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一轮组合训练(十九)一、阅读理解A篇TherearefourfunfestivalsthroughouttheyearinBrazil.FestaJuninaFestaJuninaiscelebratedalloverBra

zilfortheentiremonthofJuneasayearlycelebrationofSaintJohn.Itcelebratescountrylifewithtypicalclothes,foodanddancesinsidealargetent,wit

hdecorationssuchascoloredflags,beautifultableclothsandballoons.OktoberfestTheGermanicrootsofthesouthofBrazilbroughtthistrad

itionalGermanfestivaltoBrazil,whereithasbecomeoneofthemostpopularbeerfestivals.HeldinthemiddleofOctobereveryyearinBlumenau,itcelebratestypicalGerm

ancuisineandplentyofbeer.There'reallkindsofGermanfoodsonthefestival.FestivaldeCachaçaEveryyearinthetownofParaty,FestivaldeCachaçaisheldfo

rcachaça,thenationalalcoholmadefromsugarcane(甘蔗).ThisfestivalisheldoveralongweekendinAugustanditgivesyouachancetotrycacha

ça.Therearealsoshowsofsamba(桑巴舞)andfoodtrucks.It'salsoagreatopportunitytogettoknowthebeautifultownofParaty.ParintinsFolkloreFestivalThefestivalheld

everyyearinParintinsisthesecondlargestinBrazilafterthecarnival.ItgoesoveraperiodofthreedaysattheendofJuneandcelebratestheAmazonianlegendofaresurre

ctedox(复活的牛).ThemainattractionofthefestivalisthecompetitionbetweenthetwoteamsGarantidoandCaprichosothatcompetet

oretellthestoryoftheoxthroughamixofdancingandsinging.1．Whichfestivallaststhelongesttime?A．FestaJunina.B．Oktoberfest.C．FestivaldeCachaça.D．

ParintinsFolkloreFestival.2．WhatcanyoudoifyouattendOktoberfest?A．Watchshowsofsamba.B．Drinkthenationalalcohol.C．TasteGermanfood.D．Listentothesto

ryoftheox.3．Whatdothefourfestivalshaveincommon?A．Theyareyearlyactivities.B．Theyenjoyglobalpopularity.C．Theyfocusonfoodanddanci

ng.D．TheyarecelebratedalloverBrazil.B篇[2023·北京卷，D]Whatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoan

swer.Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit'schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife—calledALifeforshort—isthes

ystematicattempttospelloutlife'sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so­calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytorea

llyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdecla

rationsofthefield'sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“the

point”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything，”A

lansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat'stheworthofartificiallife？’Doyoueverthink，‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother？’”Asmuchasmany

ALifershateemphasisingtheirresearch'sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.Arti

ficialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife'scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamouredbyaconceptcalledopen­endedevolution(演化).Thisisthecapacityforas

ystemtocreateessentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof“noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth'sbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemana

gestoreproducelife'sendless“creativity”insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachin

es.ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAI,advancesinALifearehardertorecognise.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentral

concept—lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn'thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojec

tsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled(混乱的)progressionisastrikingparall

el(平行线)totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarth'sbiosphere.Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgenerateno

velty.Itmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren'tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevoluti

on.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething:perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroug

houttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.4．RegardingAlanSmith'sdefenceofALife,theauthoris________．A．supportiveB．puzzledC．u

nconcernedD．doubtful5．Whatdoestheword“enamoured”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Shocked.B．Protected.C．Attracted.D．Challen

ged.6．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture.B．ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.C．AImirr

orsthedevelopmentsofALife.D．AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.7．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage

?A．LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?B．LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?C.LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?D．LifeEvolves.CanAttempts

toCreateALifeEvolve,Too?C篇Theworldmayhaveanewsupercontinentwithin200millionto300millionyearsasthePacificOceanshrinksandcloses.Res

earchersatCurtinUniversityinAustraliaandPekingUniversityinChinausedasupercomputertomodeltheevolutionofEart

h'stectonicplates(地壳构造板块)andtheformationofafuturesupercontinent.TheirfindingswerepublishedinthejournalNationalScienceReview.“Overthepasttwobilliony

ears,Earth'scontinentshavecollided(相撞)togethertoformasupercontinentevery600millionyears,knownasthesupercontinentcy

cle.Thismeansthatcurrentcontinentsareduetocometogetheragaininacoupleofhundredmillionyears'time，”saidlea

dauthorDr.ChuanHuang,aresearchfellowinCurtin'sEarthDynamicsResearchGroupandtheSchoolofEarthandPlanet

arySciences.Theteam'ssimulationshowedthatduetothefactthatEarthhasbeencoolingforbillionsofyearssinceitsformation,thethicknessandstrengtho

fthetectonicplatesbeneaththeoceanshavereducedovertime.Asaresult,theformationofanewsupercontinentismorelikelytohappenbytheclosingupoft

hePacificOcean.Reducedbyafewcentimetersperyear,thePacificOcean'scurrentreachof10，000kilometerswillcloseu

pinlessthan300millionyears.“TheresultingnewsupercontinenthasalreadybeennamedAmasiabecausesomebelievethatthePacificOceanwillclosewhenAmericacollidesw

