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专题01阅读理解（第02期）-2023届浙江高考英语模拟试题分项汇编阅读理解【2023届浙江省金华十校高三上学期11月模拟】London,withcountlessfamoussitesandallmanneroffood,drink,shopping,history,andcult

ure,isdefinitelyawonderfulcitytovisit.TimeZoneGreenwichMeanTimeduringthewinter,BritishSummerTimeduringtherestofthe

year(startingatDaylightSavingTime).BestTimetoGoThebesttimetovisitLondonoverallisinspring,whenthetemperatureshavewar

medup,thesunhasstartedtoshineandLondon’sgardensandparksarelookingtheirbest.However,therealityisthatthebesttimetotraveltoLondo

ndependsalotonwhatyou’relookingfor.Ifyou’reallabouttakingalookinsideQueenLiz’spalace,you’dbettermakeitinsummer,whilewinterisbeautiful

andfestiveforthoselookingtogettheirfillofChristmasmarketsandtraditionalcheer.ThingstoKnowLondoners,an

dEnglishpeopleingeneral,haveamuchdifferentmannerofinteractingwithoneanotherthanAmericansdowhileanAmericanmightthinknothing

ofsmilingatastrangertheypassonthesidewalkoraskingaboutworkinthefirstfewminutesofaconversation,Londonersmight

consideritimpoliteorstrange.Don’tmistakethisforunfriendliness;it’sjustaculturaldifference.Instead,talkaboutthingslike

movies,TVshows,books,yourtravels,andthelike,insteadofworkorfamily.HowtoGetAroundGettingaroundLondonisunbelievablyeasythankstothewell-maint

ainedandextensiveUnderground.TheUnderground,unlikeAmericantransportationsystemswhichoftenpayperrideorpayperlengthoftrip,arepaidinzones.Fa

realsovariesbasedontimeofdayandthemethodyouusetopay.It’sworthgettinganOystercardtomakeyourlifethatmuchsimpler.1．Whereisthistextmostprobably

takenfrom?A．Asurvey.B．Atraveljournal.C．Aresearchpaper.D．Aguidebook.2．WhenisthebesttimetovisitLondonforpeoplewhoenjoyalivelyatmosphe

re?A．Spring.B．Summer.C．Autumn.D．Winter.3．WhichofthefollowingisasuitabletopicforstartingaconversationwithLondoners?A．Daily

entertainments.B．Futureplans.C．Personalrelationships.D．Annualincomes.【答案】1．D2．D3．A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要说明了游览伦敦的

一些建议。1．推理判断题。根据第一段“London,withcountlessfamoussitesandallmanneroffood,drink,shopping,history,andculture

,isdefinitelyawonderfulcitytovisit.(伦敦有无数的著名景点和各种各样的食物、饮料、购物、历史和文化，绝对是一个值得游览的好城市)”结合文章主要说明了游览伦敦的一些建议可推知，文章可能

选自旅行指南。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ifyou’reallabouttakingalookinsideQueenLiz’spalace,you’dbettermakeitinsummer,whilewinterisbeautifulandfestivefortho

selookingtogettheirfillofChristmasmarketsandtraditionalcheer.(如果你想参观莉兹女王的宫殿，你最好在夏天去，而对于那些想在圣诞市场和传统欢乐中饱览一番

的人来说，冬天是美丽而喜庆的)”可知，对于喜欢热闹气氛的人来说，游览伦敦的最佳时间是冬天。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Instead,talkaboutthingslikemovies,TVshows,books,you

rtravels,andthelike,insteadofworkorfamily.(你可以谈论电影、电视剧、书籍、旅行之类的话题，而不是工作或家庭)”可知，日常娱乐主题适合和伦敦人开始对话。故选A。WhenIwasinnursingschool,Ihadto

focusmoreonmystudiesthanotheraspectsoflife,andlearnsomuchinashortamountoftime.However,theclinicalexper

ienceofnursingschoolallowedmetohavetheopportunitytoputwhatIlearnedinmyclassesandreadingsintoaction.Oneofmyfavoriteexper

iencesduringmyclinicaltrainingwaswhenIhadapatientwhowasfirststartingchemotherapy(化疗).MynursinginstructorMarietoldme

thatpatientsoftenexperienceananaphylactic(过敏性的)reactiontothemedicinewhentheyfirststartchemotherapy,soitisimportanttogivethemedic

ineataslowerrate.Mariesaidthatifwehadapatientwhoreactedtothemedicine,weshouldstoprunningthechemotherapy

,checkthepatient’sbloodpressure,andthengivetheappropriatemedicinefromtheemergencykit.WhenIcheckedmypatientacoupl

eofminutesafterstartinghischemotherapy,Iaskedhimquestionsrelatedtoananaphylacticreaction.Ialsonoticedhisfacewasgettingalittleredandhelookeds

hortofbreath.Hementionedhavinglowerbackpain,soIimmediatelystoppedthechemotherapy,startedtakinghisbloodpressure,andreportedittoMarie.Hisblood

pressurewaswithinhisnormallimits,sowegavehimBenadrylviahisIV.TheBenadrylhelpedthepatient,andwehadtheBenadrylrunningwhenwestarted

hischemotherapyagain,butataslowerrate.Thistimethepatientdidnothaveananaphylacticreaction,andtoleratedhisch

emotherapywell.Thisexperiencetaughtmehowimportantitistoassessyourpatientandtoteachyourpatientbeforehandaboutthereactionthepatientcouldhaveduetothe

medicine.MarieandItaughtourpatientaboutthereactionshecouldhaveduetothechemotherapy;duetoourteaching,ourpatientrecognizedhiss

ymptomsandwasabletoknowthatwhathewasexperiencingwasanexpectedreaction.Duringtheclinicaltraining,Ihadmanyexperiencesw

hereIhadtothinkonmyfeetandconductnursingcarequickly.Theseexperiencestaughtmealotabouthowtobeanurseandemphasi

zedtheimportanceofconductingproperpatientcare.4．Whydidtheauthorstopgivingthepatientchemotherapy?A．Hehadhighbloodpressure.B．Hehadareactiontothe

medicine.C．Hefailedtotoleratethebackpain.D．Herefusedtoanswerherquestions.5．Accordingtotheauthor,whatplayed

akeyroleinsavingthepatient?A．Givingthepatientimmediatefirstaid.B．Makingadequatepreparationsinadvance.C．Assessingtheeffectivenessofthemedi

cine.D．Tellingthepatientthepossiblereactionsofthemedicine.6．Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheauthor’sclinicalexperience?A．Rewarding.B

．Dangerous.C．Interesting.D．Painful.7．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toexpressgratitudetoherinstructor.B．Toencourageotherstotakeupnursing.

C．Toshareherclinicaltrainingexperience.D．Tostresstheimportanceofmedicaltreatment.【答案】4．B5．D6．A7．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要分享了她的临床培训经验以及收获。4．细节理解题。根据

文章第二段“Mariesaidthatifwehadapatientwhoreactedtothemedicine,weshouldstoprunningthechemotherapy,checkthepa

tient’sbloodpressure,andthengivetheappropriatemedicinefromtheemergencykit.(玛丽说，如果有病人对药物有反应，我们应该停止化疗，检查病人的血压，然后从急救箱里拿出适当的药物)”可知，因为病人有病人对药物有反应，所

以作者停止化疗。故选B。5．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Thisexperiencetaughtmehowimportantitistoassessyourpatientandtoteachyourpatientbefore

handaboutthereactionthepatientcouldhaveduetothemedicine.(这段经历让我明白，评估你的病人，事先告诉你的病人药物可能引起的反应是多么重要)”可知，告诉病人药物可能产生的反应对救病人起了关键作

用。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Theseexperiencestaughtmealotabouthowtobeanurseandemphasizedtheimportanceofconduct

ingproperpatientcare.(这些经历教会了我如何成为一名护士，并强调了正确护理病人的重要性)”可知，作者的临床经验是值得的，有意义的。故选A。7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thisexperiencetaughtmehowimportantitistoassess

yourpatientandtoteachyourpatientbeforehandaboutthereactionthepatientcouldhaveduetothemedicine.((这些经历教会了我如何成为一名护士，并强调了正确护理病人的重要性)”

以及“Theseexperiencestaughtmealotabouthowtobeanurseandemphasizedtheimportanceofconductingproperpatientcare.(这些经历教会了我如何成为一名护士，

并强调了正确护理病人的重要性)”可知，作者写本篇文章的目的是分享她的临床培训经验。故选C。Whilethoseineducationunderstandthecurrentstateofthenation’sliteracy(读写能

力)crisis,mosteverydayAmericansaredangerouslyunaware.AccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofEducation,nearly130millionAmericanadultsreadbelowasixth-grad

elevel.Now,considerhowthatnumberrepresentsmorethanhalftheadultU.S.population.That’snotsurprising,accordingtothem

ostrecent“Nation’sReportCard”bytheNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgress(NAEP).TheNAEPreportsthatroughlyjustone-thirdofstudentsinfourth,eighthand1

2thgradesareproficient(精通)inreadingandhave“solidacademicperformanceanddemonstratedcompetencyoverchallengingsubjectmatter.”Infact,thisU.S.readingc

risishasbeen20yearsinthemaking.Whileone-thirdofstudentsareconsideredproficient,thestatisticsareevenmoreala

rmingforlow-incomestudents,studentsofcolorandstudentswithdisabilities.Meanwhile,theCOVID-19pandemic(流行病)hasexposedagrowing“digitaldivide”inwhichth

osewithoutaccesstosupportivelearningprogramsandteacherswillcontinuetoslidethroughthecracks.Thisistroublingformanyreasons.Literacycanbea

greatequalizer,levelingtheplayingfieldacrosssystemicsocialissues,likeraceandgenderinequality.Itplaysanenormousroleinincreasingacc

esstoeconomicopportunity.ItisestimatedthatincreasingliteracyproficiencyhasthepotentialtogeneratealotmoreinannualincomefortheUnitedStates.Ando

ntheindividuallevel,illiteracycanimpactaperson’slifetimeearningpotentialby30-42%.Still,thebenefitsofliteracygofarbeyon

dsomeone’searningability.Literacysupportssocial,physicalandemotionalwell-being,anditaffectseverythingfromcrimeratestohospitalad

missionstoself-confidence.Butchallengingastheliteracylandscapemayseemrightnow,thereiscauseforoptimism.Andthestrate

gyforliteracyissimple.8．WhatdoweknowaboutAmerica’sliteracycrisis?A．Itdatesbackabouttwodecades.B．Itiswell

understoodbymostAmericans.C．ItinvolveshalfoftheAmericanpopulation.D．Itismainlycausedbythegrowingdigitaldivide.9．Whydoestheauthormentionthreespecificg

roupsofstudentsinparagraph4?A．Toattractpublicattentiontothesestudents.B．ToshowtheseriousnessofliteracycrisisinAmeri

ca.C．TostresstheinequalityintheAmericaneducationsystem.D．TopraisethehighreadingproficiencylevelofAmericanstudents.10．Whatisapossibleresultof

improvedliteracyontheindividuallevel?A．Highercrimerates.B．Increasedself-confidence.C．Strongerdesireforw

ealth.D．Equallearningopportunities.11．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoliteracyinAmerica?A．Tolerant.B．Ambiguous.C．Doubtful.D．Hopeful.【答案】8．A9．B10．C11．

D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了近1.3亿美国成年人的阅读水平低于六年级，文盲危机涉及一半的美国人口，美国的扫盲状况目前看起来很有挑战性，我们还是有理由感到乐观的，因为提高读写能力的方法很简单。8．细

节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whilethoseineducationunderstandthecurrentstateofthenation’sliteracy(读写能力)crisis,mosteverydayAmericansaredangerously

unaware.(虽然从事教育的人了解美国识字率危机的现状，但大多数普通美国人却危险地不知道)”以及文章第四段“Infact,thisU.S.readingcrisishasbeen20yearsinthemaking.(事实上，这

场美国阅读危机已经酝酿了20年)”可知，美国人的阅读危机可以追溯到大约20年前。故选A。9．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Infact,thisU.S.readingcrisishasbeen20yearsinthemaking.Whileone-

thirdofstudentsareconsideredproficient,thestatisticsareevenmorealarmingforlow-incomestudents,studentsofcolorandstudentswithdisab

ilities.(事实上，这场美国阅读危机已经酝酿了20年。虽然三分之一的学生被认为是优秀的，但对于低收入家庭的学生、有色人种的学生和残疾学生来说，统计数据更令人担忧)”可知，对于低收入家庭的学生、有色人种的学生和残疾学生

来说，阅读这方面的问题是更加的严重的。故选B。10．推理判断题。根据文章第七段“Itisestimatedthatincreasingliteracyproficiencyhasthepotentialtogeneratealotmoreinannualincomefor

theUnitedStates.Andontheindividuallevel,illiteracycanimpactaperson’slifetimeearningpotentialby30-42%(据估计，提高读写能力有可能为美国带来更多的年收入。在个人层面上，文盲会对一个人一生的

收入潜力造成30-42%的影响)”可知，提高读写能力有助于人们追求更多的财富。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Butchallengingastheliteracylandscapemayseemrightnow,thereiscauseforoptimism.Andth

estrategyforliteracyissimple.(不过，尽管扫盲状况目前看起来很有挑战性，我们还是有理由感到乐观的。提高读写能力的方法很简单)”可知，作者认为扫盲状况看起来有挑战性，但是由于提高读写能力的方法很简单，作者是很乐观的。故选D。Youmayhavenoticedsud

den,brieftwitching(抽动)atsomepointwhileyourdogwassleepingandwonderediftheyweredreamingorevenexpressingsometypeofdiscomfort.Theseinvoluntarymovementson

lyoccurduringdreamstatesandusuallydon’tlastlong.Soistwitchingjustanormalpartofdreaming,oraretheretimeswhenyoushouldworry?Dogssleepanaver

ageof12-14hourseachday.Whiletheysleep,adog’sbrainprocessesinformationandexperiencesfromthedaythroughdreams.Twitchi

ngisoftenrelatedtoactivedreamcyclesinthebrain.AccordingtoresearchbypsychologistStanleyCoren,anaverage-sizedogwilld

reamaboutevery20minutes,andthesedreamswilllastaboutaminute.Largerbreedshavefewerdreamsthatlastlonger-aboutevery

45minutesfor4minutes.Theoppositeistrueforsmallerbreeddogs;theywilldreamaboutevery10minutesforupto30seconds.Dogsexperiencethesamedr

eamstagesashumans,includingnon-rapideyemovement(NREM),short-wavesleep(SWS),andrapideyemovement(REM).DuringtheREMs

tate,adog’seyesmovearoundbehindtheirclosedeyelids,andthelargebodymusclesareturnedoffsothedreamisnotphysicallyactedout.Theamountoftwitching

dependsonhowmuchtheseoffswitchescrampmusclemovement.Ifyourdogsleepsnexttoyou,theymayunintentionallydisturbyour

sleepwiththeirsuddenbodymovements.However,itisoftenadvisednottoawakenadogthatistwitchingintheirsleepunl

esstheyareclearlyindistress.Abaddreamornightterrorcouldbethecauseoftheseinvoluntarymovements,andtheymaywa

keupfrightened.Trytoavoidtouchingthemsotheydon’tbiteyouasaresultofbeingshockedandpanicked.Instead,gentlycallyourdog’sname

untiltheyrespond.Speakcalmlyandtellthemthattheyaresafeandsecureaftertheywakeup.Whiletheyappeartobeprettyactiveinth

eirsleep,dreamingdogsmaybeslowtoawaken.12．Whichofthefollowinginfluenceshowoftendogsdream?A．Theirsleepingtime.B．Thei

rbodysize.C．Theirdailyexperiences.D．Theirhealthconditions13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cramp”meaninparagraph4?A

．Stimulate.B．Analyze.C．Restrict.D．Monitor.14．Whyisitadvisednottowakeupadogtwitchinginsleep?A．Toavoidbeingbittenbythedog.B．Toensuret

hedogadequatesleep.C．Topreventthedoggettingshocked.D．Toescapedisturbancefromthedog.15．Whichofthefollowingisasuit

abletitleforthetext?A．HowdoesDogs’BrainWork?B．WhydoDogsDreamatNight?C．WhydoDogsTwitchinTheirSleep?D．HowdoesDogs’Twit

chAffectTheirSleep?【答案】12．B13．C14．A15．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么狗在睡觉时会抽搐的现象，以及如何处理这种情况避免被狗咬伤或惊吓到狗。12．细节理解题。根据第四段“Accordingtor

esearchbypsychologistStanleyCoren,anaverage-sizedogwilldreamaboutevery20minutes,andthesedreamswilllastaboutaminute

.Largerbreedshavefewerdreamsthatlastlonger-aboutevery45minutesfor4minutes.Theoppositeistrueforsmalle

rbreeddogs;theywilldreamaboutevery10minutesforupto30seconds.(根据心理学家斯坦利·科伦的研究，一只中等大小的狗每20分钟会做梦一次，这些梦会持续大约一分钟。体型较大的品种的梦更少，持续时间更长——大约每45分钟做一次，持续4分钟。小型犬的

情况正好相反;他们每10分钟做梦一次，持续30秒)”可知，狗的体型会影响狗的做梦频率。故选B。13．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“DuringtheREMstate,adog’seyesmovearoundbehindtheirclosedeyelids,andthelargebody

musclesareturnedoffsothedreamisnotphysicallyactedout.(在快速眼动状态下，狗的眼睛在紧闭的眼睑后移动，身体的大块肌肉被关闭，所以梦不会在身体上发生)”以及“T

heamountoftwitchingdependsonhowmuchtheseoffswitches”可知，抽搐的程度取决于这些开关对肌肉运动的限制程度。故画线词意思是“限制”。故选C。14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Trytoavoidtouchin

gthemsotheydon’tbiteyouasaresultofbeingshockedandpanicked.(尽量避免碰到它们，这样它们就不会因为受惊而咬你)”可知，建议不要吵醒睡梦中抽搐的狗是为了避免

被狗咬伤。故选A。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Youmayhavenoticedsudden,brieftwitching(抽动)atsomepointwhileyourdogwassleepingandwonderedifth

eyweredreamingorevenexpressingsometypeofdiscomfort.(你可能会注意到你的狗狗在睡觉时突然短暂的抽搐，想知道它们是在做梦，还是在表达某种不适)”结合文章主要解释了为什么狗在睡觉

时会抽搐的现象，以及如何处理这种情况避免被狗咬伤或惊吓到狗。可知，C选项“为什么狗在睡觉时会抽搐？”最符合文章标题。故选C。阅读理解【2023届浙江省宁波市高三上学期高考与选考模拟】Withaworldfulloffascinatingdestinations,choosingt

heperfectvacationspotcanpresentachallenge.Usetheserecommendationstomakeyourtravelbucketlist.ParisThemagneticCitydrawsvisitorsfromaroundtheglobet

oseeiconicattractionsliketheEiffelTowerandtheLouvre.Butwhattravelersreallylovearetheold-fashionedcafes,livelyma

rketsandtrendyshoppingdistricts.Getlostwanderingalongthecharmingstreets,orrelaxonthebanksoftheSeineforhours.Ifyou’reupforaq

uickdaytrip,headtothePalaceofVersailles,whichoffersguidedandself-guidedtoursoftheestate.SouthIslandNewZealand’sSouthIslandbr

imswithmagnificentlandscapeateveryturn.Here,youcanadmirethemountainsofFiordlandNationalPark.Atnight,jour

neytotheMountJohnObservatorytogazeatthestarryskies.YoucanalsosatisfyyourselfinQueenstown(afavoritedestinationam

ongbungeejumpers),sampledeliciouswineintheMarlboroughregionorexploreNewZealand’smostaccessibleglaciersontheis

land’swestcoast.BoraBoraHere,inthissmallFrenchPolynesianisland,you’llfindpicturesquebeaches,appealingjunglesandluxuriousresorts.Theisland’sextinct

volcano,MountOtemanu,makesachallenginghike,andthefriendlyBoraBoralocalscanhelpyoucatchaglimpseoftheisland’sbestsights.Altho

ughatriptoBoraBoraisveryexpensive,mosttravelerssayit’swortheverypenny.GrandCanyonTheGrandCanyonoffersplentyofoutdooractivitiesforeveryonefromday-tr

ipperstoadventurejunkies.Hikealongthenationalpark’spopularRimandBrightAngeltrailsforexceptionalviews,experiencearaftingtripdownt

heColoradoRiverorviewthedramaticArizonalandscapefromaboveduringahelicoptertour.Ifyou’refeelingespeciallydaring,signupforskydiving

abovethecanyon.1．Whichofthefollowingdestinationsisaparadiseforshoppinglovers?A．Paris.B．SouthIsland.C．BoraBo

ra.D．GrandCanyon.2．WhatdoSouthIslandandGrandCanyonhaveincommon?A．Theybothoffertravelersafantasticislandview.

B．Theybothallowtravelerstoexperienceadventures.C．Theybothallowtravelerstostaywithlocalfamilies.D．Theybothoffertravelerschancestoobservethesky

.3．Thistextismainlyintendedfor________.A．touristguidesB．magazineeditorsC．fashiondesignersD．vacationplanners【答案】1．A2．

B3．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个旅游胜地的情况。1．细节理解题。根据Paris下的描述“Butwhattravelersreallylovearetheold-fashionedcafes,livelymarketsandtrendyshoppingdi

stricts.(但旅行者真正喜欢的是老式的咖啡馆、热闹的市场和时髦的购物区)”可知，巴黎是购物爱好者的天堂。故选A。2．推理判断题。根据SouthIsland下的介绍“Youcanalsosatisfyyours

elfinQueenstown(afavoritedestinationamongbungeejumpers),sampledeliciouswineintheMarlboroughregionorexploreNewZea

land’smostaccessibleglaciersontheisland’swestcoast.(你也可以在皇后镇(蹦极爱好者最喜欢的目的地)满足自己，在马尔伯勒地区品尝美味的葡萄酒，或探索新西兰西海岸最容易到达的冰川)”以及GrandCanyon下的介绍“TheGra

ndCanyonoffersplentyofoutdooractivitiesforeveryonefromday-tripperstoadventurejunkies.(大峡谷为从一日游到冒险爱好者的所有人提供了大量的户外活动)”可知，两者的共同之处是它们都能让旅

行者体验冒险。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Withaworldfulloffascinatingdestinations,choosingtheperfectvacationspotcanpresentachallenge.Usetheser

ecommendationstomakeyourtravelbucketlist.(世界上充满了迷人的目的地，选择一个完美的度假地点是一个挑战。使用这些建议来制作你的旅行愿望清单)”可知，本文主要是为假期计划者准备的。故选D。Sixmonthsago,28-year

-oldDannyWallace,whoearnshislivingasaTVcomicand“ideas”man,hadagreatidea.Whatifhestartedhisowncountryandinvitedanyo

newhowantedtojoinhimtobecomeacitizen?So,naminghimselfKingDannyIanddeclaringhisone-bedroomflatinEastLondonanin

dependentstate,hesetabouttakingthenecessarystepstomakehisdreamcometrue.HeevendocumentedhisprogressinhisBBC2series

HowToStartYourOwnCountry,whichcomestotheendofitssix-weekrunonWednesday.Overthesixweeks,Dannyexploredthepossibilitiesofforminghisowncoun

try.ThefirstthingonhisagendawastohandinhisDeclarationofIndependencetotheprimeminister.Withthisoutoftheway,hewasfreeto

startthinkingaboutwritingaconstitutionandsettingupagovernment.Thenhewasofftodesignhisownflagandrecordhisownnationalanthemandevengotsomeonetodesignpos

siblepostagestampsofhiscountry,withhisfaceonthem!ThefinalthingDannyhadtodowastofindanameforhiscountry.Athisrequest,citizenssentinthousandsofsugges

tionsastowhatthisnewcountrycouldbecalled.IdeasrangedfromFlatlandtoWallaceland!But,intheend,thefinalselectioncamedowntojusttwo:HomeorLovely.Ai

mingtobecomethemostdemocraticdemocracyintheworldwhereitscitizenshavetheopportunitytoenjoyequality,KingDannya

chievedaworldfirstandletthepeopledecide.Lovelyfinallystoodout.Whetherthecountrywillcontinuetogrowwillverymuchdependonhowbusyitscreat

oris.And,asDannyWallaceismuchindemandforseveralotherTVprojects,itmightfalltoothermembersofhisgovernmenttokeepthingsrunning.Butwithelecti

onspromisedeverysixmonths,thecreationoftheUniversityofLovelyandseveralsportingeventsplannedoverthecomingwee

ks,thereareplentyofactivitiestokeepthecitizensofLovelyoccupiedforquiteawhileyet.4．WhatdoesDannyWallace’s“greatidea”in

Paragraph1referto?A．Makingadocumentary.B．Foundinganewcountry.C．Owninganindependentstate.D．ChoosingactorsforaTVshow

.5．What’scrucialtocarryingoutDanny’sgreatidea?A．Draftingaconstitution.B．Gettingofficialapproval.C．Analyzingthe

possibilities.D．Composinganationalanthem.6．WhatcanbeinferredfromthefinaldecisiononthenameLovely?A．Lo

velybeatHomeinthefinalselection.B．Theworldiscreatedbyordinarypeople.C．Thecitizens’rightsofacountryarerespected.D．Lovel

ysignalsthesuccessfulruleofKingDanny.7．What’smainlydiscussedinthelastparagraph?A．ThefutureofLovely.B．Thelifeofthecitizens.C．Thedailyrou

tineofDannyWallace.D．TheestablishmentoftheUniversityofLovely.【答案】4．B5．B6．C7．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了28岁的丹尼·华莱士6个月前有了建立自己国家的想法，在六周的时间里

，丹尼探索了建立自己国家的可能性。文章介绍了他建立国家的过程和国家的未来发展。4．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Whatifhestartedhisowncountryandinvitedanyonewhowantedtojoinhimtobecomeacitizen?(如果他建立了自

己的国家，邀请任何想加入他的人成为公民呢？)”可知，丹尼·华莱士在第一段中的“伟大的想法”指的是建立一个新国家。故greatidea指的是“建立一个新国家”。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ThefirstthingonhisagendawastohandinhisDe

clarationofIndependencetotheprimeminister.Withthisoutoftheway,hewasfreetostartthinkingaboutwritingacons

titutionandsettingupagovernment.(他议程上的第一件事是向首相递交《独立宣言》。这件事解决后，他可以自由地开始考虑制定宪法和组建政府)”可知，实现丹尼的伟大想法的关键是获得官方批准。故选B。6．推

