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专题01阅读理解（第02期）-2023届浙江高考英语模拟试题分项汇编阅读理解【2023届浙江省金华十校高三上学期11月模拟】London,withcountlessfamoussitesandallmanneroffood,dri

nk,shopping,history,andculture,isdefinitelyawonderfulcitytovisit.TimeZoneGreenwichMeanTimeduringthewinter,BritishSummerTimeduringtherestoftheyear(s

tartingatDaylightSavingTime).BestTimetoGoThebesttimetovisitLondonoverallisinspring,whenthetemperatureshavewarmedup,

thesunhasstartedtoshineandLondon’sgardensandparksarelookingtheirbest.However,therealityisthatthebesttimetotraveltoLondondepends

alotonwhatyou’relookingfor.Ifyou’reallabouttakingalookinsideQueenLiz’spalace,you’dbettermakeitinsummer,w

hilewinterisbeautifulandfestiveforthoselookingtogettheirfillofChristmasmarketsandtraditionalcheer.ThingstoKnowLondoners,andEnglishpeopleingener

al,haveamuchdifferentmannerofinteractingwithoneanotherthanAmericansdowhileanAmericanmightthinknothingofsmilingatastrangertheypassont

hesidewalkoraskingaboutworkinthefirstfewminutesofaconversation,Londonersmightconsideritimpoliteorstrange.Don’tmistakethisforunfriendlin

ess;it’sjustaculturaldifference.Instead,talkaboutthingslikemovies,TVshows,books,yourtravels,andthelike,insteadofworkorfamily.How

toGetAroundGettingaroundLondonisunbelievablyeasythankstothewell-maintainedandextensiveUnderground.TheUnderground,unlikeAmericantransportationsyst

emswhichoftenpayperrideorpayperlengthoftrip,arepaidinzones.Farealsovariesbasedontimeofdayandthemethodyouusetopay.It’sworthgettinganOystercardtom

akeyourlifethatmuchsimpler.1．Whereisthistextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Asurvey.B．Atraveljournal.C．Aresearchpaper.D．Aguidebook.2

．WhenisthebesttimetovisitLondonforpeoplewhoenjoyalivelyatmosphere?A．Spring.B．Summer.C．Autumn.D．Winter.3．Whichofthefollowingisasuitable

topicforstartingaconversationwithLondoners?A．Dailyentertainments.B．Futureplans.C．Personalrelationships.D．Annualincomes.【答案】1．D2．D3．A【

导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要说明了游览伦敦的一些建议。1．推理判断题。根据第一段“London,withcountlessfamoussitesandallmanneroffood,drink,shopping,history,andculture,isdefinitel

yawonderfulcitytovisit.(伦敦有无数的著名景点和各种各样的食物、饮料、购物、历史和文化，绝对是一个值得游览的好城市)”结合文章主要说明了游览伦敦的一些建议可推知，文章可能选自旅行指南。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ify

ou’reallabouttakingalookinsideQueenLiz’spalace,you’dbettermakeitinsummer,whilewinterisbeautifulandfestiveforthoselookingtogettheirfillofChristmasmar

ketsandtraditionalcheer.(如果你想参观莉兹女王的宫殿，你最好在夏天去，而对于那些想在圣诞市场和传统欢乐中饱览一番的人来说，冬天是美丽而喜庆的)”可知，对于喜欢热闹气氛的人来说，游览伦敦的最佳时间是冬天。故选D。3．细节理解

题。根据倒数第二段中“Instead,talkaboutthingslikemovies,TVshows,books,yourtravels,andthelike,insteadofworkorfamily.(你可以谈论电影、电视剧、书籍

、旅行之类的话题，而不是工作或家庭)”可知，日常娱乐主题适合和伦敦人开始对话。故选A。WhenIwasinnursingschool,Ihadtofocusmoreonmystudiesthanotheraspectsoflife,andlearns

omuchinashortamountoftime.However,theclinicalexperienceofnursingschoolallowedmetohavetheopportunitytoputwhatIlearnedinmyclassesandreadingsintoac

tion.OneofmyfavoriteexperiencesduringmyclinicaltrainingwaswhenIhadapatientwhowasfirststartingchemotherapy(化疗).Mynursing

instructorMarietoldmethatpatientsoftenexperienceananaphylactic(过敏性的)reactiontothemedicinewhentheyfirststartchemotherapy,soitisim

portanttogivethemedicineataslowerrate.Mariesaidthatifwehadapatientwhoreactedtothemedicine,weshouldstoprunningthechemotherapy,

checkthepatient’sbloodpressure,andthengivetheappropriatemedicinefromtheemergencykit.WhenIcheckedmypatientacoupleofminutesafter

startinghischemotherapy,Iaskedhimquestionsrelatedtoananaphylacticreaction.Ialsonoticedhisfacewasgettingalittle

redandhelookedshortofbreath.Hementionedhavinglowerbackpain,soIimmediatelystoppedthechemotherapy,startedtakinghisbloodpressure,

andreportedittoMarie.Hisbloodpressurewaswithinhisnormallimits,sowegavehimBenadrylviahisIV.TheBenadrylhelpedthepatient

,andwehadtheBenadrylrunningwhenwestartedhischemotherapyagain,butataslowerrate.Thistimethepatientdidnothaveananaphylactic

reaction,andtoleratedhischemotherapywell.Thisexperiencetaughtmehowimportantitistoassessyourpatientandtotea

chyourpatientbeforehandaboutthereactionthepatientcouldhaveduetothemedicine.MarieandItaughtourpatientaboutthereactionshecouldhavedue

tothechemotherapy;duetoourteaching,ourpatientrecognizedhissymptomsandwasabletoknowthatwhathewasexperiencingwasanexpectedreaction.

Duringtheclinicaltraining,IhadmanyexperienceswhereIhadtothinkonmyfeetandconductnursingcarequickly.Theseexperiencestaughtmealotabouthowt

obeanurseandemphasizedtheimportanceofconductingproperpatientcare.4．Whydidtheauthorstopgivingthepatientchemotherapy?A．Hehadhighbloodpressure.B．H

ehadareactiontothemedicine.C．Hefailedtotoleratethebackpain.D．Herefusedtoanswerherquestions.5．Accordingtotheauthor,whatplayeda

keyroleinsavingthepatient?A．Givingthepatientimmediatefirstaid.B．Makingadequatepreparationsinadvance.C．As

sessingtheeffectivenessofthemedicine.D．Tellingthepatientthepossiblereactionsofthemedicine.6．Whichofthefo

llowingwordsbestdescribestheauthor’sclinicalexperience?A．Rewarding.B．Dangerous.C．Interesting.D．Painful.

7．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toexpressgratitudetoherinstructor.B．Toencourageotherstotakeupnursing.

C．Toshareherclinicaltrainingexperience.D．Tostresstheimportanceofmedicaltreatment.【答案】4．B5．D6．A7．C【导语】本

文是一篇记叙文。作者主要分享了她的临床培训经验以及收获。4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Mariesaidthatifwehadapatientwhoreactedtothemedicine,wesho

uldstoprunningthechemotherapy,checkthepatient’sbloodpressure,andthengivetheappropriatemedicinefromtheemergencykit.(玛丽说，如果有病人对药物有反应，我们应该停止化疗，检查

病人的血压，然后从急救箱里拿出适当的药物)”可知，因为病人有病人对药物有反应，所以作者停止化疗。故选B。5．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Thisexperiencetaughtmehowimportantitistoassessyourpatientandtoteachyourpatien

tbeforehandaboutthereactionthepatientcouldhaveduetothemedicine.(这段经历让我明白，评估你的病人，事先告诉你的病人药物可能引起的反应是多么重要)”可知，告诉病人药物可能产生的反应对救病人起了关键作用。故选D。6．推理判断题。

根据文章第四段“Theseexperiencestaughtmealotabouthowtobeanurseandemphasizedtheimportanceofconductingproperpatientcare.(这些经历教会了我如何成为一名护士，并强调了正确护理病人的重要性)”可知，

作者的临床经验是值得的，有意义的。故选A。7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thisexperiencetaughtmehowimportantitistoassessyourpatientandtoteachyourpatientbeforehandaboutthereactionthepat

ientcouldhaveduetothemedicine.((这些经历教会了我如何成为一名护士，并强调了正确护理病人的重要性)”以及“Theseexperiencestaughtmealotabouthowtobeanu

rseandemphasizedtheimportanceofconductingproperpatientcare.(这些经历教会了我如何成为一名护士，并强调了正确护理病人的重要性)”可知，作者写本篇文章的目的是分享她的临床培训经验。故选

C。Whilethoseineducationunderstandthecurrentstateofthenation’sliteracy(读写能力)crisis,mosteverydayAmericansaredangerouslyunaware.Acco

rdingtotheU.S.DepartmentofEducation,nearly130millionAmericanadultsreadbelowasixth-gradelevel.Now,considerhowthatnumberrepresentsmoret

hanhalftheadultU.S.population.That’snotsurprising,accordingtothemostrecent“Nation’sReportCard”bytheNationalAssessmentofEducationalPro

gress(NAEP).TheNAEPreportsthatroughlyjustone-thirdofstudentsinfourth,eighthand12thgradesareproficient(精通)inreadingandhave“solidacademicpe

rformanceanddemonstratedcompetencyoverchallengingsubjectmatter.”Infact,thisU.S.readingcrisishasbeen20yea

rsinthemaking.Whileone-thirdofstudentsareconsideredproficient,thestatisticsareevenmorealarmingforlow-incomestudents,studentsofcolorandstuden

tswithdisabilities.Meanwhile,theCOVID-19pandemic(流行病)hasexposedagrowing“digitaldivide”inwhichthosewithoutaccesstosupportivelearningprogramsandteache

rswillcontinuetoslidethroughthecracks.Thisistroublingformanyreasons.Literacycanbeagreatequalizer,levelingtheplayingfieldacrosssystemic

socialissues,likeraceandgenderinequality.Itplaysanenormousroleinincreasingaccesstoeconomicopportunity.Itisestimatedthatincreasingliteracyproficienc

yhasthepotentialtogeneratealotmoreinannualincomefortheUnitedStates.Andontheindividuallevel,illiteracycanimpactaperson’

slifetimeearningpotentialby30-42%.Still,thebenefitsofliteracygofarbeyondsomeone’searningability.Literacysupportssocial,

physicalandemotionalwell-being,anditaffectseverythingfromcrimeratestohospitaladmissionstoself-confidence.Butchallengingastheliteracylandsca

pemayseemrightnow,thereiscauseforoptimism.Andthestrategyforliteracyissimple.8．WhatdoweknowaboutAmerica’sliteracycrisis?A．Itdates

backabouttwodecades.B．ItiswellunderstoodbymostAmericans.C．ItinvolveshalfoftheAmericanpopulation.D．Itismainlycausedbythegrowingdi

gitaldivide.9．Whydoestheauthormentionthreespecificgroupsofstudentsinparagraph4?A．Toattractpublicattentiontothesestudents.B．Toshowtheseriou

snessofliteracycrisisinAmerica.C．TostresstheinequalityintheAmericaneducationsystem.D．TopraisethehighreadingproficiencylevelofAm

ericanstudents.10．Whatisapossibleresultofimprovedliteracyontheindividuallevel?A．Highercrimerates.B．Increasedself-confiden

ce.C．Strongerdesireforwealth.D．Equallearningopportunities.11．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoliteracyinAmerica?

A．Tolerant.B．Ambiguous.C．Doubtful.D．Hopeful.【答案】8．A9．B10．C11．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了近1.3亿美国成年人的阅读水平低于六年级，文盲危机涉及一半的美国人口，美国的扫盲状况目前看起来很有挑战

性，我们还是有理由感到乐观的，因为提高读写能力的方法很简单。8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whilethoseineducationunderstandthecurrentstateofthenation’slite

racy(读写能力)crisis,mosteverydayAmericansaredangerouslyunaware.(虽然从事教育的人了解美国识字率危机的现状，但大多数普通美国人却危险地不知道)”以及文章第四段“Infact,thisU.S.readingcrisishasbeen20year

sinthemaking.(事实上，这场美国阅读危机已经酝酿了20年)”可知，美国人的阅读危机可以追溯到大约20年前。故选A。9．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Infact,thisU.S.readingcrisishasbeen20y

earsinthemaking.Whileone-thirdofstudentsareconsideredproficient,thestatisticsareevenmorealarmingforlow-incomestudents,studentsofcolorandstud

entswithdisabilities.(事实上，这场美国阅读危机已经酝酿了20年。虽然三分之一的学生被认为是优秀的，但对于低收入家庭的学生、有色人种的学生和残疾学生来说，统计数据更令人担忧)”可知，对于低收入家庭的学生

、有色人种的学生和残疾学生来说，阅读这方面的问题是更加的严重的。故选B。10．推理判断题。根据文章第七段“Itisestimatedthatincreasingliteracyproficiencyhasthepotentialtogeneratealotmorein

annualincomefortheUnitedStates.Andontheindividuallevel,illiteracycanimpactaperson’slifetimeearningpotentialby30-42%(据估计，提高读写能力有可能为美国带来更多的年收入

。在个人层面上，文盲会对一个人一生的收入潜力造成30-42%的影响)”可知，提高读写能力有助于人们追求更多的财富。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Butchallengingastheliteracylandscapemayseemrightnow,thereisc

auseforoptimism.Andthestrategyforliteracyissimple.(不过，尽管扫盲状况目前看起来很有挑战性，我们还是有理由感到乐观的。提高读写能力的方法很简单)”可知，作者认为扫盲状况看起来有挑战性，但是由于提

高读写能力的方法很简单，作者是很乐观的。故选D。Youmayhavenoticedsudden,brieftwitching(抽动)atsomepointwhileyourdogwassleepingandwonderediftheyweredreamingorevenexpressings

ometypeofdiscomfort.Theseinvoluntarymovementsonlyoccurduringdreamstatesandusuallydon’tlastlong.Soistwitchi

ngjustanormalpartofdreaming,oraretheretimeswhenyoushouldworry?Dogssleepanaverageof12-14hourseachday.Whiletheysleep,adog’sbrainprocessesinformationand

experiencesfromthedaythroughdreams.Twitchingisoftenrelatedtoactivedreamcyclesinthebrain.Accordingtoresearchbypsycholog

istStanleyCoren,anaverage-sizedogwilldreamaboutevery20minutes,andthesedreamswilllastaboutaminute.Largerbreeds

havefewerdreamsthatlastlonger-aboutevery45minutesfor4minutes.Theoppositeistrueforsmallerbreeddogs;theywilldre

amaboutevery10minutesforupto30seconds.Dogsexperiencethesamedreamstagesashumans,includingnon-rapideyemovement(NREM),short-wavesleep(SWS),andrapi

deyemovement(REM).DuringtheREMstate,adog’seyesmovearoundbehindtheirclosedeyelids,andthelargebodymusclesareturnedoffsothedreamisnotphysicallyactedout

.Theamountoftwitchingdependsonhowmuchtheseoffswitchescrampmusclemovement.Ifyourdogsleepsnexttoyou,the

ymayunintentionallydisturbyoursleepwiththeirsuddenbodymovements.However,itisoftenadvisednottoawakenadogthatistwit

chingintheirsleepunlesstheyareclearlyindistress.Abaddreamornightterrorcouldbethecauseoftheseinvoluntarymovements,andtheymaywakeupfrightened.Trytoav

oidtouchingthemsotheydon’tbiteyouasaresultofbeingshockedandpanicked.Instead,gentlycallyourdog’snameuntiltheyrespond.Speakcalmlyandtellthemthattheyar

esafeandsecureaftertheywakeup.Whiletheyappeartobeprettyactiveintheirsleep,dreamingdogsmaybeslowtoawaken.12．Whicho

fthefollowinginfluenceshowoftendogsdream?A．Theirsleepingtime.B．Theirbodysize.C．Theirdailyexperiences.D．Theirhealthcondi

tions13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cramp”meaninparagraph4?A．Stimulate.B．Analyze.C．Restrict.D．Monitor.14．Whyisitadvisednottowakeupadogtwitchi

nginsleep?A．Toavoidbeingbittenbythedog.B．Toensurethedogadequatesleep.C．Topreventthedoggettingshocked.D．Toescapedisturbancefromth

edog.15．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HowdoesDogs’BrainWork?B．WhydoDogsDreamatNight?C．WhydoDogsTwitchinTheirSleep?D．Ho

wdoesDogs’TwitchAffectTheirSleep?【答案】12．B13．C14．A15．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么狗在睡觉时会抽搐的现象，以及如何处理这种情况避免被狗咬伤或惊吓到狗。12．细节理解题。根据第四段“Accordingtoresearc

hbypsychologistStanleyCoren,anaverage-sizedogwilldreamaboutevery20minutes,andthesedreamswilllastaboutaminute.Largerb

reedshavefewerdreamsthatlastlonger-aboutevery45minutesfor4minutes.Theoppositeistrueforsmallerbreeddogs;theywilldreamaboutevery10minutesforupto30se

conds.(根据心理学家斯坦利·科伦的研究，一只中等大小的狗每20分钟会做梦一次，这些梦会持续大约一分钟。体型较大的品种的梦更少，持续时间更长——大约每45分钟做一次，持续4分钟。小型犬的情况正好相反;他们每10分钟做梦一次，持续30秒)”可知，狗的体型会影响狗的做梦频率。故选B。

13．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“DuringtheREMstate,adog’seyesmovearoundbehindtheirclosedeyelids,andthelargebodymusclesareturnedoffsothedreamisnotphysicallya

ctedout.(在快速眼动状态下，狗的眼睛在紧闭的眼睑后移动，身体的大块肌肉被关闭，所以梦不会在身体上发生)”以及“Theamountoftwitchingdependsonhowmuchtheseoffswitches”可知，抽搐的程度取决于这些开关对肌肉运动的限制程度。

故画线词意思是“限制”。故选C。14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Trytoavoidtouchingthemsotheydon’tbiteyouasaresultofbeingshockedandpanicked.(尽量避免碰到它们，这样它们就不会因为受惊而咬你)”可

知，建议不要吵醒睡梦中抽搐的狗是为了避免被狗咬伤。故选A。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Youmayhavenoticedsudden,brieftwitching(抽动)atsomepointwhileyourdogwassl

eepingandwonderediftheyweredreamingorevenexpressingsometypeofdiscomfort.(你可能会注意到你的狗狗在睡觉时突然短暂的抽搐，想知道它们是在做梦，还是在表达某种不适)”结合文章主要解释了为什么狗在睡觉时会抽搐的

现象，以及如何处理这种情况避免被狗咬伤或惊吓到狗。可知，C选项“为什么狗在睡觉时会抽搐？”最符合文章标题。故选C。阅读理解【2023届浙江省宁波市高三上学期高考与选考模拟】Withaworldfulloffascinatingdestinat

ions,choosingtheperfectvacationspotcanpresentachallenge.Usetheserecommendationstomakeyourtravelbucketlist.ParisThemagneticCitydrawsvisito

rsfromaroundtheglobetoseeiconicattractionsliketheEiffelTowerandtheLouvre.Butwhattravelersreallylovearetheold-fashionedc

afes,livelymarketsandtrendyshoppingdistricts.Getlostwanderingalongthecharmingstreets,orrelaxonthebanksoftheSeinefo

rhours.Ifyou’reupforaquickdaytrip,headtothePalaceofVersailles,whichoffersguidedandself-guidedtoursoftheestate.SouthIslandNewZealand’sSouthIs

landbrimswithmagnificentlandscapeateveryturn.Here,youcanadmirethemountainsofFiordlandNationalPark.Atnight,journeytotheMount

JohnObservatorytogazeatthestarryskies.YoucanalsosatisfyyourselfinQueenstown(afavoritedestinationamongbu

ngeejumpers),sampledeliciouswineintheMarlboroughregionorexploreNewZealand’smostaccessibleglaciersontheisland’sw

estcoast.BoraBoraHere,inthissmallFrenchPolynesianisland,you’llfindpicturesquebeaches,appealingjunglesandluxuriousresorts.Theisl

and’sextinctvolcano,MountOtemanu,makesachallenginghike,andthefriendlyBoraBoralocalscanhelpyoucatchaglimpseo

ftheisland’sbestsights.AlthoughatriptoBoraBoraisveryexpensive,mosttravelerssayit’swortheverypenny.GrandCanyonTheGrandCanyonoffersplentyofoutdooracti

vitiesforeveryonefromday-tripperstoadventurejunkies.Hikealongthenationalpark’spopularRimandBrightAngeltrailsforexceptionalviews,experiencearaftingtri

pdowntheColoradoRiverorviewthedramaticArizonalandscapefromaboveduringahelicoptertour.Ifyou’refeelingespecially

daring,signupforskydivingabovethecanyon.1．Whichofthefollowingdestinationsisaparadiseforshoppinglovers?

A．Paris.B．SouthIsland.C．BoraBora.D．GrandCanyon.2．WhatdoSouthIslandandGrandCanyonhaveincommon?A．Theybothoffertravelersafan

tasticislandview.B．Theybothallowtravelerstoexperienceadventures.C．Theybothallowtravelerstostaywithlocalfamilies.D．They

bothoffertravelerschancestoobservethesky.3．Thistextismainlyintendedfor________.A．touristguidesB．magazineed

itorsC．fashiondesignersD．vacationplanners【答案】1．A2．B3．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个旅游胜地的情况。1．细节理解题。根据Paris下的描述“Butwhattravelersreallylovearetheold-

fashionedcafes,livelymarketsandtrendyshoppingdistricts.(但旅行者真正喜欢的是老式的咖啡馆、热闹的市场和时髦的购物区)”可知，巴黎是购物爱好者的天堂。故选A。2．推理

判断题。根据SouthIsland下的介绍“YoucanalsosatisfyyourselfinQueenstown(afavoritedestinationamongbungeejumpers),sampledeliciouswineintheMarlbo

roughregionorexploreNewZealand’smostaccessibleglaciersontheisland’swestcoast.(你也可以在皇后镇(蹦极爱好者最喜欢的目的地)满足自己，在马尔伯勒地区品尝美味的葡萄

酒，或探索新西兰西海岸最容易到达的冰川)”以及GrandCanyon下的介绍“TheGrandCanyonoffersplentyofoutdooractivitiesforeveryonefromday-tripperstoad

venturejunkies.(大峡谷为从一日游到冒险爱好者的所有人提供了大量的户外活动)”可知，两者的共同之处是它们都能让旅行者体验冒险。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Withaworldfulloffascinatingdes

tinations,choosingtheperfectvacationspotcanpresentachallenge.Usetheserecommendationstomakeyourtravelbucketl

ist.(世界上充满了迷人的目的地，选择一个完美的度假地点是一个挑战。使用这些建议来制作你的旅行愿望清单)”可知，本文主要是为假期计划者准备的。故选D。Sixmonthsago,28-year-oldDa

nnyWallace,whoearnshislivingasaTVcomicand“ideas”man,hadagreatidea.Whatifhestartedhisowncountryandinvit

edanyonewhowantedtojoinhimtobecomeacitizen?So,naminghimselfKingDannyIanddeclaringhisone-bedroomflatinEastL

ondonanindependentstate,hesetabouttakingthenecessarystepstomakehisdreamcometrue.HeevendocumentedhisprogressinhisBBC2ser

iesHowToStartYourOwnCountry,whichcomestotheendofitssix-weekrunonWednesday.Overthesixweeks,Dannyexploredthep

ossibilitiesofforminghisowncountry.ThefirstthingonhisagendawastohandinhisDeclarationofIndependencetotheprim

eminister.Withthisoutoftheway,hewasfreetostartthinkingaboutwritingaconstitutionandsettingupagovernment.Thenhewasofftode

signhisownflagandrecordhisownnationalanthemandevengotsomeonetodesignpossiblepostagestampsofhiscountry,withhisfaceont

hem!ThefinalthingDannyhadtodowastofindanameforhiscountry.Athisrequest,citizenssentinthousandsofsuggestionsastowhatthisnewcountry

couldbecalled.IdeasrangedfromFlatlandtoWallaceland!But,intheend,thefinalselectioncamedowntojusttwo:HomeorLovely.Aimingtobecomethemostd

emocraticdemocracyintheworldwhereitscitizenshavetheopportunitytoenjoyequality,KingDannyachievedaworldfi

rstandletthepeopledecide.Lovelyfinallystoodout.Whetherthecountrywillcontinuetogrowwillverymuchdependonhowbusyitscreatoris.And,as

DannyWallaceismuchindemandforseveralotherTVprojects,itmightfalltoothermembersofhisgovernmenttokeepthingsrunning.Butwithelectionspromisedeverysixmont

hs,thecreationoftheUniversityofLovelyandseveralsportingeventsplannedoverthecomingweeks,thereareplentyof

activitiestokeepthecitizensofLovelyoccupiedforquiteawhileyet.4．WhatdoesDannyWallace’s“greatidea”inParagraph1referto?A．Making

adocumentary.B．Foundinganewcountry.C．Owninganindependentstate.D．ChoosingactorsforaTVshow.5．What’scrucialtocar

ryingoutDanny’sgreatidea?A．Draftingaconstitution.B．Gettingofficialapproval.C．Analyzingthepossibilities.