ithAsia.AustraliaisalsoexpectedtoplayaroleinthisimportantEarthevent,firstcollidingwithAsiaandthenconnectingAmericaan

dAsiaoncethePacificOceancloses，”Huangsaid.Changesinthedistributionofcontinentsandoceanswillcausechangesinclimates,“particul

arlywhenoceancurrentsarestoppedbycontinentalcollision,ornewoceancurrentsareformedwhencontinentsbreakapart，”saidstudycoa

uthorZheng­XiangLi,distinguishedprofessorinCurtin'sSchoolofEarthandPlanetarySciences.“Earth,asweknow,willbecompletelydifferentwhenAma

siaforms.Sealevelisexpectedtobelower,andthevastinteriorofthesupercontinentwillbeverydrywithhighdailytemperatureranges.”Researchersexpectmoreear

thquakesasthecontinentalplatescollide.Surroundedbyanewsuperocean,thenewlyformedsupercontinentwillalsohavedec

reasedbiodiversity.ScientistsarestilltryingtounderstandEarth'ssupercontinentcycle,whichisdrivenbyheatandgravity.Th

eresearchteamwantstoestablishhowEarth'stectonicplatesstartedandwhenthefirstcontinentsformed,aswellaswhat

kickedoffthesupercontinentcycle.“WeareonlystartingtolookattheentireEarthsystem,fromitscoretoitsatmosphere,asacloselyl

inkedsystemthatevolvedtogether，”Lisaid.8．Whatleadstotheformationofthenewsupercontinent?A．TherisingtemperatureofEa

rth.B．TheexpansionofthePacificOcean.C．Thereducedstrengthofthetectonicplates.D．Theappearanceofmanynewtectonicplates.9．Whatisbelieved

bysomescientistsaboutthenewsupercontinent?A．Theinvolvingparts.B．Itsclimatepattern.C．Thewayitbreaksapart

.D．ItsdistancefromAustralia.10．Whatwillprobablyhappentothenewlyformedsupercontinent?A．Therewillbeariseinsealev

el.B．Therewillbelotsofwaterintheinterior.C．Thevarietyofitslivingthingswillbereduced.D．Itstemperaturewillstaythesameallyearround.11．Whatdoesthelastpar

agraphmainlywanttoshow?A．TheentireEarthsystemfacesanuncertainfuture.B．Theoriginofthesupercontinentcycleishardtotrace

.C．Earth'ssupercontinentcyclewillposeabigthreat.D．Thereismoretodiscoveraboutthesupercontinentcycle.[答题区]题号1234567891011答案二、完形填空Thepandemichasbeena

darktimeformanypeople.However,onemomfoundawaytomakeit__1__notjustforherfamily,butforthousandsof__2__—usingartandsocialmedia.AngieCarelhasalways

loved__3__withherfamily.“WhenIwasasinglemom,wedidalotofartbecauseIcould__4__noneoftheexpensivedigitaldevices.Andwedidartona__5__basis.”Carelt

oldCBSNews.Whenthepandemichitandin­personlearningwas__6__，Carelandherthreedaughtersfoundthemselvesturningto__7__again.“

Everyonewasjustsad.Thenit__8__tomethatIwasgoingtomakethemdraw，”saidCarel.“Isentthema__9__—‘Drawasmilingturtle.Andsh

owmeyourartworkthisevening.’Andtheydidandwewerelaughingsohardateveryone'sdrawing，”Careladded.Thedrawingworkedtoboost

theirmoods__10__anditalsobroughtjoytoothers,becausethey__11__theirsillydrawingsonsocialmedia.Carel'sfriendswantedto__12__，andsoon,shehadawholecommun

ityonline__13__herdrawingprompts(提示).Whenmoreandmorepeoplewereinterestedinherdrawingprompts,she__14__the“Simpl

eDailyDrawing”grouponsocialmedia.Ithasgrowntomorethan8，000members.Carelstartedaskingmemberswhytheywerejoi

ning,__15__theyjustlikedart—buttheanswerssurprisedher.Aftersurveyingthegroup'smembers,sherealizedabout80%ofthepeopleweretheretousetheartformentalhe

alth.1．A.quickerB．largerC．shorterD．brighter2．A.friendsB．relativesC．strangersD．colleagues3．A.drawingB．readingC．writingD．si

nging4．A.operateB．affordC．chargeD．demand5．A.flexibleB．steadyC．personalD．regular6．A.canceledB．condemnedC．advocatedD．arranged7．A.ar

tB．musicC．booksD．stories8．A.broughtB．occurredC．remindedD．indicated9．A.presentB．pictureC．messageD．package10．A.suddenlyB．effectivelyC．formally

D．constantly11．A.publishedB．confirmedC．deliveredD．shared12．A.takeoverB．workoutC．joininD．makeup13．A.f

ollowingB．answeringC．trackingD．checking14．A.discoveredB．proposedC．designedD．created15．A.suggestingB．assumingC．realizingD．insisting[答

题区]1～5________________6～10________________11～15________________