理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But,intheend,thefinalselectioncamedowntojusttwo:HomeorLovely.Aimingtobecomethemostdemoc

raticdemocracyintheworldwhereitscitizenshavetheopportunitytoenjoyequality,KingDannyachievedaworldfirst

andletthepeopledecide.Lovelyfinallystoodout.(但最终，最终的选择只有两个：Home或Lovely。丹尼国王的目标是成为世界上最民主的民主国家，让公民享有平等的机会，实现了世界上第一个由人民决定的民主国家。Lov

ely终于脱颖而出了)”由此，我们可以从Lovely这个名字的最终决定中推断出一个国家的公民权利受到尊重。故选C。7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Whetherthecountrywillcontinuetogrowwillverymuch

dependonhowbusyitscreatoris.And,asDannyWallaceismuchindemandforseveralotherTVprojects,itmightfalltoothermember

sofhisgovernmenttokeepthingsrunning.Butwithelectionspromisedeverysixmonths,thecreationoftheUniversityofLovelyandseveralsportingeve

ntsplannedoverthecomingweeks,thereareplentyofactivitiestokeepthecitizensofLovelyoccupiedforquiteawhileyet.(这个国家能否继续发展，很大程度上取决于它的缔造者有多忙。此外，由于丹尼·华莱士

在其他几部电视节目中很受欢迎，维持运营的重任可能落到他的政府的其他成员身上。但是，每六个月举行一次选举，拉维大学的成立，以及未来几周计划举行的几项体育赛事，拉维的市民们在相当长一段时间内仍有大量的活动可做)”可知，最后一段主要

讨论了Lovely的未来。故选A。If,likeme,you’rethekindofpersonwhofindsithardtomakedecisions,thenMalcolmGladwell’sBlinkmightjustbethebookyouhavebeenwaitingfor.Becau

seBlinkisallaboutrapidcognition—thatis,thosemomentswhenwemakesnapjudgements,forexample,whenmeetingsomeoneforthefirsttimeorlookin

gatsomethingwe’rethinkingofbuying.Heanalysesexactlywhatgoesoninourheadswhenwemakesplit-seconddecisionsandcomparesthistothethoughtprocessesi

nvolvedwhenwetakelongertocometoadecision.Interestinglyheclaimsthat,“Therearelotsofsituations—particularlyattimesofhighpressureandstress—whenfortuna

telyhastedoesnotmakewaste.”WhatmakesBlinkareallyinterestingreadisthenumberofstoriesthatGladwellincludes

tosupporthistheories.OnesuchstoryinvolvesdoctorsintheEmergencyRoomatCookCountyHospitalinChicago.Aftertoldtochangethewayofdiagnoses,insteadofaski

ngforinformationsuchasthepatient’sageandweightandmedicalhistory,theyweregoingtofocusonlyonthepatient’sbloodpressure.AndnowCookCountyison

eofthebestplacesintheUSatdiagnosingchestpain.Ofcourse,thereareoccasionswhenweleaptothewrongconclusion.Inhisresearch,Gladwelldiscoveredthatalmostallt

heCEOsofthetopcompaniesintheUSaretall.Thereisnoactualrelationshipbetweenheightandintelligence,butforsomereason,corporati

onsoverwhelminglychoosetallpeopleforleadershiproles.Thereissomethinggoingoninthefirstfewsecondsofmeetingatallpersonwhichmakesusthinkof

thatpersonasaneffectiveleader,whichunfortunatelystopsusfrommakinganinformeddecision.Allinall,Blinkisafascinatingstudyonanactivi

tythatwealldoseveraltimesaday.Readitandmakebetterdecisions.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“snap”inthefirstparagra

phmean?A．Instant.B．Decisive.C．HesitantD．Important.9．HowweredoctorsatCookCountyHospitalabletomakebetterdiagnoses?A．Byobtainingthepa

tients’medicalhistory.B．Bybasingdiagnosesonpatients’bloodpressure.C．Byabandoningregularwaysofdiagnosingpatients.D．Byinquiring

aboutcurrenthealthconditionofthepatients.10．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbymentioningleadershiprolesoftallpeople?A．Tallpeopletendtobecapableleaders.B．

Aperson’sheightandintelligencearecloselyrelated.C．CEOsoftopcompaniesusuallydrawrightconclusions.D．Thefirstimp

ressionofapersoncanresultinbadjudgement.11．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tohonorawriter.B．Torecommendabook.C．Tointroducearesear

ch.D．Toexplainaphenomenon.【答案】8．A9．B10．D11．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本马尔科姆·格拉德威尔的《眨眼》一书，可以帮助人快速做出决定。8．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“BecauseBlinkisa

llaboutrapidcognition”（因为Blink是关于快速认知的）以及后文“forexample,whenmeetingsomeoneforthefirsttimeorlookingatsomethingwe’rethinki

ngofbuying”（例如，当我们第一次见到某人或者看到我们想买的东西的时候。）可知，举例是为了对前文做解释，因而划线词所在句指也就是说，当我们做出立即判断的时候，故画线词意思是“立即”。故选A。9．细节理解题。根据第三段“Onesuchstory

involvesdoctorsintheEmergencyRoomatCookCountyHospitalinChicago.Aftertoldtochangethewayofdiagnoses,in

steadofaskingforinformationsuchasthepatient’sageandweightandmedicalhistory,theyweregoingtofocusonlyonthepatient’sbloodpressure.Andn

owCookCountyisoneofthebestplacesintheUSatdiagnosingchestpain.(其中一个故事涉及芝加哥库克县医院急诊室的医生。在被告知改变诊断方式后，他们不再询问患者的年龄、体重和病史等信息，而是只关注患者的血压。

现在库克县是美国诊断胸痛最好的地方之一)”可知，库克县医院的医生根据病人的血压进行诊断，从而做出更好的诊断。故选B。10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Ofcourse,thereareoccasionswhenweleaptothewrongconclu

sion.Inhisresearch,GladwelldiscoveredthatalmostalltheCEOsofthetopcompaniesintheUSaretall.Thereisnoactualrelationshipbetweenheighta

ndintelligence,butforsomereason,corporationsoverwhelminglychoosetallpeopleforleadershiproles.Thereisso

methinggoingoninthefirstfewsecondsofmeetingatallpersonwhichmakesusthinkofthatpersonasaneffectiveleader,whichunfortunatelystopsusfrommakinganinform

eddecision.(当然，有时我们会草率地得出错误的结论。在他的研究中，格拉德威尔发现，几乎所有美国顶级公司的CEO都是高个子。身高和智力之间并没有实际的关系，但出于某种原因，公司绝大多数都选择高个子的人担任领导职务。在见到一个高个子的人的最初几秒

钟，会发生一些事情，让我们认为这个人是一个有效的领导者，不幸的是，这阻止了我们做出明智的决定)”可知，作者提到高个子的领导作用是为了说明对一个人的第一印象会导致错误的判断。故选D。11．推理判断题。根据第一段“If

,likeme,you’rethekindofpersonwhofindsithardtomakedecisions,thenMalcolmGladwell’sBlinkmightjustbethebookyouhavebeenwaitingfor.(

如果像我一样，你是那种很难做决定的人，那么马尔科姆·格拉德威尔的《眨眼》可能就是你一直在等待的书)”以及最后一段“Allinall,Blinkisafascinatingstudyonanactivitythatwealldoseveralti

mesaday.Readitandmakebetterdecisions.(总之，《眨眼》是一项关于我们每天都要做几次的活动的迷人研究。阅读它，做出更好的决定)”可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一本书。故选B。

Aeronautics(航空学)specialistsfromtheUniversityofSouthAustraliaspentmonthsstudyingthedragonfly’sflight,creating3Dmodelsfromdigit

alimages,tobuildawingeddrone(无人机).StudyleaderJavaanChahlbelievesthatwingeddronesbasedonthedragonfly’sshapeandmovementwillsimplybemorefl

exibleandenergyefficient.Chahl’steamusedaspecialphotographytechniquetoclassifythewingshapesof75differentdragonflyspeciesfrommuseumcollection

s.Theirwingsarelong,lightandhard.Plus,theirlongbodiesgivethemexcellentstabilityandbalance,makingitpossibleforwing

eddronestodeliverawkwardloadsandundertakelongobservationmissions.Investigatingthewaythatdragonfliesremainstab

leduringflightactuallyrevealsthetechniquestheyusetogetthemselvesoutoftrickysituations.Dragonfliesarefoundtobeabletoperformupside-downback

flipstoregainbalanceandnormalflight,whentheyfindthemselvesupsidedownmid-air.Thisspecialskillcanevenbeperformedwhiledragonfliesareunconsciou

s,meaningitisapassivestabilitymechanismsimilarinconcepttoplanesthataredesignedtoglidetosafetywiththeire

nginesturnedoff.Engineersarelookingtocopydragonflywingstocreatesaferdronesthatcanrightthemselves.Ofcourse,notallattemptstobuilddragonfly-

likedronesaresuccessful.TechJet’sairvehiclewassupposedtooperateasanaerialcamera,observationandsecurityd

rone,butitfailedbeforeproductiongotunderway.Similarly,Insectothopter,anAmericandragonflyspydronebuiltinthe1970sw

asdeserted.Yettheprinciplesbehindwingeddronesaresolid.Infact,NASAhassettledonanuclear-poweredautonomouscraftcalledDr

agonflytoexplorethesurfaceofSaturn’smoonTitanin2034.NASA’sprojectisactuallyanairvehicle,ratherthanawingeddrone,butengineersarestillc

onvincedtheycancrackthecodeofnature’smostgiftedflyinginsectandrevolutionizeunmannedflightalongtheway.12．Whydidaeronauticsspe

cialistsspendmonthsstudyingthedragonfly’sflight?A．Tobuild3Dmodelsfromdigitalimages.B．Tomakewingeddronesmodelledafter

it.C．Toclarifytheflexibilityandefficiencyofdrones.D．Todisplaytheshapeandmovementofthedragonfly.13．Thespecialskillofdragonfliesistheirabilityto___

______.A．glidetosafetyB．avoidtrickysituationsC．performobservationtasksD．adjustthemselvestostaystable14．Whatisthe

author’sattitudetowardswingeddrones?A．Skeptical.B．Uncertain.C．Supportive.D．Conservative.15．Whichcanbeasuitabl

etitleforthetext?A．WingedDrones:StillaLongWaytoGoB．JavaanChahl:AnInnovativeLeaderofAeronauticsC．ADragonfly’s

FlyingTechnique:PerfectforDronesD．TheCodeofNature:ASolutiontoNASA’sSpaceExploration【答案】12．B13．D14．C15

．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。南澳大利亚大学的航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行，从数字图像创建3D模型，以建造一架有翼无人机。文章介绍了蜻蜓特殊的飞行技能以及人们对类似蜻蜓的无人机的尝试。12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Aeronautics(航空学)s

pecialistsfromtheUniversityofSouthAustraliaspentmonthsstudyingthedragonfly’sflight,creating3Dmodelsfromdigitalimages,tobuildaw

ingeddrone(无人机).(南澳大利亚大学的航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行，从数字图像创建3D模型，以建造一架有翼无人机)”可知，航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行是为了仿照它制作有翼无人机。故选B。13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“

Dragonfliesarefoundtobeabletoperformupside-downbackflipstoregainbalanceandnormalflight,whentheyfindthemselv

esupsidedownmid-air.Thisspecialskillcanevenbeperformedwhiledragonfliesareunconscious,meaningitisapassivestabilitymechanismsimilar

inconcepttoplanesthataredesignedtoglidetosafetywiththeirenginesturnedoff.(人们发现，当蜻蜓发现自己在半空中倒立时，它们能够进行倒立后空翻以恢复平衡和正常飞行。

这种特殊技能甚至可以在蜻蜓无意识的情况下进行，这意味着它是一种被动稳定机制，在概念上类似于飞机在关闭引擎的情况下滑翔到安全地带)”可知，蜻蜓的特殊技能是它们调整自己以保持稳定的能力。故选D。14．推理判断题

。根据最后一段中“Yettheprinciplesbehindwingeddronesaresolid.(然而，有翼无人机背后的原理是可靠的)”以及“NASA’sprojectisactuallyanairvehicle,ratherthanawi

ngeddrone,butengineersarestillconvincedtheycancrackthecodeofnature’smostgiftedflyinginsectandrevolutionizeunmannedflightalongtheway.(美国宇航局的项目实际

上是一种飞行器，而不是有翼无人机，但工程师们仍然相信他们可以破解自然界最具天赋的飞行昆虫的密码，并在此过程中彻底改变无人飞行)”可推知，作者对有翼无人机的态度是支持的。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Aeronautics

(航空学)specialistsfromtheUniversityofSouthAustraliaspentmonthsstudyingthedragonfly’sflight,creating3Dmodelsfromdigita

limages,tobuildawingeddrone(无人机).StudyleaderJavaanChahlbelievesthatwingeddronesbasedonthedragonfly’sshapeandmovementwillsimplybemoreflexibleandener

gyefficient.(南澳大利亚大学的航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行，从数字图像创建3D模型，以建造一架有翼无人机。研究负责人JavaanChahl认为，基于蜻蜓形状和运动的带翼无人机将更加灵活和节能)”结合文章介绍了蜻蜓特殊的飞行技能以及人

们对类似蜻蜓的无人机的尝试。可知，C选项“蜻蜓的飞行技术：无人机的完美选择”最符合文章标题。故选C。阅读理解【2023届浙江省温州市普通高中高三第一次适应性考试】Nobodylikestospendmoneyonanewbookonlytofacedis

appointmentwhenitdoesn’tliveuptoyourexpectations.Herearethebestbookreviewsitestohelpyouavoidbuyingbooksthatyou’llregretreading.

GoodreadsGoodreadsistheleadingonlinecommunityforbooklovers.Ifyouwantsomeinspirationforwhichnovelorbio

graphytoreadnext,thisisthebestbookreviewsitetovisit.Thereareanendlessnumberofuser-generatedreadingliststoexplore.FantasyBookReviewFant

asyBookReviewshouldbehighonthelistforanyonewhoisafanoffantasyworks.Thebookreviewsitepublishesreviewsforbothchildren’sbooksand

adults’books.Ithasasectiononthetopfantasybooksofalltime.BooklistBooklistisaprintmagazinethatalsooffersanonlineportal

.TrustedexpertsfromtheAmericanLibraryAssociationwriteallthebookreviews.Youcanseepartsofreviewsfordiff

erentbooks.However,toreadtheminfull,youwillneedtosubscribe.YouTubeYouTubeisnotthetypeofplacethatimmediatelyspringstomindwhenyouthinkofth

ebestbookreviewsitesonline.However,thereareseveralengagingYouTubechannelsthatfrequentlyofferopinionsonbooksthey’

veread.Althoughit’seasytobeattractedbyanimpressivebookcover,it’salwaysbesttohaveaquicklookatthebookreviewsbeforeactuallybuyingaco

py.Thisway,youcansaveyourmoneyandspenditonthebooksthatyou’llbeproudtodisplayonyourshelvesforalongtime.1．Whi

chsitebestsuitspeoplewhowanttobuyabiography?A．Goodreads.B．FantasyBookReview.C．Booklist.D．YouTube.2．Whatcanvis

itorsdoonBooklist?A．Editbookreviews.B．Discusswithexperts.C．Readfullreviewsafterpayment.D．Findinformationaboutwrite

rs.3．Whatisrecommendedbeforebuyingabook?A．Notingthebookcover.B．Readingthebookreviews.C．Preparingadisplayshelf.D．Checkingthebook’sratin

gs.【答案】1．A2．C3．B【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个书评网站的情况。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ifyouwantsomeinspirationforwhichnovelorbio

graphytoreadnext,thisisthebestbookreviewsitetovisit.(如果你想要一些下一本小说或传记的灵感，这是最好的书评网站访问)”可知，Goodreads最适合想买传记的人。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Youcan

seepartsofreviewsfordifferentbooks.However,toreadtheminfull,youwillneedtosubscribe.(你可以看到不同书籍的部分评论。然而，要完整阅读它们，你需要订阅)”可知，访客可以在Booklist上付款后阅读完整的评

论。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Althoughit’seasytobeattractedbyanimpressivebookcover,it’salwaysbesttohaveaquicklo

okatthebookreviewsbeforeactuallybuyingacopy.(尽管人们很容易被一本令人印象深刻的书的封面所吸引，但在真正购买之前，最好还是快速浏览一下书评)”可知，在买书之前，建议阅读书评。故选B。It’sacl

assicstory:Akidisforcedtolearnaninstrumentfromayoungage,theyplayitthroughouttheirchildhood,andtheydevelopabittersweetrelationshipwithit.Istheconsta

ntbattlebetweentheloveforthemusicandthehatefortheconstantchallengeworththefight?Forme,itwas.Istartedplayi

ngthepianowhenIwasfour-thatwas15yearsago!Thiswashugecommitment,sotheremusthavebeensomethingworthholdingonto,right?TheeasyguessisthatIwaspurely

inlovewithmusicandpiano.Althoughthat’sthesweetertale,it’sabitmorecomplicated.Istruggledalotwithpiano.Familyandpeerswere,atleastinmyownhead,

constantlyplacedbesidemeincompetition.Ifeltpressuretobethebestinordertoprovesomethingtoothers-andmor

edevastatingly(破坏性地)toprovesomethingtomyself.Theseedofmymusicalinterestwasgrowninthesunlightofcompetitionan

ddoubt.Hatesprouted(滋生)whenmyself-criticismhittoohard.It’sdifficulttolearntolovesomethingthatdidn’toriginatefromlove.F

orawhile,pianowasmoreofanannoyancethanahobby.Butsomehow,lovegrew.Itwasdeeplyburied.Butitwasthere,andbyhighschool,itwasstrongenough

thatwhenIwastrulyonthevergeofquittinganykindofformaltraining.Ifoundthestrengthtoholdontighter,anddigfurther

.Iswitchedteachers,andgotincrediblyluckywithonewhohelpedmetunnelintowhatIloved.Ilearnedpiecesformyself,Icomposedformyself,and

IfoundconfidencenotbecauseIgot“goodenough,”butbecauseIlearnedthatanythingIhadwasgoodenough.TheloveandhateI’vehadforthepianowerebothplanteda

ndgrown.Ifyoutoohavelearnedtohatesomething,rememberthatwithcommitment,itcanbeuprooted,andlovecanmakeahomeinitsplace.Thereisalwaystime.Ther

eisalwaysroom.4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingaclassicstory?A．Thebenefitsofmusic.B．Kids’struggleinlearninginstruments.C．K

ids’bittersweetchildhood.D．Thepopularityoflearninginstruments.5．Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor’sexperienceofplayingthepiano?A．She

finallyquitformaltraining.B．Shenevertreateditasherhobby.C．Shewasinpurelovewithmusicandpiano.D．Sheonceexperiencedgreatpressuref

romherself.6．Whathelpedtheauthorfindconfidence?A．Herattitude.B．Hertraining.C．Hercompromise.D．Herachi

evement.7．Whatmessageismainlydeliveredinthepassage?A．Practicemakesperfect.B．Loveisathingthatgrows.C．Contentisbettertha

nriches.D．Chancefavorsthepreparedmind.【答案】4．B5．D6．A7．B【导语】Z这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述自己在学习钢琴过程中的爱与恨以及自己感悟。4．推理

判断题。由文章第一段“It’saclassicstory:Akidisforcedtolearnaninstrumentfromayoungage,theyplayitthroughouttheirchildhood,andtheydevelopabitte

rsweetrelationshipwithit.Istheconstantbattlebetweentheloveforthemusicandthehatefortheconstantchallengeworththefight?Forme,itwas.(这是一个经典的故事：一个孩

子从小就被迫学习一种乐器，他们在整个童年时期都在演奏，并与之发展出苦乐参半的关系。对音乐的热爱和对不断挑战的憎恨之间不断的斗争值得吗？对我来说，是的。)”可知，文章讲故事是为了说明孩子们在学乐器方面的挣扎，然后引出介绍自己的情况。故选B项。5．

细节理解题。由文章第三段“Ifeltpressuretobethebestinordertoprovesomethingtoothers-andmoredevastatingly(破坏性地)toprovesomethingtomyself.

Theseedofmymusicalinterestwasgrowninthesunlightofcompetitionanddoubt.(为了向别人证明一些东西，我感受到了成为最好的人的压力——更具毁灭性的是，为了向自

己证明一些东西。我对音乐的兴趣在竞争和怀疑的阳光下生长。)”可知，作者曾经经历了来自自己的巨大压力。故选D项。6．细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段“Ilearnedpiecesformyself,Icompose

dformyself,andIfoundconfidencenotbecauseIgot“goodenough,”butbecauseIlearnedthatanythingIhadwasgoodeno

ugh.(我为自己学习曲子，为自己作曲，我找到了自信，不是因为我“足够好”，而是因为我知道我所拥有的一切都足够好。)”可知，作者找到自信地原因是自己态度的转变，对一切的重新认识。故选A项。7．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“It’sdifficulttolear

ntolovesomethingthatdidn’toriginatefromlove.(很难学会去爱一些不是源于爱的东西。)”以及文章最后一段“TheloveandhateI’vehadforthepianowerebothplanted

andgrown.Ifyoutoohavelearnedtohatesomething,rememberthatwithcommitment,itcanbeuprooted,andlovecanmakeahomeinitsplace.Thereisalwaystime.Thereisalways

room.(我对钢琴的爱和恨都是种下的，也是成长的。如果你也学会了憎恨某件事，请记住，有了承诺，它可以被连根拔起，爱可以在它的地方建立一个家。时间总是有的。空间也总是有的。)”以及上下文可知，文章通过自己练钢琴的经历领悟到：对东西

的爱是可以逐渐培养形成的，所以B项Loveisathingthatgrows(爱是一种成长的东西)符合文意。故选B项。Aroundtheglobefarmorebirdspeciesarelosinggroundthangainin

g,accordingtoanexpansivereviewofahalf-centuryofbirdpopulationresearchpublishedinthejournalAnnualReviewofEnviro

nmentandResourcesinMay.Thereview,entitledTheStateoftheWorld’sBirds,showedthatmorethan5,200differentspeciesofbirds-justshyofhalfth

eworld’stotal-areknownorsuspectedtobedeclining.Around3,800speciesarerelativelystable,andfewerthan700speci

esshowincreases.AmongbirdsontheIUCNRedListofThreatenedSpecies,almost400birdsworldwidehavehadtheirconservationstatuschangedfortheworseinthepastthreed

ecades(movingfromvulnerabletothreatened,orthreatenedtoendangered)—fivetimesmorethanthenumberofbirdspecieswithanIUCNstatusthathaschangedforthe

better.“Afterdocumentingthelossofnearly3billionbirdsinNorthAmericaalone(accordingtoa2019studypublishedinthejournalScience),itwasdisturbi

ngtoseethesamepatternsofpopulationdeclinesandextinctionoccurringglobally,”saysreviewcoauthorKenRosenberg,aconservationscien

tistnowretiredfromtheCormellLabofOmithology.Thereviewpointstodisappearinganddegradedhabitat-resultingfromclimat

echange,urbanization,agriculturalintensification,andinternationaltrade-astheleadingdriverofbirddeclinesworldwide.Inanoteofhope,theauthors

citea2020studyindicatingthatrestoringjust5%ofhabitatinpriorityareasaroundtheworldcouldavert60%oflikelye

xtinctions.LeadauthorAlexanderLees,aresearchassociateattheCormellLab,alsopointstotheneedforsubstantialchangesi

nhumanbehaviortopreventfurtherlosses.“Lossanddegradationofhabitatisoftendrivenbydemandforresources,”saysLees.“Weneedtobetterconsiderho

wcommodityflowssuchasbeef,oil,andseedcropscancontributetobiodiversitylossandtrytoreducethehumanfootprintonthe

naturalworld.”8．InwhatorderarethreatenedspeciesarrangedontheIUCN’sRedList?A．Speciesquantity.B．Livinghabitat.C．Declini

ngrate.D．Conservationstatus.9．HowdoesKenRosenbergfeelwhensayingthewords?A．Hopeful.B．Relieved.C．Doubtful.D．C

oncerned.10．Whatdoestheunderlined“avert”meaninparagraph4?A．Prevent.B．Increase.C．Cause.D．Face.11．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Ex

trareasonsforbirdextinction.B．Possiblesolutionstohabitatloss.C．Substantialchangesinhumanbehavior.D．Theprospect

ofbiodiversityloss.【答案】8．D9．D10．A11．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了今年5月发表在《环境与资源年度评论》杂志上的一篇对半个世纪鸟类种群研究的综述称，在全球范围内，失去的鸟类物种

远远多于增加的鸟类物种。这篇题为《世界鸟类状况》的综述显示，超过5200种不同的鸟类——略少于世界鸟类总数的一半——已知或怀疑正在减少。文章主要对鸟类保护展开了说明。8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“AmongbirdsontheIUCNR

edListofThreatenedSpecies,almost400birdsworldwidehavehadtheirconservationstatuschangedfortheworseinthepastthreedecade

s(movingfromvulnerabletothreatened,orthreatenedtoendangered)—fivetimesmorethanthenumberofbirdspecieswi

thanIUCNstatusthathaschangedforthebetter.(在世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录上的鸟类中，全球有近400种鸟类的保护状况在过去30年里发生了恶化（从易危到受威胁，或从受

威胁到濒危）——这是国际自然保护联盟保护状况好转的鸟类数量的5倍多)”可知，世界自然保护联盟红色名录上的濒危物种是按保护状况排列的。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第三段““Afterdocumentingthelossofnearly3

billionbirdsinNorthAmericaalone(accordingtoa2019studypublishedinthejournalScience),itwasdisturbingtoseethesamepattern

sofpopulationdeclinesandextinctionoccurringglobally,”saysreviewcoauthorKenRosenberg,aconservationscientistno

wretiredfromtheCormellLabofOmithology.(“根据2019年发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，仅在记录了北美地区近30亿只鸟类的损失后，看到同样的数量下降和灭绝模式在全

球发生，令人不安”该综述的合著者、现已从科梅尔鸟类学实验室退休的保护科学家肯·罗森伯格说)”可知，肯·罗森伯格说这句话感到担忧。故选D。10．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Inanoteofhope,theauthorscitea2020s

tudyindicatingthatrestoringjust5%ofhabitatinpriorityareasaroundtheworldcould”以及后文“60%oflikelyextinctions”可知，在一份充满希望的

报告中，作者引用了2020年的一项研究，该研究表明，只要恢复世界各地重点地区5%的栖息地，就可以阻止60%的可能灭绝。故画线词意思是“阻止”。故选A。11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“LeadauthorAl

exanderLees,aresearchassociateattheCormellLab,alsopointstotheneedforsubstantialchangesinhumanbehaviortopreventfurtherlosse

s.“Lossanddegradationofhabitatisoftendrivenbydemandforresources,”saysLees.“Weneedtobetterconsiderhowc

ommodityflowssuchasbeef,oil,andseedcropscancontributetobiodiversitylossandtrytoreducethehumanfootprintonthenaturalworld.”

