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第四单元测评(时间:120分钟满分:150分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10

秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。W:So,howdidyourdriver’stestgo?Didyougetyourlicense?M:Thiswasn’ttheactualdriver’stest.Todaywasawrittentest.IfIpass,

thenIcantakethedriver’stest.1.Whatdidthemandotoday?A.Hetookawrittentest.B.Hepassedthedriver’stest.C.Hereceivedhisdriver’slicense

.答案AM:Honey,thebeeftastessodifferenttoday.Howdidyoucookit?W:Well,Icookeditwithsomebeer.Ilearneditfromacookerybook.

2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inabar.C.Inarestaurant.答案AW:Oh!IhavetowalkhomenowbecauseIjustmis

sedthebus.M:That’stoobad.Youwouldhavecaughtitifyousetoutabitearlier.3.Howwillthewomanprobablygohome?A.Bycar.B.Byb

us.C.Onfoot.答案CM:Whathappenedtoyou?W:Iwenttothebeachthisweekend,andIgotsunburnt.Iforgottobringmyhatand

sunglasses.M:Oh,I’msorrytohearthat.4.Whathappenedtothewoman?A.Shelostherhat.B.Shegotsunburnt.C.Shebrokehersunglasses.答案BW:Idon’tbelieveawordyou

aresaying.Stoptryingtobenice,andjusttellmethetruth.M:I’mbeinghonestwithyou!WhydoyoualwaysthinkI’mlying?W:Becauseyoualwaystou

chyournosewhenyoulie!5.Whydoesthewomanthinkthemanislying?A.Heisadishonestperson.B.Hisbodylanguagetellsit.C.Shehasalreadyknownthetruth.答案B第二节(共15小题;每小

题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题

。M:Soyouarenewhere?W:Yes,I’dliketobeyoursecretary.M:Whatworkhaveyoudonebefore?W:Iusedtobeanurseforsixy

ears.ThenIworkedinabank.BeforeIcamehere,Iwasamanagerinalargehotel.NowI’masecretary.Youknow,havingbeenasecretaryforne

arlyoneyearandahalf,IthinkI’mnowrichinexperience.M:Oneandahalfyears?InWashington?W:No,IhadworkedinNewYorkfornearlythreeyearsbeforeIcame

herefivemonthsago.6.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Havingaclass.B.Havinganinterview.C.Havingameeting.答案B7.Howlonghasthew

omanbeeninWashington?A.For2years.B.For1.5years.C.For5months.答案C听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。W:Hey,can’tyoubeabitfaster?You’remakingthewholegroupwaitfo

ryou.M:Howcanyoublameitonme?I’mhavingtroubleoperatingthismachine.Itisdesignedforyou,right-handers.W:Youalwayscomplainaboutthesemachines.Butyo

uarenottheonlyoneusingthelefthand.Totellyouthetruth,I’malsoleft-handed.M:Youare?W:Yeah.Youshouldspendsometimegettingusedtoi

tinadvance.Thenyoucandoitquickly.M:OK,Iwilltry.8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Usingthelefthand.B.Operatingmachines.C.Designingmachines.答案B9

.Whoisthemachinedesignedfor?A.Right-handers.B.Left-handers.C.Newcomers.答案A10.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Left-handerscan’trunthemachines.B.Th

ewomanonlyusesherrighthand.C.Thewomanismoreskillfulthantheman.答案C听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。M:Goodevening,madam.MayIhelpyou?W:Yes

,please.I’dliketohaveabiggerroom.Youknow,youdidn’thavebiggeroneswhenIcheckedinbecauseLondonExportCommoditiesFairwasbeingheld,soI’vebeenstayinginas

mallonethesedays.M:Isee.Thefairwasoveryesterday.Nowwedohavevacantbiggerrooms.Whendoyouwanttochangeyourroom?W:Tomorrowevening

.M:I’dliketoletyouknowthatthecheck-outtimeis12:00inthemiddleoftheday.W:Isee.What’stherateforabiggerroom?M:￡40pernight.Bytheway,w

ouldyoulikearoomfacingtheThamesRiveroraroomfacingtheBigBen?W:I’dpreferaroomfacingtheThamesRiver.11.Whatdoesthewomanwa

nttodo?A.Bookaroom.B.Changerooms.C.Checkout.答案B12.Whenisthecheck-outtime?A.12:00atnoon.B.10:00inthemorning