D．Composinganationalanthem.6．WhatcanbeinferredfromthefinaldecisiononthenameLovely?A．LovelybeatHomeinthefinalselection.B．Theworldis

createdbyordinarypeople.C．Thecitizens’rightsofacountryarerespected.D．LovelysignalsthesuccessfulruleofKingDanny.7．What’smain

lydiscussedinthelastparagraph?A．ThefutureofLovely.B．Thelifeofthecitizens.C．ThedailyroutineofDannyWallace.D．TheestablishmentoftheUniversityof

Lovely.【答案】4．B5．B6．C7．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了28岁的丹尼·华莱士6个月前有了建立自己国家的想法，在六周的时间里，丹尼探索了建立自己国家的可能性。文章介绍了他建立国家的过程和国家的未来发展。

4．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Whatifhestartedhisowncountryandinvitedanyonewhowantedtojoinhimtobecomeacitizen?(如果他建立了自己的国家，邀

请任何想加入他的人成为公民呢？)”可知，丹尼·华莱士在第一段中的“伟大的想法”指的是建立一个新国家。故greatidea指的是“建立一个新国家”。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ThefirstthingonhisagendawastohandinhisDecla

rationofIndependencetotheprimeminister.Withthisoutoftheway,hewasfreetostartthinkingaboutwritingaconstitutionandsettingupagovernment.(他议程上的第一件

事是向首相递交《独立宣言》。这件事解决后，他可以自由地开始考虑制定宪法和组建政府)”可知，实现丹尼的伟大想法的关键是获得官方批准。故选B。6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But,intheend,thefinalselect

ioncamedowntojusttwo:HomeorLovely.Aimingtobecomethemostdemocraticdemocracyintheworldwhereitscitizenshavetheopportunity

toenjoyequality,KingDannyachievedaworldfirstandletthepeopledecide.Lovelyfinallystoodout.(但最终，最终的选择只有两个：Hom

e或Lovely。丹尼国王的目标是成为世界上最民主的民主国家，让公民享有平等的机会，实现了世界上第一个由人民决定的民主国家。Lovely终于脱颖而出了)”由此，我们可以从Lovely这个名字的最终决定中推断出一个国家的公民权利受到尊重。故选C。7．主

旨大意题。根据最后一段“Whetherthecountrywillcontinuetogrowwillverymuchdependonhowbusyitscreatoris.And,asDannyWallaceismuchindemandforsevera

lotherTVprojects,itmightfalltoothermembersofhisgovernmenttokeepthingsrunning.Butwithelectionspromisedeverysixmonths,thecreat

ionoftheUniversityofLovelyandseveralsportingeventsplannedoverthecomingweeks,thereareplentyofactivitiestokeepthecitizensofLovelyoccupiedforquiteaw

hileyet.(这个国家能否继续发展，很大程度上取决于它的缔造者有多忙。此外，由于丹尼·华莱士在其他几部电视节目中很受欢迎，维持运营的重任可能落到他的政府的其他成员身上。但是，每六个月举行一次选举，拉维大学的成立，以及未来几周计划举行的几项体育赛事，拉维的市民们在相当长一段时间内仍有大量的

活动可做)”可知，最后一段主要讨论了Lovely的未来。故选A。If,likeme,you’rethekindofpersonwhofindsithardtomakedecisions,thenMalcolmGladwell’sBlinkmightjustb

ethebookyouhavebeenwaitingfor.BecauseBlinkisallaboutrapidcognition—thatis,thosemomentswhenwemakesnapjudgements,forexample,whenmeetingsomeone

forthefirsttimeorlookingatsomethingwe’rethinkingofbuying.Heanalysesexactlywhatgoesoninourheadswhenwema

kesplit-seconddecisionsandcomparesthistothethoughtprocessesinvolvedwhenwetakelongertocometoadecision.Interestinglyheclai

msthat,“Therearelotsofsituations—particularlyattimesofhighpressureandstress—whenfortunatelyhastedoesnotmakewaste.”W

hatmakesBlinkareallyinterestingreadisthenumberofstoriesthatGladwellincludestosupporthistheories.OnesuchstoryinvolvesdoctorsintheEmergencyRoo

matCookCountyHospitalinChicago.Aftertoldtochangethewayofdiagnoses,insteadofaskingforinformationsuchasthepatient’sagean

dweightandmedicalhistory,theyweregoingtofocusonlyonthepatient’sbloodpressure.AndnowCookCountyisoneofthebestplacesintheUSatdiagnosingches

tpain.Ofcourse,thereareoccasionswhenweleaptothewrongconclusion.Inhisresearch,GladwelldiscoveredthatalmostalltheC

EOsofthetopcompaniesintheUSaretall.Thereisnoactualrelationshipbetweenheightandintelligence,butforsomereason,corporationsoverwhelminglych

oosetallpeopleforleadershiproles.Thereissomethinggoingoninthefirstfewsecondsofmeetingatallpersonwhichmakesusthinkofthatpersonasane

ffectiveleader,whichunfortunatelystopsusfrommakinganinformeddecision.Allinall,Blinkisafascinatingstudyonanactivitythatwealldoseveralt

imesaday.Readitandmakebetterdecisions.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“snap”inthefirstparagraphmean?A．Instan

t.B．Decisive.C．HesitantD．Important.9．HowweredoctorsatCookCountyHospitalabletomakebetterdiagnoses?A．Byo

btainingthepatients’medicalhistory.B．Bybasingdiagnosesonpatients’bloodpressure.C．Byabandoningregularwaysofdi

agnosingpatients.D．Byinquiringaboutcurrenthealthconditionofthepatients.10．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbymentioningleadershiprolesoftallpeople?A．Ta

llpeopletendtobecapableleaders.B．Aperson’sheightandintelligencearecloselyrelated.C．CEOsoftopcompaniesusuallydrawrightconclusions.D．Thefirstimpression

ofapersoncanresultinbadjudgement.11．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tohonorawriter.B．Torecommendabook.C．Tointroducearesearch.D．To

explainaphenomenon.【答案】8．A9．B10．D11．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本马尔科姆·格拉德威尔的《眨眼》一书，可以帮助人快速做出决定。8．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“

BecauseBlinkisallaboutrapidcognition”（因为Blink是关于快速认知的）以及后文“forexample,whenmeetingsomeoneforthefirsttim

eorlookingatsomethingwe’rethinkingofbuying”（例如，当我们第一次见到某人或者看到我们想买的东西的时候。）可知，举例是为了对前文做解释，因而划线词所在句指也就是说，当我们做出立即判断的时候，故

画线词意思是“立即”。故选A。9．细节理解题。根据第三段“OnesuchstoryinvolvesdoctorsintheEmergencyRoomatCookCountyHospitalinChicago.Aftert

oldtochangethewayofdiagnoses,insteadofaskingforinformationsuchasthepatient’sageandweightandmedicalhistory,theywere

goingtofocusonlyonthepatient’sbloodpressure.AndnowCookCountyisoneofthebestplacesintheUSatdiagnosingchestpain.(其中一个故事涉及芝加哥库克县医院急诊室的医生。在被

告知改变诊断方式后，他们不再询问患者的年龄、体重和病史等信息，而是只关注患者的血压。现在库克县是美国诊断胸痛最好的地方之一)”可知，库克县医院的医生根据病人的血压进行诊断，从而做出更好的诊断。故选B。10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Ofc

ourse,thereareoccasionswhenweleaptothewrongconclusion.Inhisresearch,Gladwelldiscoveredthatalmostallthe

CEOsofthetopcompaniesintheUSaretall.Thereisnoactualrelationshipbetweenheightandintelligence,butforsomereason,corporat

ionsoverwhelminglychoosetallpeopleforleadershiproles.Thereissomethinggoingoninthefirstfewsecondsofmeetingatallpersonwhichmakesusthinkofthatpers

onasaneffectiveleader,whichunfortunatelystopsusfrommakinganinformeddecision.(当然，有时我们会草率地得出错误的结论。在他的研究中，格拉德威尔发现，几乎所有美

国顶级公司的CEO都是高个子。身高和智力之间并没有实际的关系，但出于某种原因，公司绝大多数都选择高个子的人担任领导职务。在见到一个高个子的人的最初几秒钟，会发生一些事情，让我们认为这个人是一个有效的领导者，不幸的是，这阻止了我们做出明智的决定)”可知，

作者提到高个子的领导作用是为了说明对一个人的第一印象会导致错误的判断。故选D。11．推理判断题。根据第一段“If,likeme,you’rethekindofpersonwhofindsithardtomakedecisions,thenMal

colmGladwell’sBlinkmightjustbethebookyouhavebeenwaitingfor.(如果像我一样，你是那种很难做决定的人，那么马尔科姆·格拉德威尔的《眨眼》可能就是你一直在等待的书)”以及最后一段“Allina

ll,Blinkisafascinatingstudyonanactivitythatwealldoseveraltimesaday.Readitandmakebetterdecisions.(总之，《眨眼》是一项关于我们每天都要做几次的

活动的迷人研究。阅读它，做出更好的决定)”可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一本书。故选B。Aeronautics(航空学)specialistsfromtheUniversityofSouthAustraliaspentmonthsstudyingthedrago

nfly’sflight,creating3Dmodelsfromdigitalimages,tobuildawingeddrone(无人机).StudyleaderJavaanChahlbelievesthatwingeddronesbasedonthedragonfly

’sshapeandmovementwillsimplybemoreflexibleandenergyefficient.Chahl’steamusedaspecialphotographytechniquetoclassifythewingshapesof7

5differentdragonflyspeciesfrommuseumcollections.Theirwingsarelong,lightandhard.Plus,theirlongbodiesgivethem

excellentstabilityandbalance,makingitpossibleforwingeddronestodeliverawkwardloadsandundertakelongobservationmissions.I

nvestigatingthewaythatdragonfliesremainstableduringflightactuallyrevealsthetechniquestheyusetogetthemselvesoutoftrickysituations.Drago

nfliesarefoundtobeabletoperformupside-downbackflipstoregainbalanceandnormalflight,whentheyfindthemse

lvesupsidedownmid-air.Thisspecialskillcanevenbeperformedwhiledragonfliesareunconscious,meaningitisapassivestabilitymechanismsimilarinconcepttoplan

esthataredesignedtoglidetosafetywiththeirenginesturnedoff.Engineersarelookingtocopydragonflywingstocr

eatesaferdronesthatcanrightthemselves.Ofcourse,notallattemptstobuilddragonfly-likedronesaresuccessful.TechJet’sairvehiclewassupposedtooperat

easanaerialcamera,observationandsecuritydrone,butitfailedbeforeproductiongotunderway.Similarly,Insect

othopter,anAmericandragonflyspydronebuiltinthe1970swasdeserted.Yettheprinciplesbehindwingeddronesaresolid.Infact,NASAhassettl

edonanuclear-poweredautonomouscraftcalledDragonflytoexplorethesurfaceofSaturn’smoonTitanin2034.NASA’sprojectisactuallyanairvehicle,ratherthanawi

ngeddrone,butengineersarestillconvincedtheycancrackthecodeofnature’smostgiftedflyinginsectandrevolutionizeunmannedflightal

ongtheway.12．Whydidaeronauticsspecialistsspendmonthsstudyingthedragonfly’sflight?A．Tobuild3Dmodelsfromdigitalimages.B

．Tomakewingeddronesmodelledafterit.C．Toclarifytheflexibilityandefficiencyofdrones.D．Todisplaytheshapeandmovementofthedragonfly.13．Thespec

ialskillofdragonfliesistheirabilityto_________.A．glidetosafetyB．avoidtrickysituationsC．performobservationtasksD．adju

stthemselvestostaystable14．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardswingeddrones?A．Skeptical.B．Uncertain.C．Supportive.D．Conservative.15．Whichcanbeasuit

abletitleforthetext?A．WingedDrones:StillaLongWaytoGoB．JavaanChahl:AnInnovativeLeaderofAeronauticsC．ADragonfly’sFlyingTechnique:PerfectforDronesD

．TheCodeofNature:ASolutiontoNASA’sSpaceExploration【答案】12．B13．D14．C15．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。南澳大利亚大学的航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的

飞行，从数字图像创建3D模型，以建造一架有翼无人机。文章介绍了蜻蜓特殊的飞行技能以及人们对类似蜻蜓的无人机的尝试。12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Aeronautics(航空学)specialistsfromtheUniversityofSouthAustral

iaspentmonthsstudyingthedragonfly’sflight,creating3Dmodelsfromdigitalimages,tobuildawingeddrone(无人机).(南澳大利亚大学的航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行，从数字

图像创建3D模型，以建造一架有翼无人机)”可知，航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行是为了仿照它制作有翼无人机。故选B。13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Dragonfliesarefoundtobeable

toperformupside-downbackflipstoregainbalanceandnormalflight,whentheyfindthemselvesupsidedownmid-air.Thisspecialskillcanevenb

eperformedwhiledragonfliesareunconscious,meaningitisapassivestabilitymechanismsimilarinconcepttoplanesthataredesignedtoglidetosafetywiththeirengin

esturnedoff.(人们发现，当蜻蜓发现自己在半空中倒立时，它们能够进行倒立后空翻以恢复平衡和正常飞行。这种特殊技能甚至可以在蜻蜓无意识的情况下进行，这意味着它是一种被动稳定机制，在概念上类似于飞机在关闭引

擎的情况下滑翔到安全地带)”可知，蜻蜓的特殊技能是它们调整自己以保持稳定的能力。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yettheprinciplesbehindwingeddronesaresolid.(然而，有翼无人机

背后的原理是可靠的)”以及“NASA’sprojectisactuallyanairvehicle,ratherthanawingeddrone,butengineersarestillconvincedtheycancrackthecodeo

fnature’smostgiftedflyinginsectandrevolutionizeunmannedflightalongtheway.(美国宇航局的项目实际上是一种飞行器，而不是有翼无人机，但工程师们仍然相信他们

可以破解自然界最具天赋的飞行昆虫的密码，并在此过程中彻底改变无人飞行)”可推知，作者对有翼无人机的态度是支持的。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Aeronautics(航空学)specialistsfromtheUniversityofSouthAustraliaspent

monthsstudyingthedragonfly’sflight,creating3Dmodelsfromdigitalimages,tobuildawingeddrone(无人机).StudyleaderJavaanChahlbelievesthatwingeddrones

basedonthedragonfly’sshapeandmovementwillsimplybemoreflexibleandenergyefficient.(南澳大利亚大学的航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行，从数字图像创建3D模型，以建造一架有翼无人机。研究负责人JavaanCha

hl认为，基于蜻蜓形状和运动的带翼无人机将更加灵活和节能)”结合文章介绍了蜻蜓特殊的飞行技能以及人们对类似蜻蜓的无人机的尝试。可知，C选项“蜻蜓的飞行技术：无人机的完美选择”最符合文章标题。故选C。阅读理解【2023届浙江省温州市普通高中高三第一次适应性考试】Nobody

likestospendmoneyonanewbookonlytofacedisappointmentwhenitdoesn’tliveuptoyourexpectations.Herearethebestbookr

eviewsitestohelpyouavoidbuyingbooksthatyou’llregretreading.GoodreadsGoodreadsistheleadingonlinecommunityforbooklovers.Ifyouwantsomeinspirationfor

whichnovelorbiographytoreadnext,thisisthebestbookreviewsitetovisit.Thereareanendlessnumberofuser-generatedreadingliststoexplore.Fa

ntasyBookReviewFantasyBookReviewshouldbehighonthelistforanyonewhoisafanoffantasyworks.Thebookreviewsitepublishesreviewsforbothchildren’sbooksandadult

s’books.Ithasasectiononthetopfantasybooksofalltime.BooklistBooklistisaprintmagazinethatalsooffersanonlineportal.TrustedexpertsfromtheAmericanLibrary

Associationwriteallthebookreviews.Youcanseepartsofreviewsfordifferentbooks.However,toreadtheminfull,youwilln

eedtosubscribe.YouTubeYouTubeisnotthetypeofplacethatimmediatelyspringstomindwhenyouthinkofthebestbookreviewsitesonl

ine.However,thereareseveralengagingYouTubechannelsthatfrequentlyofferopinionsonbooksthey’veread.Althoughit’se

asytobeattractedbyanimpressivebookcover,it’salwaysbesttohaveaquicklookatthebookreviewsbeforeactuallybuyingacop

y.Thisway,youcansaveyourmoneyandspenditonthebooksthatyou’llbeproudtodisplayonyourshelvesforalongtime.1．Wh

ichsitebestsuitspeoplewhowanttobuyabiography?A．Goodreads.B．FantasyBookReview.C．Booklist.D．YouTube.2．Wha

tcanvisitorsdoonBooklist?A．Editbookreviews.B．Discusswithexperts.C．Readfullreviewsafterpayment.D．Findinformationaboutwriters.3．Whatisrecommendedbefor

ebuyingabook?A．Notingthebookcover.B．Readingthebookreviews.C．Preparingadisplayshelf.D．Checkingthebook’sratings.【答案】1．A2．

C3．B【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个书评网站的情况。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ifyouwantsomeinspirationforwhichnovelorbiographytoreadnext,thisisthebestbookreviewsitetovisit.(如果你想

要一些下一本小说或传记的灵感，这是最好的书评网站访问)”可知，Goodreads最适合想买传记的人。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Youcanseepartsofreviewsfordifferentbooks.However,toreadtheminfull,youwi

llneedtosubscribe.(你可以看到不同书籍的部分评论。然而，要完整阅读它们，你需要订阅)”可知，访客可以在Booklist上付款后阅读完整的评论。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Altho

ughit’seasytobeattractedbyanimpressivebookcover,it’salwaysbesttohaveaquicklookatthebookreviewsbeforeactuallybuyingacopy.(尽管人们很容易被一本令人印象深刻的书的封

面所吸引，但在真正购买之前，最好还是快速浏览一下书评)”可知，在买书之前，建议阅读书评。故选B。It’saclassicstory:Akidisforcedtolearnaninstrumentfromayoungage,theyplayitthroughouttheirchildhood,

andtheydevelopabittersweetrelationshipwithit.Istheconstantbattlebetweentheloveforthemusicandthehatefortheconstantchallengeworththefight?Forme,itwas.I

startedplayingthepianowhenIwasfour-thatwas15yearsago!Thiswashugecommitment,sotheremusthavebeensomethingworthholdingonto,right?Theeas

yguessisthatIwaspurelyinlovewithmusicandpiano.Althoughthat’sthesweetertale,it’sabitmorecomplicated.Istruggledalotwithpiano.Familyandp

eerswere,atleastinmyownhead,constantlyplacedbesidemeincompetition.Ifeltpressuretobethebestinordertoprovesomethingtoothers-andmoredevasta

tingly(破坏性地)toprovesomethingtomyself.Theseedofmymusicalinterestwasgrowninthesunlightofcompetitionanddoubt.Hatesprouted(滋生)whenmyself-criticis

mhittoohard.It’sdifficulttolearntolovesomethingthatdidn’toriginatefromlove.Forawhile,pianowasmoreofanannoyancethanahobby.Butsomehow,lovegrew.Itwasd

eeplyburied.Butitwasthere,andbyhighschool,itwasstrongenoughthatwhenIwastrulyonthevergeofquittinganykindofformaltraining.Ifoun

dthestrengthtoholdontighter,anddigfurther.Iswitchedteachers,andgotincrediblyluckywithonewhohelpedmetunnel

intowhatIloved.Ilearnedpiecesformyself,Icomposedformyself,andIfoundconfidencenotbecauseIgot“goodenough,”b

utbecauseIlearnedthatanythingIhadwasgoodenough.TheloveandhateI’vehadforthepianowerebothplantedandgrown.Ifyoutoohavelearnedtohatesomething,remember

thatwithcommitment,itcanbeuprooted,andlovecanmakeahomeinitsplace.Thereisalwaystime.Thereisalwaysroom.4．Whatdoestheauthorwan

ttoshowbytellingaclassicstory?A．Thebenefitsofmusic.B．Kids’struggleinlearninginstruments.C．Kids’bittersweetchildhood.D．Thepopularityoflearningins

truments.5．Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor’sexperienceofplayingthepiano?A．Shefinallyquitformaltraining.B

．Shenevertreateditasherhobby.C．Shewasinpurelovewithmusicandpiano.D．Sheonceexperiencedgreatpressurefromherself.6．Whathel

pedtheauthorfindconfidence?A．Herattitude.B．Hertraining.C．Hercompromise.D．Herachievement.7．Whatmessageismainlydeliveredinthepassage

?A．Practicemakesperfect.B．Loveisathingthatgrows.C．Contentisbetterthanriches.D．Chancefavorsthepreparedmind.【答案】4．B5．D6．A7．B【导语】Z这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述自己在学

习钢琴过程中的爱与恨以及自己感悟。4．推理判断题。由文章第一段“It’saclassicstory:Akidisforcedtolearnaninstrumentfromayoungage,theyplayitthroughouttheirchild

hood,andtheydevelopabittersweetrelationshipwithit.Istheconstantbattlebetweentheloveforthemusicandthehatefortheconst

antchallengeworththefight?Forme,itwas.(这是一个经典的故事：一个孩子从小就被迫学习一种乐器，他们在整个童年时期都在演奏，并与之发展出苦乐参半的关系。对音乐的热爱和对不断挑战的憎恨之间不断的斗争值得吗？对我来说，是的。)”可知，文章讲故事是为了说

明孩子们在学乐器方面的挣扎，然后引出介绍自己的情况。故选B项。5．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Ifeltpressuretobethebestinordertoprovesomethingtoothers-andmoredevastatingly(破坏性地)toprovesom

ethingtomyself.Theseedofmymusicalinterestwasgrowninthesunlightofcompetitionanddoubt.(为了向别人证明一些东西，我感受到了成为最好的人的压力——更具毁灭性的是，为了向自己证

明一些东西。我对音乐的兴趣在竞争和怀疑的阳光下生长。)”可知，作者曾经经历了来自自己的巨大压力。故选D项。6．细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段“Ilearnedpiecesformyself,Icomposedfo

rmyself,andIfoundconfidencenotbecauseIgot“goodenough,”butbecauseIlearnedthatanythingIhadwasgoodenough.(我为自己学习曲子，为自己作曲，我找到了自信，不是因为

我“足够好”，而是因为我知道我所拥有的一切都足够好。)”可知，作者找到自信地原因是自己态度的转变，对一切的重新认识。故选A项。7．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“It’sdifficulttolearntolovesomethingthatdid

n’toriginatefromlove.(很难学会去爱一些不是源于爱的东西。)”以及文章最后一段“TheloveandhateI’vehadforthepianowerebothplantedandgrown.Ifyoutoohavelearnedtohatesome

thing,rememberthatwithcommitment,itcanbeuprooted,andlovecanmakeahomeinitsplace.Thereisalwaystime.Thereisa

lwaysroom.(我对钢琴的爱和恨都是种下的，也是成长的。如果你也学会了憎恨某件事，请记住，有了承诺，它可以被连根拔起，爱可以在它的地方建立一个家。时间总是有的。空间也总是有的。)”以及上下文可知，文章通过自

己练钢琴的经历领悟到：对东西的爱是可以逐渐培养形成的，所以B项Loveisathingthatgrows(爱是一种成长的东西)符合文意。故选B项。Aroundtheglobefarmorebirdspeciesarelosinggroundthan

gaining,accordingtoanexpansivereviewofahalf-centuryofbirdpopulationresearchpublishedinthejournalAnnualReviewofEnvironmentandResourcesinMay.There

view,entitledTheStateoftheWorld’sBirds,showedthatmorethan5,200differentspeciesofbirds-justshyofhalftheworld’stotal-areknownorsu

spectedtobedeclining.Around3,800speciesarerelativelystable,andfewerthan700speciesshowincreases.AmongbirdsontheIUCNRedListofThreatenedSpecies,almost40

0birdsworldwidehavehadtheirconservationstatuschangedfortheworseinthepastthreedecades(movingfromvulnerabletothreatened,orth

reatenedtoendangered)—fivetimesmorethanthenumberofbirdspecieswithanIUCNstatusthathaschangedforthebetter.“Afterdocumenting

thelossofnearly3billionbirdsinNorthAmericaalone(accordingtoa2019studypublishedinthejournalScience),itwasdisturbin

gtoseethesamepatternsofpopulationdeclinesandextinctionoccurringglobally,”saysreviewcoauthorKenRosenbe

rg,aconservationscientistnowretiredfromtheCormellLabofOmithology.Thereviewpointstodisappearinganddegradedhabitat-resultin

gfromclimatechange,urbanization,agriculturalintensification,andinternationaltrade-astheleadingdriverofbirddeclinesworldwide.Inanoteofhope,theautho

rscitea2020studyindicatingthatrestoringjust5%ofhabitatinpriorityareasaroundtheworldcouldavert60%oflikelyextinctions.Leadaut

horAlexanderLees,aresearchassociateattheCormellLab,alsopointstotheneedforsubstantialchangesinhumanbehaviortopreventfurtherlosses.“Lossa

nddegradationofhabitatisoftendrivenbydemandforresources,”saysLees.“Weneedtobetterconsiderhowcommodityflowssucha

sbeef,oil,andseedcropscancontributetobiodiversitylossandtrytoreducethehumanfootprintonthenaturalworld.”8．Inwhatord

erarethreatenedspeciesarrangedontheIUCN’sRedList?A．Speciesquantity.B．Livinghabitat.C．Decliningrate.D．Conservationstatus.9．HowdoesKenRose

nbergfeelwhensayingthewords?A．Hopeful.B．Relieved.C．Doubtful.D．Concerned.10．Whatdoestheunderlined“ave

rt”meaninparagraph4?A．Prevent.B．Increase.C．Cause.D．Face.11．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Extrar

easonsforbirdextinction.B．Possiblesolutionstohabitatloss.C．Substantialchangesinhumanbehavior.D．Theprospectofbiodiversityloss.【

答案】8．D9．D10．A11．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了今年5月发表在《环境与资源年度评论》杂志上的一篇对半个世纪鸟类种群研究的综述称，在全球范围内，失去的鸟类物种远远多于增加的鸟类物种。这篇题为《世界鸟类状况》的综述显示，超

过5200种不同的鸟类——略少于世界鸟类总数的一半——已知或怀疑正在减少。文章主要对鸟类保护展开了说明。8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“AmongbirdsontheIUCNRedListofThreatenedSpecies,almost400birdsw

orldwidehavehadtheirconservationstatuschangedfortheworseinthepastthreedecades(movingfromvulnerabletothreatened,orthreatenedtoendange

red)—fivetimesmorethanthenumberofbirdspecieswithanIUCNstatusthathaschangedforthebetter.(在世界自然保护联盟濒危物种

红色名录上的鸟类中，全球有近400种鸟类的保护状况在过去30年里发生了恶化（从易危到受威胁，或从受威胁到濒危）——这是国际自然保护联盟保护状况好转的鸟类数量的5倍多)”可知，世界自然保护联盟红色名录上的濒危物种是按保护状况排列的。故选D。9．

细节理解题。根据第三段““Afterdocumentingthelossofnearly3billionbirdsinNorthAmericaalone(accordingtoa2019studypublishedinthejournalScience),i

twasdisturbingtoseethesamepatternsofpopulationdeclinesandextinctionoccurringglobally,”saysreviewcoauthorKenRosenberg,aconservationsc

ientistnowretiredfromtheCormellLabofOmithology.(“根据2019年发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，仅在记录了北美地区近30亿只鸟类的损失后，看到同样的数量下降和灭绝模式在全球发生，令人不安”该综述的合著者、现已从科梅尔鸟类

学实验室退休的保护科学家肯·罗森伯格说)”可知，肯·罗森伯格说这句话感到担忧。故选D。10．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Inanoteofhope,theauthorscitea2020studyindicatingthatrestoringjust5%ofhabitat

inpriorityareasaroundtheworldcould”以及后文“60%oflikelyextinctions”可知，在一份充满希望的报告中，作者引用了2020年的一项研究，该研究表明，只要

恢复世界各地重点地区5%的栖息地，就可以阻止60%的可能灭绝。故画线词意思是“阻止”。故选A。11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“LeadauthorAlexanderLees,aresearchassociateatt

heCormellLab,alsopointstotheneedforsubstantialchangesinhumanbehaviortopreventfurtherlosses.“Lossanddegradationofhabitatisoftendri

venbydemandforresources,”saysLees.“Weneedtobetterconsiderhowcommodityflowssuchasbeef,oil,andseedcropscancontribute

tobiodiversitylossandtrytoreducethehumanfootprintonthenaturalworld.”(该研究的主要作者、科梅尔实验室的助理研究员亚历山大·李斯还指出，为了防止进一步的损失，人类行为需要发生实质性的改变。“栖息地的丧失和退化往往是由

对资源的需求引起的，”李斯说。“我们需要更好地考虑牛肉、石油和种子作物等商品流动是如何导致生物多样性丧失的，并努力减少人类对自然界的足迹。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是栖息地丧失的可能解决办法。故选B。Whydosomemensettledowntoformfamilieswiththemot

hersoftheirchildren,andothersdon’t?Biologyplaysarole.WorkpublishedbyLeeGettleroftheUniversityofNotreDame,inIndiana,clarifieshowtestosterone,thepr

incipalmalehormone(荷尔蒙),operates.Previousstudiessuggestthathighlevelsoftestosteronearebadforfamilylife.Fatherswi

thlowertestosteronelevelsprovidemorechildcarewhilehigh-testosteronemalesarelesslikelytostickaround.DrGettlerhasshownsomethingfu

rther.Thisisthataman’sadulttestosteronelevelseemscorrelatedwithwhetherhisfatherwaspresentduringhisteenageyear

s.HisdatacomefromasurveybeguninthePhilippinesin1983.Thismonitoredthehealthandnutritionof966menenrolled

asbabies.Italsocollectedextensiveinformationonwhetherthefathersofthesemenwerearoundandprovidingparentalcareinthehouseholds.Itfurtherdocumentedwhethe

rparticipantsgotmarried,hadchildrenandwhethertheyparticipatedinchildcare.Crucially,italsomeasuredtheirte

stosteronelevelsattheagesof21,26and30.Overall,DrGettlerandhiscolleaguesfoundthatonbecomingfathers,menhadlowertestosteronelevelsiftheirow

nfathershadbeeninvolvedintheircareduringtheirteenageyears.Ithastwopossibleexplanations.Oneisthatitisdirectlygenetic(基因的).Theotheristhatteenag

eexperienceactuallymodulates(调节)testosteronelevels.Thisexplanation,whichDrGettlerfavors,couldleadtohigh-testosteronemenabandoningt

heirsons,whothusbecomehigh-testosteroneintheirturn.Healsofoundsomeofthoseinthesurveywhosefatherswereabsentduringtheiradolescence,andwhoended

upwithhighlevelsofthehormone,didbecomecaringfathers.Whythispatternshouldexistisanunansweredquestion.Butazoologistlookingatthesedata

mighttakeitasanexampleofdevelopmentalplasticity(可塑性),inwhichthesamegenesproducedifferent,butappropriate,outcomesindifferentcircumstance

s.DrGettler’sdiscoverythrowsausefullightontheproblemoffatherlessfamilies,andhowtotrytoendit.12．WhatisGettler’sstudyma

inlyabout?A．Familylife.B．Fathers’roles.C．Adulttestosterone.D．Childcare.13．WhatcanbelearntaboutDrGettler’sstudy?A．Itwas

conductedamongbabies.B．Thefindingisfarfromsatisfactory.C．Thedatausedwererelativelyreliable.D．Itmonitoredthenutritionofparticipan

ts.14．Whyisthezoologistmentionedinthepassage?A．Tosuggestafollow-upstudy.B．TocontradictGettler’sideas.C．

Topointoutthestudylimitations.D．Togiveapossibleexplanation.15．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．LikeFather,LikeSon?