(该研究的主要作者、科梅尔实验室的助理研究员亚历山大·李斯还指出，为了防止进一步的损失，人类行为需要发生实质性的改变。“栖息地的丧失和退化往往是由对资源的需求引起的，”李斯说。“我们需要更好地考虑牛肉、石油和种子作物等

商品流动是如何导致生物多样性丧失的，并努力减少人类对自然界的足迹。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是栖息地丧失的可能解决办法。故选B。Whydosomemensettledowntoformfamilieswiththemoth

ersoftheirchildren,andothersdon’t?Biologyplaysarole.WorkpublishedbyLeeGettleroftheUniversityofNotreDame,inIndiana,clarifieshowtestosterone,theprincip

almalehormone(荷尔蒙),operates.Previousstudiessuggestthathighlevelsoftestosteronearebadforfamilylife.Fatherswithlower

testosteronelevelsprovidemorechildcarewhilehigh-testosteronemalesarelesslikelytostickaround.DrGettlerhasshownsomethingf

urther.Thisisthataman’sadulttestosteronelevelseemscorrelatedwithwhetherhisfatherwaspresentduringhisteenageyears.Hisdatacomefromasur

veybeguninthePhilippinesin1983.Thismonitoredthehealthandnutritionof966menenrolledasbabies.Italsocollect

edextensiveinformationonwhetherthefathersofthesemenwerearoundandprovidingparentalcareinthehouseholds.

Itfurtherdocumentedwhetherparticipantsgotmarried,hadchildrenandwhethertheyparticipatedinchildcare.Crucially,italsomeasuredtheirtestosteroneleve

lsattheagesof21,26and30.Overall,DrGettlerandhiscolleaguesfoundthatonbecomingfathers,menhadlowertestosteronelev

elsiftheirownfathershadbeeninvolvedintheircareduringtheirteenageyears.Ithastwopossibleexplanations.Onei

sthatitisdirectlygenetic(基因的).Theotheristhatteenageexperienceactuallymodulates(调节)testosteronelevels.Thisexp

lanation,whichDrGettlerfavors,couldleadtohigh-testosteronemenabandoningtheirsons,whothusbecomehigh-te

stosteroneintheirturn.Healsofoundsomeofthoseinthesurveywhosefatherswereabsentduringtheiradolescence,andwhoendedu

pwithhighlevelsofthehormone,didbecomecaringfathers.Whythispatternshouldexistisanunansweredquestion.Butazoologistlookingatthesedatamight

takeitasanexampleofdevelopmentalplasticity(可塑性),inwhichthesamegenesproducedifferent,butappropriate,outcomesindifferentcircum

stances.DrGettler’sdiscoverythrowsausefullightontheproblemoffatherlessfamilies,andhowtotrytoendit.12．WhatisGettler’sstudymainlyabout?A．Familylife.B．F

athers’roles.C．Adulttestosterone.D．Childcare.13．WhatcanbelearntaboutDrGettler’sstudy?A．Itwasconductedamongbabies.B．Thefindingisfarfro

msatisfactory.C．Thedatausedwererelativelyreliable.D．Itmonitoredthenutritionofparticipants.14．Whyisthezoologistmentionedinth

epassage?A．Tosuggestafollow-upstudy.B．TocontradictGettler’sideas.C．Topointoutthestudylimitations.D．Togiveapo

ssibleexplanation.15．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．LikeFather,LikeSon?B．CaringFather,HappySon?C．GoodFather,

GoodSonD．LoveMe,LoveMySon【答案】12．C13．C14．D15．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述印第安纳州圣母大学的李·盖特勒（LeeGettler）发表的研究阐明了一个男人的成年睾酮水平似乎与他父亲在青少年时期是否在场有关。12

．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Whydosomemensettledowntoformfamilieswiththemothersoftheirchildren,andothersdon’t?Biology

playsarole.WorkpublishedbyLeeGettleroftheUniversityofNotreDame,inIndiana,clarifieshowtestosterone,theprincipalmalehormone(荷尔蒙),opera

tes.(为什么有些男人会安顿下来与孩子的母亲组建家庭，而其他人却没有？生物学起了作用。印第安纳州圣母大学的李·盖特勒发表的研究阐明了男性主要荷尔蒙睾酮是如何运作的)”以及第二段“DrGettlerhasshownsomethingfurther.Thisisthataman’s

adulttestosteronelevelseemscorrelatedwithwhetherhisfatherwaspresentduringhisteenageyears.(Gettler博士展示了更进

一步的东西。这意味着，一个男人的成年睾酮水平似乎与他父亲在青少年时期是否在场有关)”可知，Gettler主要研究的是成年睾酮水平。故选C项。13．推理判断题。由文章第三段“HisdatacomefromasurveybeguninthePhilippinesin1983.Th

ismonitoredthehealthandnutritionof966menenrolledasbabies.Italsocollectedextensiveinformationonwhetherthefathersofthesemenwerearound

andprovidingparentalcareinthehouseholds.Itfurtherdocumentedwhetherparticipantsgotmarried,hadchildrenandwhethertheyparticipa

tedinchildcare.Crucially,italsomeasuredtheirtestosteronelevelsattheagesof21,26and30.(他的数据来自于1983年在菲律宾开始的一项调查。这项调查监测了966名

婴儿期男性的健康和营养状况。它还收集了关于这些男子的父亲是否在身边以及在家庭中提供父母照顾的广泛信息。它进一步记录了参与者是否结婚、生子以及是否参与儿童保育。至关重要的是，它还测量了他们在21岁、26

岁和30岁时的睾酮水平)”可知，Gettler研究所用的数据是相对可靠的。故选C项。14．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Whythispatternshouldexistisanunansweredquestion.Butazoolog

istlookingatthesedatamighttakeitasanexampleofdevelopmentalplasticity(可塑性),inwhichthesamegenesproducedifferent,butappropriate,outcomesindiffere

ntcircumstances.(为什么这种模式应该存在是一个尚未回答的问题。但一位研究这些数据的动物学家可能会将其作为发育可塑性的一个例子，其中相同的基因在不同的情况下产生不同但合适的结果)”可知，作者提到动物学家是为了给前面的问题提供一种解释。故选D项。15．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“DrGe

ttlerhasshownsomethingfurther.Thisisthataman’sadulttestosteronelevelseemscorrelatedwithwhetherhisfatherwaspresentduringhisteen

ageyears.(Gettler博士展示了更进一步的东西。这意味着，一个男人的成年睾酮水平似乎与他父亲在青少年时期是否在场有关)”和第四段“Overall,DrGettlerandhiscolleaguesfoundthat

onbecomingfathers,menhadlowertestosteronelevelsiftheirownfathershadbeeninvolvedintheircareduringtheirteenageyears.(

总的来说，盖特勒博士和他的同事发现，当父亲时，如果自己的父亲在青少年时期参与了他们的照顾，男性的睾酮水平会更低)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲父亲睾酮水平和儿子的睾酮水平的关系。由此可知，A项LikeFather,LikeSon?(有其

父必有其子？)适合作本文标题。故选A项。阅读理解【浙江省湖州、丽水、衢州三地市2022-2023学年高三上学期11月教学质量测试】BACKTOSCHOOLBOOKGUIDEGoingbacktoschoolcaninvolvelotsofnewthings,includinguniforms,t

opics,teachers,andfriends.Sowhynottrysomenewbooksaswellandmaybefindyournewfavouriteauthortoo.Whetheryouwanttolearnaboutprotect

ingwildlife,discoversomeamazingweatherfacts,ordiveintoanaction-packedspymission,thisbacktoschoolbookguidehassom

ethingforyou.Clickheretogetadiscount.WhiletheStormRagesbyPhilEarleApage-turningadventuretomakeyoulau

ghandcry.NoahandhisfriendsfighttosaveanimalsfrombeingputdownattheoutbreakofWWII.Anexcitingwartimenovelthatpacksanemotionalpunchfromthebestselling

authorofWhentheSkyFalls.Grimwood:LettheFurFly!Written&illustratedbyNadiaShireenAfunnyandsillynewGrimwoodadve

nture!FoxcubsiblingsTedandNancylovetheirnewlifeinGrimwood.ButthecruelmayorofTwinklenutsisonamissiontotakeitoverandkickeveryo

neout.CanGrimwood’streebonkingskillssavethehometheylove?Amust-readforDogManandDavidWalliamsfans.Alic

eEclair,SpyExtraordinaire!bySarahToddTaylorBakerbyday,spybynight—AliceEclairleadsanexcitingdoublelife!Amysteriousmessages

endsAliceonamissionaboardFrance’smostfascinatingtrain.Shemustuncoveranenemyagentwhilebakingdesserts,armed

onlywithherwhisk,wits,andwilltosucceed.Weather,Camera,ActionbyLiamDuttonDiscoverhurricanes,duststorms,volcaniclighteningandmore,allthroughthe

cameralensofTVweatherpresenterandworld-famousmeteorologist(气象学家)LiamDutton.Thisadventurethroughtheatmosphereshowsof

fthesplendorofourskiesintheirwildestandmostdramaticstatesanduncoversthesciencebehindweatherevents.21．Whichofthebooksmightintere

stanimalprotectorsmost?A．WhiletheStormRages.B．Grimwood:LettheFurFly!C．AliceEclair,SpyExtraordinaire!D．Weather,Camera,Action.22．Whatmightbeinc

ludedinthebookWeather,Camera,Action?A．Howtheatmospherewasformed.B．Whattheskylookslikeinstorms.C．Howtobeafamousmeteoro

logist.D．Whattopresentinaweatherforecast.23．Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Awebsite.B．Abrochure.C．Amagazi

ne.D．Aguidebook.【答案】21．A22．B23．A【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了四本不同的书籍。21．推理判断题。根据“WhiletheStormRages”下的详细介绍的第二句“Noahandhisfriendsfighttosaveanimal

sfrombeingputdownattheoutbreakofWWII.(Noah和他的朋友们在二战爆发时为拯救动物而战。)”可知这本书讲述了保护动物的故事，所以这本书可能是动物保护者最感兴趣的书。故选A。22．推理判断题。根据“Weather,Camera,Act

ion”详细介绍中的第二句“Discoverhurricanes,duststorms,volcaniclighteningandmore,allthroughthecameralensofTVweather

presenterandworld-famousmeteorologist(气象学家)LiamDutton.Thisadventurethroughtheatmosphereshowsoffthesplendorofourskiesintheirwilde

standmostdramaticstatesanduncoversthesciencebehindweatherevents.(通过电视天气节目主持人、世界著名气象学家LiamDutton的镜头，探索飓风、沙尘暴、火山闪电等。这次穿越大气层的冒险展示了

我们的天空在它们最狂野和最戏剧性的状态下的壮丽，并揭示了天气事件背后的科学。)”可知这本书展现了各种天气状态下的天空，并揭示了各种天气事件后的科学，所以B选项“Whattheskylookslikeinstorms.(暴风雨中的天空是什么样

子的。)”在书中可能会看到。故选B。23．推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“Clickheretogetadiscount.(点击这里获得折扣。)”可知这篇文章来自网站。故选A。Bornonherfamily’sfarminRay,NorthDakota,MaryShermanM

organhadbeenhelpingherfatherwithfarmworkbeforeshecouldattendthesmall-townschoolhouse.Beingafewyearsbehinddidn’thol

dherbackandshegraduatedfromhighschoolwithhonors.Awareofherintelligence,sheranawayfromRaytoattendMinotStateUniversityasachemis

trymajor,whereherskillwasevident.TheoutbreakofWorldWarIIresultedinanationalshortageofchemistsandscientists.I

nspiteofthefactthatshewasstillastudentandawoman,shewasofferedajobasachemicalanalystduetohertalents,producingexplosives(爆炸物)

forthewartimeeffort.SheputherdegreeonholdandmovedtoOhio,takingonthedangerousjobofanalyzingunstablechemicalstoproduceweapo

ns.Afterthewarendedtherewasafallindemandforexplosives,soshemadeamovetothefieldofaeronautics,movingtoCaliforn

iatoworkforNAA(NorthAmericanAviation).Theonlywomanoutof900engineers,shewassoonpromotedtoarolewhichinvolvedcalculatingtheperformanceof

rocketpropellants(推进剂)anddesigningspecialityfuelstoworkwithdifferentengines.However,neverhavingreturnedtocomple

teherdegree,shewasnotaffordedtherankorhigherpayofanengineer,eventhoughshehadalltheskillsandknowledgeofone.Herexperiencewithprop

ellantsmeantthatwhenNAAwastaskedtofindafuelcapableofliftingtheredesignedRedstonemissilesintospace,Moganwasappointedtechnicalleadontheprojec

t.Nationalpridewasontheline,soMorgansetaboutinvestigatingfuels.Aftercountlesstrails,shefinallydesignedhe

rownmixture,whichwasnamedHydyne.HydynetestedwellwiththeRedstonemissilesandsubsequentlyotheraircraft(飞行器),suchasJupiter-Crockets,provingtobeaqui

cksolutiontogettingtospacewithoutatotalrocketredesign.ThefuelmadethefirstsuccessfulUSsatellitelaunchpossible,evenifMorgansilentlyslippedawayf

romhersuccess,retiringtofocusonherfamilyandleavingherchemistrycareerbehind.24．WhatdoweknowaboutMary?A．Sheattendedschoolwhi

lehelpingwithfarmwork.B．Shewasofferedajobasachemistryanalystaftergraduation.C．Sheshiftedherworkingfocusasthedomesticdemandch

anged.D．ShelaunchedthefirstUSsatellitebeforeretiringfromhercareer.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aeronautics”probablymean?A．Analyzingchemicals.B．Produc

ingexplosives.C．Mixingandsavingfuels.D．Designingandbuildingaircraft.26．WhatmadeMarythetechnicalleadontheprojectofNAA?A．HerdiscoveryofHydyne.B．He

rrankasanengineer.C．Herspecialknowledgeinfuels.D．Hersenseofnationalpride.27．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMaryShermanMorgan?A．Caringanddete

rmined.B．Courageousandcreative.C．Intelligentbutsensitive.D．Accomplishedbutproud.【答案】24．C25．D26．C27．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了科学家MaryShermanMorgan

的生平以及她所做出的贡献。24．推理判断题。根据第二段“TheoutbreakofWorldWarIIresultedinanationalshortageofchemistsandscientists.Inspiteofthefactthatshewa

sstillastudentandawoman,shewasofferedajobasachemicalanalystduetohertalents,producingexplosives(爆炸物)f

orthewartimeeffort.SheputherdegreeonholdandmovedtoOhio,takingonthedangerousjobofanalyzingunstablechemicalstoproduceweapons.(第二次世界大战的爆发导致

全国化学家和科学家短缺。尽管她仍然是一名学生而且是一名女性，但由于她的才能，她获得了一份化学分析师工作，为战时生产炸药。她暂时搁置了学位，搬到了俄亥俄州，从事分析不稳定化学物质以生产武器的危险工作。”以及第四段的第一、二句“Herexperie

ncewithpropellantsmeantthatwhenNAAwastaskedtofindafuelcapableofliftingtheredesignedRedstonemissilesintospace,Moganwasappointedtechnic

alleadontheproject.Nationalpridewasontheline,soMorgansetaboutinvestigatingfuels.(她在推进剂方面的经验意味着，当NAA的

任务是找到一种能够将重新设计的Redstone导弹送入太空的燃料时，莫根被任命为该项目的技术负责人。民族自豪感岌岌可危，于是摩根着手研究燃料。)”可知Mary工作重心是随着国内需求的变化而转移。故选C。25．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Afterthewarendedtherewasafa

llindemandforexplosives,soshemadeamovetothefieldofaeronautics,movingtoCaliforniatoworkforNAA(NorthAmericanAviation).Theonlywomanoutof900engineers,s

hewassoonpromotedtoarolewhichinvolvedcalculatingtheperformanceofrocketpropellants(推进剂)anddesigningspecialityfu

elstoworkwithdifferentengines.(战争结束后，对炸药的需求下降了，所以她转到aeronautics领域，到加利福尼亚为北美航空公司工作。作为900名工程师中唯一的女性，她很快被提升到一个涉及计算火箭推进剂性能和设计用于不同引擎的特殊燃料的职位。

)”以及最后一段第一句“HydynetestedwellwiththeRedstonemissilesandsubsequentlyotheraircraft(飞行器),suchasJupiter-Crockets,provingtobeaq

uicksolutiontogettingtospacewithoutatotalrocketredesign.(Hydyne在Redstone导弹和随后的其他飞行器上测试良好，如Jupiter-C火箭，证明是一个快速进入太

空的解决方案，而无需全面重新设计火箭。)”可知MaryShermanMorgan进入的是航空航天领域，所以D选项“Designingandbuildingaircraft(设计和制造航天器)”符合词义。故选D。26．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Theonlywomanout

of900engineers,shewassoonpromotedtoarolewhichinvolvedcalculatingtheperformanceofrocketpropellants(推进剂)anddesigningspecialityfuelstoworkwithdifferent

engines.(作为900名工程师中唯一的女性，她很快被提升到一个涉及计算火箭推进剂性能和设计用于不同引擎的特殊燃料的职位。)”和第四段第一句“Herexperiencewithpropellantsmea

ntthatwhenNAAwastaskedtofindafuelcapableofliftingtheredesignedRedstonemissilesintospace,Moganwasappointedtechnicallead

ontheproject.(她在推进剂方面的经验意味着，当NAA的任务是找到一种能够将重新设计的Redstone导弹送入太空的燃料时，莫根被任命为该项目的技术负责人。)”可知是在燃料方面的专业知识让Mary成为NAA项目的技术负责人。故选C。27．推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句

“SheputherdegreeonholdandmovedtoOhio,takingonthedangerousjobofanalyzingunstablechemicalstoproduceweapons

.(她暂时搁置了学位，搬到了俄亥俄州，从事分析不稳定化学物质以生产武器的危险工作。)”和第四段的最后一句“Aftercountlesstrails,shefinallydesignedherownmixture,whichwasnamedHydy

ne.(经过无数次的尝试，她终于设计了自己的混合物，并命名为Hydyne。)”可知Mary勇敢且具有创造性。故选B。Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans,afterresearchshowedthatafamousskull

ofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.Thisdiscoveryhaschangedwhatwekno

wofhumanhistory.Theskull,whichscientistshavenamed“MrsPles”,isfromanape-likehumanrelativefromaspeciescalledAustralopithecusafricanus(南方古猿).Itwa

sfoundnearJohannesburgin1947and,basedonevidencefromitssurroundings,wasthoughttobebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsold.Th

ispuzzledscientists,becausealthoughMrsPleslookslikeapossibleearlyancestorofearlyhumans,thefirsttruehumanshadalreadyevolvedby

thetimesheapparentlylived.Forthisreason,scientistshaddecidedthatAustralopithecusafarensis,asimilarspeciesfromEastAfricathatlivedabout3.5millionyea

rsago,wasourmostlikelyancestorinstead.TogetamoreaccurateageforMrsPles,ateamledbyProfessorDarrylGrangerofPurdueUni

versityinIndiana,US,usedanewmethodtodatethesandyrockswheretheskulllay.Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks,whichformatasteadyratewhenthe

yareexposedtocosmicrays(宇宙射线)onEarth’ssurface.Oncerocksareburied,thesechemicalsstopformingandslowlydisappear;thesurvivingamountrevealshowmuchtime

haspassedsincetherock(orbones)wereonthesurface.ThenewstudyshowsthatMrsPlesandotheraustralopithecinebonesnearby

arebetween3.4and3.7millionyearsold.ThismeanstheylivedatthesametimeastheirEastAfricanrelatives,sothateithergroupcouldhavegivenrisetomo

dernhumans.However,teammemberDrLaurentBruxellespointedoutthatovermillionsofyears,atonly2,500milesaway,thesegroupshadple

ntyoftimetotravelandtobreedwitheachother.Inotherwords,thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet,hadchildrento

getherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhumans.28．WhatcanwelearnaboutMrsPlesfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．ItisaskullfoundinEastAf

rica.B．Itisthemostpossibleancestorofhumans.C．Itisamillionyearsolderthanscientistsexpected.D．Itisprovedtolivebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsago.29．How

didscientistsgettheaccurateageof“MrsPles”?A．Bystudyingtheeffectofcosmicrays.B．Bycalculatingtheformingrate

ofchemicals.C．Bylocatingthesandyrockswheretheskulllay.D．Bymeasuringthesurvivingamountofchemicals.30．Whatcanweinferfromthene

wstudy?A．ModernhumanscameintobeinginEastAfrica.B．MrsPlestravelledandhadchildrenwithEastAfricanrelatives.C．Thehistoryofmodernhumansmightbegin3.5mil

lionyearsago.D．Ape-likespeciesfromAfricacouldhaveinteractedwitheachother.31．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．His

toricalPuzzleUnsolvedB．AncestorMysterySolvedC．MrsPles:TheEarliestHumanBeingD．MrsPles:AFamousSkull【答案】28．C29．

D30．D31．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是科学家们解开了一个关于现代人的谜题，研究表明，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨比专家们认为的要早100万年。这一发现改变了我们对人类历史的认识。28．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Scientistsha

vesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans,afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolder

thanexpertsthought.(科学家们解开了一个关于现代人的谜题，研究表明，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨比专家们认为的要早100万年)”和第二段的“Theskull,whichscientistshavenamed“MrsPles”(这个被科学家命名为“Ples夫人

”的头骨)”可知，“Ples夫人”比科学家预期的要早100万年。故选C。29．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks,whichformatasteadyratewhenthe

yareexposedtocosmicraysonEarth’ssurface.(他们测量了岩石中某些化学物质的含量，当它们暴露在地球表面的宇宙射线中时，这些化学物质会以稳定的速度形成)”可知，科学家通过测量化学物质的含量来得到“Ples夫人”的准确年龄。故选D。30．推理判断题。根据最

后一段的“Inotherwords,thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet,hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhuma

ns.(换句话说，这两个群体很容易相遇，一起生儿育女，都是现代人类历史的一部分)”可知，我们能从这项新研究中推断出来自非洲的类人猿物种可能相互交流。故选D。31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutm

odernhumans,afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.(科学家们解开了一个关于现代人的谜题，研究表明

，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨比专家们认为的要早100万年)”可知，本文主要讲的是科学家们解开了一个关于现代人的谜题，研究表明，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨比专家们认为的要早100万年，因此最好的题目是B选项“

AncestorMysterySolved(祖先之谜已解)”。故选B。Haveyoueverwalkedthroughadoorandthoughttoyourself,“WhatwasIgoingtodo?”Ifyouhave,youarenotalone.Psychologistsb

elievethatwalkingthroughadoorandenteringanotherroomcreatesa“mentalblock”inthebrain.Thisisgenerallyreferredtoasthedoorwayeffect.I

ntheearlyyearsofbrainresearch,scientiststhoughtthathumanmemorywaslikeacloset,withmanysectionsinwhichwe

couldstorelittleboxesofexperiencesfromourlives.Boxeswouldremainthereforever,andwheneverwehadtolookintothem,wecouldjustgotothatparticularsectiona

ndfindthatboxofmemory.Beautifulasthisdescriptionofhumanmemoryformationsounds,itisnottrue.Ourbrainismuchmorecomplexthanthat.

