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文体分类练(四)——说明文和议论文Passage1(2021陕西咸阳一模)Pawswalkacrossmykeyboard,andmycatMontynestshimselfonmylap,unawareoftheworldbeyondourg

ardenfence.Intheseuncertaintimes,the1ofanimalsisneededmorethanever.Tothe2ofourcats,dogsandallpets,stayingathomeisa(n)3togivethemouru

ndividedattention.4,theyprovideuswithamuch-neededsourceofjoy.Petownershipiswellknowntohelpsettleanxiety,5lonelinessandliftmoods.Evenas

wespendalargeramountoftimeinisolation,petsarestillactingas6tobuildingasenseofcommunityaspeoplesharepicturesoftheir7companionsonlineinaneffort

toraise8.Asalong-termcatlady,Ihavenever9thatapetisacherishedmemberofthehousehold.Ourpetscanbeas10asourhumanfamil

ymembersinteachingusaboutourselvesandhowto11theworld.Inshort,ouranimals’loveand12areunique.Sothedeathofapetcanfe

elassadas13ofaclosefriendorfamilymember.Thegrief(悲伤)ofthe14ofapetcomesanemptinesswheretheir15devotionbecome

ssuddenlyunoccupied.Andittakestimeto16fromthissituation.Evenmany17requestingsometimeoffwork.JamesHerriotwrote,“Ifhavingasoulme

ansbeingabletofeellove,loyalty(忠诚)andgratitude,animalsare18thanalotofhumans.”Petsareadditionalmembersofthefamily,andnowmorethan

ever,theycan19modelsforthekindofbasic20thatweoughttobeextendingtoanunstableworld.1.A.companyB.absenceC.appear

anceD.death2.A.surpriseB.delightC.fearD.disappointment3.A.growthB.challengeC.orderD.opportunity4.A.ReturntoB.InturnC.InreturnD.T

urnto5.A.enjoyB.refuseC.raiseD.reduce6.A.railwaysB.gatewaysC.drivewaysD.subways7.A.belovedB.lockedC.abandonedD.wounded8.A.awarenessB.rankC.spir

itsD.payment9.A.provedB.compromisedC.admittedD.questioned10.A.valuableB.availableC.sensibleD.acceptable11.A.

restoreB.constructC.approachD.rescue12.A.braveryB.beliefC.loyaltyD.glory13.A.itB.thisC.oneD.that14.A.soul

B.birthC.valueD.loss15.A.selfishB.unconditionalC.countlessD.limited16.A.learnB.benefitC.settleD.recover17.A.

avoidB.admitC.resistD.enjoy18.A.lessB.moreC.worseoffD.betteroff19.A.sharewithB.standforC.serveasD.showout20

.A.humanityB.foundationC.organizationD.communityPassage2(2021四川成都蓉城名校联盟三模)DivingintheOceans,marinebiologistErikaWoolseyhas

seenfirst-handhowcoralreefsandsealifearebeingdamagedbyclimatechange.Ithasmadeherdeterminedto1awayforotherstoshareherexperience—includingthosewh

ocan’t2exploretheocean.Throughhernon-profit,TicHydrous,Woolseyis3virtual(虚拟的)realityto“bringthe4toeveryone”.TheSanFrancisco-basedcollectiveof

scientists,filmmakersanddiversistakingpeopleonimmersive(沉浸式的)virtualdivestocreatea(n)5of“universaloceansympathy”,raisingawarenessofr

eefdamageandinspiringactionto6ourseas.Asahabitat,coralreefscanbecomparabletothebiodiversityofrainforests,withanestimated25%ofmarinespeciesdependingo

nthem.7,climatechange,pollutionandoverfishinghave8aroundhalftheworld’scoralreefsinshallowwaters.Twodecadesofunderwater9havegivenWoolseyanin

timateunderstandingofthe10facingreefs.“I’veseenfirst-handthis...changefroma11colorfulvibrantcoralreeftowhat12amoonscape