B．CaringFather,HappySon?C．GoodFather,GoodSonD．LoveMe,LoveMySon【答案】12．C13．C14．D15．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述印第安

纳州圣母大学的李·盖特勒（LeeGettler）发表的研究阐明了一个男人的成年睾酮水平似乎与他父亲在青少年时期是否在场有关。12．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Whydosomemensettledowntoformfamilieswiththemothersoftheirc

hildren,andothersdon’t?Biologyplaysarole.WorkpublishedbyLeeGettleroftheUniversityofNotreDame,inIndiana,clarifieshowtestosterone,theprin

cipalmalehormone(荷尔蒙),operates.(为什么有些男人会安顿下来与孩子的母亲组建家庭，而其他人却没有？生物学起了作用。印第安纳州圣母大学的李·盖特勒发表的研究阐明了男性主要荷尔蒙睾酮是如何运作的)”以及第二段“DrGettlerhasshownsomethingfu

rther.Thisisthataman’sadulttestosteronelevelseemscorrelatedwithwhetherhisfatherwaspresentduringhisteenageyears.(Gettler博士展示了更进一步的东西。这意味

着，一个男人的成年睾酮水平似乎与他父亲在青少年时期是否在场有关)”可知，Gettler主要研究的是成年睾酮水平。故选C项。13．推理判断题。由文章第三段“HisdatacomefromasurveybeguninthePhilippinesi

n1983.Thismonitoredthehealthandnutritionof966menenrolledasbabies.Italsocollectedextensiveinformationonwhethe

rthefathersofthesemenwerearoundandprovidingparentalcareinthehouseholds.Itfurtherdocumentedwhetherparticipantsgotmarried,hadchildrenandwhetherthey

participatedinchildcare.Crucially,italsomeasuredtheirtestosteronelevelsattheagesof21,26and30.(他的数据来自于1983年在菲律宾开始的一项调查。这项调查监测了966名婴儿期男性的健康和营养状况。

它还收集了关于这些男子的父亲是否在身边以及在家庭中提供父母照顾的广泛信息。它进一步记录了参与者是否结婚、生子以及是否参与儿童保育。至关重要的是，它还测量了他们在21岁、26岁和30岁时的睾酮水平)”可知

，Gettler研究所用的数据是相对可靠的。故选C项。14．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Whythispatternshouldexistisanunansweredquestion.Butazoologistlo

okingatthesedatamighttakeitasanexampleofdevelopmentalplasticity(可塑性),inwhichthesamegenesproducedifferent,butap

propriate,outcomesindifferentcircumstances.(为什么这种模式应该存在是一个尚未回答的问题。但一位研究这些数据的动物学家可能会将其作为发育可塑性的一个例子，其中相同的基因在不同的情况下产生不同但合适的结果)”可知，作者提

到动物学家是为了给前面的问题提供一种解释。故选D项。15．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“DrGettlerhasshownsomethingfurther.Thisisthataman’sadulttestosteronelevelseemscorrelated

withwhetherhisfatherwaspresentduringhisteenageyears.(Gettler博士展示了更进一步的东西。这意味着，一个男人的成年睾酮水平似乎与他父亲在青少年时期是否在场有关)”和第四段“Overall,DrGettlerandhiscolle

aguesfoundthatonbecomingfathers,menhadlowertestosteronelevelsiftheirownfathershadbeeninvolvedintheircareduringtheirteenageyears

.(总的来说，盖特勒博士和他的同事发现，当父亲时，如果自己的父亲在青少年时期参与了他们的照顾，男性的睾酮水平会更低)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲父亲睾酮水平和儿子的睾酮水平的关系。由此可知，A项LikeFathe

r,LikeSon?(有其父必有其子？)适合作本文标题。故选A项。阅读理解【浙江省湖州、丽水、衢州三地市2022-2023学年高三上学期11月教学质量测试】BACKTOSCHOOLBOOKGUIDEGoingbacktoschoolcaninvolv

elotsofnewthings,includinguniforms,topics,teachers,andfriends.Sowhynottrysomenewbooksaswellandmaybefindyournewfavouriteauthortoo.Whetheryouwa

nttolearnaboutprotectingwildlife,discoversomeamazingweatherfacts,ordiveintoanaction-packedspymission,thisbacktoschoolbookguidehassomethingforyo

u.Clickheretogetadiscount.WhiletheStormRagesbyPhilEarleApage-turningadventuretomakeyoulaughandcry.Noahandhisfriend

sfighttosaveanimalsfrombeingputdownattheoutbreakofWWII.Anexcitingwartimenovelthatpacksanemotionalpunchfromthebe

stsellingauthorofWhentheSkyFalls.Grimwood:LettheFurFly!Written&illustratedbyNadiaShireenAfunnyandsillynewGrimwoodadventure!Foxcubsib

lingsTedandNancylovetheirnewlifeinGrimwood.ButthecruelmayorofTwinklenutsisonamissiontotakeitoverandkickeveryoneo

ut.CanGrimwood’streebonkingskillssavethehometheylove?Amust-readforDogManandDavidWalliamsfans.AliceEclair,SpyExtraordinaire!

bySarahToddTaylorBakerbyday,spybynight—AliceEclairleadsanexcitingdoublelife!AmysteriousmessagesendsAliceonamissiona

boardFrance’smostfascinatingtrain.Shemustuncoveranenemyagentwhilebakingdesserts,armedonlywithherwhisk,wits,andwilltosucceed.

Weather,Camera,ActionbyLiamDuttonDiscoverhurricanes,duststorms,volcaniclighteningandmore,allthroughthec

ameralensofTVweatherpresenterandworld-famousmeteorologist(气象学家)LiamDutton.Thisadventurethroughtheatmosph

ereshowsoffthesplendorofourskiesintheirwildestandmostdramaticstatesanduncoversthesciencebehindweatherevents.21．Whichofthebooksmightinter

estanimalprotectorsmost?A．WhiletheStormRages.B．Grimwood:LettheFurFly!C．AliceEclair,SpyExtraordinaire!D．Weather,Camera,Action.22．Whatmightbeinclude

dinthebookWeather,Camera,Action?A．Howtheatmospherewasformed.B．Whattheskylookslikeinstorms.C．Howtobeafamousm

eteorologist.D．Whattopresentinaweatherforecast.23．Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Awebsite.B．Abrochure.C．Amagazine.D．Aguidebook.【答案】21．A

22．B23．A【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了四本不同的书籍。21．推理判断题。根据“WhiletheStormRages”下的详细介绍的第二句“Noahandhisfriendsfighttosaveanimalsfrombeingputdownattheoutbre

akofWWII.(Noah和他的朋友们在二战爆发时为拯救动物而战。)”可知这本书讲述了保护动物的故事，所以这本书可能是动物保护者最感兴趣的书。故选A。22．推理判断题。根据“Weather,Camera,Action”详细介绍

中的第二句“Discoverhurricanes,duststorms,volcaniclighteningandmore,allthroughthecameralensofTVweatherpresenterandworld-famousmeteorologi

st(气象学家)LiamDutton.Thisadventurethroughtheatmosphereshowsoffthesplendorofourskiesintheirwildestandmostdramaticstatesanduncoversthesciencebehindwe

atherevents.(通过电视天气节目主持人、世界著名气象学家LiamDutton的镜头，探索飓风、沙尘暴、火山闪电等。这次穿越大气层的冒险展示了我们的天空在它们最狂野和最戏剧性的状态下的壮丽，并揭示了天气事件背后的科学。)”可知

这本书展现了各种天气状态下的天空，并揭示了各种天气事件后的科学，所以B选项“Whattheskylookslikeinstorms.(暴风雨中的天空是什么样子的。)”在书中可能会看到。故选B。23．推理判断题。根

据第一段的最后一句“Clickheretogetadiscount.(点击这里获得折扣。)”可知这篇文章来自网站。故选A。Bornonherfamily’sfarminRay,NorthDakota,MaryShe

rmanMorganhadbeenhelpingherfatherwithfarmworkbeforeshecouldattendthesmall-townschoolhouse.Beingafewyearsbehinddidn’tholdherbackandshegraduate

dfromhighschoolwithhonors.Awareofherintelligence,sheranawayfromRaytoattendMinotStateUniversityasachemistrymajor,wherehersk

illwasevident.TheoutbreakofWorldWarIIresultedinanationalshortageofchemistsandscientists.Inspiteofthefactthatshewasstill

astudentandawoman,shewasofferedajobasachemicalanalystduetohertalents,producingexplosives(爆炸物)forthewartimee

ffort.SheputherdegreeonholdandmovedtoOhio,takingonthedangerousjobofanalyzingunstablechemicalstoproduceweapons.Afterthewarendedtherewa

safallindemandforexplosives,soshemadeamovetothefieldofaeronautics,movingtoCaliforniatoworkforNAA(NorthAmericanAviation).Theonlywoma

noutof900engineers,shewassoonpromotedtoarolewhichinvolvedcalculatingtheperformanceofrocketpropellants(推进剂)anddesigningspecialityfu

elstoworkwithdifferentengines.However,neverhavingreturnedtocompleteherdegree,shewasnotaffordedtherankorhigherpayofanengineer,eventhoughshehadallthe

skillsandknowledgeofone.HerexperiencewithpropellantsmeantthatwhenNAAwastaskedtofindafuelcapableofliftingt

heredesignedRedstonemissilesintospace,Moganwasappointedtechnicalleadontheproject.Nationalpridewasontheline,soMorgansetaboutinvestigatingfuels.After

countlesstrails,shefinallydesignedherownmixture,whichwasnamedHydyne.HydynetestedwellwiththeRedstonemissilesandsubsequentlyotheraircraft(飞行器),s

uchasJupiter-Crockets,provingtobeaquicksolutiontogettingtospacewithoutatotalrocketredesign.ThefuelmadethefirstsuccessfulUSsatelli

telaunchpossible,evenifMorgansilentlyslippedawayfromhersuccess,retiringtofocusonherfamilyandleavingherchemistrycareerbehind.

24．WhatdoweknowaboutMary?A．Sheattendedschoolwhilehelpingwithfarmwork.B．Shewasofferedajobasachemistryanalystaftergr

aduation.C．Sheshiftedherworkingfocusasthedomesticdemandchanged.D．ShelaunchedthefirstUSsatellitebeforeretiringfromhercareer.25．Whatdoe

stheunderlinedword“aeronautics”probablymean?A．Analyzingchemicals.B．Producingexplosives.C．Mixingandsavingfuels.D．Designingandbuildingaircraft.26．What

madeMarythetechnicalleadontheprojectofNAA?A．HerdiscoveryofHydyne.B．Herrankasanengineer.C．Herspecialknowled

geinfuels.D．Hersenseofnationalpride.27．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMaryShermanMorgan?A．Caringanddetermined.B．

Courageousandcreative.C．Intelligentbutsensitive.D．Accomplishedbutproud.【答案】24．C25．D26．C27．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章介绍

了科学家MaryShermanMorgan的生平以及她所做出的贡献。24．推理判断题。根据第二段“TheoutbreakofWorldWarIIresultedinanationalshortageofchemistsandscientists.Inspiteofthefac

tthatshewasstillastudentandawoman,shewasofferedajobasachemicalanalystduetohertalents,producingexplosives(爆炸物)forthewartimeeffort.Sheputher

degreeonholdandmovedtoOhio,takingonthedangerousjobofanalyzingunstablechemicalstoproduceweapons.(第二次世界大战的爆发导致全国化学家和科学家短缺。尽管她

仍然是一名学生而且是一名女性，但由于她的才能，她获得了一份化学分析师工作，为战时生产炸药。她暂时搁置了学位，搬到了俄亥俄州，从事分析不稳定化学物质以生产武器的危险工作。”以及第四段的第一、二句“Here

xperiencewithpropellantsmeantthatwhenNAAwastaskedtofindafuelcapableofliftingtheredesignedRedstonemissilesintospace,Mogan

wasappointedtechnicalleadontheproject.Nationalpridewasontheline,soMorgansetaboutinvestigatingfuels.(她在推进剂方面的经验意味着，当NAA的任务是找到一种能够将

重新设计的Redstone导弹送入太空的燃料时，莫根被任命为该项目的技术负责人。民族自豪感岌岌可危，于是摩根着手研究燃料。)”可知Mary工作重心是随着国内需求的变化而转移。故选C。25．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Afterthewarendedtherewasafallind

emandforexplosives,soshemadeamovetothefieldofaeronautics,movingtoCaliforniatoworkforNAA(NorthAmericanAviation).

Theonlywomanoutof900engineers,shewassoonpromotedtoarolewhichinvolvedcalculatingtheperformanceofrocketpropel

lants(推进剂)anddesigningspecialityfuelstoworkwithdifferentengines.(战争结束后，对炸药的需求下降了，所以她转到aeronautics领域，到加利福尼亚为北美航空公司工作。作为900名工程师中唯一的女性，

她很快被提升到一个涉及计算火箭推进剂性能和设计用于不同引擎的特殊燃料的职位。)”以及最后一段第一句“HydynetestedwellwiththeRedstonemissilesandsubsequentlyotheraircraf

t(飞行器),suchasJupiter-Crockets,provingtobeaquicksolutiontogettingtospacewithoutatotalrocketredesign.(Hydyne在Redstone导弹和随后的其他飞行器上测试良好，如

Jupiter-C火箭，证明是一个快速进入太空的解决方案，而无需全面重新设计火箭。)”可知MaryShermanMorgan进入的是航空航天领域，所以D选项“Designingandbuildingaircraft(设计和制造航天器)”符合词义。故选D。2

6．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Theonlywomanoutof900engineers,shewassoonpromotedtoarolewhichinvolvedcalculatingtheperformanceofrocketp

ropellants(推进剂)anddesigningspecialityfuelstoworkwithdifferentengines.(作为900名工程师中唯一的女性，她很快被提升到一个涉及计算火箭推进剂性能

和设计用于不同引擎的特殊燃料的职位。)”和第四段第一句“HerexperiencewithpropellantsmeantthatwhenNAAwastaskedtofindafuelcapableofliftingther

edesignedRedstonemissilesintospace,Moganwasappointedtechnicalleadontheproject.(她在推进剂方面的经验意味着，当NAA的任务是找到一种能够将重新设计的

Redstone导弹送入太空的燃料时，莫根被任命为该项目的技术负责人。)”可知是在燃料方面的专业知识让Mary成为NAA项目的技术负责人。故选C。27．推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句“Sheputherdegreeonholdandmove

dtoOhio,takingonthedangerousjobofanalyzingunstablechemicalstoproduceweapons.(她暂时搁置了学位，搬到了俄亥俄州，从事分析不稳定化学物质以生产武器的危险工作。)”和第四段的最后一句“Aftercountles

strails,shefinallydesignedherownmixture,whichwasnamedHydyne.(经过无数次的尝试，她终于设计了自己的混合物，并命名为Hydyne。)”可知Mary勇敢且具有创造性。故选B

。Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans,afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoun

dinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.Thisdiscoveryhaschangedwhatweknowofhumanhistory.Theskull,whichscientistshav

enamed“MrsPles”,isfromanape-likehumanrelativefromaspeciescalledAustralopithecusafricanus(南方古猿).ItwasfoundnearJohannesbu

rgin1947and,basedonevidencefromitssurroundings,wasthoughttobebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsold.Thispuzzledscientists,becau

sealthoughMrsPleslookslikeapossibleearlyancestorofearlyhumans,thefirsttruehumanshadalreadyevolvedbythetimesheapparently

lived.Forthisreason,scientistshaddecidedthatAustralopithecusafarensis,asimilarspeciesfromEastAfricathatlivedabout3.5millionyearsago,wasourmostlikel

yancestorinstead.TogetamoreaccurateageforMrsPles,ateamledbyProfessorDarrylGrangerofPurdueUniversityinIndiana,US,usedanewmetho

dtodatethesandyrockswheretheskulllay.Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks,whichformatasteadyratewhentheyareexposedtocosmicrays(宇宙射线)on

Earth’ssurface.Oncerocksareburied,thesechemicalsstopformingandslowlydisappear;thesurvivingamountrevealshowmuchtimehaspassedsincetherock(

orbones)wereonthesurface.ThenewstudyshowsthatMrsPlesandotheraustralopithecinebonesnearbyarebetween3.4and3.7millionyearsold.Thismeanstheylivedatthes

ametimeastheirEastAfricanrelatives,sothateithergroupcouldhavegivenrisetomodernhumans.However,teammemberDrLaur

entBruxellespointedoutthatovermillionsofyears,atonly2,500milesaway,thesegroupshadplentyoftimetotravelandtobreedwitheachother.Inoth

erwords,thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet,hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhumans.28．WhatcanwelearnaboutMrsPlesfromthefirs

ttwoparagraphs?A．ItisaskullfoundinEastAfrica.B．Itisthemostpossibleancestorofhumans.C．Itisamillionyearsolderthanscientistsexpecte

d.D．Itisprovedtolivebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsago.29．Howdidscientistsgettheaccurateageof“MrsPles”?A．Bystudyingth

eeffectofcosmicrays.B．Bycalculatingtheformingrateofchemicals.C．Bylocatingthesandyrockswheretheskulllay.D．Bymeasuringthesurvivi

ngamountofchemicals.30．Whatcanweinferfromthenewstudy?A．ModernhumanscameintobeinginEastAfrica.B．MrsPlestravelledand

hadchildrenwithEastAfricanrelatives.C．Thehistoryofmodernhumansmightbegin3.5millionyearsago.D．Ape-likespeciesfromAfricacould

haveinteractedwitheachother.31．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．HistoricalPuzzleUnsolvedB．Ancest

orMysterySolvedC．MrsPles:TheEarliestHumanBeingD．MrsPles:AFamousSkull【答案】28．C29．D30．D31．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲

的是科学家们解开了一个关于现代人的谜题，研究表明，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨比专家们认为的要早100万年。这一发现改变了我们对人类历史的认识。28．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhuman

s,afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.(科学家们解开了一个关于现代人的谜题，研究表明

，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨比专家们认为的要早100万年)”和第二段的“Theskull,whichscientistshavenamed“MrsPles”(这个被科学家命名为“Ples夫人”的头骨)”可知，“Ples夫人”比科学家预期的要早100万年。故选

C。29．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks,whichformatasteadyratewhentheyareexposedtocosmicrayson

Earth’ssurface.(他们测量了岩石中某些化学物质的含量，当它们暴露在地球表面的宇宙射线中时，这些化学物质会以稳定的速度形成)”可知，科学家通过测量化学物质的含量来得到“Ples夫人”的准确年龄。故选D。30．推理判断

题。根据最后一段的“Inotherwords,thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet,hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmoder

nhumans.(换句话说，这两个群体很容易相遇，一起生儿育女，都是现代人类历史的一部分)”可知，我们能从这项新研究中推断出来自非洲的类人猿物种可能相互交流。故选D。31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedap

uzzleaboutmodernhumans,afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.(科学家们解开

了一个关于现代人的谜题，研究表明，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨比专家们认为的要早100万年)”可知，本文主要讲的是科学家们解开了一个关于现代人的谜题，研究表明，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨比专家们认为的要早100万年，因此最好的题目是B

选项“AncestorMysterySolved(祖先之谜已解)”。故选B。Haveyoueverwalkedthroughadoorandthoughttoyourself,“WhatwasIgoingtodo?”Ifyo

uhave,youarenotalone.Psychologistsbelievethatwalkingthroughadoorandenteringanotherroomcreatesa“mentalblock”inthebrain.Thisisgenerallyreferr

edtoasthedoorwayeffect.Intheearlyyearsofbrainresearch,scientiststhoughtthathumanmemorywaslikeacloset,withmanysectionsinwhichwecouldstorelittlebo

xesofexperiencesfromourlives.Boxeswouldremainthereforever,andwheneverwehadtolookintothem,wecouldjustgotothatparticularsectionand

findthatboxofmemory.Beautifulasthisdescriptionofhumanmemoryformationsounds,itisnottrue.Ourbrainismuchmorecom

plexthanthat.Psychologicalstudiessuggestthatourmemoriesareepisodic(情节性的)ingeneral.Ifyouthinkbackonanything,you’llprobablyquickly

realizeourmemoriesdon’tfunctionasclearnarratives.Instead,they’remoreepisodicanddividedintoparts.Anewresearch

ledbypsychologistOliverBaumannfromBondUniversityinAustraliasuggeststhatit’snotsomuchthedoorwaysthatcauseamemorywip

e,asmovingfromonelocationtoasignificantlydifferentone—it’stheabruptchangeofscenethatpreparesourmindsforsomethingnew.“Agoodexampleismovingaroundinadep

artmentstore,”saysBaumann,“Takingtheelevatorbetweenfloorsmayhavenoeffectonourmemory,butmovingfromthestoretotheparkinglotmight

causeustoforgetsomethingthatweneedtobuy.”Baumannalsopointsoutthatabusyandperhapsoverloadedbraindoesseemtoplaysomepartinthispheno

menon.Inotherwords,walkingthroughopendoorsisthoughttoresetmemorytomakeroomforanewepisode.Thegoodnewsisthatexperiencingsuchforgettableepisodesaf

terenteringanotherroomdoesnottellyouanythingaboutyourmemoryandintelligence.Sowhenyouenteraroomandsuddenlyforgetwhyyouarethere,yoush

ouldnotthinkthatAlzheimer’sdiseaseiscreepinguponyou!32．Whichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybe“doorwayeffect”?A．Youmissedacal

landforgottoringback.B．Youreadabookandforgetwhatitisabout.C．Youenteredtheofficeandforgotwhattoget.D．Yousawamanyea

rsagoandforgetwhoheisnow.33．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Allmemoriesarelinkedinthebrain.B．Memoriesareclearlyseparatedinthebrain.C．Notallth

ememoriescanbefoundinthebrain.D．Memoriesarestoredinparticularsectionsofthebrain.34．WhatcanweinferfromBaumann’sresearch?A．Takinganelevatorstimu

latesnewmemory.B．Walkingthroughopendoorsresultsinmemoryloss.C．Asuddenchangeofthesceneboostsintelligencedevelopment.D．Anoverloaded

brainincreasesthepossibilityofdoorwayeffect.35．Whatdoestheauthorthinkof“doorwayeffect”?A．Insignificant.B．Beneficial.C．

Influential.D．Damaging.【答案】32．C33．C34．D35．A【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了门口效应（doorwayeffect）以及其产生的原因。32．细节理解题。根据第一段“Haveyoueverwalkedthroughado

orandthoughttoyourself,‘WhatwasIgoingtodo?’Ifyouhave,youarenotalone.Psychologistsbelievethatwalkingth

roughadoorandenteringanotherroomcreatesa‘mentalblock’inthebrain.Thisisgenerallyreferredtoasthedoorwayeffect.(你有没有穿过一扇门，

心中在想：‘我是要去干什么？’如果你有，你并不孤单。心理学家认为，穿过一扇门进入另一个房间会在大脑中造成‘精神障碍’。这通常被称为门口效应)”可知，进入一个房间忘记自己要做的事情被称作门口效应。故选C。33．推理判断题。根据第二段“Intheearlyyearsofbrainre

search,scientiststhoughtthathumanmemorywaslikeacloset,withmanysectionsinwhichwecouldstorelittleboxesofexperiencesfromourlives.Box

eswouldremainthereforever,andwheneverwehadtolookintothem,wecouldjustgotothatparticularsectionandfindthatboxofmemory.(在早期的大脑研究中，科学