Psychologicalstudiessuggestthatourmemoriesareepisodic(情节性的)ingeneral.Ifyouthinkbackonanything,you’llprobablyquicklyr

ealizeourmemoriesdon’tfunctionasclearnarratives.Instead,they’remoreepisodicanddividedintoparts.AnewresearchledbypsychologistOliverBaumannfromBon

dUniversityinAustraliasuggeststhatit’snotsomuchthedoorwaysthatcauseamemorywipe,asmovingfromonelocationtoasignificantlydifferentone—it’sthea

bruptchangeofscenethatpreparesourmindsforsomethingnew.“Agoodexampleismovingaroundinadepartmentstore,”saysBaumann,“Takingtheelevatorbetweenfloo

rsmayhavenoeffectonourmemory,butmovingfromthestoretotheparkinglotmightcauseustoforgetsomethingthatweneedtobuy.”Baumannalsopointsoutthatabusyandp

erhapsoverloadedbraindoesseemtoplaysomepartinthisphenomenon.Inotherwords,walkingthroughopendoorsisthoughttoresetmemorytom

akeroomforanewepisode.Thegoodnewsisthatexperiencingsuchforgettableepisodesafterenteringanotherroomdoesnottellyouanythingaboutyourm

emoryandintelligence.Sowhenyouenteraroomandsuddenlyforgetwhyyouarethere,youshouldnotthinkthatAlzheimer’sdiseaseiscree

pinguponyou!32．Whichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybe“doorwayeffect”?A．Youmissedacallandforgottoringback.B．Youreadabookandforgetwhatitisab

out.C．Youenteredtheofficeandforgotwhattoget.D．Yousawamanyearsagoandforgetwhoheisnow.33．Whatcanwelearnfromthepas

sage?A．Allmemoriesarelinkedinthebrain.B．Memoriesareclearlyseparatedinthebrain.C．Notallthememoriescanbefoundinthebrain.D．M

emoriesarestoredinparticularsectionsofthebrain.34．WhatcanweinferfromBaumann’sresearch?A．Takinganelevatorstimulatesn

ewmemory.B．Walkingthroughopendoorsresultsinmemoryloss.C．Asuddenchangeofthesceneboostsintelligencedevelopment.D．Anoverloadedbrainincreasesth

epossibilityofdoorwayeffect.35．Whatdoestheauthorthinkof“doorwayeffect”?A．Insignificant.B．Beneficial.C．Influential.D．Damaging.【答案】3

2．C33．C34．D35．A【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了门口效应（doorwayeffect）以及其产生的原因。32．细节理解题。根据第一段“Haveyoueverwalkedthroughadoora

ndthoughttoyourself,‘WhatwasIgoingtodo?’Ifyouhave,youarenotalone.Psychologistsbelievethatwalkingthroughadoorandente

ringanotherroomcreatesa‘mentalblock’inthebrain.Thisisgenerallyreferredtoasthedoorwayeffect.(你有没有穿过一扇门，心中在想：‘我是要去干什么

？’如果你有，你并不孤单。心理学家认为，穿过一扇门进入另一个房间会在大脑中造成‘精神障碍’。这通常被称为门口效应)”可知，进入一个房间忘记自己要做的事情被称作门口效应。故选C。33．推理判断题。根据第二段“Intheearlyyearsofbrainresear

ch,scientiststhoughtthathumanmemorywaslikeacloset,withmanysectionsinwhichwecouldstorelittleboxesofexperiencesfromourlives.Boxe

swouldremainthereforever,andwheneverwehadtolookintothem,wecouldjustgotothatparticularsectionandfindthatboxofmemory.(在早期的

大脑研究中，科学家们认为人类的记忆就像一个壁橱，有很多区域，我们可以在其中存储我们生活中的经历。盒子会永远留在那里，每当我们需要查看它们的时候，我们就可以去那个特定的区域，找到那个记忆盒子)”以及第三段中的“Beautifulasthisdescriptionofhumanmemoryforma

tionsounds,itisnottrue.Ourbrainismuchmorecomplexthanthat.Psychologicalstudiessuggestthatourmemoriesareepisodic(情节性的)ingene

ral.Ifyouthinkbackonanything,you’llprobablyquicklyrealizeourmemoriesdon’tfunctionasclearnarratives.Instead,they’remoreepisodicanddividedint

oparts.(这个关于人类记忆形成的描述听起来很美，但它是不真实的。我们的大脑比这复杂的多。心理学研究表明，我们的记忆通常是情节性的。如果你回想什么事情，你可能很快就会意识到我们的记忆并不是清晰的叙

事。相反，它们更有情节性，被分成了多个部分)”可知，并不是所有的记忆都是可以在大脑中找到的。故选C。34．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Baumannalsopointsoutthatabusyandperhapsoverloadedbraindoesseemtoplays

omepartinthisphenomenon.(Baumann还指出，一个忙碌且可能超负荷的大脑似乎确实在这种现象中发挥了一些作用)”可知，超负荷的大脑会增加门口效应的可能性。故选D。35．推理判断题，根据最后一段“Thegoodnewsisthatexperienci

ngsuchforgettableepisodesafterenteringanotherroomdoesnottellyouanythingaboutyourmemoryandintelligence.Sowhenyouenterar

oomandsuddenlyforgetwhyyouarethere,youshouldnotthinkthatAlzheimer’sdiseaseiscreepinguponyou!(好消息是，在进入另一个房间后经历这种遗忘的插曲不

会告诉你任何关于你的记忆力和智力的事情。所以，当你走进一个房间，突然忘记了自己为什么在那里时，你不应该认为阿尔茨海默病正在悄悄靠近你！)”可知出现门口效应并不表示记忆力或智力出现问题，没有什么影响。故选A。阅读理解【浙江省杭州市2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量检测（一模）】Four

WaysYourCatTriestoCommunicatewithYouCatsareamazingcreatures,andwhiletheycan’ttalktous,theycertainlyknowhowtocommunicatetheirneeds

andfeelings.It’sjustuptoustolearnhowtolistentowhattheyaresaying.MeowingCatsmeowattheirownersforseveralreasons,including:

toaskforfood,togreetpeople,toaskforattention,toletyouknowtheywanttogooutside/comeinside.Inaddition,elderlycatssufferingfro

mcognitivedisfunction,similartoAlzheimer’sDisease(阿尔兹海默症)inhumans,maymeowduetobecomingconfusedordisoriented,soweencour

ageyoutoscheduleanappointmentwithusifyourseniorcatseemsconfusedorismeowingmorethanusual.PurringWhilecatsdopurrasasignofconten

tment,theyalsodoitasaself-comfortingmechanismwhensick,stressedorinjured.Ifyourcatispurringbutalsoshowingsignsthatsomethingmaybewrong,likehidingm

orethanusualorrefusingfood/water,theycouldbesickorinpain.TailPostureIftheyholdtheirtailstraightupandhaverelax

edfur,they’relikelytofeelhappyorcurious.Butiftheirfurstandsonendwhiletheirtailisstraight,thisindicatesfearoranger.Holdingthetailloworhiddenb

etweenthelegsindicatesinsecurity,andatailthat’srapidlytwitchingbackandforthsuggestsanxiety.RubbingWhenyourcatrubsag

ainstyourlegsorgivesyouheadbutts,theyaretellingyouthattheyloveyou.Thatisnottheonlythingtheyaredoing,th

ough!Catsrubtheirbodiesandcheeksagainstpeopleandobjectstomarktheirterritoryandtoclaimhumans,othercats,a

ndvariousobjectsastheirown.1．Whencatsaresickorinpain,whataretheylikelytodo?A．Meowattheirowners.B．Rubagainstyour

legs.C．Purrandrefusefood.D．Holdtheirtailstraightup.2．Whatmayacatshowwhenithidesitstailbetweenlegs?A．I

nsecurity.B．Depression.C．Curiosity.D．Happiness.3．Whoprovidesthistextmostprobably?A．Acatsitter.B．Acatowner.C．Ananimalshelter.D．Apethealthcarecentre.【

答案】1．C2．A3．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了和宠物猫咪交流的四种方式。1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ifyourcatispurringbutalsoshowingsignsthatsomethingmaybewrong,likehidingmorethanu

sualorrefusingfood/water,theycouldbesickorinpain.”（如果你的猫咪正在咕噜咕噜地叫，但同时也表现出可能出了问题的迹象，比如比平时藏得更多或者拒绝食物/水，它们可能生病了或者很痛苦。

）可知，猫咪生病或很痛苦的时候，它们会咕噜咕噜叫或者拒绝食物。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Holdingthetailloworhiddenbetweenthelegsindicatesi

nsecurity,andatailthat’srapidlytwitchingbackandforthsuggestsanxiety.”（把尾巴放低或藏在两腿之间表示不安全感，尾巴快速来回抽动表示焦虑。）可知，当猫咪把尾巴藏在两腿之间，表示它们感

觉到了不安全感。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据文章标题“FourWaysYourCatTriestoCommunicatewithYou”（你的猫试图和你交流的四种方式）及第一段“Catsareamazingcreatures,a

ndwhiletheycan’ttalktous,theycertainlyknowhowtocommunicatetheirneedsandfeelings.It’sjustuptoustolearn

howtolistentowhattheyaresaying.”（猫是神奇的生物，虽然它们不能和我们说话，但它们当然知道如何交流它们的需求和感受。只有我们才能学会如何倾听它们所说的话。）可知，本文主要讲述了和宠物猫咪交流的四种方式，而了解猫咪的生活特

点的只有宠物保健中心的工作人员熟悉，因而文章可能是宠物保健中心的人提供的。故选D。AtSt.FrancisHighSchoolinLaCanada,Calif.,there’ssomethingtobesaidaboutmathteacherJi

mConnor.Truthis,Connorcanbeabitofadrudge.Butthe70-year-oldVietnamvetsayshe’snotheretoentertainhisstudents.“Itdrivesmecrazywhenpeoplesayschoolshoul

dbefun,”hesays.“Imean,it’sniceifitcouldbe,butyoucan’tmakeschoolfun.”Andforyears,thekidsthoughtthat’salltherewastohim—unti

llastNovember,whenseniorPatMcGoldricklearnedtheydidn’tknowthehalfofhim.Patwasinchargeofastudentblooddriv

eandhadjustcometoChildren’sHospitalLosAngelesforameeting.Andhesaysitwasweird:wheneverhetoldsomeonehewenttoSt.FrancisHighSchool,

theyallsaid,“Oh,youmustknowJimConnor.Isn’thewonderful?”“Itwasdisbelief,really,”Patsays.“Itwasalmostkindoffindingthisalterego(另一面)thathehas.”Insidet

heblooddonorcenter,Patfoundaplaquelistingallthetopblooddonorsatthehospital,includingtherecordholder,JimConnor.Thenhe

learnedsomethingevenmoreunbelievable:thatwheneverConnorisn’ttorturingkidswithcalculus(微积分),he’sonawholeothertangent-cuddli

ngsickbabies.Threedaysaweekforthepast20years,Jimhasvolunteeredatthehospital,steppinginbecomeinvolvedinanactivitywhenparentsc

an’t,tohold,feedandcomforttheirchildren.“Theytendtocalmforhim,”NurseErinsays.“Theytendtorelaxwithhim.Theyfallasleepwithhim.”“Ijustliketh

emandrelatetothemsomehow,”Connorsays.Connorhasneverbeenmarried;hehasnokidsofhisown.Buthehasfallenhardforthesebabies.“I’vea

lwaysrespectedhim,butnowit’stoanevendifferentdegree—reallytothepointwhereItrytoemulatehim,”Patsays.“He’stheepitomeofamanofservice.”4．Whatd

owelearnfromparagraph2?A．Schoolcanneverbefun.B．Connorishighlydemanding.C．Connor’sstudentsdrivehimcrazy.D．Connorthinks

educationisforall.5．WhatdidPatfindoutaboutMrConnor?A．MrConnordonatedbloodaswellashistime.B．MrConnorwasawardedforhislovetowardbabies.C．MrCon

norusedtoheaverystrictteacher.D．MrConnorhadauniqueteachingphilosophy.6．WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMr.Connor?A．Heworkstwoshiftseverydayforaliving.

B．Hehashisalteregointheeyesofhisstudentsallthetime.C．Hehastheabilitytoconnectwiththosekidsheholds.D．Hefallshardforthosesickkidssohedecidednottohaveh

isown.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．BondingwithbabiesinneedofloveB．Areallessonislifethroughlearnin

gcalculusC．EverybodykeepssomethingunderhishatD．Toughteacherhasasoftheart【答案】4．B5．A6．C7．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了加州拉加拿的圣弗朗西斯高中数学老师吉姆·康纳的故事。4

．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Butthe70-year-oldVietnamvetsayshe’snotheretoentertainhisstudents.“Itdrivesmecrazywhenpeopl

esayschoolshouldbefun,”hesays.“Imean,it’sniceifitcouldbe,butyoucan’tmakeschoolfun.”(但这位70岁的越战老兵说，他来这里不是为了娱乐学生。“当人

们说学校应该是有趣的时候，我都快疯了，”他说。“我的意思是，如果可以的话当然很好，但你不能让学校变得有趣。”)”可知，康纳对学生要求很高。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Insidetheblooddonorcenter,Patfoundaplaquelistingallthetopbl

ooddonorsatthehospital,includingtherecordholder,JimConnor.Thenhelearnedsomethingevenmoreunbelievable:thatwheneverConnorisn’ttorturingkidswithc

alculus(微积分),he’sonawholeothertangent-cuddlingsickbabies.Threedaysaweekforthepast20years,Jimhasvolunteeredatthehospital,s

teppinginbecomeinvolvedinanactivitywhenparentscan’t,tohold,feedandcomforttheirchildren.(在献血中心里，帕特发现一块牌子，上面列出了医院里所有的顶级献血者，包括记录保持者吉姆·康纳。然后，他

发现了更难以置信的事情：只要康纳不用微积分折磨孩子，他就会去拥抱生病的婴儿。在过去的20年里，吉姆每周有3天在医院做志愿者，在父母不能做的时候参与到一项活动中来，抱着，喂着，安慰着他们的孩子)”可知，康纳先生不仅捐了血，还捐了时间。故选A。6．细节理解题。根据第六段““Theytendto

calmforhim,”NurseErinsays.“Theytendtorelaxwithhim.Theyfallasleepwithhim.”(“他们往往会因为他而平静下来，”艾琳护士说。“他们往往和他在一起很放松。他们和他一起入睡。”)”可推知，康纳先生有能力和那些

被他抱着的孩子们交流。故选C。7．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Butthe70-year-oldVietnamvetsayshe’snotheretoentertainhisstudents.“Itdrivesmecrazywhenpeoplesaysc

hoolshouldbefun,”hesays.“Imean,it’sniceifitcouldbe,butyoucan’tmakeschoolfun.”(但这位70岁的越战老兵说，他来这里不是为了娱乐学生。“当人

们说学校应该是有趣的时候，我都快疯了，”他说。“我的意思是，如果可以的话当然很好，但你不能让学校变得有趣。”)”可知，康纳对学生要求很高，是一位严格的老师。根据第五、六段内容可知，康纳先生还很有爱心，而且有能力和那些被他抱着的孩子

们交流，有一颗柔软的心。由此可知，Toughteacherhasasoftheart(严厉的老师有一颗柔软的心)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。Yesterday,afteradayofZoom(视频会议软件)meetingsinmylivingroom,Isteppedoutforaw

alkleavingmyteensonboredonthecouch.BleeckerStreet,usuallypackedwithpeople,wassprinkledwithonlytheoccasionalpedestrians.Barsandre

staurantsliningthestreetweredark.Storeswithbrightneonlights,doorsopen,beckonedfortherarepassers-bytoenter.After

justaweekoftheCovid-19pandemic,anafternoonwalkinGreenwichVillageneighborhoodfeltsurreal.ButthenInoticedarowofdaffodils(水仙)reachingforthesuninthesmall

triangle-shapedparkbyMinettaLane.Onthewindowsofalockedrestaurant,inbrightyellowpaint,werethewords“Weloveyou,WestVillage.Takecareofeachother.”Myphon

ebuzzed—acolleaguesentapictureofhernewbornbabyjusthomefromthehospital.Iarrivedhometofindmysonanimatedonthecouc

hplayingavideogamevirtuallywithhisfriends.Life,love,play,andhumanconnectionpersist,eventhoughourworldhasbeentunedupside

down.InmywelcomenotetothenewstudentsintheFall,Iwrotethatthisyearisaboutourcollege’scorevaluesofinclusion,innovation,andimpactandemphasiz

edthepowerofinterconnection.Today,thesecorevaluespersist,withinterconnectiontakingonevengreatersignificance.Ourcollaborativespi

rithasalwaysgivenusanadvantage—academically,creatively,culturally,andnow,remotely.Awisepersononcetoldmethatg

ettingthroughacrisisislikebeinggivenanewhandofcardsinthemiddleofagame.Wearehalfwaythroughthesemester,withnewhandstoplay,butthe

gamehasn’tchanged.Wewillfindnewwaystocontinuetowork,teach,createandlearn.Let’salsocontinuetheinformalinterac

tionsthatmakeusacommunity—thestudygroups,coffeedates,drop-insjusttosayhello.Indoingso,wewillremainconnected.Wewillcometogethe

r,fromspacesaroundtheworld,tomeetthisnewreality.Thisiswhoweare.Nothing—notspace,nortime—cankeepusfrommovingforward,t

ogether.8．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph1?A．TheCovid-19pandemicisunstoppable.B．Theeffectsofthepandemiccouldbeeasilyfelt.C．No

thingisthesameexceptthatthebusinessgoesslowasusual.D．Peoplehaveeveryreasontobeworriedaboutthefuture.9．Whatdoesthewriterincludeinparagraph

2?A．Dailyroutinesthatseemedinsignificant.B．Remindersthattheworldhasbeenchanged.C．Eventsthatpeoplecandoduringthepandemic.D．Thingsorpe

oplethatcarrysymbolicmeanings.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collaborative”meaninparagraph3?A．Cooperative.B．Pioneering.C．Independent.D．Adven

turous.11．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Toexpresswisdomgainedfrompreviousexperience.B．Togivepeoplesometipsonhowtohandleacrisis.C．

Todeliveranupliftingmessageoverthepandemic.D．Toencouragepeopletoenjoythegreatoutdoors.【答案】8．B9．D10．A11．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述疫情发生后，人们的生活虽然发生了很多变化，但爱

，连接沟通和人际关系都还在。作者写这篇文章的主要目的是为了在疫情期间传递令人振奋的信息8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Yesterday,afteradayofZoom(视频会议软件)meetingsinmylivingroom,Isteppedoutforawalk.lea

vingmyteensonboredonthecouch.BleeckerStreet,usuallypackedwithpeople,wassprinkledwithonlytheoccasionalpedestrians.Barsandrestaurantsliningthestreet

weredark.Storeswithbrightneonlights,doorsopen,beckonedfortherarepassers-bytoenter.AfterjustaweekoftheCovid-19pandemic,anaf

ternoonwalkinGreenwichVillageneighborhoodfeltsurreal.(昨天，在客厅里开了一天的Zoom会议后，我出去散步。让我十几岁的儿子无聊地躺在沙发上。布利克街通常挤满了人，但昨天只偶尔有行人。街

道两旁的酒吧和餐馆都很黑。商店里灯火通明，门开着，招手让难得的路人进入。新冠疫情发生仅一周后，下午在格林威治村附近散步感觉很怪异。)”可知，新冠疫情发生后，街道上只有很少的行人，酒吧和餐馆停业，商店没有顾客。通过这些描写，突

显疫情的影响随处可见。故从第一段可推知疫情的影响很容易被感受到。故选B。9．主旨大意题。根据第二段“ButthenInoticedarowofdaffodils(水仙)reachingforthesuninthesmalltriangle-shapedparkby

MinettaLane.Onthewindowsofalockedrestaurant,inbrightyellowpaint,werethewords“Weloveyou,WestVillage.Takecareofeachother.”Myphonebuzzed—acolleaguesen

tapictureofhernewbornbabyjusthomefromthehospital.Iarrivedhometofindmysonanimatedonthecouchplayingavideo

gamevirtuallywithhisfriends.Life,love,play,andhumanconnectionpersist,eventhoughourworldhasbeentunedupsidedown.(但后来我注意到一排水仙在MinettaLane旁边

的小三角形公园里面向太阳。在一家上锁的餐厅的窗户上，用明亮的黄色油漆写着“我们爱你，西村。互相照顾。“我的手机嗡嗡作响——一位同事发来了一张刚从医院回家的新生儿的照片。我回到家，发现我的儿子实际上坐在沙发上和他的朋友玩电子游戏。生活

、爱、游戏和人际关系仍然存在，尽管我们的世界已经颠倒了。)”可知，虽然疫情的发生导致餐馆关业，路上行人罕至，但是我们生活中重要的事物——生活、爱情、游戏和人际关系仍然存在。商店老板在牌子上写的鼓励的话象征着关爱，同事在照顾新生

儿象征着生活与家庭，儿子和朋友玩象征着人际关系和游戏，故推知第二段主要描写具有象征意义的人和事物。故选D。10．词句猜测题。根据第三段“InmywelcomenotetothenewstudentsintheFall,Iwrotethatthisyearisaboutourc

ollege’scorevaluesofinclusion,innovation,andimpactandemphasizedthepowerofinterconnection.Today,thesecorevaluespersist,withint

erconnectiontakingonevengreatersignificance.(在我给秋季新生的欢迎信中，我写道：今年是关于我们学院包含的核心价值观，创新和影响，并强调了互联的力量。今天，这些核心价值观仍然存在，

互联互通具有更大的意义。)”及第四段“Wewillfindnewwaystocontinuetowork,teach,createandlearn.Let’salsocontinuetheinformalinteractionst

hatmakeusacommunity—thestudygroups,coffeedates,drop-insjusttosayhello.Indoingso,wewillremainconnected.(我们将找到新的方法来继续工作，

教学，创造和学习。让我们也继续非正式的互动，使我们成为一个团体——学习小组、咖啡约会、只是为了打个招呼的临时到访。通过这样做，我们将保持联系。)”可知，这两段强调疫情期间学院与学生互相连接，团结协作的关系。故推知collaborative与Cooperative意义一致，表示“合作的，协作的

”，故选A。11．推理判断题。根据第一段“Yesterday,afteradayofZoom(视频会议软件)meetingsinmylivingroom,Isteppedoutforawalk.leavingmyteensonboredonthecouch.BleeckerStreet,usua

llypackedwithpeople,wassprinkledwithonlytheoccasionalpedestrians.Barsandrestaurantsliningthestreetweredark.Storeswithbrightneonli

ghts,doorsopen,beckonedfortherarepassers-bytoenter.AfterjustaweekoftheCovid-19pandemic,anafternoonwalkinGreenwichVillageneighborhoodfeltsurre

al.(昨天，在客厅里开了一天的Zoom会议后，我出去散步。让我十几岁的儿子无聊地躺在沙发上。布利克街通常挤满了人，但昨天只偶尔有行人。街道两旁的酒吧和餐馆都很黑。商店里灯火通明，门开着，招手让难得的路人进入。新冠

疫情发生仅一周后，下午在格林威治村附近散步感觉很怪异。)”及最后一段“Wewillcometogether,fromspacesaroundtheworld,tomeetthisnewreality.Thisiswhoweare.Nothing—notspace,nortime—cankee

pusfrommovingforward,together.(我们将从世界各地的空间聚集在一起，迎接这一新的现实。这就是我们。没有什么——不是空间，也不是时间——可以阻止我们一起前进。)”可知，疫情让餐馆闭店，街道上人迹罕至，但疫情无法阻止我们前进的脚步。故推知作者写这篇

文章的主要目的是为了在疫情期间传递令人振奋的信息，故选C。Formostofourhistory,humanshavebeenshort,astudyhasfound.Untilaround150yearsago,fewpeoplegrewtallerthan170centimetre

s.ChristianeSchefflerattheUniversityofPotsdamandMichaelHermanusseninAltenhofhavespentseveralyearsstudyingthehei

ghtofpeoplefromawiderangeofpopulations.Intheirlatestpaper,theycombinedanexistingdataofmorethan6000prehistor

ichumanskeletonswithmultiplestudiesofmorerecenthistoricalpopulationsfromEuropeandtheUS.Theyalsoincludedtheirowndataon1666present-dayschoolchildre

nfromIndonesia.Intheprehistoricpopulations,themaximumheightformenwas165to170centimetres,whilewomentoppedoutat160cm.Today,meninEnglandhaveanaverageh

eightofaround175cm,whileforwomenitisabout162cm.Butthereissignificantvariationbetweenmoderncountries.TheIn

donesianschoolchildreninthestudywereshorterthansimilarlyagedchildrenfromtheUS,despitebeingwell-nourished.SchefflerandHerma

nussenarguethatheightcanbeasignalofdominance(显赫地位),soinsocietieswhereitispossibletomoveupthroughthesocialclasses,evolutionfavoursindividualswhoreacha

greaterheight.SubramanianatHarvardUniversityisn’tconvincedbythepair’sinterpretation.Histeampreviouslyshowedthatthebestpredictor

ofachild’sheightistheheightoftheirparents.Thissuggeststhattheinfluenceofotherfactors,suchassocialmobili

ty,islimited.Afterassessingnearly163,000childrenlivingin55lowandmiddle-incomecountries,Subramanian’steamfoundthat42.9percenthadpoornutritionbut’no

‘signofstunting(阻碍发育)orotherphysicalindicatorsofthisfact.Thisimpliesthereisalotofhiddenmalnutritionthatdoesn’treveal

itselfthroughstunting.Aperson’snutritionalconditionshouldbeassessedbylookingattheirdietnottheirheight,saysSubramanian.12．HowdidS

chefflerandHermanussenconducttheresearch?A．Studyingtheskeletonsofprehistorichuman.B．Combiningexistingdatawi

threcentresearch.C．Assessingchildrenlivinginvariousincomeareas.D．Analyzingtheresultsofotherscientists’researches.13．What’sSubramanian’sattitud

etowardstheexplanationofSchefflerandHermanussen?A．Worried.B．Cautious.C．Doubtful.D．Supportive.14．WhatcanweinferfromSubramanian’sstudy?A

．Poornutritiondelaysphysicaldevelopment.B．Abalanceddietcontributestogrowingtaller.C．Highsocialclassescanreachagreaterheigh

t.D．Ahuman’sheighthaslittletodowithnutrition.15．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thesignificancethatliesinnutrition.B．Thefactorsthatinfluencehuman

’sheight.C．Theimportancethathumansattachtoheight.D．Thereasonswhyprehistorichumanswereshort.【答案】12．B13．C14．D15．B【导语】这还是一篇说明文。文章主要研究影响

人类身高的因素。12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Intheirlatestpaper,theycombinedanexistingdataofmorethan6000prehistorichumanskeletonswithmultiplestudiesofmorerecenthisto

ricalpopulationsfromEuropeandtheUS.(在他们最新的论文中，他们将6000多个史前人类骨骼的现有数据与来自欧洲和美国的最新历史人口的多项研究相结合。)”可知，Scheffler和Hermanuss

en通过将现有数据与最新研究相结合的方法进行研究。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据第六段“SubramanianatHarvardUniversityisn’tconvincedbythepair’sinterpretation.(哈佛大学的Subramanian并不相信

这对两个人的解释。)”可知，Subramanian不相信Scheffler和Hermanussen的解释，持怀疑的态度。故选C。14．推理判断题。根据第七段“Afterassessingnearly163,000c

hildrenlivingin55lowandmiddle-incomecountries,Subramanian’steamfoundthat42.9percenthadpoornutritionbut’no‘signofstunting(阻碍发育)orothe

rphysicalindicatorsofthisfact.(在评估了生活在55个低收入和中等收入国家的近163000名儿童后，Subramanian的研究小组发现，42.9%的儿童营养不良，但没有阻碍发育或影响其他身体指标的迹象。)

”可知，Subramanian的研究发现营养不良没有阻碍发育或影响其他身体指标的迹象。故推知人的身高和营养关系不大，故选D。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Formostofourhistory,humanshavebeenshort,astudyhasfound.Until

around150yearsago,fewpeoplegrewtallerthan170centimetres.(一项研究发现，在我们历史的大部分时间里，人类都是矮的。直到大约150年前，很少有人长到170厘米以上。)”及第六段“Histeampreviouslyshowedthatthebe

stpredictorofachild’sheightistheheightoftheirparents.Thissuggeststhattheinfluenceofotherfactors,suchassocialmobility,islimited.(他的团

队此前表明，孩子身高的最佳预测指标是父母的身高。这表明社会流动性等其他因素的影响是有限的。)”可知，文章主要研究影响人类身高的因素，故选B。阅读理解【浙江省嘉兴市2022-2023学年高三上学期9月基础测试】BookCoverArtContestDoyouhaveapassion

forpainting?Areyouwildaboutwatercolor?Areyouaphotographerwholovestorecordmomentsintheclickofabutton?The

nthisisyourchancetoseeyourworkdisplayedonthecoverofabook!TeenInkisseekingoutateentocreatecoverartforTeensTalk:AreYouListeni

ng?ByteenauthorMariaProulx!Writtenbyateenforteens,thebookdiscussesmattersrelevantinateen’slife.TeenInkisinterestedinallmediumsandthesk

y’sthelimit!Deadline:November15,2022Guidelines:●Format:6×9,300dpi.●TeenInkwillonlyconsiderphotosandartworkbyteens.●Thebestimagesforthe

bookcoverareclear,closeupandhighresolution.●Artworkmustbewellphotographed(noflash)andsubmitted.●Thereisnolimittothenumberofimagesyoucansubmit!●Becrea

tive;don’tbetooliteralinyourinterpretationoftheauthor’spoint.●Considerthethemeofthebook;Pleasedownloadanoutlineofthebookhere.Submissions:●Submite

ntriesthroughthislink.AllphotographsandartworksubmittedtoTeenInkareautomaticallyconsideredforthecoverartconte

st.Seeoursubmissionguidelinesformoreinformation.●Tomakesureyourartworkisincludedinthecontest,include“TeensTalkContest

”inthefirstpartofyourartwork’stitle(e.g.,TeensTalkContest:DigitalAddiction).1．Whatdoesthebook“TeensTalk:AreYouListening?”conc

ern?A．Issuesrelatedtoteenagelife.B．Skillsatdesigningabookcover.C．Teenagers’commentsonartwork.D．Vario

usmediumsofcommunication.2．Whichofthefollowingentriesmaybeconsidered?A．Aphototakenbyamiddle-agedperson.B．Apho

tosubmittedjustonedayaftertheduedate.C．Apaintingphotographedwithflashfromadistance.D．Apaintingwithcreativeide

asandbasedonthetheme.3．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Abookreview.B．Anofficialwebsite.C．Atrainingbrochure.D．Anadvertisingposter.