,”Woolseysays.ItisthisexperiencethattheHydrousteam13torecreatewiththeiraward-winningfilmImmerse.WearingaVRheadset,viewers14Wo

olseyforanine-minuteguidedvirtualdiveonthecoralreefsoffthewesternPacificIsland.Woolsey15advancesincameratechnologywill

allowher16to“takemoreandmorepeopletoplacesintheoceanthatareunderexplored”.TheVRtechnology17notonlythe

stateourOceansareinbuthowtheyhaveachanceto18.ItisthisthatWoolseysayspeopletakeawaywiththemafterthe19.“Whenwego

up,wegoupwithamessageofhopethatwebringbackto20,”shesays.1.A.changeB.findC.learnD.discuss2.A.successfullyB.voluntarilyC.easilyD.regularly3.A.usingB.e

xpectingC.banningD.designing4.A.oceanB.waterC.earthD.camera5.A.pictureB.systemC.atmosphereD.sense6.A.watchB.p

rotectC.crossD.sail7.A.BesidesB.InsteadC.ThusD.However8.A.savedB.affectedC.destroyedD.preserved9.A.explorationB.communicationC.distur

banceD.training10.A.competitionsB.threatsC.advantagesD.difficulties11.A.brokenB.sickC.artificialD.healthy12.A.turnsintoB.standsforC.lookslik

eD.bringsout13.A.beginB.happenC.refuseD.pretend14.A.prepareB.joinC.watchD.help15.A.repliesB.hopesC.agrees

D.argues16.A.classB.familyC.audienceD.team17.A.controlsB.adjustsC.showsD.ruins18.A.recoverB.worsenC.disappearD.rise19.A.chanceB.behaviorC.ex

perienceD.lesson20.A.airB.waterC.foodD.landPassage3Igrewupinamilitaryfamily.Whenmyparentsretiredfromthearmyaftereighteenye

arsof1,Ihadtostudywiththosetwelve-year-oldswhosharedno2lifeexperiencewithme.Mostofmynewclassmateshadgrownuptogetherandtheyhadnoroomto3fo

ranewcomer.Iworedifferentclothesandspokewithadifferentaccent.Ihadlittle4ofmakingfriends.I5forthefirstfew

weeksinmynewschool.Todealwithitall,Ibegan6inmydiaryeveryday.Iwroteasifmylifehaddependedonit.Icouldnotstandtheloneli

ness7Iwroteitdowninmydiary.Oneday,myteacher,Mrs.Bush,askedwhyIalwayssattherewriting.IliedthatI8writingtoplaying.On

eweeklater,Mrs.Bushgaveusawritingassignment(任务).Iwas9thatIcouldnowparticipateinsomethingIknewIwasgoodat.SoIworkedontheessay10andhande

ditin.Ithoughtitwasthebestchanceformetobe11bytheclass.Thenextday,Mrs.Bushcalledmetothe12oftheclassroom.IstoodbeforemyclassmatesandIgot13.Was

Iintrouble?DidIdosomethingwrong?ThenMrs.Bushtoldtheclasshowmuchshe14alltheworkthatwentintotheessaysandthateveryonehaddoneagreatjob.And,she

said,onestudent15asanexcellentwriter.Thatstudentwasme!TheclassclappedtheirhandswildlyandMrs.Bushhandedmemypaper,withth

efollowing16onit,“Youareaveryexcellentwriter.You17youressaywithyourtruefeelingandcreativity.Pleasekeeponwritingandshareyour18ofwritin

gwiththeclass.”Mrs.Bushhelpedmefeelasenseof19andgavemeawaytogothroughthehardtransition(过渡)inmylife.Shehelpedmegain20inmyselfthatstayedwithmebeyo

ndmyschoollife.1.A.peaceB.trainingC.warD.service2.A.hardB.similarC.healthyD.wonderful3.A.buildB.preserveC.

takeD.spare4.A.useB.controlC.hopeD.need5.A.struggledB.playedC.survivedD.exercised6.A.debatingB.drawingC.wri

tingD.swearing7.A.unlessB.onceC.whileD.after8.A.comparedB.appliedC.turnedD.preferred9.A.astonishedB.satisfiedC.excitedD.embarrassed10.A.anx

iouslyB.curiouslyC.half-heartedlyD.enthusiastically11.A.impressedB.acceptedC.challengedD.envied12.A.frontB.cornerC.doorD.outside13.A.annoyedB.di

sappointedC.worriedD.surprised14.A.appreciatedB.expectedC.ignoredD.enjoyed15.A.stoodoutB.wokeupC.passedb

yD.setoff16.A.descriptionsB.remarksC.suggestionsD.accounts17.A.fillB.occupyC.connectD.present18.A.advantageB.purposeC.giftD.trouble