家们认为人类的记忆就像一个壁橱，有很多区域，我们可以在其中存储我们生活中的经历。盒子会永远留在那里，每当我们需要查看它们的时候，我们就可以去那个特定的区域，找到那个记忆盒子)”以及第三段中的“Beautifu

lasthisdescriptionofhumanmemoryformationsounds,itisnottrue.Ourbrainismuchmorecomplexthanthat.Psychological

studiessuggestthatourmemoriesareepisodic(情节性的)ingeneral.Ifyouthinkbackonanything,you’llprobablyquicklyrealizeou

rmemoriesdon’tfunctionasclearnarratives.Instead,they’remoreepisodicanddividedintoparts.(这个关于人类记忆形成的描述听起来很美，但它是不真实的。我们的大脑比这复杂的多。心理

学研究表明，我们的记忆通常是情节性的。如果你回想什么事情，你可能很快就会意识到我们的记忆并不是清晰的叙事。相反，它们更有情节性，被分成了多个部分)”可知，并不是所有的记忆都是可以在大脑中找到的。故选C。34．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Baumannalsopo

intsoutthatabusyandperhapsoverloadedbraindoesseemtoplaysomepartinthisphenomenon.(Baumann还指出，一个忙碌且可能超负荷的大脑似乎确实在这种现象中发挥了一些作用)”可知

，超负荷的大脑会增加门口效应的可能性。故选D。35．推理判断题，根据最后一段“Thegoodnewsisthatexperiencingsuchforgettableepisodesafterenterin

ganotherroomdoesnottellyouanythingaboutyourmemoryandintelligence.Sowhenyouenteraroomandsuddenlyforge

twhyyouarethere,youshouldnotthinkthatAlzheimer’sdiseaseiscreepinguponyou!(好消息是，在进入另一个房间后经历这种遗忘的插曲不会告诉你任何关于你的记忆力和智力的事情。

所以，当你走进一个房间，突然忘记了自己为什么在那里时，你不应该认为阿尔茨海默病正在悄悄靠近你！)”可知出现门口效应并不表示记忆力或智力出现问题，没有什么影响。故选A。阅读理解【浙江省杭州市2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量检测（一模）】FourWaysYourC

atTriestoCommunicatewithYouCatsareamazingcreatures,andwhiletheycan’ttalktous,theycertainlyknowhowtocom

municatetheirneedsandfeelings.It’sjustuptoustolearnhowtolistentowhattheyaresaying.MeowingCatsmeowattheirowne

rsforseveralreasons,including:toaskforfood,togreetpeople,toaskforattention,toletyouknowtheywanttogooutside/comeinside.Inaddition,

elderlycatssufferingfromcognitivedisfunction,similartoAlzheimer’sDisease(阿尔兹海默症)inhumans,maymeowduetobec

omingconfusedordisoriented,soweencourageyoutoscheduleanappointmentwithusifyourseniorcatseemsconfusedori

smeowingmorethanusual.PurringWhilecatsdopurrasasignofcontentment,theyalsodoitasaself-comfortingmechanismwhensick,stres

sedorinjured.Ifyourcatispurringbutalsoshowingsignsthatsomethingmaybewrong,likehidingmorethanusualorrefusingfood/water,theyco

uldbesickorinpain.TailPostureIftheyholdtheirtailstraightupandhaverelaxedfur,they’relikelytofeelhappyorcurious.Butifthei

rfurstandsonendwhiletheirtailisstraight,thisindicatesfearoranger.Holdingthetailloworhiddenbetweenthelegsindicatesinsecurit

y,andatailthat’srapidlytwitchingbackandforthsuggestsanxiety.RubbingWhenyourcatrubsagainstyourlegsorgivesyo

uheadbutts,theyaretellingyouthattheyloveyou.Thatisnottheonlythingtheyaredoing,though!Catsrubtheirbodiesandcheek

sagainstpeopleandobjectstomarktheirterritoryandtoclaimhumans,othercats,andvariousobjectsastheirown.1．Whencatsaresi

ckorinpain,whataretheylikelytodo?A．Meowattheirowners.B．Rubagainstyourlegs.C．Purrandrefusefood.D．Holdthe

irtailstraightup.2．Whatmayacatshowwhenithidesitstailbetweenlegs?A．Insecurity.B．Depression.C．Curiosity.D．Happiness.3．Whoprovidesthistex

tmostprobably?A．Acatsitter.B．Acatowner.C．Ananimalshelter.D．Apethealthcarecentre.【答案】1．C2．A3．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要

讲述了和宠物猫咪交流的四种方式。1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ifyourcatispurringbutalsoshowingsignsthatsomethingmaybewrong,likehidingmorethanusualorrefusingfood/water,

theycouldbesickorinpain.”（如果你的猫咪正在咕噜咕噜地叫，但同时也表现出可能出了问题的迹象，比如比平时藏得更多或者拒绝食物/水，它们可能生病了或者很痛苦。）可知，猫咪生病或很痛苦的时候，它们会咕噜咕噜叫或者拒

绝食物。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Holdingthetailloworhiddenbetweenthelegsindicatesinsecurity,andatailthat’srapidlytwitchingba

ckandforthsuggestsanxiety.”（把尾巴放低或藏在两腿之间表示不安全感，尾巴快速来回抽动表示焦虑。）可知，当猫咪把尾巴藏在两腿之间，表示它们感觉到了不安全感。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据文章标题“FourWaysYourCatTriestoC

ommunicatewithYou”（你的猫试图和你交流的四种方式）及第一段“Catsareamazingcreatures,andwhiletheycan’ttalktous,theycertainlyknowhowtocommunicatetheirneedsandf

eelings.It’sjustuptoustolearnhowtolistentowhattheyaresaying.”（猫是神奇的生物，虽然它们不能和我们说话，但它们当然知道如何交流它们的需求和感受。只有我们才能学会如何倾听它们所说的话。）可知，

本文主要讲述了和宠物猫咪交流的四种方式，而了解猫咪的生活特点的只有宠物保健中心的工作人员熟悉，因而文章可能是宠物保健中心的人提供的。故选D。AtSt.FrancisHighSchoolinLaCanada,Calif.,there’ssomethingtobes

aidaboutmathteacherJimConnor.Truthis,Connorcanbeabitofadrudge.Butthe70-year-oldVietnamvetsayshe’snotheretoentertainhisstudents.“Itdrivesm

ecrazywhenpeoplesayschoolshouldbefun,”hesays.“Imean,it’sniceifitcouldbe,butyoucan’tmakeschoolfun.”Andforyears,thekidsthoughtthat

’salltherewastohim—untillastNovember,whenseniorPatMcGoldricklearnedtheydidn’tknowthehalfofhim.Patwasinchargeofastudentblooddrivean

dhadjustcometoChildren’sHospitalLosAngelesforameeting.Andhesaysitwasweird:wheneverhetoldsomeonehewenttoSt.FrancisHighSchool,theyallsaid,“Oh,youm

ustknowJimConnor.Isn’thewonderful?”“Itwasdisbelief,really,”Patsays.“Itwasalmostkindoffindingthisalterego(另一面)thathehas.”Insidetheblooddonorc

enter,Patfoundaplaquelistingallthetopblooddonorsatthehospital,includingtherecordholder,JimConnor.Thenhelearnedsomethingevenmoreun

believable:thatwheneverConnorisn’ttorturingkidswithcalculus(微积分),he’sonawholeothertangent-cuddlingsickbabies.Threedaysaweekforthepast20years,Ji

mhasvolunteeredatthehospital,steppinginbecomeinvolvedinanactivitywhenparentscan’t,tohold,feedandcomforttheirchildren.“Theytendtoc

almforhim,”NurseErinsays.“Theytendtorelaxwithhim.Theyfallasleepwithhim.”“Ijustlikethemandrelatetothemsomehow,”Connorsays.Con

norhasneverbeenmarried;hehasnokidsofhisown.Buthehasfallenhardforthesebabies.“I’vealwaysrespectedhim,butno

wit’stoanevendifferentdegree—reallytothepointwhereItrytoemulatehim,”Patsays.“He’stheepitomeofamanofservice.”4．Whatdowelearnfro

mparagraph2?A．Schoolcanneverbefun.B．Connorishighlydemanding.C．Connor’sstudentsdrivehimcrazy.D．Connorthinks

educationisforall.5．WhatdidPatfindoutaboutMrConnor?A．MrConnordonatedbloodaswellashistime.B．MrConnorwasawardedforhislovetow

ardbabies.C．MrConnorusedtoheaverystrictteacher.D．MrConnorhadauniqueteachingphilosophy.6．Whichofthefollowingist

rueaboutMr.Connor?A．Heworkstwoshiftseverydayforaliving.B．Hehashisalteregointheeyesofhisstudentsallthetime.C．H

ehastheabilitytoconnectwiththosekidsheholds.D．Hefallshardforthosesickkidssohedecidednottohavehisown.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthet

ext?A．BondingwithbabiesinneedofloveB．AreallessonislifethroughlearningcalculusC．EverybodykeepssomethingunderhishatD．Toughteacherha

sasoftheart【答案】4．B5．A6．C7．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了加州拉加拿的圣弗朗西斯高中数学老师吉姆·康纳的故事。4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Butthe70-year-oldVietnamve

tsayshe’snotheretoentertainhisstudents.“Itdrivesmecrazywhenpeoplesayschoolshouldbefun,”hesays.“Imean,it’sniceifitcouldbe,butyoucan’tmakeschoolfun.”(

但这位70岁的越战老兵说，他来这里不是为了娱乐学生。“当人们说学校应该是有趣的时候，我都快疯了，”他说。“我的意思是，如果可以的话当然很好，但你不能让学校变得有趣。”)”可知，康纳对学生要求很高。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“I

nsidetheblooddonorcenter,Patfoundaplaquelistingallthetopblooddonorsatthehospital,includingtherecordh

older,JimConnor.Thenhelearnedsomethingevenmoreunbelievable:thatwheneverConnorisn’ttorturingkidswithcalculus(微积分),he’so

nawholeothertangent-cuddlingsickbabies.Threedaysaweekforthepast20years,Jimhasvolunteeredatthehospital,steppinginbecomeinvolve

dinanactivitywhenparentscan’t,tohold,feedandcomforttheirchildren.(在献血中心里，帕特发现一块牌子，上面列出了医院里所有的顶级献血者，包括记录保持者吉姆·康纳。然后，他发现

了更难以置信的事情：只要康纳不用微积分折磨孩子，他就会去拥抱生病的婴儿。在过去的20年里，吉姆每周有3天在医院做志愿者，在父母不能做的时候参与到一项活动中来，抱着，喂着，安慰着他们的孩子)”可知，康纳先生不仅捐了血，还捐了时间。故

选A。6．细节理解题。根据第六段““Theytendtocalmforhim,”NurseErinsays.“Theytendtorelaxwithhim.Theyfallasleepwithhim.”(“他们往往会因为他而平静下来，”艾琳

护士说。“他们往往和他在一起很放松。他们和他一起入睡。”)”可推知，康纳先生有能力和那些被他抱着的孩子们交流。故选C。7．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Butthe70-year-oldVietnamvetsayshe’snotheretoentertainhisstudents.“Itd

rivesmecrazywhenpeoplesayschoolshouldbefun,”hesays.“Imean,it’sniceifitcouldbe,butyoucan’tmakeschoolfun.”(但这位70岁的越战老兵说，他来这里不是为了娱乐学生。“

当人们说学校应该是有趣的时候，我都快疯了，”他说。“我的意思是，如果可以的话当然很好，但你不能让学校变得有趣。”)”可知，康纳对学生要求很高，是一位严格的老师。根据第五、六段内容可知，康纳先生还很有爱心，而且有能力和那些被他抱着的孩子们交流，有一颗柔软的心

。由此可知，Toughteacherhasasoftheart(严厉的老师有一颗柔软的心)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。Yesterday,afteradayofZoom(视频会议软件)meetingsinmylivingro

om,Isteppedoutforawalkleavingmyteensonboredonthecouch.BleeckerStreet,usuallypackedwithpeople,wassprinkledwithonlytheoccasi

onalpedestrians.Barsandrestaurantsliningthestreetweredark.Storeswithbrightneonlights,doorsopen,beckonedfortherarepassers-byto

enter.AfterjustaweekoftheCovid-19pandemic,anafternoonwalkinGreenwichVillageneighborhoodfeltsurreal.Butthen

Inoticedarowofdaffodils(水仙)reachingforthesuninthesmalltriangle-shapedparkbyMinettaLane.Onthewindowsofalockedrestaurant,inbrightyellowpaint,wereth

ewords“Weloveyou,WestVillage.Takecareofeachother.”Myphonebuzzed—acolleaguesentapictureofhernewbornbabyjusthomefromthehospi

tal.Iarrivedhometofindmysonanimatedonthecouchplayingavideogamevirtuallywithhisfriends.Life,love,play,andhumanconnectionpersis

t,eventhoughourworldhasbeentunedupsidedown.InmywelcomenotetothenewstudentsintheFall,Iwrotethatthisyearisaboutourcollege’scor

evaluesofinclusion,innovation,andimpactandemphasizedthepowerofinterconnection.Today,thesecorevaluesp

ersist,withinterconnectiontakingonevengreatersignificance.Ourcollaborativespirithasalwaysgivenusanadvantage—academically,creat

ively,culturally,andnow,remotely.Awisepersononcetoldmethatgettingthroughacrisisislikebeinggivenanewhandofcardsinthemi

ddleofagame.Wearehalfwaythroughthesemester,withnewhandstoplay,butthegamehasn’tchanged.Wewillfindnewwaystocontinuetowork,teach,createandlearn.L

et’salsocontinuetheinformalinteractionsthatmakeusacommunity—thestudygroups,coffeedates,drop-insjustt

osayhello.Indoingso,wewillremainconnected.Wewillcometogether,fromspacesaroundtheworld,tomeetthisnewreality

.Thisiswhoweare.Nothing—notspace,nortime—cankeepusfrommovingforward,together.8．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagr

aph1?A．TheCovid-19pandemicisunstoppable.B．Theeffectsofthepandemiccouldbeeasilyfelt.C．Nothingisthesameexceptthatthebusinessgoesslowasusual.

D．Peoplehaveeveryreasontobeworriedaboutthefuture.9．Whatdoesthewriterincludeinparagraph2?A．Dailyroutinesthatseemedinsignificant.B．R

emindersthattheworldhasbeenchanged.C．Eventsthatpeoplecandoduringthepandemic.D．Thingsorpeoplethatcarrysymbo

licmeanings.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collaborative”meaninparagraph3?A．Cooperative.B．Pioneering.C．Independent.D．Advent

urous.11．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Toexpresswisdomgainedfrompreviousexperience.B．Togivepeoplesometipsonhowtoha

ndleacrisis.C．Todeliveranupliftingmessageoverthepandemic.D．Toencouragepeopletoenjoythegreatoutdoors.【答案】8．B9．D10．A11．C【导语】这是一篇记

叙文。文章主要讲述疫情发生后，人们的生活虽然发生了很多变化，但爱，连接沟通和人际关系都还在。作者写这篇文章的主要目的是为了在疫情期间传递令人振奋的信息8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Yesterday,afteradayofZoom(视频会议软件)meetingsinmylivi

ngroom,Isteppedoutforawalk.leavingmyteensonboredonthecouch.BleeckerStreet,usuallypackedwithpeople,wassprinkledwithonlytheoccasi

onalpedestrians.Barsandrestaurantsliningthestreetweredark.Storeswithbrightneonlights,doorsopen,beckonedfortherarepassers-bytoenter.Afterj

ustaweekoftheCovid-19pandemic,anafternoonwalkinGreenwichVillageneighborhoodfeltsurreal.(昨天，在客厅里开了一天的Zoom会议后，我出去散步。让我十几岁的儿子无聊地躺在沙

发上。布利克街通常挤满了人，但昨天只偶尔有行人。街道两旁的酒吧和餐馆都很黑。商店里灯火通明，门开着，招手让难得的路人进入。新冠疫情发生仅一周后，下午在格林威治村附近散步感觉很怪异。)”可知，新冠疫情发生后，街道上只有很少的行人，酒吧和餐馆停业，商店没有

顾客。通过这些描写，突显疫情的影响随处可见。故从第一段可推知疫情的影响很容易被感受到。故选B。9．主旨大意题。根据第二段“ButthenInoticedarowofdaffodils(水仙)reachingfort

hesuninthesmalltriangle-shapedparkbyMinettaLane.Onthewindowsofalockedrestaurant,inbrightyellowpaint,werethewords“Weloveyou,WestVillage.Takecareo

feachother.”Myphonebuzzed—acolleaguesentapictureofhernewbornbabyjusthomefromthehospital.Iarrivedhometofin

dmysonanimatedonthecouchplayingavideogamevirtuallywithhisfriends.Life,love,play,andhumanconnectionpersist,eventhoughourwor

ldhasbeentunedupsidedown.(但后来我注意到一排水仙在MinettaLane旁边的小三角形公园里面向太阳。在一家上锁的餐厅的窗户上，用明亮的黄色油漆写着“我们爱你，西村。互相照顾。“我的手机嗡嗡作响——一位同事发来了一张刚从医院回

家的新生儿的照片。我回到家，发现我的儿子实际上坐在沙发上和他的朋友玩电子游戏。生活、爱、游戏和人际关系仍然存在，尽管我们的世界已经颠倒了。)”可知，虽然疫情的发生导致餐馆关业，路上行人罕至，但是我们生活中重要的事物——生活、爱情、游戏和人际关系仍然存在。商店老板在牌子上写

的鼓励的话象征着关爱，同事在照顾新生儿象征着生活与家庭，儿子和朋友玩象征着人际关系和游戏，故推知第二段主要描写具有象征意义的人和事物。故选D。10．词句猜测题。根据第三段“InmywelcomenotetothenewstudentsintheFall

,Iwrotethatthisyearisaboutourcollege’scorevaluesofinclusion,innovation,andimpactandemphasizedthepowerofinterconnection.Today,these

corevaluespersist,withinterconnectiontakingonevengreatersignificance.(在我给秋季新生的欢迎信中，我写道：今年是关于我们学院包含的核心价值观，创新和影响，并强调了互联的力量。今天，这些核心价值观仍然存

在，互联互通具有更大的意义。)”及第四段“Wewillfindnewwaystocontinuetowork,teach,createandlearn.Let’salsocontinuetheinformalinteractionsthatmakeusacommunity—thestu

dygroups,coffeedates,drop-insjusttosayhello.Indoingso,wewillremainconnected.(我们将找到新的方法来继续工作，教学，创造和学习。让我们也继续非正式的互动，使我们成为一个团体——学习小组、咖啡约会、只是为

了打个招呼的临时到访。通过这样做，我们将保持联系。)”可知，这两段强调疫情期间学院与学生互相连接，团结协作的关系。故推知collaborative与Cooperative意义一致，表示“合作的，协作的”，故选A。11．推理判断题。根据第一段“Yesterday,afteradayofZoom(

视频会议软件)meetingsinmylivingroom,Isteppedoutforawalk.leavingmyteensonboredonthecouch.BleeckerStreet,usuallypackedwithpeople,wassprinkledwithonly

theoccasionalpedestrians.Barsandrestaurantsliningthestreetweredark.Storeswithbrightneonlights,doorsopen,beckonedfortherarepasser

s-bytoenter.AfterjustaweekoftheCovid-19pandemic,anafternoonwalkinGreenwichVillageneighborhoodfeltsurreal.(

昨天，在客厅里开了一天的Zoom会议后，我出去散步。让我十几岁的儿子无聊地躺在沙发上。布利克街通常挤满了人，但昨天只偶尔有行人。街道两旁的酒吧和餐馆都很黑。商店里灯火通明，门开着，招手让难得的路人进入。新冠疫情发生仅一周后，下午在格林威治村附近散步感觉很怪异。)”及最

后一段“Wewillcometogether,fromspacesaroundtheworld,tomeetthisnewreality.Thisiswhoweare.Nothing—notspace,nortime—cankeepusfrommovi

ngforward,together.(我们将从世界各地的空间聚集在一起，迎接这一新的现实。这就是我们。没有什么——不是空间，也不是时间——可以阻止我们一起前进。)”可知，疫情让餐馆闭店，街道上人迹罕至，但疫情无

法阻止我们前进的脚步。故推知作者写这篇文章的主要目的是为了在疫情期间传递令人振奋的信息，故选C。Formostofourhistory,humanshavebeenshort,astudyhasfound.Untilaround150yearsago,few

peoplegrewtallerthan170centimetres.ChristianeSchefflerattheUniversityofPotsdamandMichaelHermanusseninAltenhofhavesp

entseveralyearsstudyingtheheightofpeoplefromawiderangeofpopulations.Intheirlatestpaper,theycombinedanexistingdatao

fmorethan6000prehistorichumanskeletonswithmultiplestudiesofmorerecenthistoricalpopulationsfromEuropeandtheUS.Theyalsoincluded

theirowndataon1666present-dayschoolchildrenfromIndonesia.Intheprehistoricpopulations,themaximumheightformenwas165to170c

entimetres,whilewomentoppedoutat160cm.Today,meninEnglandhaveanaverageheightofaround175cm,whileforwomenitis

about162cm.Butthereissignificantvariationbetweenmoderncountries.TheIndonesianschoolchildreninthestudywereshorterthansim

ilarlyagedchildrenfromtheUS,despitebeingwell-nourished.SchefflerandHermanussenarguethatheightcanbeasignalofdominance(显赫地位),soinsocieties

whereitispossibletomoveupthroughthesocialclasses,evolutionfavoursindividualswhoreachagreaterheight.SubramanianatHarvardUniversityisn’tco

nvincedbythepair’sinterpretation.Histeampreviouslyshowedthatthebestpredictorofachild’sheightistheheightofth

eirparents.Thissuggeststhattheinfluenceofotherfactors,suchassocialmobility,islimited.Afterassessingnearl

y163,000childrenlivingin55lowandmiddle-incomecountries,Subramanian’steamfoundthat42.9percenthadpoornutritionbut’no‘signofstunting(阻碍

发育)orotherphysicalindicatorsofthisfact.Thisimpliesthereisalotofhiddenmalnutritionthatdoesn’trevealitselfthroughstu

nting.Aperson’snutritionalconditionshouldbeassessedbylookingattheirdietnottheirheight,saysSubramanian.12．HowdidSchefflerandHermanussenconducttheres

earch?A．Studyingtheskeletonsofprehistorichuman.B．Combiningexistingdatawithrecentresearch.C．Assessingchildrenlivinginvariousincomea

reas.D．Analyzingtheresultsofotherscientists’researches.13．What’sSubramanian’sattitudetowardstheexplanationofSchefflerandHermanussen?A．Wor

ried.B．Cautious.C．Doubtful.D．Supportive.14．WhatcanweinferfromSubramanian’sstudy?A．Poornutritiondelaysphysicaldevelopme

nt.B．Abalanceddietcontributestogrowingtaller.C．Highsocialclassescanreachagreaterheight.D．Ahuman’sheighthaslittletod

owithnutrition.15．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thesignificancethatliesinnutrition.B．Thefactorsthatinfluenc

ehuman’sheight.C．Theimportancethathumansattachtoheight.D．Thereasonswhyprehistorichumanswereshort.【答案】12．B13．C14．D15．B【导语】这还是一篇

说明文。文章主要研究影响人类身高的因素。12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Intheirlatestpaper,theycombinedanexistingdataofmorethan6000prehistorichu

manskeletonswithmultiplestudiesofmorerecenthistoricalpopulationsfromEuropeandtheUS.(在他们最新的论文中，他们将6000多个史前人类骨骼的现有数据与来自欧洲和美国的最新历史人口

的多项研究相结合。)”可知，Scheffler和Hermanussen通过将现有数据与最新研究相结合的方法进行研究。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据第六段“SubramanianatHarvardUniversityisn’

tconvincedbythepair’sinterpretation.(哈佛大学的Subramanian并不相信这对两个人的解释。)”可知，Subramanian不相信Scheffler和Hermanussen的解释，持怀疑的态度。故选C

。14．推理判断题。根据第七段“Afterassessingnearly163,000childrenlivingin55lowandmiddle-incomecountries,Subramanian’steamfoundthat42.9per

centhadpoornutritionbut’no‘signofstunting(阻碍发育)orotherphysicalindicatorsofthisfact.(在评估了生活在55个低收入和中等收入国家的近163000名儿童后

，Subramanian的研究小组发现，42.9%的儿童营养不良，但没有阻碍发育或影响其他身体指标的迹象。)”可知，Subramanian的研究发现营养不良没有阻碍发育或影响其他身体指标的迹象。故推知人的身高和营养关系不大，故选D。15

．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Formostofourhistory,humanshavebeenshort,astudyhasfound.Untilaround150yearsago,fewpeoplegrewtallert

han170centimetres.(一项研究发现，在我们历史的大部分时间里，人类都是矮的。直到大约150年前，很少有人长到170厘米以上。)”及第六段“Histeampreviouslyshowedthatthebestpredictorofachild’sheightistheheighto

ftheirparents.Thissuggeststhattheinfluenceofotherfactors,suchassocialmobility,islimited.(他的团队此前表明，孩子身高的最佳预测指标是父母的

身高。这表明社会流动性等其他因素的影响是有限的。)”可知，文章主要研究影响人类身高的因素，故选B。阅读理解【浙江省嘉兴市2022-2023学年高三上学期9月基础测试】BookCoverArtContestDoyouhaveapassionforpain

ting?Areyouwildaboutwatercolor?Areyouaphotographerwholovestorecordmomentsintheclickofabutton?Thenthisisyourchancetoseeyourworkd

isplayedonthecoverofabook!TeenInkisseekingoutateentocreatecoverartforTeensTalk:AreYouListening?ByteenauthorMariaProulx!Wri

ttenbyateenforteens,thebookdiscussesmattersrelevantinateen’slife.TeenInkisinterestedinallmediumsandthesky’sthelimit!Deadline:No

vember15,2022Guidelines:●Format:6×9,300dpi.●TeenInkwillonlyconsiderphotosandartworkbyteens.●Thebestimagesforthebookcoverareclear,closeupandhi

ghresolution.●Artworkmustbewellphotographed(noflash)andsubmitted.●Thereisnolimittothenumberofimagesyo

ucansubmit!●Becreative;don’tbetooliteralinyourinterpretationoftheauthor’spoint.●Considerthethemeofthebook;Pleasedownloa

danoutlineofthebookhere.Submissions:●Submitentriesthroughthislink.AllphotographsandartworksubmittedtoTeenInkarea

utomaticallyconsideredforthecoverartcontest.Seeoursubmissionguidelinesformoreinformation.●Tomakesureyourartworkisincludedinthecontest,include“Teen

sTalkContest”inthefirstpartofyourartwork’stitle(e.g.,TeensTalkContest:DigitalAddiction).1．Whatdoesthebook“TeensTa

lk:AreYouListening?”concern?A．Issuesrelatedtoteenagelife.B．Skillsatdesigningabookcover.C．Teenagers’commentsonartwork.D．Va

riousmediumsofcommunication.2．Whichofthefollowingentriesmaybeconsidered?A．Aphototakenbyamiddle-agedperson.B．Aphotosubmittedjustonedayafterthe

duedate.C．Apaintingphotographedwithflashfromadistance.D．Apaintingwithcreativeideasandbasedonthetheme.3．Whereisthistextprobablyt

akenfrom?A．Abookreview.B．Anofficialwebsite.C．Atrainingbrochure.D．Anadvertisingposter.【答案】1．A2．D3．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文文。文章主要介