【答案】1．A2．D3．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文文。文章主要介绍了书籍封面艺术大赛的相关情况。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“ByteenauthorMariaProulx!Writtenbyateenforteens,thebookdiscussesmattersrelevanti

nateen’slife.(这本书是由一个青少年写给青少年们的，讨论了青少年生活中的相关问题。)”可知，《青少年谈话：你在听吗?》关注的是与青少年生活有关的问题。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据Guidelines:中的“●Tee

nInkwillonlyconsiderphotosandartworkbyteens.(TeenInk只考虑青少年的照片和艺术品。)”、“●Becreative;don’tbetooliteralinyourinterpretationoftheauthor’spoint.(●有创造力；在解

释作者的观点时，不要太逐字逐句。)”和“●Considerthethemeofthebook;Pleasedownloadanoutlineofthebookhere.(●考虑书的主题；请在这里下载这本书的大纲

。)”可知，一幅以主题为基础的有创意的画可以参选。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据Guidelines:中的“●Considerthethemeofthebook;Pleasedownloadanoutlineofthebookhere.(●考虑书的主题；

请在这里下载这本书的大纲。)”和Submissions:中的“Seeoursubmissionguidelinesformoreinformation.(更多信息请参见我们的提交指南。)”可推断，这段文字可能来自官方网站。故选B。Whenevermynine-ye

ar-olddaughterapproachedme,eyeswide,withanotebookandapen,tellingmeshewantedtoengageinagameofschool,som

ethinginsidemefroze.TherewasamentalblocksohugethatitfeltlikeIwasbeingaskedbyElonMusktomakeapresentatio

naboutartificialintelligence.So,ninetimesoutoften,Imadeanexcuse.Whyisitsohardtoplaywithmychild?IrealizethisisbecauseIhavenoideahowtopla

y.Ihavemanyhappymemoriesofmyyouth,butabsolutelynoneinvolvesplayingdollsorbuildingblockswithmyparents.Idon’tblam

ethembecausetheywereneverplayedwithaschildreneither.WhenIaskthemwhattheirownchildhoodswerelike,mydadtel

lsmeastoryaboutbeinglockedinacupboard,whilemymumrecallstheboxofbuttonsshewastoldtoamuseherselfwith.Therearestudiesshowinghowimportantplayisf

orachild’sgrowth,andnoendofpeoplecampaigningforouryoungtogetmoreofitatschool.ThepoetMichaelRosen,inhisBookofPlay,arguesplayisnotanextraandall

ofus,whateverage,coulddowithmoresillinessinourlives.AsRosenexplains,“Theneedforadultstobeproductivemember’sofsocietymeansweendu

pthinkingofthingsthatmakeuslaugh,orwhicharefuntodo,asnotbeingverysignificantorhavingverylittlevalue.”Thisisexactlywhyweneedtoplaymore.Itlightensthe

loadoflifeandallowsustogetbacktoachildlikestateofwonder.Playisvitaltohealth.AnditiswhyI’vestartedplaying

schoolgameswithmydaughter.Imanagedanentirehourandahalftheotherday—andafterwards,Ifelthappy.Agood20yearsyoung

er.4．Howdidtheauthorusetorespondtoherdaughter’srequestforagame?A．Shepretendedtobesurprised.B．Sheapologizedforbeingbusy.C．Shechoseto

avoidinvolvement.D．Sheturnedtoartificialintelligence.5．Whatdoestheauthorfocusonwhilegivinganexplanationinparagraph2?A．Thega

mecategory.B．Memorystrategies.C．Thegenerationgap.D．Childhoodexperiences.6．WhichofthefollowingwouldRosenprobablyagreewith?A．L

aughteristhebestmedicine.B．Playisnotonlyintendedforchildren.C．Thinkinglikeakidfreespeopleofstress.D．Stayin

gcuriousmakesaproductiveworker.7．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext?A．Childrengrowupwellinafunenvironment.B

．Familyinteractionstrengthenstheparent-childtie.C．Parentsoweittotheirchildrentoplaymorewiththem.D．Gamesa

reessentialforchildrenbothatschoolandathome.【答案】4．C5．D6．B7．C【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章指出玩耍对健康至关重要，父母应该多和自己的孩子玩耍。4．细节理解题。根据第一

段中的“TherewasamentalblocksohugethatitfeltlikeIwasbeingaskedbyElonMusktomakeapresentationaboutartificialintelligence.So,ninetimesoutoften,Im

adeanexcuse.(有一个巨大的精神障碍，让我感觉像是被ElonMusk邀请做一个关于人工智能的演讲。所以，十有八九，我找了个借口)”可知，当作者的女儿要求玩游戏时，她选择了避免参与。故选C。5．细节理解

题。根据第二段中的“Ihavemanyhappymemoriesofmyyouth,butabsolutelynoneinvolvesplayingdollsorbuildingblockswithmyparents.Idon’tblamethembe

causetheywereneverplayedwithaschildreneither.WhenIaskthemwhattheirownchildhoodswerelike,mydadtellsmeastoryaboutbeinglockedinacup

board,whilemymumrecallstheboxofbuttonsshewastoldtoamuseherselfwith.(我的童年有很多快乐的回忆，但绝对没有一个是和父母一起玩洋娃娃或搭积木的。我不怪

他们，因为他们小时候也没被玩过。当我问他们自己的童年是什么样子时，我爸爸给我讲了一个被锁在橱柜里的故事，而我妈妈则回忆起别人告诉她用来娱乐的一盒纽扣)可知，作者在第二段中解释时重点关注的是童年经历。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“ThepoetMichaelR

osen,inhisBookofPlay,arguesplayisnotanextraandallofus,whateverage,coulddowithmoresillinessinourlives.(诗人MichaelRosen在他的《玩耍之书》(BookofPlay)中指出，玩

耍并不是多余的，我们所有人，无论年龄多大，都可以在生活中多做些蠢事)”可推知，Rosen可能同意游戏不仅仅是为儿童设计的。故选B。7．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Therearestudiesshowinghowimpo

rtantplayisforachild’sgrowth,andnoendofpeoplecampaigningforouryoungtogetmoreofitatschool.(有研究表明玩耍对孩子的成长是多么重要，人们不断地呼吁我们的孩子

在学校里得到更多的玩耍)”及最后一段中的“Playisvitaltohealth.AnditiswhyI’vestartedplayingschoolgameswithmydaughter.(玩耍对健康至关重要。这就

是为什么我开始和我女儿一起玩学校里的游戏)”可推知，作者想在文中表达的意思是父母应该多和孩子玩，这是为了他们的孩子。故选C。Asanewmotherin2016,TashGorstwasscrolling(翻阅)thro

ughherphonewhenshefelldowntherabbitholeofreadingaboutplasticpollution.Fast-forwardto2019andshehadopenedGather,anorganiczero-wasteshop.Customers

cometoGathertorefilltheirowncontainerswitheverythingfromricetobeautyproducts.Andit’snotonlytheproducethatis

sustainable—theshopispoweredbyrenewableenergyandfinancedbyamoresustainablebank,whilealltheunitsinsidehavebeen

madefromwastematerials,mostlybyGorstherself.Zero-wasteshopshavebecomeanincreasinglycommonfeatureonthestr

eetsinrecentyears.Wheretheyhavegone,supermarketsnowlooksettofollow,withMorrisons,Marks&SpencerandWaitroseallrecentlyagreeingtoaddrefillstations

inshopsbytheendofthisyear.Meanwhile,Asdahasintroducedrefillaisles(过道)tomoreofitssupermarketsfollowingsuccessfultrials.Assmallstartupbu

sinessesaimingtomakeresponsibledecisionswithoutcuttingethical(道德上的)corners,refillshopstendtobemoreexpensivethansuper

marketsandchains.Gorstacknowledgesthatnoteveryonecanaffordtobuyfromthem.“Butifyoucan,youshould.You’llfeelgoodaboutthesmall

decisionthatyou’vemadeincontributingtoyourlocaleconomyanddoingsomethingthat’sbetterfortheplanet,”shesays.Emily,Drabbleisaregu

larGathercustomer.Shebuyseverythingthatwould“normallybeencasedinplastic”,fromcleaningproductstofoodli

kepasta,whichsheputsintoglasscontainers.“WhenIgethome,Iloveunpackingmyshopping,throwingnothinginthebin,”Drabblesays.Andcustomersatrefill

shopsgetmorethanjustphysicalgoods,notesGorst.Besidesemployingfourlocalpeople,Gather,forexample,holdsf

reeevents,includingamonthlybookclubforreadingaboutsustainability,workshopsforkidsandsoon.“Ialsoseeitasaplacetobringpeo

pletogether,”shesays.8．WhydoestheauthormentionGorst’srandomreadinginparagraph1?A．Toshareaparentingexperience.B．Toofferbackgroundinformation.C．Toattac

himportancetomotivation.D．Toshowadvantagesofdigitalreading.9．WhichofthefollowingisasignificantfeatureofGather?A．Itisruninanecologicallyfriendlyway.B

．Itsellssustainablegoodsatbargainprices.C．Itisonlyfavoredbycustomerswithagreenconcept.D．Itdiffersfromsupermarketsinlow-carbo

nawareness.10．WhatisDrabble’sattitudetowardsrefillshops?A．Amused.B．Critical.C．Objective.D．Enthusiastic.11．Whatdoestheexampleinthelastparag

raphimply?A．Peoplemayregardrefillshopsasfitnessclubs.B．Refillshopsoughttosharesomesocialresponsibilities.C．Peoplecanbenefit

morefromrefillshopsthanexpected.D．Refillshopsneedtoholdvariouseventstopromotesales.【答案】8．B9．A10．D11．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一名新妈妈TashGo

rst在翻阅手机时阅读到了关于塑料污染的内容时发现了一个“新世界”。到2019年，她开设了Gather，一家有机零废物商店，并取得很好的社会效应。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Asanewmotherin2016,TashGors

twasscrolling(翻阅)throughherphonewhenshefelldowntherabbitholeofreadingaboutplasticpollution.Fast-forwardto2019andshehadopenedGather

,anorganiczero-wasteshop.(2016年，TashGorst作为一名新妈妈，在翻阅手机时阅读到了关于塑料污染的内容时发现了一个“新世界”。快进到2019年，她开设了Gather，一家有机零废物商店)”及下文对TashGorst的介绍可推知，作者在第一段中提到Gorst的随

机阅读，以提供背景信息。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Andit’snotonlytheproducethatissustainable—theshopispoweredbyrenewableenergyandfina

ncedbyamoresustainablebank,whilealltheunitsinsidehavebeenmadefromwastematerials,mostlybyGorstherself

.(不仅仅农产品是可持续发展的——这家商店的能源是可再生能源，由一家更可持续发展的银行提供资金，而店内所有的部件都是由废料制成的，其中大部分是由Gorst自己制作的)”可知，Gather以生态友好的方式运行是它的一个重要特征。故选A。10．推

理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Emily,DrabbleisaregularGathercustomer.Shebuyseverythingthatwould“normallybeencasedinplastic”,fromcleaning

productstofoodlikepasta,whichsheputsintoglasscontainers.(Emily,Drabble是聚乐会的常客。她购买所有“通常用塑料包装”的东西，从清洁产品到意大利面等食物，她把它们

放进玻璃容器中)”可推知，Drabble对补货店的态度是热情的。故选D。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Andcustomersatrefillshopsgetmorethanjustphysicalgo

ods,notesGorst.Besidesemployingfourlocalpeople,Gather,forexample,holdsfreeevents,includingamonthlybookclubforreadingabo

utsustainability,workshopsforkidsandsoon.“Ialsoseeitasaplacetobringpeopletogether,”shesays.(Gorst指出，在补货商店的顾客得到的不仅仅是实物。例如，除了雇用四名当地人

外，Gather还举办免费活动，包括一个阅读可持续发展书籍的月度读书俱乐部、儿童研讨会等等。“我还认为这是一个让人们聚在一起的地方，”她说)”可推知，最后一段中的例子表明，人们可以从补货商店中获得比预期更多的好处。故选C。Somep

enguins(企鹅)adapttheircallstobecomemoresimilartotheirpartnersovertime,anabilitythatwaspreviouslyknowninonlyafewspecies,includinghumans.Luig

iBaciadonnaattheUniversityofTurin,Italy,andhiscoworkersrecordedAfricanpenguinsfromthreedifferentcolonies

(群体)overthreeyears,andalsoobservedthebehavioralpatternsofoneofthecoloniestoseewhichpenguinswerepartnersorfriendly.They

thenanalyzedspecificvocal(声音的)calls,whichthepenguinsmadewhentheywerealoneortryingtokeeptrackoftheirfrie

nds.Theycomparedfourdistinctvocalsignaturessuchasthefrequencyofthecalls.Thesignaturesbecamemoresimilarovertimeforpen

guinsthatwerepartnersorinthesamecolony,andforpenguinsthatheardmoreofeachother’scalls.Thisadaptationcouldmakeiteasierforp

enguinstofindtheirpartnersandfriendsinacolony.“Imaginethatyouareinapub,youarewithyourfriendsandyourenvironmentisquitenoisy,”saysBaciadonna

.“Whatyoudoistrytotalkinacertainwaysothatyourcommunicationismoreeffective.”Theabilitytoadaptcallsinresponsetotheenvironmen

t,knownasvocalaccommodation,isakeypartofvocallearning,amorecomplexsetofskillssuchasproducingnewsoundsthroughlearning.Identifyingwhichspeciesdisplayv

ocalaccommodationcouldprovidecluesforhowvocallearningdeveloped.Baciadonnaandhisteamalsoproposethatthisaccommodationcouldh

elpwithgroupharmonyandsocialbondsbetweenindividualpenguins.Thedistanceofpenguinsfromhumansontheevolutionarytreesuggeststhat

vocalaccommodationcouldbecommontomanyspecies,butalotmoredataneedsgatheringfirst.“Therecouldbeahugevarietyofdifferentspeciesthatareabletoadap

ttheircallsslightly,butwedon’tknowthatyet,”saysSaraTorresOrtizattheMaxPlanckInstituteforOrnithologyinMunich,Germany.12．W

hatdoestheunderlinedword“signatures”meaninparagraph3?A．Effects.B．Characteristics.C．Sources.D．Adjustments.13．Whatistheint

entionofthequotesfromBaciadonnainparagraph4?A．Toexplainthereasonwhypenguinsadapttheircalls.B．Tohighlighttherolecommunicationplaysinsocial

life.C．Toprovehumans’abilitytorecognizeeachother’svoices.D．Tostressthedifferencebetweenhumanandanimalsounds.14．Whatrema

instobeexploredaccordingtoSaraTorresOrtiz?A．Whetherpenguinscanpromotegroupharmony.B．Whetherallspeciescanadapttotheenvironment.C．Whetherm

orespeciesdisplayvocalaccommodation.D．Whetherpenguinsandhumansaresimilarinvocallearning.15．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Vocallearninginvolvesaco

mplexsetofskills.B．Vocalaccommodationhelpsbuildupsocialbonds.C．Penguinsproducesimilarsoundsevenindifferentcolonie

s.D．Penguinsadapttheiraccentstosoundmoreliketheirfriends.【答案】12．B13．A14．C15．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着时间的推移，一些企鹅会调整它们的叫声，使之与它们的伴侣更加相似

，这种能力以前只在包括人类在内的少数物种中被发现。新的研究发现声音上的适应有助于建立社会关系。12．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“becamemoresimilarovertimeforpenguinsthatwerepartnersorinthes

amecolony,andforpenguinsthatheardmoreofeachother’scalls(随着时间的推移，伴侣企鹅或同一群体的企鹅，以及听到更多彼此叫声的企鹅变得越来越相似)”可推知

，此处伴侣企鹅或同一群体的企鹅的声音特征变得越来越相似。由此推知，划线词signatures与Characteristics(特征，特色)意思接近。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据第四段中的““Imaginethatyouareinapub

,youarewithyourfriendsandyourenvironmentisquitenoisy,”saysBaciadonna.“Whatyoudoistrytotalkinacertainw

aysothatyourcommunicationismoreeffective.”(“想象一下，你在一家酒吧里，和朋友在一起，周围的环境非常嘈杂，”Baciadonna说。“你要做的就是试着用一种特定的方式说话，这样你的沟通就会更有效。”)”可推知，第四段引用Baci

adonna的话的目的是为了解释为什么企鹅会改变它们的叫声。故选A。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Therecouldbeahugevarietyofdifferentspeciesthatareabletoadapttheircallsslightly,butw

edon’tknowthatyet,”saysSaraTorresOrtizattheMaxPlanckInstituteforOrnithologyinMunich,Germany.(“可能有很多不同的物种能够轻微地适应它们的叫声，但我们还不知道

这一点，”德国慕尼黑马克斯·普朗克鸟类研究所的SaraTorresOrtiz说)”可推知，根据SaraTorresOrtiz的说法，是否有更多的物种表现出声音适应性还有待探索。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Somepen

guins(企鹅)adapttheircallstobecomemoresimilartotheirpartnersovertime,anabilitythatwaspreviouslyknowninonlyafewspecies,includinghum

ans.(随着时间的推移，一些企鹅会调整它们的叫声，使之与它们的伴侣更加相似，这种能力以前只在包括人类在内的少数物种中被发现)”及倒数第二段中的“Baciadonnaandhisteamalsoproposethatthisaccommodation

couldhelpwithgroupharmonyandsocialbondsbetweenindividualpenguins.(Baciadonna和他的团队还提出，这种适应可以帮助企鹅群体和谐和个体之间的社会联系)”可知，本文通过对企鹅改变声音的研究，表明了声音上的

适应有助于建立社会关系。故选B。阅读理解【浙江省十校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考】ThedazzlingbeautyofabandonedcinemasOldandhistoricalcinemasareallaroundusandyetsounnoticed.Anewphoto

bookunveilstheiroftenoverlookedbeauty.Loew’sPalaceTheatre,Bridgeport,ConnecticutOriginallyopenedasthePoli’sPalaceTheatrein1922byar

chitectThomasW.LambasoneofadoubletheatrecomplexalongwiththeadjacentPoli’sMajesticTheatre.In1934,boththeatresweretakenover

byLoew’sandoperatedasfilmtheatres.Inthelate1970s,anattempttoturnthebuildingintoaChristianRevivalCentrenevercametofruition.Thetheatreispresentlyv

acantandawaitingrestoration.MetropolitanOperaHouse,PhiladelphiaOriginallyfoundedasthePhiladelphiaOperaHousein

1908,itwasdesignedbylocalarchitectWilliamH.McElfatrick,whopresidedoverthedesignof40theatresinhiscareer.ThePhiladelphia

OperaHousewasdesignedforoperaimpresarioOscarHammersteinashisninthoperahouse.In1910,itwassoldtotheMetropolitanOperaofNewYorkCityan

dwasrenamedtheMet.Throughthe1920s,itshowedsilentfilmsinadditiontohostingvariousoperacompanies.Inthelate1930sitbecameabal

lroom,andinthe1940sasportsareaforbasketball,wrestling,andboxingevents.Itfinallyclosedin1954andwasturn

edintoachurch.Robin’sTheatre,Warren,OhioOpenedin1923,ithad1,500seats,andwasdesignedbyarchitectsI.J.GoldstonandDetroit-basedC．Ho

wardCrane.ItwasoperatedbyTheRobinsTheatreEnterprisesCo.,alocalcompanyfoundedbyDanielRobins,whowasanearlypartner

ofAlbertWarnerofWarnerBros.Itclosedin1974andwasvacantuntil2018,whenitwasrenovatedandreopenedasamultipurposevenuein202

0.1．Atpresent,whichcinemaareyoulikelytogotoforaconcert?A．Poli’sPalaceTheatre.B．Robin’sTheatre,Warren,Ohio.C．MetropolitanOperaHouse,Philadelphia.

D．Loew’sPalaceTheatre,Bridgeport,Connecticut.2．Whatdothethreecinemashaveincommon?A．Allofthemwererenamed.B．Allofthemarec

urrentlyinuse.C．Allofthemhavebeenrestored.D．Allofthemhaveundergonesomechanges.3．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Anillustratedmagazine.B．

Acampusposter.C．Atravelingbrochure.D．Aresearchpaper.【答案】1．B2．D3．A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三座剧院的历史和变化。1．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Itclosedin1974andwasvacantuntil2018,

whenitwasrenovatedandreopenedasamultipurposevenuein2020.(剧院于1974年关闭，一直空置到2018年，直到2020年重新装修，成为多功能剧院)”可知，现在，你可能会去Robin’sTheatre,Warren,Ohio听音乐会。故选B。2．细

节理解题。根据第二段中“In1934,boththeatresweretakenoverbyLoew’sandoperatedasfilmtheatres.Inthelate1970s,anattempttoturnthebuildingint

oaChristianRevivalCentrenevercametofruition.(1934年，这两家剧院都被勒夫接管，作为电影院运营。在20世纪70年代末，人们试图将这座建筑改造成基督教复兴中心，但最终未能实现)”；第三段中“Throughthe1920s,itshowedsilentfi

lmsinadditiontohostingvariousoperacompanies.Inthelate1930sitbecameaballroom,andinthe1940sasportsareaforbasketball,wrestling,andboxingeven

ts.Itfinallyclosedin1954andwasturnedintoachurch.(整个20世纪20年代，除了招待各种歌剧公司外，它还放映默片。在20世纪30年代后期，它变成了舞厅，在40年代成为了篮球、摔跤和拳击比赛的运动场地。它最终在1954年关闭，被改成了教堂)”

；第四段“Openedin1923,ithad1,500seats,andwasdesignedbyarchitectsI.J.GoldstonandDetroit-basedC.HowardCrane.ItwasoperatedbyTheRobinsTheatreEnter

prisesCo.,alocalcompanyfoundedbyDanielRobins,whowasanearlypartnerofAlbertWarnerofWarnerBros.Itclosedin197

4andwasvacantuntil2018,whenitwasrenovatedandreopenedasamultipurposevenuein2020.(它于1923年开放，有1500个座位，由

建筑师I.J.Goldston和底特律的C.HowardCrane设计。剧院由DanielRobins创办的当地公司罗宾斯剧院企业有限公司运营，罗宾斯是华纳兄弟公司阿尔伯特·华纳的早期合伙人。剧院于1974年关闭，一直空置到2018年，直到2020年重新装修，

成为多功能剧院)”可知，这三家电影院的共同点是它们都经历了一些变化。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Oldandhistoricalcinemasareallaroundusandyetsounnoticed.Anewp

hotobookunveilstheiroftenoverlookedbeauty.(我们周围到处都是古老的、历史悠久的电影院，但却鲜为人知。一本新的摄影集揭示了它们经常被忽视的美丽)”可推知，文章选自插图杂志。故选A。Thepipingplover

isalreadyoneofthemostendangeredbirdsintheGreatLakesareaofthenorthernUnitedStates.Now,therisingwaterlevelsofLa

keMichiganfurtherthreatenthebirdsandtheareaswheretheylive.PoolsofwaterareformingbehindseveralplovernestsalongSleepingB

earDunesNationalLakeshoreinthestateofMichigan.ThewatersofLakeMichiganarenowonlyafewmetersfromtheplovers’nestingar

ea.Theirhomecouldbeonestormawayfromdestruction.VinceCavalieriworkswiththeU.S.FishandWildlifeService.HetoldtheAPthatthehighwaterlevelsputploversi

nmoredangerthanmostotherbirdgroups.Thatisbecausetheareaswheretheylivehavebeendisappearing.HeaddedthatsomenestsontheCanadiansideoftheGreatLakesalsoh

avebeensweptaway.TheGreatLakesgenerallyrisewiththemeltingsnowandrainstormsofspring,andfallduringthedrierSummermonths.Howeve

r,somescientistsbelieveclimatechangeiscausingmorechangesinwaterlevels.Inarecentreport,researchersDre

wGronewoldandRichardRoodsaid,“QuickchangesbetweenextremehighandlowwaterlevelsintheGreatLakesrepresentthe‘newnormal.’”Ifthatistrue,thepipi

ngploverscouldbeatgreaterrisk.Theirnumbersalreadyhavedroppedbecauseofshorelinedevelopment.Thefederalgovernme

ntliststhebirdsasthreatenedinthenorthernGreatPlainsandalongtheAtlanticcoast.Recoveryprojectsarehelping,however.In2017,officialscounted76breed

ingpairsofplovers.Lastyear,theycounted67.Cavalieriofthefishandwildlifeserviceexpectstoseesimilarnumbersthisyear.Mostofthisy

ear’splovereggswillhatchbytheendofJune.4．Howdoestheauthordemonstratetheseverityofthepipingplover’slivingconditions?A．

Bymakingcomparison.B．Bylistingdetailedevidence.C．Bygivingexamples.D．Bymakingpredictions.5．Whyareploversmoreendangeredthanmostotherbirds?A．They

aretoosensitivetoclimatechanges.B．Theirnestsarenotstrongenoughtostandastorm.C．Thefederalgovernmentthinkslittleofprotec

tingplovers.D．Theirhabitatsaregreatlydestroyedduetotherisingwaterlevels.6．Whatcouldputthepipingploverinagreaterdanger?A．Theirho

mesaredisappearingrapidly.B．Theirnumbersaredecreasingdramatically.C．Theshorelinedevelopmentisswiftandunavoidable.D．Theextre

mechangesinwaterlevelswilloccurfrequently.7．WhatisVinceCavalieri’sattitudetowardsthefutureofthepipingplover?A．Suspicious.B．Concerned.C．Optimistic.D．O

bjective.【答案】4．B5．D6．D7．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了thepipingplover已经是美国北部五大湖地区最濒危的鸟类之一，而密歇根湖水位的上升进一步威胁到鸟类和它们生活的地区。4．推理判断题。根据文章中的第二段“Poolsof

waterareformingbehindseveralplovernestsalongSleepingBearDunesNationalLakeshoreinthestateofMichigan.Thewaters

ofLakeMichiganarenowonlyafewmetersfromtheplovers’nestingarea.Theirhomecouldbeonestormawayfromdestruction.(

密歇根州睡熊沙丘国家湖岸边的几只plover巢穴后面形成了水池。密歇根湖的水域现在离plover的巢穴只有几米远。一场风暴就能摧毁他们的家园)”可知，作者通过列出详细的证据来证明thepipingplover生活条件的严峻性。故选B项。5．细节理解题。根据第三段中