19.A.responsibilityB.belongingC.devotionD.relief20.A.interestB.imaginationC.respectD.confidence文体分类练(四)——说明文和议论文Passag

e1【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为宠物对人类来说是非常重要的伴侣。1.A解析根据上文“Pawswalkacrossmykeyboard,andmycatMontynestshimselfonmylap,unawareoftheworldbeyondour

gardenfence.”可知,此处是指动物的陪伴。2.B解析根据下文“givethemourundividedattention”可知,这是让我们的猫、狗和所有宠物高兴的事情。3.D解析根据上文“stayinga

thome”可知,以前我们都会出门,但是现在会一直待在家里,所以这是一次给予它们密切关注的机会。4.C解析根据下文“theyprovideuswithamuch-neededsourceofjoy”可知,此处是指动物对我们给予它们密切关注的回报。5.D解析根据上文

“settleanxiety”可知,此处是指减少孤独感。6.B解析根据下文“buildingasenseofcommunity”可知,宠物仍是建立社区意识的门户。7.A解析根据上文“Petownersh

ipiswellknowntohelpsettleanxiety,5lonelinessandliftmoods.”可知,宠物是人们心爱的同伴。8.C解析根据上文“petsarestillactingas6tobuildingasenseofcom

munity”可知,此处是指人们通过在网上分享自己心爱的同伴的照片振奋精神。9.D解析根据上文“Asalong-termcatlady”可知,作为一个长期养猫的人,“我”从未质疑这一点。10.A解析根据上文“apetisacherishedm

emberofthehousehold”可知,我们的宠物可以像我们的人类家庭成员一样珍贵。11.C解析根据上文“teachingusaboutourselves”可知,此处是指宠物教会我们如何认识自己和接近世界。12.C解析根据上文“ouranimals’love”可知,前后两个词的

感情色彩相近。13.D解析此处代指上文提到的thedeath,代指上文中提到的“the+n.”应用that。14.D解析根据上文“thedeathofapet”可知,此处是指失去宠物的悲伤。15.B解析根据上文“ouranimals’loveand12areunique”可知

,此处是指宠物无条件的奉献。16.D解析根据上文可知,此处是指从失去宠物的悲伤中恢复过来需要时间。17.B解析根据上文“ittakestimeto16fromthissituation”可知,很多人都承认需要请假来度过这段悲伤的时间。18.D解析根据下文“theycan19modelsf

orthekindofbasic20”可知,此处是指在爱、忠诚和感激之情方面,动物比许多人类好得多。19.C解析此处是指它们比以往任何时候都更能作为基本人性的典范。20.A解析参考上题解析。Passage2【语篇

导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文阐述了海洋生物学家Woolsey亲眼看见了珊瑚礁和海洋生物是如何被气候变化破坏的,她和其团队利用虚拟现实技术,使更多的人在虚拟环境中体验海底潜水,从而提高人们的环保意识,激励人们采取行动保护海洋。1.B解析根据下文“TheSanFrancisco-basedco

llectiveofscientists,filmmakersanddiversistakingpeopleonimmersivevirtualdives”可知,他们找到了一种身临其境的虚拟潜水的分享途径。2.C解析根据下文可知,Woolsey用虚拟现实技术来把海洋分享给每一个

人,可推断出,此处指那些受条件所限、不能很轻易探索海洋的人。3.A解析根据下文可知,他们正在使用虚拟现实技术带领人们身临其境地虚拟潜水。4.A解析此处指Woolsey用虚拟现实技术来把海洋呈现给每一个人。5.D解析利用虚拟现实技术带领人们潜

水的目的是提高人们对珊瑚礁被破坏的认识及保护我们的海洋的意识,因此,此处指创设一种“全球海洋同情心”的环保意识。6.B解析参考上题解析。7.D解析根据上文可知,珊瑚礁可以与雨林的生物多样性相媲美,据估计有25%的海洋

物种依赖珊瑚礁作为栖息地,然而气候变化、污染和过度捕捞已经摧毁了世界上约一半的浅水水域的珊瑚礁。上下文是转折关系。8.C解析根据文章首句可知,Woolsey亲眼看见了珊瑚礁和海洋生物是如何被气候变化破坏的,因此,此处是气候变化等破坏了珊瑚

礁。9.A解析根据第一段第一句可知,海洋生物学家Woolsey在海洋中潜水,亲眼看见了珊瑚礁和海洋生物是如何被气候变化破坏的,因此,此处指Woolsey20多年来的水下探索使她对珊瑚礁面临的威胁有了深刻的了解。10.B解析参考上题解析。11