绍了书籍封面艺术大赛的相关情况。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“ByteenauthorMariaProulx!Writtenbyateenforteens,thebookdiscussesmattersrelevantinateen’slife.(这本书是由一个青少年写给青少年们的，讨论

了青少年生活中的相关问题。)”可知，《青少年谈话：你在听吗?》关注的是与青少年生活有关的问题。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据Guidelines:中的“●TeenInkwillonlyconsiderphotosandartworkbyteens.(TeenInk只考虑青少年的照片和艺术品。

)”、“●Becreative;don’tbetooliteralinyourinterpretationoftheauthor’spoint.(●有创造力；在解释作者的观点时，不要太逐字逐句。)”和“●Considerthethemeofthebook;Pleasedownloadanou

tlineofthebookhere.(●考虑书的主题；请在这里下载这本书的大纲。)”可知，一幅以主题为基础的有创意的画可以参选。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据Guidelines:中的“●Considerth

ethemeofthebook;Pleasedownloadanoutlineofthebookhere.(●考虑书的主题；请在这里下载这本书的大纲。)”和Submissions:中的“Seeoursubmissio

nguidelinesformoreinformation.(更多信息请参见我们的提交指南。)”可推断，这段文字可能来自官方网站。故选B。Whenevermynine-year-olddaughterapproachedme,eyeswide,withanote

bookandapen,tellingmeshewantedtoengageinagameofschool,somethinginsidemefroze.TherewasamentalblocksohugethatitfeltlikeIwasbeingaskedbyElonMusktoma

keapresentationaboutartificialintelligence.So,ninetimesoutoften,Imadeanexcuse.Whyisitsohardtoplaywithmychild

?IrealizethisisbecauseIhavenoideahowtoplay.Ihavemanyhappymemoriesofmyyouth,butabsolutelynoneinvolvesplayingdollsorbuildingblockswithmyparents.Id

on’tblamethembecausetheywereneverplayedwithaschildreneither.WhenIaskthemwhattheirownchildhoodswerelike,mydadtellsmeastoryaboutbeinglockedinacupbo

ard,whilemymumrecallstheboxofbuttonsshewastoldtoamuseherselfwith.Therearestudiesshowinghowimportantplay

isforachild’sgrowth,andnoendofpeoplecampaigningforouryoungtogetmoreofitatschool.ThepoetMichaelRosen,inhisBookofPlay,arguesplayisnotanextraandal

lofus,whateverage,coulddowithmoresillinessinourlives.AsRosenexplains,“Theneedforadultstobeproductivemember’sofsocietymeansweendupthi

nkingofthingsthatmakeuslaugh,orwhicharefuntodo,asnotbeingverysignificantorhavingverylittlevalue.”Thisisexactlywhyw

eneedtoplaymore.Itlightenstheloadoflifeandallowsustogetbacktoachildlikestateofwonder.Playisvitaltohealt

h.AnditiswhyI’vestartedplayingschoolgameswithmydaughter.Imanagedanentirehourandahalftheotherday—andafterw

ards,Ifelthappy.Agood20yearsyounger.4．Howdidtheauthorusetorespondtoherdaughter’srequestforagame?A．Shepretendedtobesurprised.B．Sheapolo

gizedforbeingbusy.C．Shechosetoavoidinvolvement.D．Sheturnedtoartificialintelligence.5．Whatdoestheauthorfocusonwhilegiving

anexplanationinparagraph2?A．Thegamecategory.B．Memorystrategies.C．Thegenerationgap.D．Childhoodexperiences.6．WhichofthefollowingwouldRosen

probablyagreewith?A．Laughteristhebestmedicine.B．Playisnotonlyintendedforchildren.C．Thinkinglikeakidfreespeople

ofstress.D．Stayingcuriousmakesaproductiveworker.7．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext?A．Childrengrowupwellinafunenvironment.B．Familyin

teractionstrengthenstheparent-childtie.C．Parentsoweittotheirchildrentoplaymorewiththem.D．Gamesareessentialforchildrenbothatsch

oolandathome.【答案】4．C5．D6．B7．C【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章指出玩耍对健康至关重要，父母应该多和自己的孩子玩耍。4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“TherewasamentalblocksohugethatitfeltlikeIwas

beingaskedbyElonMusktomakeapresentationaboutartificialintelligence.So,ninetimesoutoften,Imadeanexcuse.(有一个巨大的精神障碍，让我感觉像是被

ElonMusk邀请做一个关于人工智能的演讲。所以，十有八九，我找了个借口)”可知，当作者的女儿要求玩游戏时，她选择了避免参与。故选C。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ihavemanyhappymemoriesofmyyouth,butabsolutelynonei

nvolvesplayingdollsorbuildingblockswithmyparents.Idon’tblamethembecausetheywereneverplayedwithaschildreneither.When

Iaskthemwhattheirownchildhoodswerelike,mydadtellsmeastoryaboutbeinglockedinacupboard,whilemymumrecallstheboxofbuttonsshewastold

toamuseherselfwith.(我的童年有很多快乐的回忆，但绝对没有一个是和父母一起玩洋娃娃或搭积木的。我不怪他们，因为他们小时候也没被玩过。当我问他们自己的童年是什么样子时，我爸爸给我讲了一个被锁在橱柜里的故事，而我妈妈则回忆起别人告诉她用来娱乐的一盒纽扣)可知，作者在第

二段中解释时重点关注的是童年经历。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“ThepoetMichaelRosen,inhisBookofPlay,arguesplayisnotanextraandallofus,whateverage,coulddowithmoresi

llinessinourlives.(诗人MichaelRosen在他的《玩耍之书》(BookofPlay)中指出，玩耍并不是多余的，我们所有人，无论年龄多大，都可以在生活中多做些蠢事)”可推知，Rosen可能同意游戏不仅仅是为儿童设计的。故选B。7．推理判断题。根据第三段中的

“Therearestudiesshowinghowimportantplayisforachild’sgrowth,andnoendofpeoplecampaigningforouryoungtogetmoreofitatsch

ool.(有研究表明玩耍对孩子的成长是多么重要，人们不断地呼吁我们的孩子在学校里得到更多的玩耍)”及最后一段中的“Playisvitaltohealth.AnditiswhyI’vestartedplayingschoolgameswithmydaughter.(玩耍对健康

至关重要。这就是为什么我开始和我女儿一起玩学校里的游戏)”可推知，作者想在文中表达的意思是父母应该多和孩子玩，这是为了他们的孩子。故选C。Asanewmotherin2016,TashGorstwasscrolling(翻阅

)throughherphonewhenshefelldowntherabbitholeofreadingaboutplasticpollution.Fast-forwardto2019andshehadopenedGa

ther,anorganiczero-wasteshop.CustomerscometoGathertorefilltheirowncontainerswitheverythingfromricetobeautyproducts.Andit’snotonlythepro

ducethatissustainable—theshopispoweredbyrenewableenergyandfinancedbyamoresustainablebank,whilealltheunitsinsidehavebeenmadef

romwastematerials,mostlybyGorstherself.Zero-wasteshopshavebecomeanincreasinglycommonfeatureonthestreetsinrecentyears.Wheretheyhav

egone,supermarketsnowlooksettofollow,withMorrisons,Marks&SpencerandWaitroseallrecentlyagreeingtoaddrefillstationsinshopsbytheendofthisyear.Meanw

hile,Asdahasintroducedrefillaisles(过道)tomoreofitssupermarketsfollowingsuccessfultrials.Assmallstartupbusinessesaimingtomakeresponsiblede

cisionswithoutcuttingethical(道德上的)corners,refillshopstendtobemoreexpensivethansupermarketsandchains.Gorstacknowledgesth

atnoteveryonecanaffordtobuyfromthem.“Butifyoucan,youshould.You’llfeelgoodaboutthesmalldecisionthatyou’vemadeincontributingtoyo

urlocaleconomyanddoingsomethingthat’sbetterfortheplanet,”shesays.Emily,DrabbleisaregularGathercustomer.Shebuyseverythingthatwould“nor

mallybeencasedinplastic”,fromcleaningproductstofoodlikepasta,whichsheputsintoglasscontainers.“WhenIgethome,Iloveunpac

kingmyshopping,throwingnothinginthebin,”Drabblesays.Andcustomersatrefillshopsgetmorethanjustphysicalgoods,notesGorst.Besidesemployingfourl

ocalpeople,Gather,forexample,holdsfreeevents,includingamonthlybookclubforreadingaboutsustainability,workshopsfo

rkidsandsoon.“Ialsoseeitasaplacetobringpeopletogether,”shesays.8．WhydoestheauthormentionGorst’srandomreadinginparagraph1?A．Tosharea

parentingexperience.B．Toofferbackgroundinformation.C．Toattachimportancetomotivation.D．Toshowadvantage

sofdigitalreading.9．WhichofthefollowingisasignificantfeatureofGather?A．Itisruninanecologicallyfriendlyway.B．Itsellssustaina

blegoodsatbargainprices.C．Itisonlyfavoredbycustomerswithagreenconcept.D．Itdiffersfromsupermarketsinlow-carbonawareness.10．WhatisDrabble’sat

titudetowardsrefillshops?A．Amused.B．Critical.C．Objective.D．Enthusiastic.11．Whatdoestheexampleinthelastparagraphimply?A．Peoplemayregardref

illshopsasfitnessclubs.B．Refillshopsoughttosharesomesocialresponsibilities.C．Peoplecanbenefitmorefromrefillshopsthanexpected.D．Refil

lshopsneedtoholdvariouseventstopromotesales.【答案】8．B9．A10．D11．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一名新妈妈TashGorst在翻阅手机时阅读到了关于塑料污染的内容时发现了一个“新世界”。到2019年，她开设了Gathe

r，一家有机零废物商店，并取得很好的社会效应。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Asanewmotherin2016,TashGorstwasscrolling(翻阅)throughherphonewhenshefelldowntherabbitholeofrea

dingaboutplasticpollution.Fast-forwardto2019andshehadopenedGather,anorganiczero-wasteshop.(2016年，TashGorst作为一名新妈妈，在翻阅手机时阅读到了关于塑料污染的内

容时发现了一个“新世界”。快进到2019年，她开设了Gather，一家有机零废物商店)”及下文对TashGorst的介绍可推知，作者在第一段中提到Gorst的随机阅读，以提供背景信息。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“An

dit’snotonlytheproducethatissustainable—theshopispoweredbyrenewableenergyandfinancedbyamoresustainablebank,whilealltheunitsinsidehavebeenmade

fromwastematerials,mostlybyGorstherself.(不仅仅农产品是可持续发展的——这家商店的能源是可再生能源，由一家更可持续发展的银行提供资金，而店内所有的部件都是由废料制成的，其中大部分是由Gors

t自己制作的)”可知，Gather以生态友好的方式运行是它的一个重要特征。故选A。10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Emily,DrabbleisaregularGathercustomer.Shebuyseveryth

ingthatwould“normallybeencasedinplastic”,fromcleaningproductstofoodlikepasta,whichsheputsintoglasscontainers.(Em

ily,Drabble是聚乐会的常客。她购买所有“通常用塑料包装”的东西，从清洁产品到意大利面等食物，她把它们放进玻璃容器中)”可推知，Drabble对补货店的态度是热情的。故选D。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Andcustomersatre

fillshopsgetmorethanjustphysicalgoods,notesGorst.Besidesemployingfourlocalpeople,Gather,forexample,holdsfreeevents,includingamonthlybookclubfo

rreadingaboutsustainability,workshopsforkidsandsoon.“Ialsoseeitasaplacetobringpeopletogether,”shesays.(Gorst指出，在补货商店的顾客得

到的不仅仅是实物。例如，除了雇用四名当地人外，Gather还举办免费活动，包括一个阅读可持续发展书籍的月度读书俱乐部、儿童研讨会等等。“我还认为这是一个让人们聚在一起的地方，”她说)”可推知，最后一段中的例子表明，人们可以从补货商店中获得比预期更多的好处。故选C。Somepengu

ins(企鹅)adapttheircallstobecomemoresimilartotheirpartnersovertime,anabilitythatwaspreviouslyknowninonlyafewspecies,including

humans.LuigiBaciadonnaattheUniversityofTurin,Italy,andhiscoworkersrecordedAfricanpenguinsfromthreedifferentcolonie

s(群体)overthreeyears,andalsoobservedthebehavioralpatternsofoneofthecoloniestoseewhichpenguinswerepartnersorfriendly.Theythenana

lyzedspecificvocal(声音的)calls,whichthepenguinsmadewhentheywerealoneortryingtokeeptrackoftheirfriends.They

comparedfourdistinctvocalsignaturessuchasthefrequencyofthecalls.Thesignaturesbecamemoresimilarovertimefo

rpenguinsthatwerepartnersorinthesamecolony,andforpenguinsthatheardmoreofeachother’scalls.Thisadaptationcouldmakeiteasierforpengu

instofindtheirpartnersandfriendsinacolony.“Imaginethatyouareinapub,youarewithyourfriendsandyourenvironmentisquitenoi

sy,”saysBaciadonna.“Whatyoudoistrytotalkinacertainwaysothatyourcommunicationismoreeffective.”Theabilitytoadaptcallsin

responsetotheenvironment,knownasvocalaccommodation,isakeypartofvocallearning,amorecomplexsetofskillssuchasproducingnewsoundsthroughlearn

ing.Identifyingwhichspeciesdisplayvocalaccommodationcouldprovidecluesforhowvocallearningdeveloped.Bacia

donnaandhisteamalsoproposethatthisaccommodationcouldhelpwithgroupharmonyandsocialbondsbetweenindividualpenguins.Thedistanceofpenguinsfromhu

mansontheevolutionarytreesuggeststhatvocalaccommodationcouldbecommontomanyspecies,butalotmoredataneedsgatheringfirst

.“Therecouldbeahugevarietyofdifferentspeciesthatareabletoadapttheircallsslightly,butwedon’tknowthatyet,”saysSaraTorresOrtizattheMaxPlanck

InstituteforOrnithologyinMunich,Germany.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“signatures”meaninparagraph3?A．Effects.B．Characteristics.C．Sources

.D．Adjustments.13．WhatistheintentionofthequotesfromBaciadonnainparagraph4?A．Toexplainthereasonwhypenguinsadapttheircalls.B．Tohighlighttherolec

ommunicationplaysinsociallife.C．Toprovehumans’abilitytorecognizeeachother’svoices.D．Tostressthedifferencebe

tweenhumanandanimalsounds.14．WhatremainstobeexploredaccordingtoSaraTorresOrtiz?A．Whetherpenguinscanpr

omotegroupharmony.B．Whetherallspeciescanadapttotheenvironment.C．Whethermorespeciesdisplayvocalaccommodation.D．Whetherpenguinsandhumansa

resimilarinvocallearning.15．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Vocallearninginvolvesacomplexsetofskills.B．V

ocalaccommodationhelpsbuildupsocialbonds.C．Penguinsproducesimilarsoundsevenindifferentcolonies.D．Peng

uinsadapttheiraccentstosoundmoreliketheirfriends.【答案】12．B13．A14．C15．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着时间的推移，一些企鹅会调整它们的叫声，使之与

它们的伴侣更加相似，这种能力以前只在包括人类在内的少数物种中被发现。新的研究发现声音上的适应有助于建立社会关系。12．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“becamemoresimilarovertimeforpengu

insthatwerepartnersorinthesamecolony,andforpenguinsthatheardmoreofeachother’scalls(随着时间的推移，伴侣企鹅或同一群体的企鹅，以及听到更多彼此叫声的企鹅变得越来越相似)”可推

知，此处伴侣企鹅或同一群体的企鹅的声音特征变得越来越相似。由此推知，划线词signatures与Characteristics(特征，特色)意思接近。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据第四段中的““Imaginethatyoua

reinapub,youarewithyourfriendsandyourenvironmentisquitenoisy,”saysBaciadonna.“Whatyoudoistrytotalkinacertainwaysothatyourcommunicationismoreef

fective.”(“想象一下，你在一家酒吧里，和朋友在一起，周围的环境非常嘈杂，”Baciadonna说。“你要做的就是试着用一种特定的方式说话，这样你的沟通就会更有效。”)”可推知，第四段引用Baciadonna的话的目的是

为了解释为什么企鹅会改变它们的叫声。故选A。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Therecouldbeahugevarietyofdifferentspeciesthatareabletoadapttheircal

lsslightly,butwedon’tknowthatyet,”saysSaraTorresOrtizattheMaxPlanckInstituteforOrnithologyinMunich,Germany.(“可能有很多不同的物种能够轻微地适应它们的叫声，但我们还不知道这一点，”德国

慕尼黑马克斯·普朗克鸟类研究所的SaraTorresOrtiz说)”可推知，根据SaraTorresOrtiz的说法，是否有更多的物种表现出声音适应性还有待探索。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Somepenguins(企鹅)adapttheircal

lstobecomemoresimilartotheirpartnersovertime,anabilitythatwaspreviouslyknowninonlyafewspecies,includinghuma

ns.(随着时间的推移，一些企鹅会调整它们的叫声，使之与它们的伴侣更加相似，这种能力以前只在包括人类在内的少数物种中被发现)”及倒数第二段中的“Baciadonnaandhisteamalsoproposethatthisaccommodationcouldhelpw

ithgroupharmonyandsocialbondsbetweenindividualpenguins.(Baciadonna和他的团队还提出，这种适应可以帮助企鹅群体和谐和个体之间的社会联系)”可知，本文通过对企鹅改变声音的研究，表明了声音上的适应有助于建

立社会关系。故选B。阅读理解【浙江省十校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考】ThedazzlingbeautyofabandonedcinemasOldandhistoricalcinemasareallaroundu

sandyetsounnoticed.Anewphotobookunveilstheiroftenoverlookedbeauty.Loew’sPalaceTheatre,Bridgeport,ConnecticutOr

iginallyopenedasthePoli’sPalaceTheatrein1922byarchitectThomasW.LambasoneofadoubletheatrecomplexalongwiththeadjacentPoli’sMaje

sticTheatre.In1934,boththeatresweretakenoverbyLoew’sandoperatedasfilmtheatres.Inthelate1970s,anattempttoturnthebuildingintoaChristianRevivalC

entrenevercametofruition.Thetheatreispresentlyvacantandawaitingrestoration.MetropolitanOperaHouse,PhiladelphiaOriginallyfoun

dedasthePhiladelphiaOperaHousein1908,itwasdesignedbylocalarchitectWilliamH.McElfatrick,whopresidedoverthedesignof40theatresinhiscareer.T

hePhiladelphiaOperaHousewasdesignedforoperaimpresarioOscarHammersteinashisninthoperahouse.In1910,itwassoldtotheMetropo

litanOperaofNewYorkCityandwasrenamedtheMet.Throughthe1920s,itshowedsilentfilmsinadditiontohostingvariousopera

companies.Inthelate1930sitbecameaballroom,andinthe1940sasportsareaforbasketball,wrestling,andboxingevents.Itfinallyclosedin1954andwasturnedintoachur

ch.Robin’sTheatre,Warren,OhioOpenedin1923,ithad1,500seats,andwasdesignedbyarchitectsI.J.GoldstonandDetroit-basedC．HowardCrane.Itwasope

ratedbyTheRobinsTheatreEnterprisesCo.,alocalcompanyfoundedbyDanielRobins,whowasanearlypartnerofAlbertWarnerofWarnerBros.Itclosedin1974andwasva

cantuntil2018,whenitwasrenovatedandreopenedasamultipurposevenuein2020.1．Atpresent,whichcinemaareyoulikelytogotoforaconcer

t?A．Poli’sPalaceTheatre.B．Robin’sTheatre,Warren,Ohio.C．MetropolitanOperaHouse,Philadelphia.D．Loew’sPalaceTheatre,Bridgepo

rt,Connecticut.2．Whatdothethreecinemashaveincommon?A．Allofthemwererenamed.B．Allofthemarecurrentlyinuse.C．Allofthemhavebeenrestored.D．Allof

themhaveundergonesomechanges.3．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Anillustratedmagazine.B．Acampusposter.C．Atrav

elingbrochure.D．Aresearchpaper.【答案】1．B2．D3．A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三座剧院的历史和变化。1．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Itclosedin1974andwasvacantuntil2018,whenitwasreno

vatedandreopenedasamultipurposevenuein2020.(剧院于1974年关闭，一直空置到2018年，直到2020年重新装修，成为多功能剧院)”可知，现在，你可能会去Robin’sTheatre,Warren,

Ohio听音乐会。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In1934,boththeatresweretakenoverbyLoew’sandoperatedasfilmtheatres.Inthelate1970s,anattempttoturnthebuildingintoa

ChristianRevivalCentrenevercametofruition.(1934年，这两家剧院都被勒夫接管，作为电影院运营。在20世纪70年代末，人们试图将这座建筑改造成基督教复兴中心，但最终未能实现)”；第三段中“Throughthe1920s,itshowedsil

entfilmsinadditiontohostingvariousoperacompanies.Inthelate1930sitbecameaballroom,andinthe1940sasportsareaforbaske

tball,wrestling,andboxingevents.Itfinallyclosedin1954andwasturnedintoachurch.(整个20世纪20年代，除了招待各种歌剧公司外，它还放映默片。在20世纪30年代

后期，它变成了舞厅，在40年代成为了篮球、摔跤和拳击比赛的运动场地。它最终在1954年关闭，被改成了教堂)”；第四段“Openedin1923,ithad1,500seats,andwasdesignedbyarchitectsI.J.Goldsto

nandDetroit-basedC.HowardCrane.ItwasoperatedbyTheRobinsTheatreEnterprisesCo.,alocalcompanyfoundedbyDanielRobins,whow

asanearlypartnerofAlbertWarnerofWarnerBros.Itclosedin1974andwasvacantuntil2018,whenitwasrenovatedandreopenedasamultipurposevenuein2020.(它

于1923年开放，有1500个座位，由建筑师I.J.Goldston和底特律的C.HowardCrane设计。剧院由DanielRobins创办的当地公司罗宾斯剧院企业有限公司运营，罗宾斯是华纳兄弟公司阿尔伯特·华纳的早期合伙人。剧院于1974年关闭，一直空置到2018年，直到2

020年重新装修，成为多功能剧院)”可知，这三家电影院的共同点是它们都经历了一些变化。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Oldandhistoricalcinemasareallaroundusandyetsounnoticed.A

newphotobookunveilstheiroftenoverlookedbeauty.(我们周围到处都是古老的、历史悠久的电影院，但却鲜为人知。一本新的摄影集揭示了它们经常被忽视的美丽)”可推知，文章选自插图杂志。故选A。Thepipingploverisalreadyo

neofthemostendangeredbirdsintheGreatLakesareaofthenorthernUnitedStates.Now,therisingwaterlevelsofLakeMichiganfurtherthreatenthebirdsandthe

areaswheretheylive.PoolsofwaterareformingbehindseveralplovernestsalongSleepingBearDunesNationalLakesh

oreinthestateofMichigan.ThewatersofLakeMichiganarenowonlyafewmetersfromtheplovers’nestingarea.Theirhomecou

ldbeonestormawayfromdestruction.VinceCavalieriworkswiththeU.S.FishandWildlifeService.HetoldtheAPthatthehighwaterlevelsputplov

ersinmoredangerthanmostotherbirdgroups.Thatisbecausetheareaswheretheylivehavebeendisappearing.HeaddedthatsomenestsontheCanadiansideoftheG

reatLakesalsohavebeensweptaway.TheGreatLakesgenerallyrisewiththemeltingsnowandrainstormsofspring,andfallduringthe

drierSummermonths.However,somescientistsbelieveclimatechangeiscausingmorechangesinwaterlevels.Inarecentreport,researchersDrewGronewoldandRic

hardRoodsaid,“QuickchangesbetweenextremehighandlowwaterlevelsintheGreatLakesrepresentthe‘newnormal.’”Ifthatistrue,thepipingploverscouldbeatgreaterr

isk.Theirnumbersalreadyhavedroppedbecauseofshorelinedevelopment.Thefederalgovernmentliststhebirdsasthreatenedinthenor

thernGreatPlainsandalongtheAtlanticcoast.Recoveryprojectsarehelping,however.In2017,officialscounted76breedingpairsofplovers.Lastyea

r,theycounted67.Cavalieriofthefishandwildlifeserviceexpectstoseesimilarnumbersthisyear.Mostofthisyear’splo

vereggswillhatchbytheendofJune.4．Howdoestheauthordemonstratetheseverityofthepipingplover’slivingconditions?A．Bymakingcomparison.B．Byli

stingdetailedevidence.C．Bygivingexamples.D．Bymakingpredictions.5．Whyareploversmoreendangeredthanmostotherbirds?A．Theyaretoosensit

ivetoclimatechanges.B．Theirnestsarenotstrongenoughtostandastorm.C．Thefederalgovernmentthinkslittleofprotectingplo

vers.D．Theirhabitatsaregreatlydestroyedduetotherisingwaterlevels.6．Whatcouldputthepipingploverinagreaterdanger?A．Theirhomesaredisappearingrapid

ly.B．Theirnumbersaredecreasingdramatically.C．Theshorelinedevelopmentisswiftandunavoidable.D．Theextremechan

gesinwaterlevelswilloccurfrequently.7．WhatisVinceCavalieri’sattitudetowardsthefutureofthepipingplover?A．Suspicious.B．Concerned.C．Optimistic.D．

Objective.【答案】4．B5．D6．D7．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了thepipingplover已经是美国北部五大湖地区最濒危的鸟类之一，而密歇根湖水位的上升进一步威胁到鸟类和它们生活的地区。4．推理判断题。根据文章中的第二段“Poolsofwaterarefo

rmingbehindseveralplovernestsalongSleepingBearDunesNationalLakeshoreinthestateofMichigan.ThewatersofLakeMichiganarenowonlyafewmeter

sfromtheplovers’nestingarea.Theirhomecouldbeonestormawayfromdestruction.(密歇根州睡熊沙丘国家湖岸边的几只plover巢穴后面形成了水池。密歇根湖的水域现在离plover的巢穴只有几米远。一场风暴就能摧

毁他们的家园)”可知，作者通过列出详细的证据来证明thepipingplover生活条件的严峻性。故选B项。5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“VinceCavalieriworkswiththeU.S.FishandWildlifeService.HetoldtheA