“VinceCavalieriworkswiththeU.S.FishandWildlifeService.HetoldtheAPthatthehighwaterlevelsputploversinmoredanger

thanmostotherbirdgroups.Thatisbecausetheareaswheretheylivehavebeendisappearing.(VinceCavalieri就职于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局

。他告诉美联社，高水位使珩类比大多数其他鸟类更危险。这是因为他们居住的地区正在消失)”可知，鸻鸟比其他鸟类更濒临灭绝的原因是因为他们居住的地区正在消失。故选D项。6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Inarecentreport,researchersDr

ewGronewoldandRichardRoodsaid,“QuickchangesbetweenextremehighandlowwaterlevelsintheGreatLakesrepresentthe‘newnormal.’”(在最近的一份报告中，研究人

员德鲁·格罗沃尔德和理查德·鲁德说:“五大湖水位在极高和极低之间的快速变化代表着‘新常态’。”)”以及第五段第一句中“Ifthatistrue,thepipingploverscouldbeatgreate

rrisk.(如果这是真的，管状珩可能面临更大的风险)”可知，水位的极端变化会频繁发生使管状珩鸟处于更大的危险中。故选D项。7．推理判读题。根据最后一段中的“Recoveryprojectsarehel

ping,however.In2017,officialscounted76breedingpairsofplovers.Lastyear,theycounted67.Cavalieriofthefishandwild

lifeserviceexpectstoseesimilarnumbersthisyear.Mostofthisyear’splovereggswillhatchbytheendofJune.(然而，恢复项目正在发挥作用。2017年，官方统计了76对繁殖的鸻。去年，这一数字为67

。鱼类和野生动物管理局的Cavalieri预计今年会看到类似的数字。今年大部分的珩鸟蛋将在六月底孵化)”可知，Cavalieri认为今年会有鸻繁殖，这说明恢复项目正在发挥作用，由此可推知，Cavalieri对管状珩科鸟的未来持乐观态度。故选C项。Lonelinessisbadforyourheal

th.So,inthesedaysofCOVID-19,whenenforcedsolitude(独处)istheorderofthedayinmanyplaces,howtostopsolitudeturningintolonelinessisapressingm

edicalquestion.Onepartoftheansweristotrytounderstandthephysiology(生理)ofthechange.StevenColeoftheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,beganhisw

orkwithJohnCacioppooftheUniversityofChicago.Theyaddressedthatquestionbyrepeatedlyobservingsocialisolationinindividualvolunteers,whilesimulta

neouslytrackingfrombloodsamples,theirgene-expressionpatternsandotherchangesintheirphysiology.Theyfou

ndthat,initially,volunteers’feelingsofisolationarerelatedtoanincreaseintheirinflammationgenes(炎症基因)activitywhicharealsoknowntotrav

elintothebrainandpromoteanxiety.Theyalsonotedthatincreasedlevelsinthiskindofbrainactivityinturnimproveinflammationandcausebehaviorssuchass

ocialwithdrawal,feelingsofsuspiciontowardstheoutsideworldandatendencytoactmoredefensivelybymakingdecisionsthatinvolvefewrisks.That,ofcourse,promotesf

urtherfeelingsofloneliness.Itseems,therefore,thatthoughlonelinessstartswithsolitude,itcanquicklytakeonaphysiologicallifeofitsown.Therefore

,dealingwiththelonelinesscausedbyenforcedisolationwillnotbeasimplematterofallowingpeopletosocialiseonceag

ain.Insearchofthat,Dr.Colecarriedoutaseriesofexperimentsthatencouragedlonelypeopletodirectsimpleactsofkindnesstowardstheirfel

lowcreatures:thingslikebuyinggroceriesforanelderlyneighbourorhelpingacolleague.Thosedirectedtoshowkindnesshadpreciselytheopposit

einflammationgenesactivitytothatpreviouslyseeninthelonelybyDr.Cole.Theyfoundthatinthecaseofloneliness,thesayin

g:beingmoreblessedtogivethantoreceiveistrue.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“thatquestion”inparagraph3referto?A．Whatphy

sicalchangeshappenduringsocialisolation?B．Howcanwegetridofsolitudeandloneliness?C．Whatisthedifferencebetweensolitudeandloneliness?D

．Whatarethesymptomsoflonelinesscausedbysolitude?9．WhyisitdifficultforpeopletoescapefromlonelinessaftertheendofCOVID-1

9?A．Theirphysiologicallifehastransformedtheirgenesandbehaviors.B．Theyhaveexperiencedvariousnegativeemotionswhenbeingalone.C．Theyarefacingaph

ysiologicalmatterratherthansimplyamentalstate.D．Theirsociallifehasbeengreatlychangedduetomonthsofsolitude.10．AccordingtoStevenCole,whichoft

hefollowingmayworktodealwithloneliness?A．Buyingfoodforthehomeless.B．Socialisingmorewithneighbors.C．Exercisingmoretoreduceanxiety.D．Con

ductingexperimentsoninflammation.11．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．FrighteningLoneliness:IncreaseInflammation.B．Solitudea

ndItsConsequences:FightLoneliness.C．TheUnavoidableProblems:SolitudeandLoneliness.D．AGround-breakingFinding:LonelinessCuredbyGiving.【答案】8．B9．C10．A1

1．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了孤独如何对人的健康有害，以及解决办法。8．词句猜测题。分析第三段中的“thatquestion”为代指，代指前文提到的问题。所以根据第一段中“So,inthesedaysofC

OVID-19,whenenforcedsolitudeistheorderofthedayinmanyplaces,howtostopsolitudeturningintolonelinessisapressingmedicalquestion.(

因此，在COVID-19的这些日子里，强迫独处在许多地方成为了日常秩序，如何防止独处变成孤独是一个紧迫的医学问题)”以及第二段“Onepartoftheansweristotrytounderstandthephysiologyofthechange.(解决这个问题的方法之一是尝

试理解这种变化的生理机制)”可知，“thatquestion”指的是我们怎样才能摆脱孤独和寂寞。故选B项。9．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Theyalsonotedthatincreasedlevelsinthiskindofbrainactivityinturnimpro

veinflammationandcausebehaviorssuchassocialwithdrawal,feelingsofsuspiciontowardstheoutsideworldandatendencytoactmored

efensivelybymakingdecisionsthatinvolvefewrisks.That,ofcourse,promotesfurtherfeelingsofloneliness.Itseems,therefore,thatthoughlonelinessstartswithsol

itude,itcanquicklytakeonaphysiologicallifeofitsown.(他们还注意到，这种大脑活动水平的增加反过来会改善炎症，并导致诸如社交退缩、对外界产生怀疑的感觉，以及倾向于通过做出很少涉及风险的决定来采取更防御性的行动。当然，这进一步促进了孤独感。因此，虽

然孤独始于独处，但它可以很快形成自己的生理生活)”可知，由独处引起的孤独，会很快形成自己的生理生活，所以新冠肺炎疫情结束后，人们独处了很长一段时间，他们面对的是生理问题，而不仅仅是精神状态，所以很难摆脱孤独。故选C项。10．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Insearchofthat,Dr.Col

ecarriedoutaseriesofexperimentsthatencouragedlonelypeopletodirectsimpleactsofkindnesstowardstheirfellowcreatures:thingslikebuyinggrocerie

sforanelderlyneighbourorhelpingacolleague.Thosedirectedtoshowkindnesshadpreciselytheoppositeinflammationgenesactivitytothatprevio

uslyseeninthelonelybyDr.Cole.(为了寻找这一点，科尔博士进行了一系列实验，鼓励孤独的人对他们的同伴做出简单的善举：比如为年长的邻居购买食品杂货或帮助同事。那些表现友善的人的炎症基因活性与科尔博士之前在孤独的人身上看到的恰恰相反)”可知，根据史蒂文·科尔的说法，帮助他人，

做出善举可以有效应对孤独。故选A项。11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Lonelinessisbadforyourhealth.So,inthesedaysofCOVID-19,whenenforcedsolitudei

stheorderofthedayinmanyplaces,howtostopsolitudeturningintolonelinessisapressingmedicalquestion.(孤独对你的健康有害。因此

，在COVID-19的这些日子里，强迫独处在许多地方成为了日常秩序，如何防止独处变成孤独是一个紧迫的医学问题)”可知，本文主要讲述的是如何防止独处变成孤独，然后作者讲述了独处变成孤独的生理机制，以及如何战胜孤独，所以文章的最好的标题应该是B项

“SolitudeandItsConsequences:FightLoneliness.(孤独及其影响：战胜孤独)”。故选B项。DowningStreetwillreceiveaspecialdeliveryfrom

postmastersthisafternoon,thecountry’sbiggesteverpetition(请愿书)inmoderntimes,Fourmillionpeoplehaveback

edacampaign,urgingthegovernmenttosaveBritain’spostoffices.Morethanfourthousandpostofficeshaveclosedsince1999forfin

ancialreasons;therestarelosinguptoaquarterofabillionpoundsayear.TheSaintLevanValleyPostOfficenearPlymouthfacesclosure.Itisoneoftho

usandsthatarenotcommerciallypracticalandcosttaxpayersoverahundredandfiftymillionpoundsayearinsubsidies.Andyetth

ecustomersheredon’tcareifthepostofficemakesmoney,theysayit’sasociallifelineforthecommunity.“We’vehadpeoplemovedtotearsherea

ttheverythoughtoflosingtheirpostoffice.Itssuchavitalpartofthecommunity.”That’swhyhundredsofpostmastershavearrivedinLondonthismorningt

oremonstratewithwhattheycalladeathbyathousandcuts.Thegovernmenthasremovedsomanyservicesfrombranchesthatmanywouldbeforce

dtoclose.Thisafternoonthey’llhandinapetitionsignedbyfourmillionpeoplewhichtheyhopewouldpreempt(先发制人)anygovernmentann

ouncementoncuts.Andatthetopofthelistofcomplaints:theplannedwithdrawalofthePostOfficecardaccount,usedbymillionstoaccesspensionsandben

efits.Therearemany,manypeoplewhostillwant,andwhobudgetonbeingabletogettheirmoneyfromtheirpensionandotherbenefit

seachweekincashatpostoffice,andthatisthebottomline.Thisindustrywantsreformandmodernization,butnottheill-planneddestruc

tionofthenetwork.“Theyhavetobepractical.Whatwewannadoismakesurethattheycanbepractical.Sointhesamewayasapubusedtobetied

toonebrewery,wewanttofreeuppostofficestohavelotsofproducts,sotheycanhaveamuchbetterincomeflow,andtherefore,stayopen.”12．Whyhasthegovernmentclo

sedsomanypostoffices?A．Thepostofficesfailtomakeaprofit.B．Thegovernmentisforcedtodosobythepublic.C．Thegovernmentdecidesto

makeitmorecommercial.D．ThepostofficesareofnousebecauseoftheInternet.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“remonstratewith”meaninparagraph3?A．Negotiatew

ith.B．Votefor.C．Standby.D．Protestagainst.14．Whatisprobablythekeyserviceofthepostofficesforcommonpeople?A．Topostletters.B．Towithdrawpensions.C．Tostren

gthencommunitybonds.D．Toprotestagainstill-plannedcuts.15．Whyis“apub”mentionedinthelastparagraph’?A．Topredictthefutur

eofpostoffices.B．Toindicatethesuccessofpubbusiness.C．Tosuggestarealisticwaytokeeppostofficesopen.D．Toexplaintheconnectionbetweenpubsandposto

ffices.【答案】12．A13．D14．B15．C【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了英国政府大量关闭邮局，引起了社会反弹，以及提出解决的办法。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Morethanfourthousandpostofficeshaveclosedsin

ce1999forfinancialreasons;therestarelosinguptoaquarterofabillionpoundsayear.（自1999年以来，已有4000多家邮局因财政原因关闭；其余的每年损失高达25亿英镑）”可知，英国政府关闭这么多

邮局是因为邮局没有盈利。故选A项。13．词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“We’vehadpeoplemovedtotearshereattheverythoughtoflosingtheirpostoffice.Itssuch

avitalpartofthecommunity.（我们这里的人们一想到要失去他们的邮局就热泪盈眶。这是社区的重要组成部分）”以及第四段“Thisafternoonthey’llhandinapetitionsignedbyfourmillionpeoplewhichtheyhopewouldpr

eemptanygovernmentannouncementoncuts.（今天下午，他们将递交一份由400万人签署的请愿书，他们希望这份请愿书能够优先于任何政府宣布的削减开支）”可知，很多英国人不想关闭邮局，所以可推知数百名邮政局

长是去伦敦抗议的。故选D项。14．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Andatthetopofthelistofcomplaints:theplannedwithdrawalofthePostOfficecardaccount,usedbymillionstoa

ccesspensionsandbenefits.Therearemany,manypeoplewhostillwant,andwhobudgetonbeingabletogettheirmoneyfromtheirp

ensionandotherbenefitseachweekincashatpostoffice,andthatisthebottomline.（排在投诉名单前列的是，数百万人用于领取养老金和福利的邮局卡账

户的计划取款。还有很多很多人仍然想要，他们每周都会在邮局以现金形式从养老金和其他福利中获得资金，这就是底线）”可知，邮局为老百姓提供的主要服务可能是提取养老金。故选B项。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后

一句“Sointhesamewayasapubusedtobetiedtoonebrewery,wewanttofreeuppostofficestohavelotsofproducts,sotheycanhaveamuchbetterinc

omeflow,andtherefore,stayopen.（因此，就像酒吧过去被捆绑在一家啤酒厂上一样，我们希望解放邮局，让它们拥有更多的产品，这样它们就可以有更好的收入流，从而继续营业）”可知，最后一段提到“apub”的原因是用酒吧举例，提出一个切实可行的办法让邮局继续营业。故选

C项。阅读理解【浙江省镇海中学2022-2023学年高三上学期英语模拟】HANDSTITCHEDWORLDS:THECARTOGRAPHYOFQUILTSQuilts(床罩)areanarrativeart;withthemesthata

repolitical,spiritual,communal,orcommemorative,theyareinfusedwithhistoryandmemory,mappingoutintimatestoriesandlegaciesthroug

hahandcraftedlanguageofdesign.HandstitchedWorlds:TheCartographyofQuiltsisaninvitationtoreadquiltsasmaps,tracingthepat

hsofindividualhistoriesthatilluminatelargerhistoriceventsandculturaltrends.Spanningthenineteenthtotwenty-firstc

enturies,thisinsightfulandengagingexhibitionbringstogether18quiltsfromthecollectionoftheAmericanFolkArtMuseum,NewYork,represent

ingarangeofmaterials,motifs,andtechniquesfromtraditionalearly-Americanquiltstomorecontemporarysculpturalassemblages.ThequiltsinHandstitchedWorl

dsshowushowthistoo-oftenoverlookedmediumbalancescreativitywithtradition,individualitywithcollectivezeitgeist.Likearoadmap,theseuniquew

orksofferapathtoadeeperunderstandingoftheAmericanculturalfabric.NumberofWorks:18quiltsOrganizedby:American

FolkArtMuseum,NewYorkApproximatesize:175-200linearfeetSecurity:ModeratesecurityParticipationFee:PleaseinquireShipping:IA&Amakesallar

rangements;exhibitorspayoutgoingshippingcostswithinthecontiguousU.S.BookingPeriod:12weeksTour:June2021—August2024Contact:TravelingExhibi

tions@ArtsandArtists.orgLeighYawkeyWoodsonArtMuseum,Wausau,WIJune12,2021—August29,2021WashingtonStateHistoricalSociety,Taco

ma,WASeptember17,2021—January23,2022UtahMuseumofFineArts,SaltLakeCity,UTFebruary19,2022—May14,2022FortWayneMuesumofArt,FortWayne

,INJune18,2022—September11,2022AVAILABLEOctober2022—January2023DaneG.HansenMemorialMuseum,Logan,KSFebruary17,2023—May14,2023AVAILABLEJune2023—Dec

ember2023LaurenRogersMuseumofArt,Laurel,MSJanuary30,2024—April21,2024AVAILABLEMay2024—August2024Alltourdatescanbe

customizedtomeetyourschedulingneeds.PleasecontactTravelingExhibitions@ArtsandArtists.orgformoreinformation.1．WhatisthepurposeoftheexhibitionofHandst

itchedWorlds:TheCartographyofQuilts?A．Topromotecreativityandindividualitythoroughtheengagingexhibition.B．Toprovideanopp

ortunityforvisitorstolearntomakequiltsstitchbystitch.C．TogivevisitorsaninsightintothehistoryandcultureofAmericainspecificperiods.D．

ToenrichtheunderstandingoftheAmericanculturebyatourvisittomuseumsacrossAmerica.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothearti

cle?A．Theexhibitionisfreebothfortheexhibitorsandforthevisitors.B．Exhibitorsthatareinterestedcanchoosewhateverdatestheywant.C．Th

eartisticandhistoricvalueofhandstitchedquiltsusedtobeneglected.D．Exhibitorsthatareinterestedcanbooktheexhibition12weeksinadvance

.3．Thearticleiswrittento_________.A．exhibitorsB．visitorsC．artistsD．historians【答案】1．C2．D3．A【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了展览活动“手工缝制的世界:被子的绘图”的参展相关信息。1．推理判

断题。根据文章第二段“Spanningthenineteenthtotwenty-firstcenturies,thisinsightfulandengagingexhibitionbringstogether18quiltsfromthecollectionoftheAmeri

canFolkArtMuseum,NewYork,representingarangeofmaterials,motifs,andtechniquesfromtraditionalearly-Americanquiltstomorecontem

porarysculpturalassemblages.”（从19世纪到21世纪，这个深刻而迷人的展览汇集了来自纽约美国民间艺术博物馆的18款被子，代表了从传统的早期美国被子到更现代的雕塑组合的一系列材料、图案和技术。）及“Likea

roadmap,theseuniqueworksofferapathtoadeeperunderstandingoftheAmericanculturalfabric.”（这些独特的作品就像一张路线图，为深入了解美国文化结构提供了途径。）可知，“手工缝制的世界：拼布地图”展览的目的是为

了让游客通过从19世纪到21世纪不同时期的被子，了解美国特定时期的历史和文化。故选C项。2．细节理解题。根据文章关键信息“BookingPeriod:12weeks”（预定时间周期：12周）可知，有兴趣的

参展商可提前12周预订。故选D项。3．推理判断题。根据文章关键句“Shipping:IA&Amakesallarrangements;exhibitorspayoutgoingshippingcostswithinthecontiguousU.S.”（航运：IA&A做所有安排；

参展商在美国本土支付运费）及“Alltourdatescanbecustomizedtomeetyourschedulingneeds.”（所有的巡展日期可以定制，以满足您的日程安排需要。）可推测，本文是写给参展商的。故选A项。Somedoc

umentshavebeenmakingtheroundslately—wherepeoplewhoworkvariouspositionsindifferentindustriessharehowmuchthey’repaid.Bravo!It’s

abouttimeweblewupthatoldbeliefthatsalarieshavetostaysecret.Thisisnotjustamatterofcuriosity.Havinginformationabout

salariescanhelpnarrowthegenderwagegap,whichhasbarelychangedformorethanadecade.RecentlyreleaseddatefromtheUSCensusBureaushowsth

at,onaverage,womenworkingfulltimestillarepaidonly82centsforeverydollarpaidtoaman.Andthegapisevenwiderformanywomenofcolor:Blackw

omenmake62cents,andLatinasjust54cents.What’smore,thepaygapevenextendsintoherretirement.Becausesheearnedlessandthereforepaidlesstothesocialsecu

ritysystem,shereceiveslessinsocialsecuritybenefits.Havinggreateraccesstosalaryinformationishelpingtospeedthingsup.Anewre

searchreportbytheAmericanAssociationofUniversityWomenshowsthatthewagegaptendstobesmallerinjobsectorsw

herepaytransparency(透明)isamust.Forexample,amongfederalgovernmentworkers,there’sjusta13percentpaydifferenceb

etweenmenandwomen,andinstategovernment,thegapisabout17percent.Butinprivate,for-profitcompanies,wheresalariesareg

enerallykeptunderwraps,thegenderwagegapjumpsto29percent.Fortunately,salaryinformationisincreasinglyavailableonsomewebsites.Certaincomp

aniesandmanyhumanresourcesdepartmentsarepushingaheadwiththispractice.Ofcourse,it’sgoingtotakemorethansalarytransparencytoequalizeearningsbetwee

nwomenandmen.Butsharingsalariescanandmustbepartofthesolution.Themoreinformationwomenhaveabouthowjobsarevalu

ed—andwhatdifferentpeopleearn—thebettertheywillunderstandtheirvalueinthelabormarketandbeabletopushforthepaytheydeserve.4．Wh

yarethefiguresmentionedinparagraph2?A．Torevealtheseverityofgenderwagegap.B．Toconfirmthepreviousbeliefaboutsalaries.C．Tosatisfyreaders’curiosityab

outothers’salaries.D．Toappealtoreaderstosharetheirsalaryinformation.5．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Theinequalitybetweenmenandwomen.B．The

needtokeepsalaryinformationasecret.C．Theadvantageofworkingforthegovernment.D．Thebenefitofmakingsalaryinformationpublic.6．Whatistheaut

hor’sattitudetowardssharingsalaryinformation?A．Critical.B．Favourable.C．UncleanD．Negative.7．Whichofthefollowingisthebes

ttitleforthepassage?A．WhyItPaystoShareHowMuchYouMakeB．WhereSalaryInformationDifferenceLiesC．WhatItTakestoRealizeGenderEqualityD．

HowWoman’sValueImprovesatWork.【答案】4．A5．D6．B7．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，性别和种族会影响男女个人收入，而将收入信息公开有助于缩小性别工资差距，实现男女收入平等，帮助女性争取应

得的薪酬。4．推理判断题。由第二段中的“Havinginformationaboutsalariescanhelpnarrowthegenderwagegap,whichhasbarelychangedformorethanadecade.Recentlyreleasedd

atefromtheUSCensusBureaushowsthat,onaverage,womenworkingfulltimestillarepaidonly82centsforeverydollarpaidtoaman.Andthegap

isevenwiderformanywomenofcolor:Blackwomenmake62cents,andLatinasjust54cents.What’smore,thepaygapevenextendsintoherretiremen

t.(了解薪资信息有助于缩小性别工资差距，这一差距十多年来几乎没有变化。美国人口普查局最近公布的数据显示，平均而言，全职工作的女性比男性在被付报酬一美元时，仍然只能得到82美分的报酬。对于许多有色人种女性

来说，差距甚至更大：黑人女性挣62美分，拉丁裔女性只挣54美分。更重要的是，工资差距甚至延伸到她的退休)”可知，性别工资差距十多年来几乎没有变化，这种性别工资差距会延伸到女性的退休，通过提到这些数字能揭示性别工资差距的严重性。故选A项。5．主旨大意题。

由第三段“Havinggreateraccesstosalaryinformationishelpingtospeedthingsup.AnewresearchreportbytheAmericanAss

ociationofUniversityWomenshowsthatthewagegaptendstobesmallerinjobsectorswherepaytransparency(透明)isamust.Forexample,

amongfederalgovernmentworkers,there’sjusta13percentpaydifferencebetweenmenandwomen,andinstategovernment,thegapisabout17percent.But

inprivate,for-profitcompanies,wheresalariesaregenerallykeptunderwraps,thegenderwagegapjumpsto29percent.(更方便地获取薪资信息有助于加快缩小性别工资

差距速度。美国大学女性协会的一份最新研究报告显示，在薪酬必须透明的就业领域，工资差距往往较小。例如，在联邦政府工作人员中，男女之间的工资差距只有13%，而在州政府中，这一差距约为17%。但在私人盈利性公司，工资通常是保密的，性别工资差距跃升至29%)”可知，薪资信息公开有

助于加快缩小性别工资差距速度，薪资信息透明的就业领域，工资差距往往较小，薪资信息保密的就业领域，工资差距往往较大，第三段主要讲公开薪资信息的好处。故选D项。6．推理判断题。由第二段中的“Bravo!It’sabouttimeweblewu

pthatoldbeliefthatsalarieshavetostaysecret.Thisisnotjustamatterofcuriosity.Havinginformationaboutsalariescanhelpna

rrowthegenderwagegap(好极了！是时候打破工资必须保密的旧观念了。这不仅仅是好奇的问题。了解薪资信息有助于缩小性别工资差距)”和最后一段中的“Fortunately,salaryinformationisincr

easinglyavailableonsomewebsites.(幸运的是，一些网站上的薪资信息越来越多)”可知，作者认为打破工资必须保密的旧观念太好了，这有助于缩小性别工资差距，还认为一些网站上的薪资信息公开是一件幸运的事，可得出作者

对分享薪资信息持支持（Favourable）态度。故选B项。7．主旨大意题。由第二段中的“Havinginformationaboutsalariescanhelpnarrowthegenderwage

gap(了解薪资信息有助于缩小性别工资差距)”，第三段中的“Havinggreateraccesstosalaryinformationishelpingtospeedthingsup.(更方便地获取薪资信息有助于加快缩小性别工资差距速度)”和最后一段中的

“Ofcourse,it’sgoingtotakemorethansalarytransparencytoequalizeearningsbetweenwomenandmen.(当然，要实现男女收入平等

，需要的不仅仅是工资透明度)”及“Themoreinformationwomenhaveabouthowjobsarevalued—andwhatdifferentpeopleearn—thebettertheywil

lunderstandtheirvalueinthelabormarketandbeabletopushforthepaytheydeserve.(女性掌握的关于工作价值和不同人群收入的信息越多，她们就越能理解自己在劳动力市场

中的价值，并能够争取应得的薪酬)”可知，男女存在性别工资差距，而薪资信息公开有助于缩小性别工资差距，实现男女收入平等，帮助女性争取应得的薪酬，因此薪资信息公开很重要、很有用，A项“为什么分享你的收入是值得的”符合文意。故选A项。Monop

oly(大富翁)isaverypopularboardgamearoundtheworldtoday,butlittleisknownaboutitsAmericaninventor,ElizabethMagie,andth

ephilosophybehindherinvention.Bornin1866,Magiewasarebelagainstthenormsandpoliticsofhertimes.InspiredbyHenryGeorgewhobelievedthatallmenshouldhav

eanequalrighttousethelandastheyhavetobreatheair,shechallengedthecapitalistsystemofpropertyownership—intheformofaboardgame.

