6.(2019·江苏南通月考)seriousaproblemyoumayhave,youshouldgatheryourcouragetofacethechallenge.However[由句义判断此处表述
“无论多么严重”。故填However,引导让步状语从句。]7.(2019·杭州质检)Rememberthatyouwon'tbeabletocanceltheorderyou'vesigned.once[句意:记住一旦你签了字,就不能取消订单。根据句义可知,此处表示条件,
故填once。]8.(2019·浙江温州十校联考)Goodnewsnevergoesbeyondthegate,badnewsspreadsfarandwide.while[句意:好事不出门,坏事传千里。结合句义可知,此处填while表“转折和对照”。]Ⅱ.单句改错1.
(2019·广州检测)Becausemyarmslookedweak,mymothertrustedthatIcouldholdthebaby.Because→Although/Though[根据句义可知,两句之间为让步关系,而非因果关系,故应将Because改为
Although/Though。]2.(2019·天水一中质检)Oneday,Iwascookinginthekitchenwhilethetelephonerang.while→when[根据句子结构可知,此处连词表示“在那时候”,故用when。固定句型“bedoing
...when...”意为“正在做某事,这时……”。]3.(2019·山东日照模拟)Iwouldhaveenjoyedaperfectafternoonunlessithadnotbeenforanunfortun
ateincident.unless→if[根据句义可知,此处表示肯定条件,也是if引导的虚拟条件句,故将unless改为if。]4.(2019·浙江暨阳模拟)Summerisn'texactlyfluseason,sothatyouhaveflulikesymptom
safteralongdayinthesun,youmaybetoblame.that→if[句意:夏天不是流感的季节,因此如果你在太阳下待了一整天后,有流感的症状的话,你自己该为此负责。这里不是sothat引导的结果状语从句,因此将that改为if。]5.(2019·广
东惠州高三模拟)Thereareanumberofcompaniesthatcreaterobotstoteachsubjectstochildrenrangingfrombiologytocomputerscience
,becausesuchtoolshavenotbecomewidespreadyet.because→though[由主句中的“createrobotstoteach”和从句中的“havenotbecomewidespre
adyet”可知主从句之间的逻辑关系不是因果关系,而是让步关系,因此将because改为though。句意:有大量的公司制造教学生们从生物到电脑科学的机器人,即使这样的工具还没有广泛普及。]Ⅰ.语法填空(2019·广西柳州二模)TheWater-splashing(泼洒)Fe
stivaloftheDaiethnicminority(少数民族)fallsonApril13thtoApril15th.Itisthemostimportantfestival1.(observe)bytheDaipeopleofX
ishuangbanna,YunnanProvince.ItistheNewYearfortheDai,afestivaltosendofftheoldandgreetthenew.Duringthefestival,2.laststhreedays,p
eoplearedressedintheirbestclothesandparticipateinavarietyofrichandcolourful3.(activity).Dragonboatracing,fireworksdisplaysandotherperformancessu
chasPeacockDance4.(hold)onthefirstday.Andthemostpopularevent5.(be)waters-plashingonthesecondday.Peoplesplashwateroneachother,hopingtotak
eawaysicknessesanddisasters.Thewetteryouget,the6.(lucky)youwillbe.Thelastdayisusuallyfortheyoungpeopletoplaygamesasaway7.(express)the
irloveforeachother.TheWatersplashingFestival8.(vivid)exhibitstheDai'srespectforwaterandthecultureofmusic,dance,food,andcostumes.Itisalsoacu
lturalbridge9.XishuangbannaandSoutheastAsiancountriesthatshare10.samefestivalcultureofwatersplashing.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了傣族泼水节的相关情况,包括时间、活动内容和
意义等。1.observed[考查过去分词。这是云南省西双版纳的傣族人所奉行的最重要的节日。根据该句中的“bytheDaipeople”可知,动词observe和名词festival之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。]2.which[考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导
非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词为“thefestival”,故用which引导该定语从句。]3.activities[考查名词复数。activity“(群体性的)活动”常用复数,根据该句中的“avarietyof”可知,此处表示“多种多样的活动”,故用其复数形式。]4
.areheld[考查被动语态和主谓一致。该句主语为“Dragonboatracing,fireworksdisplaysandotherperformancessuchasPeacockDance”,故谓语动词用复数
形式;主语和动词hold之间为动宾关系,故用被动语态;故填areheld。]5.is[考查主谓一致和时态。该句主语为“themostpopularevent”为单数,故谓语动词用单数;该句陈述的是传统习惯,
故用一般现在时。]6.luckier[考查形容词的比较级。根据句子结构和该句中的“Thewetter”可知,该句使用了“themore...themore...”结构,表示“越……就越……”。故填luckier。]7.toexpress[考查动词不定式。最后一天的活动通常是年轻
人玩游戏来表达他们对彼此的爱。根据语境可知,空处表示目的,故用动词不定式作目的状语。]8.vividly[考查副词。泼水节生动地展示了傣族人对水和音乐、舞蹈、食物以及服饰文化的尊重。根据空后的“exhibits”可知,空处修饰该动词,故用vivid的副词形式。]9.between[考查介词。此处
表示两者之间,between...and...为固定搭配,意为“在……和……之间”。泼水节也是西双版纳和东南亚国家之间的文化桥梁,他们共享相同的泼水节日文化。]10.the[考查冠词。根据语境可知,此处表特指,故填the。]Ⅱ.
短文改错(2019·新疆第一次适应性考试)Dormitorylifeispartofcollegelife.Butsometimetheharmonyinthedormitoryisdisturbedinonewayoranother.
Whatisknowntoall,aharmoniousdormitorylifeisimportanttocollegestudentsandbenefitallthemembers.Ononehandyoucanhaveagoodrestandputy
ourheartsintostudy.Ontheotherhand,youwillhaveagoodmoodandenjoybeingtogether.Thereareseveralwayscreateandmaintainaharm
oniousdormitorylife.Firstly,youhavetoevaluateyourlifestyleandtrytogetridofyourbadhabits,ifthereareany.Secon
dly,whenanannoyedsituationarises,you'lljusthavetolearntotolerateeachotherorcoexist.Thirdly,you'llhavetosharewitheachotherandmakethegoodfriends.
Onconclusion,youshouldtryyourbesttobuildaharmoniousdormitorylifeforourcollegelife.【答案】Dormitorylifeispartofcollegelife.Butsometimesometimestheharm
onyinthedormitoryisdisturbedinonewayoranother.WhatAsisknowntoall,aharmoniousdormitorylifeisimportanttocollegestudentsandbenefitbe
nefitsallthemembers.Ononehandyoucanhaveagoodrestandputyourheartsheartintostudy.Ontheotherhand,youwillhaveagoodmoodandenjoybeingtogether.Therearesever
always∧tocreateandmaintainaharmoniousdormitorylife.Firstly,youhavetoevaluateyourlifestyleandtrytogetridofyourbadhabits,ifthereareany.Secondly,wh
enanannoyedannoyingsituationarises,you'lljusthavetolearntotolerateeachotherorandcoexist.Thirdly,you'llhavetosharewitheachotherandmaketheg
oodfriends.OnInconclusion,youshouldtryyourbesttobuildaharmoniousdormitorylifeforouryourcollegelife.