Pthatthehighwaterlevelsputploversinmoredangerthanmostotherbirdgroups.Thatisbecausetheareaswheretheylivehavebeendisappearing.(VinceCavalieri就职于美国

鱼类和野生动物管理局。他告诉美联社，高水位使珩类比大多数其他鸟类更危险。这是因为他们居住的地区正在消失)”可知，鸻鸟比其他鸟类更濒临灭绝的原因是因为他们居住的地区正在消失。故选D项。6．细节理解题。根据第四段

中“Inarecentreport,researchersDrewGronewoldandRichardRoodsaid,“QuickchangesbetweenextremehighandlowwaterlevelsintheGreatLa

kesrepresentthe‘newnormal.’”(在最近的一份报告中，研究人员德鲁·格罗沃尔德和理查德·鲁德说:“五大湖水位在极高和极低之间的快速变化代表着‘新常态’。”)”以及第五段第一句中“Ifthatistrue,thepipingploverscouldbeatgreater

risk.(如果这是真的，管状珩可能面临更大的风险)”可知，水位的极端变化会频繁发生使管状珩鸟处于更大的危险中。故选D项。7．推理判读题。根据最后一段中的“Recoveryprojectsarehelpin

g,however.In2017,officialscounted76breedingpairsofplovers.Lastyear,theycounted67.Cavalieriofthefishand

wildlifeserviceexpectstoseesimilarnumbersthisyear.Mostofthisyear’splovereggswillhatchbytheendofJune.(然而，恢复项目正在发挥作用。

2017年，官方统计了76对繁殖的鸻。去年，这一数字为67。鱼类和野生动物管理局的Cavalieri预计今年会看到类似的数字。今年大部分的珩鸟蛋将在六月底孵化)”可知，Cavalieri认为今年会有鸻繁殖，这说明恢复项目正在发挥作用，由此可推知，Cavalieri对管状珩科

鸟的未来持乐观态度。故选C项。Lonelinessisbadforyourhealth.So,inthesedaysofCOVID-19,whenenforcedsolitude(独处)istheorderofthedayinmanyplaces,howtostopsolitud

eturningintolonelinessisapressingmedicalquestion.Onepartoftheansweristotrytounderstandthephysiology(生理)ofthe

change.StevenColeoftheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,beganhisworkwithJohnCacioppooftheUniversityofChi

cago.Theyaddressedthatquestionbyrepeatedlyobservingsocialisolationinindividualvolunteers,whilesimultaneouslytrackingfrombloodsamples,theirgene-exp

ressionpatternsandotherchangesintheirphysiology.Theyfoundthat,initially,volunteers’feelingsofisolationarer

elatedtoanincreaseintheirinflammationgenes(炎症基因)activitywhicharealsoknowntotravelintothebrainandpromoteanxiety.Theyalsonotedthatincreasedle

velsinthiskindofbrainactivityinturnimproveinflammationandcausebehaviorssuchassocialwithdrawal,feelings

ofsuspiciontowardstheoutsideworldandatendencytoactmoredefensivelybymakingdecisionsthatinvolvefewrisks.That,ofcourse,promotesfurtherfeelingsoflonelin

ess.Itseems,therefore,thatthoughlonelinessstartswithsolitude,itcanquicklytakeonaphysiologicallifeofitsown.Therefore,dealing

withthelonelinesscausedbyenforcedisolationwillnotbeasimplematterofallowingpeopletosocialiseonceagain.Insearchofthat,Dr.Colecarriedoutaseriesofexpe

rimentsthatencouragedlonelypeopletodirectsimpleactsofkindnesstowardstheirfellowcreatures:thingslikebuyinggroceri

esforanelderlyneighbourorhelpingacolleague.Thosedirectedtoshowkindnesshadpreciselytheoppositeinflammationgenesactivity

tothatpreviouslyseeninthelonelybyDr.Cole.Theyfoundthatinthecaseofloneliness,thesaying:beingmoreblessedtogivethanto

receiveistrue.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“thatquestion”inparagraph3referto?A．Whatphysicalchangeshappenduringsocialisolation?B．Howcanwegetrid

ofsolitudeandloneliness?C．Whatisthedifferencebetweensolitudeandloneliness?D．Whatarethesymptomsoflonelinesscausedbysolitude?9．Whyisitd

ifficultforpeopletoescapefromlonelinessaftertheendofCOVID-19?A．Theirphysiologicallifehastransformedtheirgenesandbehaviors.B．Theyhaveexperiencedvar

iousnegativeemotionswhenbeingalone.C．Theyarefacingaphysiologicalmatterratherthansimplyamentalstate.D．Theirsociallifehasbeengreatlychangedduetomo

nthsofsolitude.10．AccordingtoStevenCole,whichofthefollowingmayworktodealwithloneliness?A．Buyingfoodforthehomeless.B．Socialisingmorewithneighbors.C．Ex

ercisingmoretoreduceanxiety.D．Conductingexperimentsoninflammation.11．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A

．FrighteningLoneliness:IncreaseInflammation.B．SolitudeandItsConsequences:FightLoneliness.C．TheUnavoidableProblems:SolitudeandLoneliness.

D．AGround-breakingFinding:LonelinessCuredbyGiving.【答案】8．B9．C10．A11．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了孤独如何对人的健康有害，以及解决办法。8．词句猜测题。分析第三段中的“thatquestion”为代指，代指前文提到

的问题。所以根据第一段中“So,inthesedaysofCOVID-19,whenenforcedsolitudeistheorderofthedayinmanyplaces,howtostopsolitudeturningintoloneline

ssisapressingmedicalquestion.(因此，在COVID-19的这些日子里，强迫独处在许多地方成为了日常秩序，如何防止独处变成孤独是一个紧迫的医学问题)”以及第二段“Onepartofth

eansweristotrytounderstandthephysiologyofthechange.(解决这个问题的方法之一是尝试理解这种变化的生理机制)”可知，“thatquestion”指的是我们怎样才能摆脱孤独和寂寞。故选B项。9

．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Theyalsonotedthatincreasedlevelsinthiskindofbrainactivityinturnimproveinflammationandcausebehaviorssuchassocialwithdrawa

l,feelingsofsuspiciontowardstheoutsideworldandatendencytoactmoredefensivelybymakingdecisionsthatinvolvefewrisks.That,ofcourse,promotesfur

therfeelingsofloneliness.Itseems,therefore,thatthoughlonelinessstartswithsolitude,itcanquicklytakeonaphy

siologicallifeofitsown.(他们还注意到，这种大脑活动水平的增加反过来会改善炎症，并导致诸如社交退缩、对外界产生怀疑的感觉，以及倾向于通过做出很少涉及风险的决定来采取更防御性的行动。当然，这进一步促进了孤独感。因此，虽然孤独始于独处，但它可以很快形成自

己的生理生活)”可知，由独处引起的孤独，会很快形成自己的生理生活，所以新冠肺炎疫情结束后，人们独处了很长一段时间，他们面对的是生理问题，而不仅仅是精神状态，所以很难摆脱孤独。故选C项。10．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Insearchoft

hat,Dr.Colecarriedoutaseriesofexperimentsthatencouragedlonelypeopletodirectsimpleactsofkindnesstowardstheirfellowcr

eatures:thingslikebuyinggroceriesforanelderlyneighbourorhelpingacolleague.Thosedirectedtoshowkindnesshadpreciselytheoppositeinflamma

tiongenesactivitytothatpreviouslyseeninthelonelybyDr.Cole.(为了寻找这一点，科尔博士进行了一系列实验，鼓励孤独的人对他们的同伴做出简单的善举：比如为年长的邻居购买食品杂货或帮

助同事。那些表现友善的人的炎症基因活性与科尔博士之前在孤独的人身上看到的恰恰相反)”可知，根据史蒂文·科尔的说法，帮助他人，做出善举可以有效应对孤独。故选A项。11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Lonelinessisbadforyourhe

alth.So,inthesedaysofCOVID-19,whenenforcedsolitudeistheorderofthedayinmanyplaces,howtostopsolitudeturningintolonelinessisapressingmedicalquesti

on.(孤独对你的健康有害。因此，在COVID-19的这些日子里，强迫独处在许多地方成为了日常秩序，如何防止独处变成孤独是一个紧迫的医学问题)”可知，本文主要讲述的是如何防止独处变成孤独，然后作者讲述了独处变成孤

独的生理机制，以及如何战胜孤独，所以文章的最好的标题应该是B项“SolitudeandItsConsequences:FightLoneliness.(孤独及其影响：战胜孤独)”。故选B项。DowningStreetwillreceive

aspecialdeliveryfrompostmastersthisafternoon,thecountry’sbiggesteverpetition(请愿书)inmoderntimes,Fourmillionpeoplehavebackedacampaign,urg

ingthegovernmenttosaveBritain’spostoffices.Morethanfourthousandpostofficeshaveclosedsince1999forfinancialreasons;therestarelosinguptoaquarter

ofabillionpoundsayear.TheSaintLevanValleyPostOfficenearPlymouthfacesclosure.Itisoneofthousandsthatarenotcommerciallypracticala

ndcosttaxpayersoverahundredandfiftymillionpoundsayearinsubsidies.Andyetthecustomersheredon’tcareifthepos

tofficemakesmoney,theysayit’sasociallifelineforthecommunity.“We’vehadpeoplemovedtotearshereattheverythoughtoflosingtheirpostoffice.Itssuch

avitalpartofthecommunity.”That’swhyhundredsofpostmastershavearrivedinLondonthismorningtoremonstratewithwhattheycalladeathbyat

housandcuts.Thegovernmenthasremovedsomanyservicesfrombranchesthatmanywouldbeforcedtoclose.Thisafternoonthey

’llhandinapetitionsignedbyfourmillionpeoplewhichtheyhopewouldpreempt(先发制人)anygovernmentannouncementoncuts.Andatthetopofthelistofcomplaints:theplan

nedwithdrawalofthePostOfficecardaccount,usedbymillionstoaccesspensionsandbenefits.Therearemany,manypeoplewhostillwant,andwhobudgetonbeingabletogetthe

irmoneyfromtheirpensionandotherbenefitseachweekincashatpostoffice,andthatisthebottomline.Thisindustrywantsreformandmo

dernization,butnottheill-planneddestructionofthenetwork.“Theyhavetobepractical.Whatwewannadoismakesurethattheycanbep

ractical.Sointhesamewayasapubusedtobetiedtoonebrewery,wewanttofreeuppostofficestohavelotsofproducts,sotheycanhaveamuchbet

terincomeflow,andtherefore,stayopen.”12．Whyhasthegovernmentclosedsomanypostoffices?A．Thepostofficesfailtomakeaprofit.B．

Thegovernmentisforcedtodosobythepublic.C．Thegovernmentdecidestomakeitmorecommercial.D．ThepostofficesareofnousebecauseoftheIn

ternet.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“remonstratewith”meaninparagraph3?A．Negotiatewith.B．Votefor.C．Standby.D．Protestagainst.14．Wha

tisprobablythekeyserviceofthepostofficesforcommonpeople?A．Topostletters.B．Towithdrawpensions.C．Tostrengthe

ncommunitybonds.D．Toprotestagainstill-plannedcuts.15．Whyis“apub”mentionedinthelastparagraph’?A．Topredictthefutureofpostoffices.B．Toindicatethesucce

ssofpubbusiness.C．Tosuggestarealisticwaytokeeppostofficesopen.D．Toexplaintheconnectionbetweenpubsandpostoffices.

【答案】12．A13．D14．B15．C【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了英国政府大量关闭邮局，引起了社会反弹，以及提出解决的办法。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Morethanfourthousandpostofficeshaveclosedsince1999forfinanci

alreasons;therestarelosinguptoaquarterofabillionpoundsayear.（自1999年以来，已有4000多家邮局因财政原因关闭；其余的每年损失高达25亿英镑）”可知，英国政府关闭这么多邮局是因为邮局没有盈利。故选A项。13

．词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“We’vehadpeoplemovedtotearshereattheverythoughtoflosingtheirpostoffice.Itssuchavitalpartofthecommunity.（我

们这里的人们一想到要失去他们的邮局就热泪盈眶。这是社区的重要组成部分）”以及第四段“Thisafternoonthey’llhandinapetitionsignedbyfourmillionpeoplewhichtheyhopewouldpreemptanygovernmentannou

ncementoncuts.（今天下午，他们将递交一份由400万人签署的请愿书，他们希望这份请愿书能够优先于任何政府宣布的削减开支）”可知，很多英国人不想关闭邮局，所以可推知数百名邮政局长是去伦敦抗议的。故选D项。14．推理判断题。根据第五段中“

Andatthetopofthelistofcomplaints:theplannedwithdrawalofthePostOfficecardaccount,usedbymillionstoaccesspensionsandbenefits.Therearemany,manypeopl

ewhostillwant,andwhobudgetonbeingabletogettheirmoneyfromtheirpensionandotherbenefitseachweekincashatpostoffice,andthatisthebot

tomline.（排在投诉名单前列的是，数百万人用于领取养老金和福利的邮局卡账户的计划取款。还有很多很多人仍然想要，他们每周都会在邮局以现金形式从养老金和其他福利中获得资金，这就是底线）”可知，邮局为老百姓提供的主要服务可能是提取养老金。故选B项。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段最

后一句“Sointhesamewayasapubusedtobetiedtoonebrewery,wewanttofreeuppostofficestohavelotsofproducts,sotheycanhaveamuchbetterincomef

low,andtherefore,stayopen.（因此，就像酒吧过去被捆绑在一家啤酒厂上一样，我们希望解放邮局，让它们拥有更多的产品，这样它们就可以有更好的收入流，从而继续营业）”可知，最后一段提到“apub”的原因是用酒吧举例，提出一个切实可行的办法让邮局继续营业。故选C项。

阅读理解【浙江省镇海中学2022-2023学年高三上学期英语模拟】HANDSTITCHEDWORLDS:THECARTOGRAPHYOFQUILTSQuilts(床罩)areanarrativeart;withthemesthatarepolitical,spiritual,

communal,orcommemorative,theyareinfusedwithhistoryandmemory,mappingoutintimatestoriesandlegaciesthroughahandcr

aftedlanguageofdesign.HandstitchedWorlds:TheCartographyofQuiltsisaninvitationtoreadquiltsasmaps,tracingthepathsofindividualhistoriesthat

illuminatelargerhistoriceventsandculturaltrends.Spanningthenineteenthtotwenty-firstcenturies,thisinsightfulandengagingexhibitionbr

ingstogether18quiltsfromthecollectionoftheAmericanFolkArtMuseum,NewYork,representingarangeofmaterials,motifs,andtechniquesfromtraditionale

arly-Americanquiltstomorecontemporarysculpturalassemblages.ThequiltsinHandstitchedWorldsshowushowthistoo-oftenoverlookedmediumbalancescreativ

itywithtradition,individualitywithcollectivezeitgeist.Likearoadmap,theseuniqueworksofferapathtoadeeperunde

rstandingoftheAmericanculturalfabric.NumberofWorks:18quiltsOrganizedby:AmericanFolkArtMuseum,NewYorkApproxi

matesize:175-200linearfeetSecurity:ModeratesecurityParticipationFee:PleaseinquireShipping:IA&Amakesallarra

ngements;exhibitorspayoutgoingshippingcostswithinthecontiguousU.S.BookingPeriod:12weeksTour:June2021—August2024Contact:Trav

elingExhibitions@ArtsandArtists.orgLeighYawkeyWoodsonArtMuseum,Wausau,WIJune12,2021—August29,2021WashingtonStateHistoricalSociety,Tacoma,WASepte

mber17,2021—January23,2022UtahMuseumofFineArts,SaltLakeCity,UTFebruary19,2022—May14,2022FortWayneMuesumofArt,For

tWayne,INJune18,2022—September11,2022AVAILABLEOctober2022—January2023DaneG.HansenMemorialMuseum,Logan,KSFebruary17,

2023—May14,2023AVAILABLEJune2023—December2023LaurenRogersMuseumofArt,Laurel,MSJanuary30,2024—April21,2024AVAILABLEMay2024—

August2024Alltourdatescanbecustomizedtomeetyourschedulingneeds.PleasecontactTravelingExhibitions@ArtsandArtists.orgformoreinformation.1．Whati

sthepurposeoftheexhibitionofHandstitchedWorlds:TheCartographyofQuilts?A．Topromotecreativityandindividualitythoroughtheengagingexhibition.B．Toprovide

anopportunityforvisitorstolearntomakequiltsstitchbystitch.C．TogivevisitorsaninsightintothehistoryandcultureofAmericainspecificperiods.D．Toenrichthe

understandingoftheAmericanculturebyatourvisittomuseumsacrossAmerica.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE

accordingtothearticle?A．Theexhibitionisfreebothfortheexhibitorsandforthevisitors.B．Exhibitorsthatareinterestedcanchoosewhateverdat

estheywant.C．Theartisticandhistoricvalueofhandstitchedquiltsusedtobeneglected.D．Exhibitorsthatareinterestedcanbooktheexhibition12weeksinadvance

.3．Thearticleiswrittento_________.A．exhibitorsB．visitorsC．artistsD．historians【答案】1．C2．D3．A【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了展览活动

“手工缝制的世界:被子的绘图”的参展相关信息。1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Spanningthenineteenthtotwenty-firstcenturies,thisinsightfulanden

gagingexhibitionbringstogether18quiltsfromthecollectionoftheAmericanFolkArtMuseum,NewYork,representingarangeofmaterials,mot

ifs,andtechniquesfromtraditionalearly-Americanquiltstomorecontemporarysculpturalassemblages.”（从19世纪到21世纪，这个深刻而迷人的展览汇集了来自纽约美国民间艺术博物馆的18款被子，代表了从传统的早期美

国被子到更现代的雕塑组合的一系列材料、图案和技术。）及“Likearoadmap,theseuniqueworksofferapathtoadeeperunderstandingoftheAmericanculturalfabric.”（这些独特的作品就像一

张路线图，为深入了解美国文化结构提供了途径。）可知，“手工缝制的世界：拼布地图”展览的目的是为了让游客通过从19世纪到21世纪不同时期的被子，了解美国特定时期的历史和文化。故选C项。2．细节理解题。根据文章关键信息“BookingPeriod:12weeks

”（预定时间周期：12周）可知，有兴趣的参展商可提前12周预订。故选D项。3．推理判断题。根据文章关键句“Shipping:IA&Amakesallarrangements;exhibitorspayoutgoingsh

ippingcostswithinthecontiguousU.S.”（航运：IA&A做所有安排；参展商在美国本土支付运费）及“Alltourdatescanbecustomizedtomeetyoursched

ulingneeds.”（所有的巡展日期可以定制，以满足您的日程安排需要。）可推测，本文是写给参展商的。故选A项。Somedocumentshavebeenmakingtheroundslately—wherepeoplewhoworkvariouspo

sitionsindifferentindustriessharehowmuchthey’repaid.Bravo!It’sabouttimeweblewupthatoldbeliefthatsalariesh

avetostaysecret.Thisisnotjustamatterofcuriosity.Havinginformationaboutsalariescanhelpnarrowthegenderwagegap,whichhasb

arelychangedformorethanadecade.RecentlyreleaseddatefromtheUSCensusBureaushowsthat,onaverage,womenworkingfulltimestillarepaidonly82centsf

oreverydollarpaidtoaman.Andthegapisevenwiderformanywomenofcolor:Blackwomenmake62cents,andLatinasjust54cents.What’smore,thepaygapevenextendsintoherret

irement.Becausesheearnedlessandthereforepaidlesstothesocialsecuritysystem,shereceiveslessinsocialsecuritybenefits.Hav

inggreateraccesstosalaryinformationishelpingtospeedthingsup.AnewresearchreportbytheAmericanAssociationofUniversityWomenshowsthatthewagegaptendst

obesmallerinjobsectorswherepaytransparency(透明)isamust.Forexample,amongfederalgovernmentworkers,there’sjusta13percentpaydifferencebetweenmenandwom

en,andinstategovernment,thegapisabout17percent.Butinprivate,for-profitcompanies,wheresalariesaregenerallykeptunderwraps,thegenderwagegapjum

psto29percent.Fortunately,salaryinformationisincreasinglyavailableonsomewebsites.Certaincompaniesandmanyhumanresourcesdepartmentsarepushingaheadwi

ththispractice.Ofcourse,it’sgoingtotakemorethansalarytransparencytoequalizeearningsbetweenwomenandmen.Butsharingsalariescanandmustbepartofthe

solution.Themoreinformationwomenhaveabouthowjobsarevalued—andwhatdifferentpeopleearn—thebettertheywillunderstandtheirvalueinthelabor

marketandbeabletopushforthepaytheydeserve.4．Whyarethefiguresmentionedinparagraph2?A．Torevealtheseverityofgenderwageg

ap.B．Toconfirmthepreviousbeliefaboutsalaries.C．Tosatisfyreaders’curiosityaboutothers’salaries.D．Toappealtoreaderstosharetheirsalaryinformation.5．Wha

tisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Theinequalitybetweenmenandwomen.B．Theneedtokeepsalaryinformationasecret.C．Th

eadvantageofworkingforthegovernment.D．Thebenefitofmakingsalaryinformationpublic.6．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardssharingsalaryinformation?A．Cri

tical.B．Favourable.C．UncleanD．Negative.7．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．WhyItPaystoS

hareHowMuchYouMakeB．WhereSalaryInformationDifferenceLiesC．WhatItTakestoRealizeGenderEqualityD．HowWoman’sValueImprovesatWork

.【答案】4．A5．D6．B7．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，性别和种族会影响男女个人收入，而将收入信息公开有助于缩小性别工资差距，实现男女收入平等，帮助女性争取应得的薪酬。4．推理判断题。由第二段中的“Hav

inginformationaboutsalariescanhelpnarrowthegenderwagegap,whichhasbarelychangedformorethanadecade.Recentlyrel

easeddatefromtheUSCensusBureaushowsthat,onaverage,womenworkingfulltimestillarepaidonly82centsforeverydollarpai

dtoaman.Andthegapisevenwiderformanywomenofcolor:Blackwomenmake62cents,andLatinasjust54cents.What’smore,thepaygapevenextendsintoherre

tirement.(了解薪资信息有助于缩小性别工资差距，这一差距十多年来几乎没有变化。美国人口普查局最近公布的数据显示，平均而言，全职工作的女性比男性在被付报酬一美元时，仍然只能得到82美分的报酬。对于许多有色人种女性来说，差距甚至更大：黑人女性挣62美分，拉丁裔女性

只挣54美分。更重要的是，工资差距甚至延伸到她的退休)”可知，性别工资差距十多年来几乎没有变化，这种性别工资差距会延伸到女性的退休，通过提到这些数字能揭示性别工资差距的严重性。故选A项。5．主旨大意题。由第三段“Havinggre

ateraccesstosalaryinformationishelpingtospeedthingsup.AnewresearchreportbytheAmericanAssociationofUniver

sityWomenshowsthatthewagegaptendstobesmallerinjobsectorswherepaytransparency(透明)isamust.Forexample,amongfederalgovernmentworkers,there’s

justa13percentpaydifferencebetweenmenandwomen,andinstategovernment,thegapisabout17percent.Butinprivate

,for-profitcompanies,wheresalariesaregenerallykeptunderwraps,thegenderwagegapjumpsto29percent.(更方便地获取薪资信息有助于加

快缩小性别工资差距速度。美国大学女性协会的一份最新研究报告显示，在薪酬必须透明的就业领域，工资差距往往较小。例如，在联邦政府工作人员中，男女之间的工资差距只有13%，而在州政府中，这一差距约为17%。但在私人盈利性公司，工资通常

是保密的，性别工资差距跃升至29%)”可知，薪资信息公开有助于加快缩小性别工资差距速度，薪资信息透明的就业领域，工资差距往往较小，薪资信息保密的就业领域，工资差距往往较大，第三段主要讲公开薪资信息的好处。故选D项。6．推理判断题。由第二段中的“Bravo

!It’sabouttimeweblewupthatoldbeliefthatsalarieshavetostaysecret.Thisisnotjustamatterofcuriosity.Havinginformationa

boutsalariescanhelpnarrowthegenderwagegap(好极了！是时候打破工资必须保密的旧观念了。这不仅仅是好奇的问题。了解薪资信息有助于缩小性别工资差距)”和最后一段中的“Fortunately,salar

yinformationisincreasinglyavailableonsomewebsites.(幸运的是，一些网站上的薪资信息越来越多)”可知，作者认为打破工资必须保密的旧观念太好了，这有助于缩小性别工资差距，还认为一些网站上的薪资信息公

开是一件幸运的事，可得出作者对分享薪资信息持支持（Favourable）态度。故选B项。7．主旨大意题。由第二段中的“Havinginformationaboutsalariescanhelpnarrowtheg

enderwagegap(了解薪资信息有助于缩小性别工资差距)”，第三段中的“Havinggreateraccesstosalaryinformationishelpingtospeedthingsup.(更方便地获取薪资信息

有助于加快缩小性别工资差距速度)”和最后一段中的“Ofcourse,it’sgoingtotakemorethansalarytransparencytoequalizeearningsbetweenwomenandmen.(当然，要实

现男女收入平等，需要的不仅仅是工资透明度)”及“Themoreinformationwomenhaveabouthowjobsarevalued—andwhatdifferentpeopleearn—thebetterth

eywillunderstandtheirvalueinthelabormarketandbeabletopushforthepaytheydeserve.(女性掌握的关于工作价值和不同人群收入的信息越多，她们就越能理解自己在劳动力市场中的价值，并能够争取应得的薪酬)”可知，男女

存在性别工资差距，而薪资信息公开有助于缩小性别工资差距，实现男女收入平等，帮助女性争取应得的薪酬，因此薪资信息公开很重要、很有用，A项“为什么分享你的收入是值得的”符合文意。故选A项。Monopoly(大富翁)isaveryp

opularboardgamearoundtheworldtoday,butlittleisknownaboutitsAmericaninventor,ElizabethMagie,andthephilosophybehindherinvention.Bornin1866

,Magiewasarebelagainstthenormsandpoliticsofhertimes.InspiredbyHenryGeorgewhobelievedthatallmenshouldhaveanequalrighttousethelandastheyhaveto

breatheair,shechallengedthecapitalistsystemofpropertyownership—intheformofaboardgame.In1904,shepatentedherL

andlord’sGame,whichconsistedofacircuitofstreetsandlandmarksforsale.Magie’sgamecontainedtwosetsofrules:TheProsperityrulesandtheMono

polistrules.TheProsperityrulesstatedthateveryplayershouldgaineachtimesomeoneacquiredanewproperty.Thegamewaswon(byall!)whentheplayerstartingw

iththeleastmoneydoubledhisorherfortune.UnderMonopolistrules,ontheotherhand,eachplayeradvancedbyacquiringproperties

andcollectingrentfromallwholandedtherelater.Whoevermanagedtobankrupttheotherplayerswonthegame.Thepurposeofthedualsetsofr

ules,saidMagie,wasforplayerstounderstandhowthesedifferentapproachestopropertycanleadtodifferentsocialoutcomes:“allwin”or“winall.”Thegamesoonbeca

meahitoncollegecampusesandamongQuakercommunities,andsomepeoplemodifiedthegameboard.AnunemployedplayernamedCharlesDar

rowsoldthismodifiedversiontothemanufacturerParkerBrothersashisown.However,whenthegame’strueorigincametolig

ht,ParkerBrothersboughtthepatentfromMagieforonly$500.Theythenre-launchedthegameasMonopoly,includingonlytherulesl

eadingtothetriumphofoneoverall.Darrowwaspublicizedastheinventorwhohadbecomeamillionairefromsellingthegame.Thusarags-to-richesmythwascreated