In1904,shepatentedherLandlord’sGame,whichconsistedofacircuitofstreetsandlandmarksforsale.Magie’sgamecontainedtwosetsofrules:ThePro

sperityrulesandtheMonopolistrules.TheProsperityrulesstatedthateveryplayershouldgaineachtimesomeoneacquire

danewproperty.Thegamewaswon(byall!)whentheplayerstartingwiththeleastmoneydoubledhisorherfortune.UnderM

onopolistrules,ontheotherhand,eachplayeradvancedbyacquiringpropertiesandcollectingrentfromallwholandedtherelater.Whoev

ermanagedtobankrupttheotherplayerswonthegame.Thepurposeofthedualsetsofrules,saidMagie,wasforplayerstounderstandhowthesedifferentapproachestopr

opertycanleadtodifferentsocialoutcomes:“allwin”or“winall.”ThegamesoonbecameahitoncollegecampusesandamongQuakercommun

ities,andsomepeoplemodifiedthegameboard.AnunemployedplayernamedCharlesDarrowsoldthismodifiedversiontothemanufacturerPar

kerBrothersashisown.However,whenthegame’strueorigincametolight,ParkerBrothersboughtthepatentfromMagieforonly$500.Theythenre-laun

chedthegameasMonopoly,includingonlytherulesleadingtothetriumphofoneoverall.Darrowwaspublicizedastheinventorwhohadbecomeamillionairefromsellingt

hegame.Thusarags-to-richesmythwascreated,ironicallyexemplifyingMonopoly’simplicit(含蓄的)values:Chasewealthandcrushyouroppone

ntsifyouwanttocomeoutontop.8．Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A．Thecreationandmodificationofaboardgame.B．Afightbetweenpatentownersofapopulargame.C．As

ocio-economicvictorybehindalandlordgame.D．Thepersonwhobecameamillionairefromafungame.9．WhatwasthemainpurposeofMagie’sProsperityrul

es?A．Toemphasizethevalueofthecapitalistsystem.B．Tointroducedifferentapproachestoobtainingnewland.C．Toadvocatethatallshoul

dberewardedwhenoneacquireswealth.D．TochallengeGeorge’sideathatmenshouldhaveanequalrighttotheland.10．Wha

tdoes“arags-to-richesmyth”refertointhelastparagraph?A．AmodifiedversionofMonopoly.B．Darrow’ssuccessaftersellingthegame.

C．ParkerBrothers’purchaseofMagie’spatent.D．Thepopularityofthegameoncollegecampuses.11．Whichofthefoll

owingwouldbestdescribeMagie’sfeelingstowardtoday’sversionofhergame?A．Excited.B．Relieved.C．Doubtful.D．Displeased.【

答案】8．A9．C10．B11．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名桌游大富翁的由来以及演变。8．文章大意题。根据第一段“Monopoly(大富翁)isaverypopularboardgamearoundtheworldtoday,b

utlittleisknownaboutitsAmericaninventor,ElizabethMagie,andthephilosophybehindherinvention.(《大富翁》是当今世界上一款非常流行的棋类游戏，但人们对其美国发明家伊丽莎白·马奇及其发明背后的哲学知之甚少)”以及

全文可知，本篇文章主要介绍了著名桌游大富翁的由来以及演变。故选A。9．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“TheProsperityrulesstatedthateveryplayershouldgaine

achtimesomeoneacquiredanewproperty.(繁荣规则规定，每次有人获得新财产时，每个玩家都应该获得)”可知，繁荣规则提倡当一个人获得财富时，所有人都应该得到奖励。故选C。10．指

代猜测题。根据第四段第二句话“AnunemployedplayernamedCharlesDarrowsoldthismodifiedversiontothemanufacturerParkerBrothersashisown.(一位名叫查尔斯·达罗的失业球员将这一修改版本作为自己的

产品出售给制造商帕克兄弟)”以及倒数第二句话“Theythenre-launchedthegameasMonopoly,includingonlytherulesleadingtothetriumphofoneoverall.Darrowwasp

ublicizedastheinventorwhohadbecomeamillionairefromsellingthegame.(然后，他们以垄断的形式重新推出了游戏，只包括导致“一胜一负”的规则。达罗被宣传为发明者，他因出售这款游戏而成为百万富翁)”可知，达罗从手

无分文的失业球员因出售这款游戏而成为百万富翁。由此可知，换线的单词指“达罗在出售游戏后的成功”。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句话“InspiredbyHenryGeorgewhobelievedthatallmenshould

haveanequalrighttousethelandastheyhavetobreatheair,shechallengedthecapitalistsystemofpropertyownership—intheformofaboardgame.(

受亨利·乔治的启发，她认为所有人都应该享有平等的土地使用权，就像呼吸空气一样。她以棋盘游戏的形式挑战了资本主义的财产所有权制度)”以及第四段最后一句话“Thusarags-to-richesmythwascrea

ted,ironicallyexemplifyingMonopoly’simplicit(含蓄的)values:Chasewealthandcrushyouropponentsifyouwanttocomeoutontop.

(于是，一个白手起家的神话诞生了，讽刺的是，它体现了垄断的隐性价值观：追逐财富，如果你想在竞争中脱颖而出，就击败对手)”可知，现在游戏的版本体现了垄断的隐性价值观，和Magie最初的理念是想违背的。由此可推知，她对现在游戏的版本应该是感到不高

兴的。故选D。Onadarknight,11-year-oldJoewasplayinghide-and-seekwithhisfriendsinthebackyardwhenhethoughthesawMagellan—ahug

ehousecat.However,whenthecatsuddenlyjumpedonhishead,Joefounditturnedoutayoungcougar.Hebackedawayfromtheanimal,thenturnedandranin

sidethehouse.CougarencounterslikethisonearebecomingincreasinglycommonintheU.S.Mostpeopleassumethat’sbecausecouga

rpopulationsaregrowing,orbecausethebigcatsarecomingintoclosercontactwiththeexpandingwebofhumansuburbs.ButProfessorRo

bertWielgusatWashingtonStateUniversityarguesthatpoorlydesignedhuntingpoliciesmightbecausinganincreas

eincougar-humanconflicts.Wielgus’sresearchteamshavebeenfittingthebigcatswithradiocollarsandmonitoringtheirmovements.Theyf

indthatthecougarpopulationisactuallydecliningrapidlyandalmostnomalecougarsareoverfouryearsofage.Andastudyshowsthattheheavil

yhuntedareahasfivetimesasmanycougarcomplaintsasthelightlyhuntedarea—eventhoughthedensityofcougarsisaboutthesame

inbothareas.Wielgussuspectsthathuntingpolicies,whichallowoldermalestobekilledtokeepcougarpopulationsincheck,weretheculpritandteenagecougarsinthehe

avilyhuntedareamayberesponsibleformostofthetrouble.Totesthistheory,headdstwomoregroupsofcougarstothetrac

kingprogram—oneinaheavilyhuntedareaandanotherinacomparablebutlightlyhuntedarea.Heconcludesthatheavyhuntingindeedalmostwipesoutoldermales

andthepopulationstructureintheheavilyhuntedareashiftstowardyoungeranimals.Withthesefindings,Wielgusbelieveswithoutadultstokeepthem

undercontrol,thedisorderlyteensaremorelikelytocomeintoconflictwithhumans,farmanimalsandpets.Wielgus’sideasdon’tsitwellwitheveryone.“Huntingdefin

itelydoescauselotsofteenagemalestoflowin,butIdon’tyetseesolidproofthattheyaremorelikelytocausetroublethanoldercats,”says

theUniversityofMontana’sRobinson.“Inmanycases,thenewarrivalshavebeensqueezedoutofremotewildernesshabitatandforcedintoareaswheretheyare

morelikelytoencounterhumans.Ithinkhumansareprimarilyresponsibleforalltheinteractionyousee.We’removingintotheseareaswherecougarsanddeerare,”accordi

ngtoAlldredge,aresearcherattheColoradoDivisionofWildlife.Wemaynotunderstandwhatmakes18-year-oldmalesmorelikelythan48-year-o

ldmentododangerousthings,Wielgussays,butweknowthattheworldwouldbeadifferentplace,ifteenagerswereincharge.12

．Thepassagebeginswithastoryto________.A．leadintothetopicB．describeanincidentC．showtheauthor’sattitudeD．wa

rnofthedangersofcougars13．Theunderlineword“culprit”inPara.4isclosestinmeaningto________.A．effectB．evidenceC．causeD．tar

get14．Whichofthefollowingistrue?A．Alldredgeagreeshuntingresultsinthearrivaloflotsofteens.B．Robinsondoubtswhetherageisake

yfactorinhuman-cougarconflicts.C．Alldredgebelieveskillingoldermalesmaycauseabiggerthreat.D．Robinsonholdshumansaretoblamef

orthefallofoldermales.15．WhatmightWielgussuggesttoreducecougarattacks?A．Drivingteenagecougarsbackintotheirnaturalhabitat.B．Gettingpeopletomoveo

utoftheareaswherecougarsare.C．Forbiddingchildrentoplayinthebackyardbythemselves.D．Changinghuntingpolic

iestoensureahealthycougarpopulation.【答案】12．A13．C14．B15．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要是讲专家关于美洲狮管制的看法，说明了为什么会有美洲狮进入人类居住区，且表达了在此管制制度下美洲狮惹出的事端的看法。12．推理判断题。由第一段中的“

However,whenthecatsuddenlyjumpedonhishead,Joefounditturnedoutayoungcougar.(然而，当猫突然跳到他的头上时，乔发现原来是一只年轻的美洲狮)”和第二段中的

“CougarencounterslikethisonearebecomingincreasinglycommonintheU.S.(在美国，这样的美洲狮遭遇正变得越来越普遍)”及下文可知，文章开始讲述了一个孩子被美洲狮袭击的故事，接下来引出专家对于为什么会有美洲狮进入人类居住区的说明，这也是本

文的中心主题，因此推断，文章以故事开始是为了引出主题。故选A项。13．词句猜测题。由第三段中的“Andastudyshowsthattheheavilyhuntedareahasfivetimesasmanycougarcomplaintsasthelightlyhuntedare

a—eventhoughthedensityofcougarsisaboutthesameinbothareas(一项研究表明，尽管美洲狮在这两个地区的密度大致相同，但重度捕猎地区的美洲狮投诉数量是轻度捕猎地

区的五倍)”和第四段中的“Wielgussuspectsthathuntingpolicies,whichallowoldermalestobekilledtokeepcougarpopulationsincheck,weretheculpri

tandteenagecougarsintheheavilyhuntedareamayberesponsibleformostofthetrouble.(Wielgus怀疑，允许杀死年老雄性美洲狮以控制美洲狮的数量的捕猎政策是culprit，

而在被大量捕杀的地区，年轻的美洲狮可能是造成大部分问题的原因)”可知，Wielgus研究发现在过度捕猎区有更多的美洲狮伤人事件发生，他猜测为了控制美洲狮数量，允许杀死年老美洲狮的狩猎制度是“原因（cause）”。故选C项。14．细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的““

Huntingdefinitelydoescauselotsofteenagemalestoflowin,butIdon’tyetseesolidproofthattheyaremorelikelyt

ocausetroublethanoldercats,”saystheUniversityofMontana’sRobinson.(“狩猎确实会导致很多年轻雄性美洲狮流入，但我还没有看到坚实的证据，表明年轻雄性美洲狮比年老雄性美洲狮更可能造成麻烦，”蒙大拿大学的Robinson说)”

可知，Robinson还没有看到坚实的证据表明年轻雄性美洲狮比年老雄性美洲狮更可能造成麻烦（与人类的冲突），说明他怀疑年龄是否是人类与美洲狮冲突的关键因素。故选B项。15．推理判断题。由第二段中的“ButPro

fessorRobertWielgusatWashingtonStateUniversityarguesthatpoorlydesignedhuntingpoliciesmightbecausinganincreaseincougar-humanconflicts.(但华盛顿州立大学的Rober

tWielgus教授认为，设计不当的狩猎政策可能会导致美洲狮人类冲突的增加)”和第四段中的“Wielgussuspectsthathuntingpolicies,whichallowoldermalestobekilledtokeepcougarpopulationsincheck,we

retheculpritandteenagecougarsintheheavilyhuntedareamayberesponsibleformostofthetrouble.(Wielgus怀疑，允许杀死年老雄性美洲狮以控制美洲狮的数量的捕猎政策是原因，而在被大量捕杀

的地区，年轻的美洲狮可能是造成大部分问题的原因)”可知，Wielgus认为现行的捕猎政策是造成人类与美洲狮冲突的关键因素，因此可得出Wielgus会提出改变狩猎政策，确保美洲狮种群健康。故选D项。阅读理解【浙江省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期9月新高考研究卷（一）】Prehisto

ricruins,medievaltowns,beautifulbeaches-Maltahasitall.HereareourtopfivereasonstogotoMalta.MdinaGobackintimeandvisitMdina,Malta’sancientcapital

.Mdinaisfullofnarrowstreetsandcitywallsthatdatebackmorethan3,000years.Withapopulationoflessthanthree

hundred,itonlytakes10minutestowalkfromoneendtotheother.Whileyou’rethere,visitFontanellaTeaGardenwithitsfa

moushomemadecakes.VallettaValletta,thecurrentcapital,wasbuiltbytheKnightsoftheOrderofStJohnofJerusaleminthe16thcentury.T

hecityhasbeautifulsquareswithcafésandrestaurants,andwonderfulharbourviews.Whileyou’rethere,visittheGrandMaster’sPalaceoftheKnight

sofStJohn,theArmoury,andStJohn’sCo-Cathedral,whichhasworksofartandtapestriesbyCaravaggioandRubens.BeachesMaltahaslot

sofgreatbeaches,butsomeofthebestareGoldenBayandMellichaBayinthenorth,orthoseonthenearbyislandofGozo.Onthisisland,

youcanrelaxontheredsandbeachofRamlaBayjustasOdysseusdidforsevenyearsduringhislongvoyagehome.GgantijaTemplesAlsoonGozoaret

he5000-year-oldGgantijaTemples.Thesemegalithic(巨石的)constructionsareoneofthemostimportantarchacologicalsi

tesintheworld.There’salocallegendthatthe6-metrehighwallswerebuiltbygiants.TheBlueLagoonOneofMalta’smostfamousattractionsisth

eBlueLagoon.ThisliesbetweentheislandsofCominoandCominotto.It’seasilyaccessiblefromMaltaasmanytourboatsgothere.Swimintheclearbluewaters,ordiveam

ongthefishandshipwrecks.Youmightevenfindsometreasure!1．WhatdoweknowaboutMdina?A．Itcoversawidearea.B．It’

sthecapitalofMaltaatpresent.C．Ithasalargepopulation.D．It’sknownforhistoricarchitecture.2．WhatcanvisitorsdoinVallet

ta?A．Enjoybeautifulseaviews.B．Experiencelifeinthe16thcentury.C．VisitStJohn’sCo-Cathedral.D．Buyworksofartassouvenirs.3．Which

ofthefollowingisagoodplacefordiving?A．Gozo.B．GgantijaTemples.C．TheBlueLagoon.D．Comino.【答案】1．D2．C3．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。马耳他拥有著名的史前遗迹、中世纪城镇和美丽的海滩，文章为游客提供

了去马耳他旅游的五大看点。1．细节理解题。根据Mdina部分中的“Mdinaisfullofnarrowstreetsandcitywallsthatdatebackmorethan3,000years.（Mdina有很多狭窄的街道和可以追溯到3000多年前的城墙。）”可知，M

dina以历史建筑闻名。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据Valletta部分中的“Whileyou’rethere,visittheGrandMaster’sPalaceoftheKnightsofStJohn

,theArmoury,andStJohn’sCo-Cathedral.（当你在那里的时候，参观圣约翰骑士团大宗师宫殿、军械库和圣约翰大教堂。）”可知，游客在Valletta可以参观圣约翰大教堂。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据TheBlueLagoon部分中的“Swimin

theclearbluewaters,ordiveamongthefishandshipwrecks.（在清澈湛蓝的海水中游泳，或者在鱼和沉船之间潜水。）”可知，TheBlueLagoon是潜水的好地方。故选C项。“Ih

avetravelledtheworldfor25yearsinsearchoftrouble,”admitsDrDavidNottinhisrecentautobiography,WarDoctor:S

urgeryontheFrontLine.“Itisakindofaddiction,apullIfindhardtoresist.”Thispullhasseenhimusehissurgicalskillstohelpthoseinne

edbytakingunpaid,month-longbreaksfromhis“dayjob”asanNHSsurgeonintheUKeveryyeartoworkinconflictzonesanddisasterareas.Hefi

rstworkedinSarajevoin1993asavolunteerwiththeFrenchcharityMédecinsSansFroatières.Thehospitalbeworkedinh

adsomanyholesinitswallscausedbybombingandsniper(狙击手)firethatitwascalledthe“SwissCheeseHospital”.Itwashisfirstinsightintotheterrifyingrealityoftreat

ingpatientsinawarzone.Thehospitalsufferedpowercutsduringoperationsandheandhisteamwereregularlyshotat.Bu

tNottfoundthisexhilarating.“GoingtoSarajevo,almostgettingkilled,Ihadneverfeltsowonderful.Ireallyfeltasthoughsomebodybadinjectedmewithsometh

ing.Ifeltfantastic.Ithinktoskirtdeath—andthentorealizehowcloseyouaretodeathandthatyousurvivedit—isexciti

ng.Andthat’stheexperienceI’vehadmanytimesover.”Thisattitudemayseemreckless(鲁莽的),butitmeansthatNottha

ssavedlivesindesperatesituations.InGazain2014,hedecidednottoabandonayounggirlinthemiddleofsurgerydespitebeingtoldthatthehospitalwasabo

uttobebombed.Hecarriedon,nobombsfellandthegirlsurvived.Hehaskeptaphotographofthemtakentogetherthreedayslater.InYe

men,heoperatedonthewifeofabomb-makerwhohadaccidentallyblownuphisownhouse.Nottfoundadetonator(雷管)buri

edinherlegandbadtocarefullydisposeofitbeforecontinuingtheoperation.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph1referto?A．Travellingtheworld.B．W

orkingasasurgeoninawarzone.C．Performingsurgeriesonhispatients.D．Takingmonth-longbreaksfromhisdayjob.5．WhenwasthebookWarDoctor:Surgeryonthe

FrontLine,probablypublished?A．In1993.B．In2014.C．In2018.D．In2021.6．WhatmakestheexperiencethrillingaccordingtoNott?A．Thefeelingofnarrowlyescapi

ngdeath.B．Thethoughtofsavinglives.C．Theimprovementofhissurgeryskills.D．Thedifficultyofworkingindesperatesituations.7．Whic

hofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeDr.DavidNott?A．Modestandcourageous.B．Generousandstrict.C．Carelessandaggressive.D．Adventurousandselfless.【答案】4．B

5．C6．A7．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了大卫·诺特医生的自传《战争医生：前线的外科手术》，并讲述了他作为一名战地医生，富有冒险精神，在随时面临着死亡危险的绝境中无私又坚定地救助伤者的英勇事迹。4．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Itisakindofaddicti

on,apullIfindhardtoresist.(这是一种上瘾，一种我无法抗拒的诱惑)”和第一段最后一句“Thispullhasseenhimusehissurgicalskillstohelpthoseinneedb

ytakingunpaid,month-longbreaksfromhis“dayjob”asanNHSsurgeonintheUKeveryyeartoworkinconflictzonesanddisasterareas.

(在这种诱惑下，他利用自己的外科技能帮助那些需要帮助的人，他每年都会从他作为英国NHS外科医生的“日常工作”中抽出长达一个月的无薪假期，前往冲突地区和灾区工作)”可知，It指代的就是pull，一种诱惑，最后一句解释了这种诱惑就

是他利用自己的外科技能在战争地区工作。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句““Ihavetravelledtheworldfor25yearsinsearchoftrouble,”admitsDrDavidNottinhisrecentautobiography,WarDoctor:Su

rgeryontheFrontLine.(大卫·诺特医生在他最近的自传《战医：前线的外科手术》中承认：我周游世界25年来一直在寻找麻烦)”和第二段“HefirstworkedinSarajevoin1993asavolunteerwiththeFrenchcharityMédecinsS

ansFroatières.(他第一次在萨拉热窝工作是在1993年，当时他是法国慈善机构无国界医生组织的志愿者)”可知，这本书记录的是大卫医生在前线的做外科手术的事情，他1993第一次参加这种工作，书中又说他周游世界已经25年了，所以199

3+25=2018。由此可推断，这本书可能是在2018年发表的。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Ithinktoskirtdeath—andthentorealizehowcloseyouaretodeathandthatyousurviv

edit—isexciting.Andthat’stheexperienceI’vehadmanytimesover.(我认为避免死亡——然后意识到你离死亡有多近，并且你活了下来——是令人兴奋的。这就是我

多次经历过的事情)”可知，大卫医生认为这种死里逃生的感觉是令人兴奋的。题干中的“thrilling”和文中的“exciting”是同义替换。故选A。7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Ithinktoskirtdeath—andthen

torealizehowcloseyouaretodeathandthatyousurvivedit—isexciting.Andthat’stheexperienceI’vehadmanytimesover.(我认为避免死亡——然后意识到你离死亡

有多近，并且你活了下来——是令人兴奋的。这就是我多次经历过的事情)”可推知，大卫医生是富有冒险精神的；根据文章最后一段“InGazain2014,hedecidednottoabandonayounggirlinthe

middleofsurgerydespitebeingtoldthatthehospitalwasabouttobebombed.Hecarriedon,nobombsfellandthegirlsurvived.(2014年，在加沙，尽管被告知医院即

将被炸毁，他还是决定不抛弃正在接受手术的一个年轻女孩。他继续进行手术，没有炸弹落下，女孩也活了下来)”和“InYemen,heoperatedonthewifeofabomb-makerwhohadaccidentallyblownuphisownhouse.Nottfou

ndadetonator(雷管)buriedinherlegandbadtocarefullydisposeofitbeforecontinuingtheoperation.(在也门，他为一名炸弹制造者的妻子做手术，他意外炸毁了自己的房子。

诺特发现一枚雷管埋在她的腿里，在继续手术之前，他必须小心处理)”可推知，大卫医生是无私的。故选D。Forthefirsttimeever,morethanhalfofallmealseatenoutintheUKarefromfastfoodrestaur

ants.Burgers,friedchicken,pizzasandtakeoutcurrynowaccountfor50.4%ofmealsboughtoutsidethehome.That’supfrom47.3%in20

08.Anditrepresentsastaggering5.54billionfastfoodmealsayear.Butwhy?Theanswersaresimple.Forastar,manyseefastfoodasacheapoption,whichisaprior

ityforalotofpeopleinthesetimesofeconomichardship.Anditseemsthatmostpeoplepreferfamiliarchains.“Familieswantto

knowwhattheyaregetting,andwiththelikesofMcDonald’sandKFCtheyknowit’saconsistentexperienceandgoodvalue,”anindustryexpertexpla

ined.Manyfastfoodchainsareadaptingtheirmenustoappealdirectlytomiddleclassfamilies.McDonald’s,forexample,hasstartedusingf

ree-rangeeggsandorganicmilk,togetherwithfruitandvegetablesforchildren’sHappyMeals.Andmostchainsareofferinggooddiscountstoattractcustomers

.InLondon,forexample,morethan25%offastfoodpurchasesaremadewithapromotionalvoucher(代金券).Isfastfoodreallysuchgoodvalueformoney?“Actually,he

althyingredientsarecheaper...andofferbettervalueformoney,”afoodexpertexplained.“Onthefaceofit,itmayseemlikethec

heapestoption,butwhenyoulookatthelabels,you’llfindthatyou’reonlygetting50%ofmealinyourchickennuggets(鸡块),for

example.”So,what’sthesolution?Anonlinesurveyonfoodhasanumberofsuggestions.“Ifyouwanttoeatwellandcheaply,simplybuylotsofbasicin

gredients,thencookinbulk.Afterwards,youcanfreezeany,leftoverfoodandeatitlater,”saysMollyBatesofBirmingh

am.“Beans,lentilsandpulsesareallexcellentformsofproteinandalotcheaperthanmeatandfish.They’realsoverytasty,”saysKylieJonesofBrighton....8．Whatd

othefiguresinparagraph1indicate?A．Britonsarespendingmoreandmoreonfastfood.B．Britonsprefertoeatoutratherthancookathome.C．Mealsboughtouts

idethehomehaverisenbyabout3%.D．ThenumberoffastfoodrestaurantsintheUKisincreasing.9．What’sthemajorreasonthatmakesfastfoodsoappealing?A

．Itshighquality.B．Itsgoodservice.C．Itsgreatdiversity.D．Itslowprice.10．Accordingtoparagraph4,thefoodexpertholdsa____

____attitudetofastfood.A．neutralB．disapprovingC．tolerantD．supportive11．Whatmightbewritteninthefollowingparagraphs?A．Publi

copinionsaboutthevalueoffastfood.B．Othertipsonhowtoeathealthilyandcheaply.C．Theharmfulimpactsoffastfoodon

consumers.D．Differentapproachestomakinghealthierfastfood.【答案】8．A9．D10．B11．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了快餐在英国消费量惊人的原因，指出其虽便宜，但并非物有所值，最后

提供了网上人们分享的吃得好又便宜的一些建议。8．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Forthefirsttimeever,morethanhalfofallmealseatenoutintheUKarefromfastfoodrestaurants.Burgers,friedchicken,

pizzasandtakeoutcurrynowaccountfor50.4%ofmealsboughtoutsidethehome.That’supfrom47.3%in2008.Anditrepresentsastaggering5.54billio

nfastfoodmealsayear.（在英国，有史以来第一次有超过一半的外出用餐来自快餐店。汉堡包、炸鸡、比萨饼和外卖咖喱现在占到了家庭外用餐的50.4%。这一比例高于2008年的47.3%。这意味着快餐的数量达到惊人的55.4亿份。）”可知，第1段中的数字表明了英国

人在快餐上的花费越来越多。故选A。9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Andmostchainsareofferinggooddiscountstoattractcustomers.InLondon,forexample,morethan25%offastfoodpurchasesarema

dewithapromotionalvoucher.（大多数连锁店都在提供优惠折扣来吸引顾客。举个例子，在伦敦有超过25%的快餐购买是使用一个促销券来进行的。）”可知，顾客被快餐吸引的主要原因是优惠的价格，能节省一些钱。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“

Isfastfoodreallysuchgoodvalueformoney?“Actually,healthyingredientsarecheaper...andofferbettervalueformoney,”afoodexpertexplained.“Onthefaceof

it,itmayseemlikethecheapestoption,butwhenyoulookatthelabels,you’llfindthatyou’reonlygetting50%ofmealinyourchickennuggets.