.D解析根据“...colorfulvibrantcoralreeftowhat12amoonscape”可知,珊瑚礁有一个变化过程,是从健康的、多姿多彩的、活跃的珊瑚礁变成了看起来像月球表面的样子。12.C解析

参考上题解析。13.A解析根据上文可知,亲眼看见珊瑚礁被破坏的经历对她的触动很大,使他们团队开始(begin)用获奖影片Immerse来再现这种经历。14.B解析根据上文“WearingaVRheadset”可知,通过虚拟头盔,观众就能够和Wools

ey一起虚拟潜水。15.B解析Woolsey希望相机技术的进步能让她的团队带领更多的人体验虚拟潜水。16.D解析参考上题解析。17.C解析根据下文“ItisthisthatWoolseysayspeopletakeawaywiththemafter

the19.”可知,人们在体验了虚拟潜水之后,带走呈现给他们的海洋状态如何恢复的这种印象,因此,此处指虚拟现实技术呈现海洋所处的状态,让体验的人可以看到。18.A解析根据下文“Whenwegoup,wegoupwithamessageofhopethatwebringbac

kto20”可知,体验虚拟潜水的人带着希望上岸,因此,此处指海洋有恢复生机的机会。19.C解析根据上文可知,此处指人们是依靠VR技术,与Woolsey一起观测海洋的经历,因此,此处指这次经历后。20.D解析结合上文及该句中“Whenwegoup”可知,此处指体验VR

潜水的人从海洋里上升到陆地。Passage3【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一名转校生,由于自己的成长经历与众不同,很难融入新的班级。于是,他把自己的孤独写进了日记里,以此来排解苦闷之情。老师询问作者为什么总是坐在那里写作,作者谎称比起玩自己更热爱写作。第二天,老师布置了写作任务,作者完

成得很好,受到了老师的赞扬和鼓励,这让作者找到了归属感,重新树立了信心。1.D解析根据上文中的“retiredfromthearmy”可知,作者父母在部队服役18年后退伍了。service“兵役”。2.B解析根据上文中的“Igrewupinamilitary

family”可知,“我”在军人家庭长大,别的孩子没有与“我”相似的经历。3.D解析根据“Mostofmynewclassmateshadgrownuptogether”可知,“我”绝大多数的新同学都是一起长大的,再根据常识可推知,他们已经彼此熟悉,没有空间留给新来的同学了。spare“抽出,留

出”。4.C解析根据上文中的“Iworedifferentclothesandspokewithadifferentaccent”并结合常识可知,在这种情况下,“我”很难交到朋友。5.A解析根据上文语境可知,“我”很难交到朋友、融入新集体,因

此,前几周肯定过得很艰难。6.C解析根据下文中的“wrote”可知,作者把经历写进了日记里。7.A解析结合语境可知,作者如果不把经历写进日记里,是很难忍受孤独的。unless“若非,如果不”。8.D解析根据语境可知,“我”写作是为了排解孤独,但是面对老师的提问,“我”谎

称和玩相比,自己更热爱写作。9.C解析根据下文中的“IcouldnowparticipateinsomethingIknewIwasgoodat”并结合常识可知,面对自己擅长的任务,作者感到兴奋。10.D解析根据上文

可知,作者对于老师布置的写作任务非常激动,因此创作起来充满了热情。11.B解析根据上文内容可知,“我”很难融入新的班级,所以“我”把这次写作任务当作使自己被大家接受的良机。12.A解析根据下文中的“I

stoodbeforemyclassmates”可知,老师让“我”站到教室前面。13.C解析根据下文中的“WasIintrouble?DidIdosomethingwrong?”可知,“我”此时有些担心。14.A解析根据下文中的“everyonehaddoneagreatjob”可

知,每个人的作文都完成得很好,老师对此很欣赏。appreciate“欣赏”。15.A解析结合语境可知,全班表现得都很好,而“我”的表现尤为突出。16.B解析根据“Youarea...withtheclass”可知,这些话是老师给“我

”写的评语。17.A解析结合语境和常识可知,“我”的文章充满了真情实感和创意。fill“(使)充满”。18.C解析根据语境可知,老师鼓励“我”继续坚持自己的写作,并和大家一起分享我的写作天赋。19.B解析结合语境可知,老师的评语和表扬让“我”找到了归属感。