,ironicallyexemplifyingMonopoly’simplicit(含蓄的)values:Chasewealthandcrushyouropponentsifyouwanttocomeoutontop.8．Whatisthispass

agemainlyabout?A．Thecreationandmodificationofaboardgame.B．Afightbetweenpatentownersofapopulargame.C．Aso

cio-economicvictorybehindalandlordgame.D．Thepersonwhobecameamillionairefromafungame.9．WhatwasthemainpurposeofMagie’sProsperityrules?A．Toemphasi

zethevalueofthecapitalistsystem.B．Tointroducedifferentapproachestoobtainingnewland.C．Toadvocatethatallshou

ldberewardedwhenoneacquireswealth.D．TochallengeGeorge’sideathatmenshouldhaveanequalrighttotheland.10．Whatdoes“arags-to-richesmy

th”refertointhelastparagraph?A．AmodifiedversionofMonopoly.B．Darrow’ssuccessaftersellingthegame.C．ParkerBrothe

rs’purchaseofMagie’spatent.D．Thepopularityofthegameoncollegecampuses.11．WhichofthefollowingwouldbestdescribeMagie’sfeel

ingstowardtoday’sversionofhergame?A．Excited.B．Relieved.C．Doubtful.D．Displeased.【答案】8．A9．C10．B11．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要

介绍了著名桌游大富翁的由来以及演变。8．文章大意题。根据第一段“Monopoly(大富翁)isaverypopularboardgamearoundtheworldtoday,butlittleisknownaboutitsAmericaninventor,ElizabethMagie,andth

ephilosophybehindherinvention.(《大富翁》是当今世界上一款非常流行的棋类游戏，但人们对其美国发明家伊丽莎白·马奇及其发明背后的哲学知之甚少)”以及全文可知，本篇文章主要介绍了著名桌游大富翁的由来以及演变。

故选A。9．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“TheProsperityrulesstatedthateveryplayershouldgaineachtimesomeoneacquiredanewproperty.(繁荣规则规定，每次有人获得新财

产时，每个玩家都应该获得)”可知，繁荣规则提倡当一个人获得财富时，所有人都应该得到奖励。故选C。10．指代猜测题。根据第四段第二句话“AnunemployedplayernamedCharlesDarrowsoldthismodifiedversiontothemanufactu

rerParkerBrothersashisown.(一位名叫查尔斯·达罗的失业球员将这一修改版本作为自己的产品出售给制造商帕克兄弟)”以及倒数第二句话“Theythenre-launchedthegameasMonopoly,incl

udingonlytherulesleadingtothetriumphofoneoverall.Darrowwaspublicizedastheinventorwhohadbecomeamillionairefromsellingthegame.(然后，他们以垄断的形式重新推出了游戏，只包括导致

“一胜一负”的规则。达罗被宣传为发明者，他因出售这款游戏而成为百万富翁)”可知，达罗从手无分文的失业球员因出售这款游戏而成为百万富翁。由此可知，换线的单词指“达罗在出售游戏后的成功”。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句话“InspiredbyHenryGeorgew

hobelievedthatallmenshouldhaveanequalrighttousethelandastheyhavetobreatheair,shechallengedthecapitalistsystemofpropertyownership—intheformofaboa

rdgame.(受亨利·乔治的启发，她认为所有人都应该享有平等的土地使用权，就像呼吸空气一样。她以棋盘游戏的形式挑战了资本主义的财产所有权制度)”以及第四段最后一句话“Thusarags-to-richesmythwascreated,ironicallyexemplifyin

gMonopoly’simplicit(含蓄的)values:Chasewealthandcrushyouropponentsifyouwanttocomeoutontop.(于是，一个白手起家的神话诞生了，讽刺的是，它体现了垄断的隐性价值观：追逐财富，如果你想

在竞争中脱颖而出，就击败对手)”可知，现在游戏的版本体现了垄断的隐性价值观，和Magie最初的理念是想违背的。由此可推知，她对现在游戏的版本应该是感到不高兴的。故选D。Onadarknight,11-year-oldJoewasplayinghide-and

-seekwithhisfriendsinthebackyardwhenhethoughthesawMagellan—ahugehousecat.However,whenthecatsuddenlyjumpedonhishead,Joefounditturnedoutayoung

cougar.Hebackedawayfromtheanimal,thenturnedandraninsidethehouse.CougarencounterslikethisonearebecomingincreasinglycommonintheU.S.Mostpeople

assumethat’sbecausecougarpopulationsaregrowing,orbecausethebigcatsarecomingintoclosercontactwiththeexpandingwebo

fhumansuburbs.ButProfessorRobertWielgusatWashingtonStateUniversityarguesthatpoorlydesignedhuntingpol

iciesmightbecausinganincreaseincougar-humanconflicts.Wielgus’sresearchteamshavebeenfittingthebigcatswithradiocollarsandmonitoringtheirmovements.Th

eyfindthatthecougarpopulationisactuallydecliningrapidlyandalmostnomalecougarsareoverfouryearsofage.Andastudysho

wsthattheheavilyhuntedareahasfivetimesasmanycougarcomplaintsasthelightlyhuntedarea—eventhoughthedensityofcoug

arsisaboutthesameinbothareas.Wielgussuspectsthathuntingpolicies,whichallowoldermalestobekilledtokeepcougarpopul

ationsincheck,weretheculpritandteenagecougarsintheheavilyhuntedareamayberesponsibleformostofthetrouble.Totesthistheory,headdstwomoregroup

sofcougarstothetrackingprogram—oneinaheavilyhuntedareaandanotherinacomparablebutlightlyhuntedarea.Heconcludesthathe

avyhuntingindeedalmostwipesoutoldermalesandthepopulationstructureintheheavilyhuntedareashiftstowardyoungeranimals.Withthesefindings,Wie

lgusbelieveswithoutadultstokeepthemundercontrol,thedisorderlyteensaremorelikelytocomeintoconflictwithhumans,farmanimalsan

dpets.Wielgus’sideasdon’tsitwellwitheveryone.“Huntingdefinitelydoescauselotsofteenagemalestoflowin,butIdon’tyetseesolidproofthattheyaremorelikelytoc

ausetroublethanoldercats,”saystheUniversityofMontana’sRobinson.“Inmanycases,thenewarrivalshavebeensqueezedoutofre

motewildernesshabitatandforcedintoareaswheretheyaremorelikelytoencounterhumans.Ithinkhumansareprimarilyrespons

ibleforalltheinteractionyousee.We’removingintotheseareaswherecougarsanddeerare,”accordingtoAlldredge,aresearcherattheColo

radoDivisionofWildlife.Wemaynotunderstandwhatmakes18-year-oldmalesmorelikelythan48-year-oldmentododangerousthings,W

ielgussays,butweknowthattheworldwouldbeadifferentplace,ifteenagerswereincharge.12．Thepassagebeginswithastoryt

o________.A．leadintothetopicB．describeanincidentC．showtheauthor’sattitudeD．warnofthedangersofcougars13．Theunderlineword“culprit”inPara.4isclosestin

meaningto________.A．effectB．evidenceC．causeD．target14．Whichofthefollowingistrue?A．Alldredgeagreeshun

tingresultsinthearrivaloflotsofteens.B．Robinsondoubtswhetherageisakeyfactorinhuman-cougarconflicts.C．Al

ldredgebelieveskillingoldermalesmaycauseabiggerthreat.D．Robinsonholdshumansaretoblameforthefallofold

ermales.15．WhatmightWielgussuggesttoreducecougarattacks?A．Drivingteenagecougarsbackintotheirnaturalhabitat.B．Gettingpeopletomoveoutofth

eareaswherecougarsare.C．Forbiddingchildrentoplayinthebackyardbythemselves.D．Changinghuntingpoliciestoensureahealthycougarpopulatio

n.【答案】12．A13．C14．B15．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要是讲专家关于美洲狮管制的看法，说明了为什么会有美洲狮进入人类居住区，且表达了在此管制制度下美洲狮惹出的事端的看法。12．推理判断题。由第一段中的“Ho

wever,whenthecatsuddenlyjumpedonhishead,Joefounditturnedoutayoungcougar.(然而，当猫突然跳到他的头上时，乔发现原来是一只年轻的美洲狮)”和第二段中的“Cougarencounterslikethisoneare

becomingincreasinglycommonintheU.S.(在美国，这样的美洲狮遭遇正变得越来越普遍)”及下文可知，文章开始讲述了一个孩子被美洲狮袭击的故事，接下来引出专家对于为什么会有美洲狮进入人类居住区的说明，这

也是本文的中心主题，因此推断，文章以故事开始是为了引出主题。故选A项。13．词句猜测题。由第三段中的“Andastudyshowsthattheheavilyhuntedareahasfivetimesasmanycougarcomplaintsasthelightlyhuntedar

ea—eventhoughthedensityofcougarsisaboutthesameinbothareas(一项研究表明，尽管美洲狮在这两个地区的密度大致相同，但重度捕猎地区的美洲狮投诉数量是轻度捕猎地区的五倍)”和第四段中的“Wielgussuspect

sthathuntingpolicies,whichallowoldermalestobekilledtokeepcougarpopulationsincheck,weretheculpritandteenagecougarsintheheavilyhun

tedareamayberesponsibleformostofthetrouble.(Wielgus怀疑，允许杀死年老雄性美洲狮以控制美洲狮的数量的捕猎政策是culprit，而在被大量捕杀的地区，年轻的美洲狮可能是造成大部分问题的原

因)”可知，Wielgus研究发现在过度捕猎区有更多的美洲狮伤人事件发生，他猜测为了控制美洲狮数量，允许杀死年老美洲狮的狩猎制度是“原因（cause）”。故选C项。14．细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的““Huntingdefinitelydoescauselotsoft

eenagemalestoflowin,butIdon’tyetseesolidproofthattheyaremorelikelytocausetroublethanoldercats,”saystheUniversityofMontana’s

Robinson.(“狩猎确实会导致很多年轻雄性美洲狮流入，但我还没有看到坚实的证据，表明年轻雄性美洲狮比年老雄性美洲狮更可能造成麻烦，”蒙大拿大学的Robinson说)”可知，Robinson还没有看到坚实的证据表明年轻雄性美洲狮比年老雄性美洲狮

更可能造成麻烦（与人类的冲突），说明他怀疑年龄是否是人类与美洲狮冲突的关键因素。故选B项。15．推理判断题。由第二段中的“ButProfessorRobertWielgusatWashingtonStat

eUniversityarguesthatpoorlydesignedhuntingpoliciesmightbecausinganincreaseincougar-humanconflicts.(但华

盛顿州立大学的RobertWielgus教授认为，设计不当的狩猎政策可能会导致美洲狮人类冲突的增加)”和第四段中的“Wielgussuspectsthathuntingpolicies,whichallowoldermalestobekill

edtokeepcougarpopulationsincheck,weretheculpritandteenagecougarsintheheavilyhuntedareamayberesponsibleformostofthetrouble.(Wielgus怀疑，允许杀死年老雄性美洲狮以控制

美洲狮的数量的捕猎政策是原因，而在被大量捕杀的地区，年轻的美洲狮可能是造成大部分问题的原因)”可知，Wielgus认为现行的捕猎政策是造成人类与美洲狮冲突的关键因素，因此可得出Wielgus会提出改变狩猎政策，确保美洲狮种群健康

。故选D项。阅读理解【浙江省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期9月新高考研究卷（一）】Prehistoricruins,medievaltowns,beautifulbeaches-Maltahasitall.Hereareou

rtopfivereasonstogotoMalta.MdinaGobackintimeandvisitMdina,Malta’sancientcapital.Mdinaisfullofnarrowstreetsandcitywallsthatdatebackmo

rethan3,000years.Withapopulationoflessthanthreehundred,itonlytakes10minutestowalkfromoneendtotheother.Whileyou’rethere,visitFontan

ellaTeaGardenwithitsfamoushomemadecakes.VallettaValletta,thecurrentcapital,wasbuiltbytheKnightsoftheOrderofStJohnofJerusaleminthe16thcen

tury.Thecityhasbeautifulsquareswithcafésandrestaurants,andwonderfulharbourviews.Whileyou’rethere,visi

ttheGrandMaster’sPalaceoftheKnightsofStJohn,theArmoury,andStJohn’sCo-Cathedral,whichhasworksofartandtapestriesbyCaravaggioandRubens.Be

achesMaltahaslotsofgreatbeaches,butsomeofthebestareGoldenBayandMellichaBayinthenorth,orthoseonthenearb

yislandofGozo.Onthisisland,youcanrelaxontheredsandbeachofRamlaBayjustasOdysseusdidforsevenyearsduringhislongvoyagehome.Ggantij

aTemplesAlsoonGozoarethe5000-year-oldGgantijaTemples.Thesemegalithic(巨石的)constructionsareoneofthemostimportantarchaco

logicalsitesintheworld.There’salocallegendthatthe6-metrehighwallswerebuiltbygiants.TheBlueLagoonOneofMalta’smostfamousattractionsistheBlueLag

oon.ThisliesbetweentheislandsofCominoandCominotto.It’seasilyaccessiblefromMaltaasmanytourboatsgothere.Swimint

heclearbluewaters,ordiveamongthefishandshipwrecks.Youmightevenfindsometreasure!1．WhatdoweknowaboutMdina?A．I

tcoversawidearea.B．It’sthecapitalofMaltaatpresent.C．Ithasalargepopulation.D．It’sknownforhistoricarchitecture.

2．WhatcanvisitorsdoinValletta?A．Enjoybeautifulseaviews.B．Experiencelifeinthe16thcentury.C．VisitStJohn’sCo-Cathedral.D．Buy

worksofartassouvenirs.3．Whichofthefollowingisagoodplacefordiving?A．Gozo.B．GgantijaTemples.C．TheBlueLagoon.D．Comino.【答案】1．D2．C3．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。马耳他拥有著名的史前遗迹、中世纪城镇和美丽的海滩，文章为游客提供了去马耳他旅游的五大看点。1．细节理解题。根据Mdina部分中的“Mdinaisfullofnarrowstreetsandcitywallsthatdatebackmor

ethan3,000years.（Mdina有很多狭窄的街道和可以追溯到3000多年前的城墙。）”可知，Mdina以历史建筑闻名。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据Valletta部分中的“Whileyou’rethere,visittheGrandMaster’sPalaceoft

heKnightsofStJohn,theArmoury,andStJohn’sCo-Cathedral.（当你在那里的时候，参观圣约翰骑士团大宗师宫殿、军械库和圣约翰大教堂。）”可知，游客在Vallet

ta可以参观圣约翰大教堂。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据TheBlueLagoon部分中的“Swimintheclearbluewaters,ordiveamongthefishandshipwrecks.（在清澈湛蓝的海水中游泳，或者在鱼和沉船之间潜水。）”可知，TheBlueLagoon是潜水

的好地方。故选C项。“Ihavetravelledtheworldfor25yearsinsearchoftrouble,”admitsDrDavidNottinhisrecentautobiography,WarDoct

or:SurgeryontheFrontLine.“Itisakindofaddiction,apullIfindhardtoresist.”Thispullhasseenhimusehissurgicalskillstohelpthoseinneedbytakingunpaid,month-

longbreaksfromhis“dayjob”asanNHSsurgeonintheUKeveryyeartoworkinconflictzonesanddisasterareas.HefirstworkedinSar

ajevoin1993asavolunteerwiththeFrenchcharityMédecinsSansFroatières.Thehospitalbeworkedinhadsomanyholesinitswallscausedbybombingandsniper(狙

击手)firethatitwascalledthe“SwissCheeseHospital”.Itwashisfirstinsightintotheterrifyingrealityoftreatingpatientsinawarzone.Thehospitalsuffere

dpowercutsduringoperationsandheandhisteamwereregularlyshotat.ButNottfoundthisexhilarating.“GoingtoSarajevo,almo

stgettingkilled,Ihadneverfeltsowonderful.Ireallyfeltasthoughsomebodybadinjectedmewithsomething.Ifeltfantastic.Ithinkt

oskirtdeath—andthentorealizehowcloseyouaretodeathandthatyousurvivedit—isexciting.Andthat’stheexperienceI’vehadmanytimesover.”Thisattitud

emayseemreckless(鲁莽的),butitmeansthatNotthassavedlivesindesperatesituations.InGazain2014,hedecidednottoabandonayounggirlinthem

iddleofsurgerydespitebeingtoldthatthehospitalwasabouttobebombed.Hecarriedon,nobombsfellandthegirlsurvived.

Hehaskeptaphotographofthemtakentogetherthreedayslater.InYemen,heoperatedonthewifeofabomb-makerwhohadaccidentallyblownuphisownhouse.Nottfoundadetona

tor(雷管)buriedinherlegandbadtocarefullydisposeofitbeforecontinuingtheoperation.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph1referto?A．Travelli

ngtheworld.B．Workingasasurgeoninawarzone.C．Performingsurgeriesonhispatients.D．Takingmonth-longbreaksfromhisdayjob.

5．WhenwasthebookWarDoctor:SurgeryontheFrontLine,probablypublished?A．In1993.B．In2014.C．In2018.D．In2021.6．Whatmakestheexperiencethrillin

gaccordingtoNott?A．Thefeelingofnarrowlyescapingdeath.B．Thethoughtofsavinglives.C．Theimprovementofhissurgeryskills.D．Thediff

icultyofworkingindesperatesituations.7．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeDr.DavidNott?A．Modestandcourageous.B．Generousandstrict.C．Carelessandag

gressive.D．Adventurousandselfless.【答案】4．B5．C6．A7．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了大卫·诺特医生的自传《战争医生：前线的外科手术》，并讲述了他作为一名战地医生，富有冒险精神，在随时面临着死亡危险的绝境中无私又坚定

地救助伤者的英勇事迹。4．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Itisakindofaddiction,apullIfindhardtoresist.(这是一种上瘾，一种我无法抗拒的诱惑)”和第一段最后一句“Thispullhasseenh

imusehissurgicalskillstohelpthoseinneedbytakingunpaid,month-longbreaksfromhis“dayjob”asanNHSsurgeonintheUKeveryy

eartoworkinconflictzonesanddisasterareas.(在这种诱惑下，他利用自己的外科技能帮助那些需要帮助的人，他每年都会从他作为英国NHS外科医生的“日常工作”中抽出长达一个月的无薪假期，前往冲突地区和灾区工作)”可知，It指代的就是

pull，一种诱惑，最后一句解释了这种诱惑就是他利用自己的外科技能在战争地区工作。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句““Ihavetravelledtheworldfor25yearsinsearchoftroubl

e,”admitsDrDavidNottinhisrecentautobiography,WarDoctor:SurgeryontheFrontLine.(大卫·诺特医生在他最近的自传《战医：前线的外科手术

》中承认：我周游世界25年来一直在寻找麻烦)”和第二段“HefirstworkedinSarajevoin1993asavolunteerwiththeFrenchcharityMédecinsSansFroatières.(他第一次在萨拉热窝工作是在1993年，当时

他是法国慈善机构无国界医生组织的志愿者)”可知，这本书记录的是大卫医生在前线的做外科手术的事情，他1993第一次参加这种工作，书中又说他周游世界已经25年了，所以1993+25=2018。由此可推断，这本

书可能是在2018年发表的。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Ithinktoskirtdeath—andthentorealizehowcloseyouaretodeathandthatyousurvivedit—isexciting.Andthat’stheexperienceI’ve

hadmanytimesover.(我认为避免死亡——然后意识到你离死亡有多近，并且你活了下来——是令人兴奋的。这就是我多次经历过的事情)”可知，大卫医生认为这种死里逃生的感觉是令人兴奋的。题干中的“thrilling”和文中的“e

xciting”是同义替换。故选A。7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Ithinktoskirtdeath—andthentorealizehowcloseyouaretodeathandthatyousurvivedit—ise

xciting.Andthat’stheexperienceI’vehadmanytimesover.(我认为避免死亡——然后意识到你离死亡有多近，并且你活了下来——是令人兴奋的。这就是我多次经历过的事情)”可推知，大卫医生是富

有冒险精神的；根据文章最后一段“InGazain2014,hedecidednottoabandonayounggirlinthemiddleofsurgerydespitebeingtoldthatthehospitalwasabouttobebombed.Hecarri

edon,nobombsfellandthegirlsurvived.(2014年，在加沙，尽管被告知医院即将被炸毁，他还是决定不抛弃正在接受手术的一个年轻女孩。他继续进行手术，没有炸弹落下，女孩也活了下来)”和“InYemen,heoperatedonthewife

ofabomb-makerwhohadaccidentallyblownuphisownhouse.Nottfoundadetonator(雷管)buriedinherlegandbadtocarefullydisposeofitbeforec

ontinuingtheoperation.(在也门，他为一名炸弹制造者的妻子做手术，他意外炸毁了自己的房子。诺特发现一枚雷管埋在她的腿里，在继续手术之前，他必须小心处理)”可推知，大卫医生是无私的。故选D。Forthefirsttimeever,morethanhalfofallmea

lseatenoutintheUKarefromfastfoodrestaurants.Burgers,friedchicken,pizzasandtakeoutcurrynowaccountfor50.4%ofmealsboughtoutsidethehome.That’supfrom4

7.3%in2008.Anditrepresentsastaggering5.54billionfastfoodmealsayear.Butwhy?Theanswersaresimple.Forastar,manyseefastf

oodasacheapoption,whichisapriorityforalotofpeopleinthesetimesofeconomichardship.Anditseemsthatmostpeoplepreferfamilia

rchains.“Familieswanttoknowwhattheyaregetting,andwiththelikesofMcDonald’sandKFCtheyknowit’saconsistentexperienceandgoodval

ue,”anindustryexpertexplained.Manyfastfoodchainsareadaptingtheirmenustoappealdirectlytomiddleclassfamilies.McDonald’s,fore

xample,hasstartedusingfree-rangeeggsandorganicmilk,togetherwithfruitandvegetablesforchildren’sHappyM

eals.Andmostchainsareofferinggooddiscountstoattractcustomers.InLondon,forexample,morethan25%offastfoodpurchasesaremadewithap

romotionalvoucher(代金券).Isfastfoodreallysuchgoodvalueformoney?“Actually,healthyingredientsarecheaper...andofferbettervalueformoney,”af

oodexpertexplained.“Onthefaceofit,itmayseemlikethecheapestoption,butwhenyoulookatthelabels,you’llfindthatyou’reonlygetting50%ofmealin

yourchickennuggets(鸡块),forexample.”So,what’sthesolution?Anonlinesurveyonfoodhasanumberofsuggestions.“Ifyouwanttoeat

wellandcheaply,simplybuylotsofbasicingredients,thencookinbulk.Afterwards,youcanfreezeany,leftoverfoodandeatitlater,”saysMollyBatesofBirmingham

.“Beans,lentilsandpulsesareallexcellentformsofproteinandalotcheaperthanmeatandfish.They’realsoverytasty,”saysKylieJonesofBrighton....8．Whatdoth

efiguresinparagraph1indicate?A．Britonsarespendingmoreandmoreonfastfood.B．Britonsprefertoeatoutratherthancookathome.C．Mealsbought

outsidethehomehaverisenbyabout3%.D．ThenumberoffastfoodrestaurantsintheUKisincreasing.9．What’sthemajorreasonthatmakesfastfoodsoappealing?A．Itshighqu

ality.B．Itsgoodservice.C．Itsgreatdiversity.D．Itslowprice.10．Accordingtoparagraph4,thefoodexpertholdsa___

_____attitudetofastfood.A．neutralB．disapprovingC．tolerantD．supportive11．Whatmightbewritteninthefollowin

gparagraphs?A．Publicopinionsaboutthevalueoffastfood.B．Othertipsonhowtoeathealthilyandcheaply.C．Theharmfulimpactso

ffastfoodonconsumers.D．Differentapproachestomakinghealthierfastfood.【答案】8．A9．D10．B11．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了快餐在英国消费量惊人的原因，指出其虽便宜，但并非物有所值，最后提供了网上人们

分享的吃得好又便宜的一些建议。8．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Forthefirsttimeever,morethanhalfofallmealseatenoutintheUKarefromfastfoodrestaurants.Burgers,friedchicken,

pizzasandtakeoutcurrynowaccountfor50.4%ofmealsboughtoutsidethehome.That’supfrom47.3%in2008.Anditrepresentsasta

ggering5.54billionfastfoodmealsayear.（在英国，有史以来第一次有超过一半的外出用餐来自快餐店。汉堡包、炸鸡、比萨饼和外卖咖喱现在占到了家庭外用餐的50.4%。这一比例高于2008年的47.3%。这意味

着快餐的数量达到惊人的55.4亿份。）”可知，第1段中的数字表明了英国人在快餐上的花费越来越多。故选A。9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Andmostchainsareofferinggooddiscountstoattractcu

stomers.InLondon,forexample,morethan25%offastfoodpurchasesaremadewithapromotionalvoucher.（大多数连锁店都在提供优惠折扣来吸引顾客。举个例子，在伦敦有超过25%的快餐购买是使用一个促销券来进行的。）”可知，顾

客被快餐吸引的主要原因是优惠的价格，能节省一些钱。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Isfastfoodreallysuchgoodvalueformoney?“Actually,healthyingredientsarecheaper...andoff

erbettervalueformoney,”afoodexpertexplained.“Onthefaceofit,itmayseemlikethecheapestoption,butwhenyoulook

atthelabels,you’llfindthatyou’reonlygetting50%ofmealinyourchickennuggets.”（快餐真的物有所值吗？一位食品专家解释道：“事实上，健康配

料更便宜……而且性价比更高”。“从表面上看，这似乎是最便宜的选择，但当你看标签时，你会发现你只吃了50%的鸡块。）”可知，食品专家对快餐持反对的态度。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“So,what’

sthesolution?Anonlinesurveyonfoodhasanumberofsuggestions.（那么，解决方案是什么？一项关于食物的在线调查给出了许多建议。）”可知，下文介绍的是一些网上调查中人们分享的想吃得好又便宜的一些建议并分别举