”（快餐真的物有所值吗？一位食品专家解释道：“事实上，健康配料更便宜……而且性价比更高”。“从表面上看，这似乎是最便宜的选择，但当你看标签时，你会发现你只吃了50%的鸡块。）”可知，食品专家对快餐持反对的态度。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“So,what’sth

esolution?Anonlinesurveyonfoodhasanumberofsuggestions.（那么，解决方案是什么？一项关于食物的在线调查给出了许多建议。）”可知，下文介绍的是一些网上调查中

人们分享的想吃得好又便宜的一些建议并分别举例说明。故选B。ResearchershasinvestigatedtheimpactofCovid-19relatedsocialisolation(隔离)measureson2,200youngkidsbetween8and36monthsofa

ge.Theirfindingsprovideinsightsintotheeffectsoflockdownonlanguagelearningandscreentimeinthegenerationofyoung

stersgrowingupduringthisextraordinaryperiod.ShortlyafterlockdownbeganinearlyMarch2020across13countri

es,parentswereaskedtocompleteanonlinequestionnairecontainingquestionsonthechild’sage,exposuretodifferentlanguages,numbe

rofsiblings(兄弟姐妹)andvocabularydevelopment.Parentswerethencontactedagainattheendofthelockdown(forthatfamilyorin

thatarea,ingeneral).Theywereaskedabouttheactivitiestheyundertookwiththeirchildduringlockdown,theamountoftimetheirchildhadaccesstoscreensbothduringlo

ckdownandbefore,aswellasquestionsonhowmuchscreentimetheyhadthemselvesandtheirattitudestowardschildren’sscreentime.P

arentswerealsoaskedtocompleteastandardizedvocabularychecklistindicatingthenumberofwordstheirchildunderstoodand/orsaidatthebeginn

ing,andagain,attheendoflockdownsothatanincreaseinthenumberofwordsgainedoverlockdowncouldbecalculated.Thestudiesfindthat,duringlockdown,childrenwhow

erereadtomorefrequentlywerereportedtohavelearnedmorewords,relativetotheirpeerswhowerereadtolessfrequently.However,chi

ldrenwithincreasedexposuretoscreenslearnedtosayfewerwords,relativetotheirpeerswithlessscreentime.Besides,whilechildrenw

ereexposedtomorescreentimeduringlockdownthanbefore,overall,childrenwerereportedtohavegainedmorewordsth

anexpectedduringlockdown,relativetopre-pandemiclevels.Theincreaseinscreentimeduringlockdownwasgreaterifloc

kdownwaslonger,andinfamilieswithfeweryearsofeducation,andwhereparentsreportedusingscreensforlongerthemselves.“Whilethissuggeststhattherelativelysh

ortisolationdidnotdetrimentallyimpactlanguageinyoungchildren,weshouldbecautiousinassumingthiswouldapplydur

ingnormaltimesortolongerlockdowns,giventheextraordinarycircumstanceschildrenandtheirparentsfacedduringth

istime,”saysAssociateProfessorNataliaKartushina,UniversityofOslo.12．Whatcanwelearnabouttheresearch?A．Itinvolvedkidsun

dertheageof8from13countries.B．Relatedinvestigationswerecompletedatthesametime.C．The2,200kidsinvolvedhadtotakevocabularytests.D．Parentsofth

e2,200kidsfinishedtwoquestionnaires.13．Whohavelearnedmorewordsaccordingtothefinding?A．Childrenwhoseparentsoftenrea

dstoriestothem.B．Childrenwhowereexposedtomorescreentime.C．Childrenwhosesocialisolationdurationwaslonger.D．Childrenwhowerefromless-educate

dfamilies.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“detrimentally”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Permanently.B．Harmfully.C．Strongly.D．Potentially.15．Whatcanbethe

besttitleofthetext?A．COVID-19:DoesItInfluenceYoungKids’LanguageLearning?B．ApproachestoTeachingYoungKidstoLearnDuringSocialIsol

ationC．ImpactofCOVID-19SocialIsolationMeasuresonEarlyDevelopmentD．ScreenTimeintheGenerationofChildrenGrowingupDuringC

OVID-19【答案】12．D13．A14．B15．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员调查了与新冠肺炎相关的社会隔离措施对2200名8到36个月大的幼儿的影响。研究发现，隔离期间，阅读频率更高的孩子学会的字更多，而使用屏幕时间更多的孩子说话会变少。研究还发现相对较短的隔离时间不会对

幼儿的语言发展产生不利影响，但奥斯陆大学的NataliaKartushina副教授对此持谨慎的态度。12．细节理解题。根据第一段“ResearchershasinvestigatedtheimpactofCovid-19relatedsocialisolati

on(隔离)measureson2,200youngkidsbetween8and36monthsofage”（研究人员调查了与Covid-19相关的社会隔离措施对2200名8至36个月大的幼儿的影响）根据文章第二

段“ShortlyafterlockdownbeganinearlyMarch2020across13countries,parentswereaskedtocompleteanonlinequestionnairec

ontainingquestionsonthechild’sage,exposuretodifferentlanguages,numberofsiblingsandvocabularydevelopm

ent.(2020年3月初，在13个国家开始实行封锁后不久，家长们被要求填写一份在线问卷，其中包含关于孩子年龄、接触不同语言、兄弟姐妹数量和词汇发展的问题。)”和“Parentswerethencontactedagainattheendofthelockdown(forthat

familyorinthatarea,ingeneral).Theywereaskedabouttheactivitiestheyundertookwiththeirchildduringlockdown,theamountoftimethe

irchildhadaccesstoscreensbothduringlockdownandbefore,aswellasquestionsonhowmuchscreentimetheyhadthemselvesandtheirattitudestowardschildren’sscreent

ime.(然后在封锁结束时再次联系家长（针对该家庭或该地区的封锁）。他们被问及他们在隔离期间与孩子一起进行的活动，他们的孩子在隔离期和隔离之前使用屏幕的时间，以及他们自己有多少屏幕使用时间以及他们对孩子屏幕使用时间的态度。)”可知，这

2200个儿童的父母完成了两次调查问卷。文章并未提及接受调查的2200个孩子来自13个国家，A选项描述错误；此次调查发生在封锁初期和封锁结束时，并不是同时发生的，B选项描述错误；由第二段“Parentswereals

oaskedtocompleteastandardizedvocabularychecklist”可知，是家长被要求完成一份词汇清单，不是儿童，C选项描述错误。故选D。13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thestudiesfindthat,durin

glockdown,childrenwhowerereadtomorefrequentlywerereportedtohavelearnedmorewords,relativetotheirpeerswhowerereadtolessfrequently.(研究发现，在隔离期

间，与阅读频率较低的同龄人相比，更频繁被阅读的孩子学会了更多的单词。)”可推测，父母经常给孩子读故事可以让孩子学到更多的单词。由第三段“However,childrenwithincreasedexposuretoscreenslearnedtosayfewerwo

rds,relativetotheirpeerswithlessscreentime.(然而，与屏幕使用时间较少的同龄人相比，接触屏幕次数增加的孩子学会说更少的单词。)”可知使用屏幕时间更多，说话更少。根据文章第三段最后一句“Theincreaseinscreentimedu

ringlockdownwasgreateriflockdownwaslonger,andinfamilieswithfeweryearsofeducation,andwhereparentsreportedusingscreensforlongerthemselves.”可知，封锁时间越长

，或者是家庭受教育时间短，父母使用屏幕时间更长的家庭，（儿童）屏幕使用时间也更长，因此说话也会更少。故选A。14．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Besides,whilechildrenwereexposedtomorescreentimeduring

lockdownthanbefore,overall,childrenwerereportedtohavegainedmorewordsthanexpectedduringlockdown,relativetopre-pandemiclevels.(此外

，尽管儿童在隔离期间比以前有更多的屏幕使用时间，但总体而言，据报道，相对于大流行前的水平，儿童在隔离期间获得的单词比预期的要多。)”可知，封锁并未影响儿童的语言发展，所以可推测出，短暂的隔离不会对幼儿的语言产生不利影响。harmfully意为“有害地，不利地

”，与detrimentally意思相同，且符合语境。故选B。15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“ResearchershasinvestigatedtheimpactofCovid-19relatedsocial

isolation(隔离)measureson2,200youngkidsbetween8and36monthsofage.Theirfindingsprovideinsightsintotheeffectsoflockdownonlanguagelearni

ngandscreentimeinthegenerationofyoungstersgrowingupduringthisextraordinaryperiod.(研究人员调查了与新冠肺炎相关的社会隔离措施对2200名8到36个月大的幼儿的影响。他们的发现为

封锁对在这段特殊时期成长的一代年轻人的语言学习和屏幕时间的影响提供了见解。)”和后文的调查内容可知，本文主要讲的是与新冠肺炎相关的社会隔离措施对儿童早期发展的影响，C选项符合题意。故选C。阅读理解【浙江省浙里卷天下2022-2023学年高三上学期10月测试】Forthosewhohaveneve

rbeentoHarbin,there’salmostanendlesslistofthingstodo.Hereareseveralactivitiesthathavetobeincluded.TurningwaterintoinstanticeOnecan’tg

ototheIce-SnowWorldwithoutstoppingbytheSunIslandSnowExpo.Afterall,theformerisforappreciatingilluminated(照亮的)iceatnight,andthelatterisforcheck

ingoutsnowinthedaytime.Touristsfromthesouthmightbeastonishedbythebrightsunshinereflectedinthesnow,sodon’tforgetthesunscreen.This

isalsoagoodplacetotoss(抛)waterandwatchitturnintoiceinstantly.Findasafeplacewithnoonenearby,andenjoytheuniquephenomenon.Snowtubing(雪

地滑轮胎)ontheSonghuaRiverInwinter,theSonghuaRiverturnsinto“thousandsofmilesofice”andbecomesanaturalice-skatingrink.Thefrozen

riveroffersopportunitiesformanydifferentwinteractivities.Butmakesuretheiceissolidbeforegoingstomping(跺脚)inthesnow.SpeedingdownY

abuliSkiResortOneplaceyoushouldn’tmisswhenvisitingHarbinisYabuliSkiResort,whereyoucanskidownsplendidsnow-coveredmou

ntains.Thesnowisthickandmoderatelyhard.Therearejunior,middleandseniorskiruns.Professionalstaffareavailabletoimproveyourskiingability.21．Whichi

sagoodplacetoenjoyanightscene?A．TheSonghuaRiver.B．TheIce-SnowWorld.C．YabuliSkiResort.D．TheSunIslandSnowExpo.22．WhatcanvisitorsdoinHarbin?

A．Getprofessionalguidanceforfreewhileskating.B．Choosedifferentroutesbasedontheirskiingability.C．Godownthewor

ld’slongesticeslideonSonghuaRiver.D．Tosswaterandwatchitturnintoicewhereveryouwant.23．What’sthearticleintendedfo

r?A．AdvertisingwinteractivitiesofHarbin.B．Remindvisitorsofsafetravelling.C．Explainrequirementstovisitors.D．AttractvisitorstoinvestinHarbin.【答案】21．

B22．B23．A【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了哈尔滨的冬季冰雪项目。21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Onecan’tgototheIce-SnowWorldwithoutstoppingbytheSunIslandSnowExpo.After

all,theformerisforappreciatingilluminated(iceatnight,andthelatterisforcheckingoutsnowinthedaytime.(要去冰雪世界

，就得先去太阳岛冰雪博览会。毕竟，前者是为了欣赏灯光（晚上的冰，而后者是为了查看白天的雪）)”可知，theSunIslandSnowExpo是欣赏夜间灯光的好地方。故选B。22．细节理解题。根据第五段“Thesnowisthickandmoderatelyhard.The

rearejunior,middleandseniorskiruns.Professionalstaffareavailabletoimproveyourskiingability.(雪又厚又硬。有初级、中级和高级雪道。专业的工作人员可以帮助您

提高滑雪能力)”可知，亚布力滑雪场有多条不同级别的赛道，并由专业人士帮助游客提高滑雪水平。由此可知，游客应根据自己的滑雪水平选择赛道。故选B。23．推理判断题。根据第一段“ForthosewhohaveneverbeentoHarbin,ther

e’salmostanendlesslistofthingstodo.(对于那些从未去过哈尔滨的人来说，那里几乎有无穷无尽的事情可做)”以及下文介绍的三个具有特色的冰上活动推断，作者的写作目的是向游客宣传哈尔滨的冬季冰雪项目。故选A。AsIwalkedintomynewhighs

choolforthefirsttime,Ifeltuncertain,nervousandlonely.Imissedmyoldfriendsterribly.Myheadhurtwiththethoughtofmakingnewfriendsal

loveragain.Whatwillmynewfriendsbelike?Willwelikeeachother?WillIevenmakeafriend?Thesequestionswereonmymind,asIwalkedovertoagroupofgirls.Ididn

’tknowanyoneinmynewschool.Itseemedlikeeveryonewaswatchingme,asifeveryheadwasturningtowardsme,waitingformetomakeawrongmove.Inervouslysaid“hi”inalo

wvoice,wavingmyhandatthegroup.Expectingthemtostartlaughingandmakingfunofme,Iwassurprisedwhentheywavedbackandaskedmetositwiththem.Asifaswitchhad

beenturnedoff,alltheanxiousthoughtsthathadbeenkillingmeweregone.AfeelingofacceptanceandexcitementrushedovermeasIhappilychattedwiththesixgirl

s,tellingthemmoreaboutmyself.LookingbackathowanxiousIwasuponenteringmynewschoolforthefirsttime,Inowfeels

tupidforIhadbeenlosingmysleepoversomethingsosmall.Beingmyselfandbeingpolitehadworkedoutformejustfine.Beingconfidentprov

edtobethekeythatfitperfectlyintothelockonthedooroffriendship,thesamedoorthatIhadbeentooscaredtoevenknockonbefore.Ihadneverexpectedthat

bytheendofthedayIwouldhaveanyfriendsatall,letalonesix.WhatIlearnedfrommyexperiencewastowelcomeeverydaysurpriseswitho

penarmsandtoacceptthegoodorbadfeelingsthatfillourhearts,thesameplacewherelovelivesandwherenewfriendsarewelcomed.24．Whydidtheau

thormentionthosequestionsinparagraph2?A．Toexpressherneeds.B．Toshowhernervousness.C．Toshowherhungerforknowledge.D．Toexpressherdoubtsabout

friendship.25．Whatwasunexpectedtotheauthor?A．Beingacceptedbyallthestudents.B．Theinvitationfromthegroupofgirls.C．Beinglaughedatbythegroupofgirls.D．Th

eattentionallthestudentspaidtoher.26．Whatadvicemighttheauthorgivetonewhighschoolstudents?A．Getenoughsleep.B．Keepintouchwitholdfriend

s.C．Believeinyourself.D．Avoidsayingsomethingstupid.27．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．EverydoghashisdayB．Ever

ybeanhasitsblackC．EachnewdayholdsasurpriseD．Eachonethinksinhisownway【答案】24．B25．B26．C27．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一天到新学校上学交友的经历。24．推理判断题。根据文章

第一段“AsIwalkedintomynewhighschoolforthefirsttime,Ifeltuncertain,nervousandlonely.Imissedmyoldfriendsterribly.

Myheadhurtwiththethoughtofmakingnewfriendsalloveragain.（当我第一次走进我的新高中时，我感到不确定、紧张和孤独。我非常想念我的老朋友们。一想到要重新结交新朋友，我就头疼）”和文章第二段“Whatwillmynewfriendsbelike?W

illwelikeeachother?WillIevenmakeafriend?Thesequestionswereonmymind,asIwalkedovertoagroupofgirls.（我的新朋友会是什么样子？我们会喜欢对方吗？我能交到朋友吗？当我

走向一群女孩时，这些问题一直在我脑海中盘旋）”可知作者第一次进新高中时，对于即将要重新结交朋友而感到焦虑，因为他不知道新朋友会是什么样子的，也不知道会不会交到朋友，所以在第二段提出这些问题显示了作者的焦虑；故选B

项。25．细节理解题。根据第四段“Inervouslysaid“hi”inalowvoice,wavingmyhandatthegroup.Expectingthemtostartlaughingandmakingfunofme,Iwassurprisedwhenth

eywavedbackandaskedmetositwiththem.（我紧张地低声说了“hi”，向大家挥了挥手。我本以为他们会开始嘲笑我，但当他们向我挥手并请我坐在他们旁边时，我感到很惊讶）”可知，当那群女孩也向作者挥手并邀请她和她们坐在一起时，作者

感到惊讶，即受到邀请是令她意想不到的事；故选B项。26．推理判断题。根据第六段“Beingconfidentprovedtobethekeythatfitperfectlyintothelockonthedooroffriendship,thesamedoorthatIhadbeento

oscaredtoevenknockonbefore.（事实证明，自信是一把钥匙，完美地打开了友谊之门的锁，就是那扇我以前害怕得连敲都不敢敲的门）”可知作者认为自信是打开友谊之门的一把钥匙，由此可推知，她鼓励新生要自信；故选C项

。27．主旨大意题。通读文章可知作者第一次到新校因交友而感到焦虑，但事实跟作者想的不一样，即这对作者来说是个很大的惊喜；根据文章最后一段“WhatIlearnedfrommyexperiencewastowelcomeeverydaysurpriseswithopenarm

s”（我从自己的经历中学到的是张开双臂欢迎每天的惊喜）可知作者觉得要张开双臂欢迎每天的惊喜，故本文就是围绕作者开始因担心交友但最后现实给他一个惊喜这个话题叙述的，并总结出每天要张开双臂欢迎每天的惊喜，故选项C“Eachnewdayholdsasurprise（每一天都有惊喜）”适合作为

本文标题；故选C项。Threeminutesoflookingatredlightonceaweekmayhelpoureyesight(theabilitytosee),newresearchsuggests.T

hefindingsshowthatredlightmightbeacheapandeasytreatmentfordeclinesincolorvisionaswegetolder.Lastyear,researche

rsfromUniversityCollegeLondondidastudyonredlighttherapy.24healthyvolunteers,agedbetween28and72,wereaskedtolookatredl

ightforthreeminuteseverydayfortwoweeks.Testslaterfoundthattheeyesightofpeopleovertheageof40improved.Totestthepossibleweakpointsoftheirther

apy,theydidanewstudythisyear.Insteadofusingthelighteveryday,theyuseditonceaweek.Thenewstudyincluded20volunteers,agedbetween34an

d70,allwithhealthyvision.Somereceivedredlighttherapyinthemorning,andothersreceiveditintheafternoon.Theywere

thentestedontheircolorvisionuptoaweeklater.Onthewhole,thosewhogotthetreatmentinthemorningshoweda17%improvementintheirco

lorvision,evenaweeklater.Thosewhogotthetreatmentintheafternoondidnothaveanyimprovement.“We’vefoundthatonesingleexposuretoredlightinthemo

rningcangreatlyimprovedecliningvision,”saidleadauthorGlenJeffrey.Thefindingsdosupporttheirearlierwork,andtheymightmakethet

reatmentmorepracticable,sinceaonce-weeklytreatmentiseasiertosticktothanadailyone.Buttheteam’spromisingresultsarestilldrawnonsmallnumbers

ofhealthyvolunteers.Largerstudieswouldbeneededtoshowthebenefitsofredlighttherapy.“Inthenearfuture,aonce-a-weekthree-minu

teexposuretodeepredlightcouldbedonewhilemakingacoffeeorlisteningtoasong,andsuchasimplethingcouldchangeeyec

areandvisionaroundtheworld,”Jeffreysaid.Givenitslowcost(aslittleas$15)perdevice,andsimplicity,theteamisexcitedabou

tthefutureoftheirtherapy.28．Whatplaysakeyroleinredlighttherapy?A．Thetimeofdayfortreatment.B．Thedeviceusedinthetreatment.C．Thetimethatonetreatmentl

asts.D．Thenumberoftreatmentsreceived.29．Whatmakesitnecessarytoimprovethestudy?A．Theageofthevolunteers.B．Thenum

berofthevolunteers.C．Thepoorvisionofthevolunteers.D．Thehealthconditionofthevolunteers.30．Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanwefindthisarticle?A．Tra

vel.B．Business.C．Entertainment.D．Health.31．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tostatetheimportanceofeyecare.B．Toexplainthevalueofdeepred

light.C．Tointroduceawaytofightvisiondecline.D．Toencourageagedpeopletoprotecttheireyesight.【答案】28．A29．B30．D31．C【导语】本文是说明文。研究表

明，每周看三分钟的红光有助于缓解视力衰退。28．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thenewstudyincluded20volunteers,agedbetween34and70,allwithhealthyvision.

Somereceivedredlighttherapyinthemorning,andothersreceiveditintheafternoon.Theywerethentestedontheircolorvisionuptoaweekl

ater.(这项新研究包括了20名年龄在34岁到70岁之间的志愿者，他们的视力都很健康。一些人在上午接受红光治疗，另一些人在下午接受。然后在一周后对他们的色觉进行测试。)”和第四段中“Onthewhole,thosewhogotthetreatmentinthemor

ningshoweda17%improvementintheircolorvision,evenaweeklater.Thosewhogotthetreatmentintheafternoondidnothave

anyimprovement.(总体而言，那些在早上接受治疗的人，即使在一周后，他们的色觉也有17%的改善。下午接受治疗的患者没有任何改善。)”可知，研究结果表明在上午接受红光疗法治疗的志愿者一周后的色觉有显著改善，而在下午接受治疗的则没有改善。由此

可知，每天在哪个时间段治疗是红光疗法中的关键。故选A。29．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Buttheteam’spromisingresultsarestilldrawnonsmallnumbersofhealthyvolun

teers.Largerstudieswouldbeneededtoshowthebenefitsofredlighttherapy.(但是，该团队有希望的结果仍然来自于少数健康志愿者。还需要更大规模的研究来证明

红光疗法的益处。)”可知，由于新研究的结果是在少数健康志愿者的基础上得出的，因此还需要更大规模的研究来证明红光疗法的好处，即更多的志愿者。故选B。30．推理判断题。根据文本体裁和内容可知，本文为一篇科技性说明文，作者介绍了红光治疗

疗效实验的开展，和实验得出的相应结论，因此本文应该出现在杂志的Health栏目。故选D。31．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项新研究，它表明每周接受三分钟的红光疗法治疗可显著改善因年龄增长而造成的视力衰退。由此推知，本文的目的

是介绍一种对抗视力下降的方法。故选C。Worldhistoryhasseenthreeancientdramas:Greektragedyandcomedy;IndianSanskritdrama;andChineseopera

.ThefirsttwohavebecomehistoricalandonlyChineseoperahassurvived.Chineseoperatookshapeinthe12thcentury.Afterdevelopingformorethan800years,itsabu

ndantlocalstylesofoperaarestillenjoyinggreatpopularity,ofwhichQinqiangisoneofthemostancientoperas.Qingiangoperaisathousand

-year-oldlocaloperaoriginatinginChina’sinlandnorthwesternregion.Ithasestablishedauniquetraditionasan“operashoutedout”withitshigh-pitc

hedarias(高音唱腔).LiMeihaswonareputationasoneofthefourgreatestQinqiangactresses.She’salsoknownforherpassionatecommitmenttoexploringth

etheatricalpossibilitiesofferedbyQinqiang.LiMeiandherworkmatesarehalfwaythroughanafternoonrehearsal(排练)andmosthave

brokenintoasweat.Singinginanear-whisper,theforty-year-oldoperastarperformsthestylizedmovementsfortheleadingrole—thebitterd

eadLadyLiHuinianginGhost’sHate.LittlewonderthatLiMeiissuchapowerfulpresenceonstage.She’sthegreatestcontributoryactresswho’sabletointerpretacha

ractersocompellinglyandtellastorysoconvincinglythatEuropeanaudienceswarmlyhugthisunfamiliarartform.LiMeisaid,“WeperformedthisoperaintheNetherlan

dstocelebratethetenthanniversaryofthefoundingofHolland’sNationalTheatre.Weenjoyedafifteen-minutecurtaincallandtheaudiencesapplaudedw

ildlyforalongtime.Thelocalpressentitledmethe‘NemesisoftheOrient’andthe‘ChineseVenus’.Whyisthatso?Becausethey’vefullyunde

rstoodwhattheoperaimplied—theloyaltytowardslove,anddeadasshemaybe,herlovepersists.Thereasonwhythisoperawasabletotouchmillionsofheartsisthatith

asabeautifulstorypresentedbyabeautifulartform.32．WhatcanbeinferredaboutChineseoperafromthetext?A．ItmadehistorywithancientGreekoperas.B．Itconsi

stsofvariousdynamiclocaloperas.C．IthasahistoryshorterthanIndianSanskritdrama.D．ItoriginatedfromthemostancientlocalQingiangopera.33．WhyisGhost’sHat

estarringLiMeilovedbyforeigners?A．Becauseitsstoryiseasytobefullyunderstoodbyforeigners.B．BecauseitsleadingroleLiMeiisfamousasthe“ChineseVenus”.

C．Becauseitconveysthepopularmessageofloyaltytowardslove.D．Becauseitisaperfectcombinationoftouchingplotandattractiveform.34．Whatmighttheunderl

inedword“compellingly”meaninparagraph5?A．Persuasively.B．Boringly.C．Incorrectly.D．Partly.35．WhatisLiMei’sgreatestcontributiontoQinqiang

opera?A．ShewonareputationasoneofthefourgreatestQingiangactresses.B．ShebroughtLiHuiniang,thebitterdeadLadyinGhost’sHatetolife

.C．SheexploredmanytheatricalpossibilitiesofferedbyQinqiangopera.D．ShespreadoneofChinesetraditionalculturestotheothersideofthe

world.【答案】32．B33．D34．A35．D【导语】本文是新闻报道，主要介绍了中国著名的戏剧——秦腔及其特点，以及把秦腔带出国门的女艺术家LiMei。32．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Afterdevelopingformorethan800years,itsabundantlocal

stylesofoperaarestillenjoyinggreatpopularity,ofwhichQinqiangisoneofthemostancientoperas.(经过800多年的发展，丰富的地方戏曲风格至今仍

广受欢迎，其中秦腔是最古老的戏曲之一)”可知，中国戏曲由各种充满活力的地方戏曲组成。故选B。33．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Thereasonwhythisoperawasabletotouchmillionsofheartsisthatithasabeautifulstory

presentedbyabeautifulartform.(这台戏曲能够打动数百万人的心，是因为它以一种美丽的艺术形式呈现了一个美丽的故事)”可知，因为优美的故事情节和出色的艺术形式，国外观众也被深深打动。故选D。34．词句猜测题。根据划线词

后面的句子“tellastorysoconvincinglythatEuropeanaudienceswarmlyhugthisunfamiliarartform.(讲述一个如此令人信服的故事，以至于欧洲观众热烈拥抱这

种陌生的艺术形式)”同时从句式看，socompellingly是修饰“interpretacharacter”与“tellastorysoconvincingly”并列，由此推测compellingly和convincingly

是近义词，意为“有说服力的”。故选A。35．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“She’sthegreatestcontributoryactresswho’sabletointerpretacharactersocompellinglyan

dtellastorysoconvincinglythatEuropeanaudienceswarmlyhugthisunfamiliarartform.(她是贡献最大的女演员，她能够如此引人注目地诠释一个角色，如

此令人信服地讲述一个故事，欧洲观众热情拥抱这种陌生的艺术形式)”可知，LiMei的贡献让欧洲观众热情拥抱秦腔，她对秦腔最大的贡献是她把中国的一种传统文化传播到了世界的另一端。故选D。