例说明。故选B。ResearchershasinvestigatedtheimpactofCovid-19relatedsocialisolation(隔离)measureson2,200youngk

idsbetween8and36monthsofage.Theirfindingsprovideinsightsintotheeffectsoflockdownonlanguagelearningandscreentimei

nthegenerationofyoungstersgrowingupduringthisextraordinaryperiod.ShortlyafterlockdownbeganinearlyMarch2020across13countries,parentswereaskedtocompl

eteanonlinequestionnairecontainingquestionsonthechild’sage,exposuretodifferentlanguages,numberofsiblings

(兄弟姐妹)andvocabularydevelopment.Parentswerethencontactedagainattheendofthelockdown(forthatfamilyorinthatarea,i

ngeneral).Theywereaskedabouttheactivitiestheyundertookwiththeirchildduringlockdown,theamountoftimetheirchildhadaccesstoscreens

bothduringlockdownandbefore,aswellasquestionsonhowmuchscreentimetheyhadthemselvesandtheirattitudestowardschildren’sscreentime.Parentswerealsoaskedto

completeastandardizedvocabularychecklistindicatingthenumberofwordstheirchildunderstoodand/orsaidatthebeginning,andagain,attheendoflockdowns

othatanincreaseinthenumberofwordsgainedoverlockdowncouldbecalculated.Thestudiesfindthat,duringlockdown,childrenwhowerereadtomorefrequentlyw

erereportedtohavelearnedmorewords,relativetotheirpeerswhowerereadtolessfrequently.However,childrenwithincrea

sedexposuretoscreenslearnedtosayfewerwords,relativetotheirpeerswithlessscreentime.Besides,whilechildrenwereexpos

edtomorescreentimeduringlockdownthanbefore,overall,childrenwerereportedtohavegainedmorewordsthanexpecteddurin

glockdown,relativetopre-pandemiclevels.Theincreaseinscreentimeduringlockdownwasgreateriflockdownwaslon

ger,andinfamilieswithfeweryearsofeducation,andwhereparentsreportedusingscreensforlongerthemselves.“Whi

lethissuggeststhattherelativelyshortisolationdidnotdetrimentallyimpactlanguageinyoungchildren,weshouldbecau

tiousinassumingthiswouldapplyduringnormaltimesortolongerlockdowns,giventheextraordinarycircumstanceschildrenandt

heirparentsfacedduringthistime,”saysAssociateProfessorNataliaKartushina,UniversityofOslo.12．Whatcanwelearnabouttheresearc

h?A．Itinvolvedkidsundertheageof8from13countries.B．Relatedinvestigationswerecompletedatthesametime.C．The2,200kidsinvolvedhadtotak

evocabularytests.D．Parentsofthe2,200kidsfinishedtwoquestionnaires.13．Whohavelearnedmorewordsaccordingtothefinding?A．Childr

enwhoseparentsoftenreadstoriestothem.B．Childrenwhowereexposedtomorescreentime.C．Childrenwhosesociali

solationdurationwaslonger.D．Childrenwhowerefromless-educatedfamilies.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“detrimentally”inthel

astparagraphmean?A．Permanently.B．Harmfully.C．Strongly.D．Potentially.15．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．COVID-19:DoesItInfl

uenceYoungKids’LanguageLearning?B．ApproachestoTeachingYoungKidstoLearnDuringSocialIsolationC．ImpactofCOVID-19SocialIso

lationMeasuresonEarlyDevelopmentD．ScreenTimeintheGenerationofChildrenGrowingupDuringCOVID-19【答案】12．D13．A14．B15．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。研

究人员调查了与新冠肺炎相关的社会隔离措施对2200名8到36个月大的幼儿的影响。研究发现，隔离期间，阅读频率更高的孩子学会的字更多，而使用屏幕时间更多的孩子说话会变少。研究还发现相对较短的隔离时间不会对幼儿的语言发展产生不利影响，但奥斯陆大学的NataliaKa

rtushina副教授对此持谨慎的态度。12．细节理解题。根据第一段“ResearchershasinvestigatedtheimpactofCovid-19relatedsocialisolation(隔离)measureson2,200youngkidsbetween8and36month

sofage”（研究人员调查了与Covid-19相关的社会隔离措施对2200名8至36个月大的幼儿的影响）根据文章第二段“ShortlyafterlockdownbeganinearlyMarch2020across13count

ries,parentswereaskedtocompleteanonlinequestionnairecontainingquestionsonthechild’sage,exposuretodifferentlanguages,numbero

fsiblingsandvocabularydevelopment.(2020年3月初，在13个国家开始实行封锁后不久，家长们被要求填写一份在线问卷，其中包含关于孩子年龄、接触不同语言、兄弟姐妹数量和词汇发展的问题。)”和“Parentswerethencont

actedagainattheendofthelockdown(forthatfamilyorinthatarea,ingeneral).Theywereaskedabouttheactivitiestheyundertookwiththeirchildduringlockdown,theamou

ntoftimetheirchildhadaccesstoscreensbothduringlockdownandbefore,aswellasquestionsonhowmuchscreentimetheyhadthemselvesandtheirattitudestowardsc

hildren’sscreentime.(然后在封锁结束时再次联系家长（针对该家庭或该地区的封锁）。他们被问及他们在隔离期间与孩子一起进行的活动，他们的孩子在隔离期和隔离之前使用屏幕的时间，以及他们自己有多少屏幕使用时间以及他们对孩子

屏幕使用时间的态度。)”可知，这2200个儿童的父母完成了两次调查问卷。文章并未提及接受调查的2200个孩子来自13个国家，A选项描述错误；此次调查发生在封锁初期和封锁结束时，并不是同时发生的，B选项描述错误；由第二段“Parentswerealsoaskedtocomple

teastandardizedvocabularychecklist”可知，是家长被要求完成一份词汇清单，不是儿童，C选项描述错误。故选D。13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thestudiesfindthat,duringlockdow

n,childrenwhowerereadtomorefrequentlywerereportedtohavelearnedmorewords,relativetotheirpeerswhowerereadtolessfrequently.(研究发现，在隔离期间，

与阅读频率较低的同龄人相比，更频繁被阅读的孩子学会了更多的单词。)”可推测，父母经常给孩子读故事可以让孩子学到更多的单词。由第三段“However,childrenwithincreasedexposuretoscreenslea

rnedtosayfewerwords,relativetotheirpeerswithlessscreentime.(然而，与屏幕使用时间较少的同龄人相比，接触屏幕次数增加的孩子学会说更少的单词。)”可知使用屏幕时间更多，说话更少。根据文章第三段最后一句“Theincrea

seinscreentimeduringlockdownwasgreateriflockdownwaslonger,andinfamilieswithfeweryearsofeducation,andwhereparentsreportedusingscreensforlongerthems

elves.”可知，封锁时间越长，或者是家庭受教育时间短，父母使用屏幕时间更长的家庭，（儿童）屏幕使用时间也更长，因此说话也会更少。故选A。14．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Besides,whilechild

renwereexposedtomorescreentimeduringlockdownthanbefore,overall,childrenwerereportedtohavegainedmorewordsthanexpe

ctedduringlockdown,relativetopre-pandemiclevels.(此外，尽管儿童在隔离期间比以前有更多的屏幕使用时间，但总体而言，据报道，相对于大流行前的水平，儿童在隔离期间获得的单词比预期的要多。)”可知，封锁并未影响儿童的语言发展，所以可推测出，短

暂的隔离不会对幼儿的语言产生不利影响。harmfully意为“有害地，不利地”，与detrimentally意思相同，且符合语境。故选B。15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Researchershasinvest

igatedtheimpactofCovid-19relatedsocialisolation(隔离)measureson2,200youngkidsbetween8and36monthsofage.Theirfindingsprovideinsightsintoth

eeffectsoflockdownonlanguagelearningandscreentimeinthegenerationofyoungstersgrowingupduringthisextraordinaryperiod.(研究人员调查了

与新冠肺炎相关的社会隔离措施对2200名8到36个月大的幼儿的影响。他们的发现为封锁对在这段特殊时期成长的一代年轻人的语言学习和屏幕时间的影响提供了见解。)”和后文的调查内容可知，本文主要讲的是与新冠肺炎相关的社会隔离措施对儿童早期发展的影响，

C选项符合题意。故选C。阅读理解【浙江省浙里卷天下2022-2023学年高三上学期10月测试】ForthosewhohaveneverbeentoHarbin,there’salmostanendlesslistofthingstodo

.Hereareseveralactivitiesthathavetobeincluded.TurningwaterintoinstanticeOnecan’tgototheIce-SnowWorldwithoutstoppingbytheSunI

slandSnowExpo.Afterall,theformerisforappreciatingilluminated(照亮的)iceatnight,andthelatterisforcheckingoutsnowinthedaytime.Touristsfro

mthesouthmightbeastonishedbythebrightsunshinereflectedinthesnow,sodon’tforgetthesunscreen.Thisisalsoagoodplacetotoss(抛)waterandwatchitturnintoi

ceinstantly.Findasafeplacewithnoonenearby,andenjoytheuniquephenomenon.Snowtubing(雪地滑轮胎)ontheSonghuaRiverInwinter,theSonghuaRiverturnsinto“thousands

ofmilesofice”andbecomesanaturalice-skatingrink.Thefrozenriveroffersopportunitiesformanydifferentwinteractivities.Butmakesure

theiceissolidbeforegoingstomping(跺脚)inthesnow.SpeedingdownYabuliSkiResortOneplaceyoushouldn’tmisswhen

visitingHarbinisYabuliSkiResort,whereyoucanskidownsplendidsnow-coveredmountains.Thesnowisthickandmoderatelyhard.Thereare

junior,middleandseniorskiruns.Professionalstaffareavailabletoimproveyourskiingability.21．Whichisagoodplacetoenjoyanightscene?A．TheSonghu

aRiver.B．TheIce-SnowWorld.C．YabuliSkiResort.D．TheSunIslandSnowExpo.22．WhatcanvisitorsdoinHarbin?A．Getprofessiona

lguidanceforfreewhileskating.B．Choosedifferentroutesbasedontheirskiingability.C．Godowntheworld’slongesticeslideonSonghu

aRiver.D．Tosswaterandwatchitturnintoicewhereveryouwant.23．What’sthearticleintendedfor?A．Advertisingwinter

activitiesofHarbin.B．Remindvisitorsofsafetravelling.C．Explainrequirementstovisitors.D．Attractvisitorst

oinvestinHarbin.【答案】21．B22．B23．A【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了哈尔滨的冬季冰雪项目。21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Onecan’tgototheIce-SnowWorldwithoutsto

ppingbytheSunIslandSnowExpo.Afterall,theformerisforappreciatingilluminated(iceatnight,andthelatterisfo

rcheckingoutsnowinthedaytime.(要去冰雪世界，就得先去太阳岛冰雪博览会。毕竟，前者是为了欣赏灯光（晚上的冰，而后者是为了查看白天的雪）)”可知，theSunIslandSnowExpo是欣赏夜间灯光的好地方。故

选B。22．细节理解题。根据第五段“Thesnowisthickandmoderatelyhard.Therearejunior,middleandseniorskiruns.Professional

staffareavailabletoimproveyourskiingability.(雪又厚又硬。有初级、中级和高级雪道。专业的工作人员可以帮助您提高滑雪能力)”可知，亚布力滑雪场有多条不同级别的

赛道，并由专业人士帮助游客提高滑雪水平。由此可知，游客应根据自己的滑雪水平选择赛道。故选B。23．推理判断题。根据第一段“ForthosewhohaveneverbeentoHarbin,there’salmostanendlesslistofthingstodo.(对

于那些从未去过哈尔滨的人来说，那里几乎有无穷无尽的事情可做)”以及下文介绍的三个具有特色的冰上活动推断，作者的写作目的是向游客宣传哈尔滨的冬季冰雪项目。故选A。AsIwalkedintomynewhighschoolforthefirsttime

,Ifeltuncertain,nervousandlonely.Imissedmyoldfriendsterribly.Myheadhurtwiththethoughtofmakingnewfriendsalloveragain.Whatwillmynewfri

endsbelike?Willwelikeeachother?WillIevenmakeafriend?Thesequestionswereonmymind,asIwalkedovertoagroupofgirls.I

didn’tknowanyoneinmynewschool.Itseemedlikeeveryonewaswatchingme,asifeveryheadwasturningtowardsme,waitingformetomakeawrongmove.Inervous

lysaid“hi”inalowvoice,wavingmyhandatthegroup.Expectingthemtostartlaughingandmakingfunofme,Iwassurprisedwhentheywavedb

ackandaskedmetositwiththem.Asifaswitchhadbeenturnedoff,alltheanxiousthoughtsthathadbeenkillingmewereg

one.AfeelingofacceptanceandexcitementrushedovermeasIhappilychattedwiththesixgirls,tellingthemmoreaboutmyself.Lookingba

ckathowanxiousIwasuponenteringmynewschoolforthefirsttime,InowfeelstupidforIhadbeenlosingmysleepoversomethingsos

mall.Beingmyselfandbeingpolitehadworkedoutformejustfine.Beingconfidentprovedtobethekeythatfitperfectlyintothelockonthe

dooroffriendship,thesamedoorthatIhadbeentooscaredtoevenknockonbefore.Ihadneverexpectedthatbytheendof

thedayIwouldhaveanyfriendsatall,letalonesix.WhatIlearnedfrommyexperiencewastowelcomeeverydaysurpriseswithopenarmsandt

oacceptthegoodorbadfeelingsthatfillourhearts,thesameplacewherelovelivesandwherenewfriendsarewelcomed.24．Whydidtheauthormentio

nthosequestionsinparagraph2?A．Toexpressherneeds.B．Toshowhernervousness.C．Toshowherhungerforknowledge.D．Toexpressherdoubtsaboutfriendship.25．Whatwasu

nexpectedtotheauthor?A．Beingacceptedbyallthestudents.B．Theinvitationfromthegroupofgirls.C．Beinglaughedatbythegroupofgirls.D．T

heattentionallthestudentspaidtoher.26．Whatadvicemighttheauthorgivetonewhighschoolstudents?A．Getenoughsleep.B．Keepintouchwitholdfriends.C．Believeinyou

rself.D．Avoidsayingsomethingstupid.27．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．EverydoghashisdayB．EverybeanhasitsblackC．Eachnewdayholdsasurpr

iseD．Eachonethinksinhisownway【答案】24．B25．B26．C27．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一天到新学校上学交友的经历。24．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“AsIwalkedintomynewhighschool

forthefirsttime,Ifeltuncertain,nervousandlonely.Imissedmyoldfriendsterribly.Myheadhurtwiththethoughtof

makingnewfriendsalloveragain.（当我第一次走进我的新高中时，我感到不确定、紧张和孤独。我非常想念我的老朋友们。一想到要重新结交新朋友，我就头疼）”和文章第二段“Whatwillmynewfriendsbelike?Willwelikeeacho

ther?WillIevenmakeafriend?Thesequestionswereonmymind,asIwalkedovertoagroupofgirls.（我的新朋友会是什么样子？我们会喜欢对方吗？我能交到朋友吗？当我走向一群女孩时，这些问题一直在我脑海中盘旋）”可知作者第一次进新

高中时，对于即将要重新结交朋友而感到焦虑，因为他不知道新朋友会是什么样子的，也不知道会不会交到朋友，所以在第二段提出这些问题显示了作者的焦虑；故选B项。25．细节理解题。根据第四段“Inervouslysaid“hi”inalowvoice,wavingm

yhandatthegroup.Expectingthemtostartlaughingandmakingfunofme,Iwassurprisedwhentheywavedbackandaskedmetositwiththe

m.（我紧张地低声说了“hi”，向大家挥了挥手。我本以为他们会开始嘲笑我，但当他们向我挥手并请我坐在他们旁边时，我感到很惊讶）”可知，当那群女孩也向作者挥手并邀请她和她们坐在一起时，作者感到惊讶，即受到邀请是令她意想不

到的事；故选B项。26．推理判断题。根据第六段“Beingconfidentprovedtobethekeythatfitperfectlyintothelockonthedooroffriendship,thesamedoorthatIhadbeentooscaredtoevenknockonb

efore.（事实证明，自信是一把钥匙，完美地打开了友谊之门的锁，就是那扇我以前害怕得连敲都不敢敲的门）”可知作者认为自信是打开友谊之门的一把钥匙，由此可推知，她鼓励新生要自信；故选C项。27．主旨大意题。通读文章可知作者第一次

到新校因交友而感到焦虑，但事实跟作者想的不一样，即这对作者来说是个很大的惊喜；根据文章最后一段“WhatIlearnedfrommyexperiencewastowelcomeeverydaysurpriseswithopenarm

s”（我从自己的经历中学到的是张开双臂欢迎每天的惊喜）可知作者觉得要张开双臂欢迎每天的惊喜，故本文就是围绕作者开始因担心交友但最后现实给他一个惊喜这个话题叙述的，并总结出每天要张开双臂欢迎每天的惊喜，故选项C“Eachnewdayholds

asurprise（每一天都有惊喜）”适合作为本文标题；故选C项。Threeminutesoflookingatredlightonceaweekmayhelpoureyesight(theabilitytosee),newresearchsuggests.Thefindingsshowtha

tredlightmightbeacheapandeasytreatmentfordeclinesincolorvisionaswegetolder.Lastyear,researchersfromUniversityCollegeLondondidastudyonredlightthera

py.24healthyvolunteers,agedbetween28and72,wereaskedtolookatredlightforthreeminuteseverydayfortwoweeks.Testslaterfoundt

hattheeyesightofpeopleovertheageof40improved.Totestthepossibleweakpointsoftheirtherapy,theydidanewstud

ythisyear.Insteadofusingthelighteveryday,theyuseditonceaweek.Thenewstudyincluded20volunteers,agedbetween34and70,allwithhealthyvision.So

mereceivedredlighttherapyinthemorning,andothersreceiveditintheafternoon.Theywerethentestedontheircolorvis

ionuptoaweeklater.Onthewhole,thosewhogotthetreatmentinthemorningshoweda17%improvementintheircolorvision,ev

enaweeklater.Thosewhogotthetreatmentintheafternoondidnothaveanyimprovement.“We’vefoundthatonesinglee

xposuretoredlightinthemorningcangreatlyimprovedecliningvision,”saidleadauthorGlenJeffrey.Thefindingsdosupporttheirearlierwork,

andtheymightmakethetreatmentmorepracticable,sinceaonce-weeklytreatmentiseasiertosticktothanadailyone.Buttheteam’spromisingresultsarestilldrawn

onsmallnumbersofhealthyvolunteers.Largerstudieswouldbeneededtoshowthebenefitsofredlighttherapy.“Inthenearfuture,aonce-a-weekth

ree-minuteexposuretodeepredlightcouldbedonewhilemakingacoffeeorlisteningtoasong,andsuchasimplethingcouldchangeeyecareandvisionar

oundtheworld,”Jeffreysaid.Givenitslowcost(aslittleas$15)perdevice,andsimplicity,theteamisexcitedaboutthefutureoftheirtherapy.

28．Whatplaysakeyroleinredlighttherapy?A．Thetimeofdayfortreatment.B．Thedeviceusedinthetreatment.C．Thetimethatonetreatmentlasts.D．Thenumberof

treatmentsreceived.29．Whatmakesitnecessarytoimprovethestudy?A．Theageofthevolunteers.B．Thenumberofthevolunteers.C．Thepoorv

isionofthevolunteers.D．Thehealthconditionofthevolunteers.30．Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanwefindthisarticle?A．Travel.

B．Business.C．Entertainment.D．Health.31．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tostatetheimportanceofeyecare.B．Toexplainthevalueofdeepre

dlight.C．Tointroduceawaytofightvisiondecline.D．Toencourageagedpeopletoprotecttheireyesight.【答案】28．A29．B30．D31．C【导语】本文是说明文。研究表明

，每周看三分钟的红光有助于缓解视力衰退。28．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thenewstudyincluded20volunteers,agedbetween34and70,allwithhealthyvision.Somereceivedredlighttherapyinthemornin

g,andothersreceiveditintheafternoon.Theywerethentestedontheircolorvisionuptoaweeklater.(这项新研究包括了20名年龄在34岁到70岁之间

的志愿者，他们的视力都很健康。一些人在上午接受红光治疗，另一些人在下午接受。然后在一周后对他们的色觉进行测试。)”和第四段中“Onthewhole,thosewhogotthetreatmentinthemorningshowed

a17%improvementintheircolorvision,evenaweeklater.Thosewhogotthetreatmentintheafternoondidnothaveanyim

provement.(总体而言，那些在早上接受治疗的人，即使在一周后，他们的色觉也有17%的改善。下午接受治疗的患者没有任何改善。)”可知，研究结果表明在上午接受红光疗法治疗的志愿者一周后的色觉有显著改善，而在下午接受治疗的则没有改善。由此可知，每天在哪个时间段治疗是红

光疗法中的关键。故选A。29．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Buttheteam’spromisingresultsarestilldrawnonsmallnumbersofhealthyvolunteers.Largerstudieswouldbeneededtoshowthebe

nefitsofredlighttherapy.(但是，该团队有希望的结果仍然来自于少数健康志愿者。还需要更大规模的研究来证明红光疗法的益处。)”可知，由于新研究的结果是在少数健康志愿者的基础上得出的，因此还需要更大规模

的研究来证明红光疗法的好处，即更多的志愿者。故选B。30．推理判断题。根据文本体裁和内容可知，本文为一篇科技性说明文，作者介绍了红光治疗疗效实验的开展，和实验得出的相应结论，因此本文应该出现在杂志的Health栏目。故选D。31．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了

一项新研究，它表明每周接受三分钟的红光疗法治疗可显著改善因年龄增长而造成的视力衰退。由此推知，本文的目的是介绍一种对抗视力下降的方法。故选C。Worldhistoryhasseenthreeancientdramas:Greektraged

yandcomedy;IndianSanskritdrama;andChineseopera.ThefirsttwohavebecomehistoricalandonlyChineseoperahassurvived.Chineseoperatookshapeinthe12

thcentury.Afterdevelopingformorethan800years,itsabundantlocalstylesofoperaarestillenjoyinggreatpopularity,ofwhi

chQinqiangisoneofthemostancientoperas.Qingiangoperaisathousand-year-oldlocaloperaoriginatinginChina’sinlandnorthwesternre

gion.Ithasestablishedauniquetraditionasan“operashoutedout”withitshigh-pitchedarias(高音唱腔).LiMeihaswonareputationasoneofthefourgreatestQinqiangactre

sses.She’salsoknownforherpassionatecommitmenttoexploringthetheatricalpossibilitiesofferedbyQinqiang.LiMeiandherworkmatesarehalfwaythrougha

nafternoonrehearsal(排练)andmosthavebrokenintoasweat.Singinginanear-whisper,theforty-year-oldoperastarperforms

thestylizedmovementsfortheleadingrole—thebitterdeadLadyLiHuinianginGhost’sHate.LittlewonderthatLiMeiissuchapowerfulpresenceo

nstage.She’sthegreatestcontributoryactresswho’sabletointerpretacharactersocompellinglyandtellastorysoconvincinglythatEuropeanaudienceswarmlyhugthis

unfamiliarartform.LiMeisaid,“WeperformedthisoperaintheNetherlandstocelebratethetenthanniversaryofthefoundingofHolland’sNationalTheatr

e.Weenjoyedafifteen-minutecurtaincallandtheaudiencesapplaudedwildlyforalongtime.Thelocalpressentitledmethe‘Ne

mesisoftheOrient’andthe‘ChineseVenus’.Whyisthatso?Becausethey’vefullyunderstoodwhattheoperaimplied—theloyaltytowardslove,anddeadasshemaybe,

herlovepersists.Thereasonwhythisoperawasabletotouchmillionsofheartsisthatithasabeautifulstorypresentedbyabeautifulartform.32．Whatc

anbeinferredaboutChineseoperafromthetext?A．ItmadehistorywithancientGreekoperas.B．Itconsistsofvariousdynamiclocaloperas.C．Ithasahistoryshorterth

anIndianSanskritdrama.D．ItoriginatedfromthemostancientlocalQingiangopera.33．WhyisGhost’sHatestarringLiMeilovedbyforeigners?A．Becau

seitsstoryiseasytobefullyunderstoodbyforeigners.B．BecauseitsleadingroleLiMeiisfamousasthe“ChineseVenus”.C．Becauseitconveysthepopularmessageofloyalty

towardslove.D．Becauseitisaperfectcombinationoftouchingplotandattractiveform.34．Whatmighttheunderlinedword“compellingly”meaninparagraph5?A．Pers

uasively.B．Boringly.C．Incorrectly.D．Partly.35．WhatisLiMei’sgreatestcontributiontoQinqiangopera?A．ShewonareputationasoneofthefourgreatestQingiangactre

sses.B．ShebroughtLiHuiniang,thebitterdeadLadyinGhost’sHatetolife.C．SheexploredmanytheatricalpossibilitiesofferedbyQinqiangopera.D．Shespreadoneof

Chinesetraditionalculturestotheothersideoftheworld.【答案】32．B33．D34．A35．D【导语】本文是新闻报道，主要介绍了中国著名的戏剧——秦腔及其特点，以及把秦腔带出国门的女艺术家LiMei。32．推理判断题。根

据第二段的“Afterdevelopingformorethan800years,itsabundantlocalstylesofoperaarestillenjoyinggreatpopularity,ofwhichQinqiangisoneofthem

ostancientoperas.(经过800多年的发展，丰富的地方戏曲风格至今仍广受欢迎，其中秦腔是最古老的戏曲之一)”可知，中国戏曲由各种充满活力的地方戏曲组成。故选B。33．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Thereasonwhythiso

perawasabletotouchmillionsofheartsisthatithasabeautifulstorypresentedbyabeautifulartform.(这台戏曲能够打动数百万人的心，是因为它以一种美丽的艺术形式呈现了一个美丽的故事)”可知，因为优美的故事情

节和出色的艺术形式，国外观众也被深深打动。故选D。34．词句猜测题。根据划线词后面的句子“tellastorysoconvincinglythatEuropeanaudienceswarmlyhugthisunfamiliara

rtform.(讲述一个如此令人信服的故事，以至于欧洲观众热烈拥抱这种陌生的艺术形式)”同时从句式看，socompellingly是修饰“interpretacharacter”与“tellastorysoc

onvincingly”并列，由此推测compellingly和convincingly是近义词，意为“有说服力的”。故选A。35．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“She’sthegreatestcontributoryactresswho’sablet

ointerpretacharactersocompellinglyandtellastorysoconvincinglythatEuropeanaudienceswarmlyhugthisunfamiliarartf

orm.(她是贡献最大的女演员，她能够如此引人注目地诠释一个角色，如此令人信服地讲述一个故事，欧洲观众热情拥抱这种陌生的艺术形式)”可知，LiMei的贡献让欧洲观众热情拥抱秦腔，她对秦腔最大的贡献是她把中国

的一种传统文化传播到了世界的另一端。故选D。