.C.2:00intheafternoon.答案A13.Whatkindofroomdoesthewomanlike?A.OnefacingtheBigBen.B.OnefacingtheThamesRiver.C.Onefacingt

heLondonBridge.答案B听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。M:Hey,Ivanna!How’sitgoing?W:Good!Ihaven’tseenyouforawhile,Frank.Wherehaveyoubeen?M:Ijoinedan

ewclub.W:Really?Likeahealthclub?M:No,aclubforpeoplewhohavethesamehobby.Inmycase,it’ssoccer!Andit’sfun.W:Well,atleastyou’rehavingfun.Studyingforf

inalsistakingupallmytime.AndIhaveajobnow,too.M:Oh,great!Whereareyouworking?W:Atalittlecafédowntown.Myparentstoldmetostopaskingthemformoney,soI’mworki

ngoverthesummer.IopenedmyownbankaccountsoIcandepositwhateverIdon’tspend.M:Wow!You’resomature.Myparentscouldhangasignovermydoortellingmet

hesamething,andI’dwalkrightpastiteveryday.W:Everyoneisdifferent.Youstayingreatshape.M:Yeah,butyoualwaysturnyourhomew

orkinontime.Ineverplanahead.Iforgetaboutituntilthenightbefore.W:Well,Ialwaysdoalittlebitatatime,soIdon’tgetstressedou

t.Maybeyoushouldtrythat.14.WhatdidFrankjustjoin?A.Ahealthclub.B.Asoccerclub.C.Astudygroup.答案B15.Whydidthewoman

getapart-timejob?A.Tohelpherparentswithexpenses.B.Tosaveupforanapartment.C.Tobemoreindependent.答案C16.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Dohishome

worklittlebylittle.B.Helpherwithherhomework.C.Listentohisparentsmore.答案A17.Whatdoesthewomando?A.Sheisabankclerk.B.Sheisastudent.C.Sheisawait

ress.答案B听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。Goodmorning!Beforetheexambegins,I’dliketogooversomeinformationwithyou.Firstofall,thisistheAcademicTe

stofEnglishforInternationalStudents,andthisisRoom405.IfyouareherefortheSAT,pleasegotoRoom204.IfyouareherefortheGRE,gotoRoom307.Okay,then,theres

tofyouareherefortheEnglishtest.So,tobeginwith,youshallnottakeanythingwithyouintothetestingrooms.Thatmean

smobilephones,iPads,pens,paper,pencils,etc..Youwilleachbegivenalockerandakey.Youshouldputallofyourbelongingsinthelockers.Whileyouarewaitingtobecalled

foryourspeakingtest,youshallaskoneofthemonitorsforpermissiontousetherestroom.Onlyonefemaleandonemalecandidatewillbeall

owedtousethefacilitiesseparatelyatatime.Also,onceyournameandnumberhavebeencalled,youmustgodirectlytoyourtestingroom

.18.WhichroomisfortheAcademicTestofEnglish?A.Room204.B.Room307.C.Room405.答案C19.Whereshouldthestudentsputalltheirbelongings?A.Int

helockerswithkeys.B.Onthechairsoutsidethetestingrooms.C.Inthefrontofthetestingroom.答案A20.Whatmustthestudentsdoiftheywanttousetherestroom?

A.Gowithamonitor.B.Waittobecalled.C.Askforpermission.答案C第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读

下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATimeOutNewYork—yourultimateguidetolifeinthecity,helpsyoudiscoverthebesteventsandthingstodoinMarch.Mar3-5:NewYor

kInternationalLiteraryFestivalTheliteraryeventchampionofNewYorkisback!Manybest-sellingauthorsaresettoap

pearatthisyearsfestival,includingtheaward-winningwriterAmyTan(TheJoyLuckClub—thefilmversionofthenovels

tarringMichelleYeoh),InternetbusinessexpertwriterDuncanClark(Alibaba:TheHouseThatJackMaBuilt),theAnthillfounderAlecAsh(WishLanterns)andmanymore.Stayt

unedforourfullfestivalpreviewandauthorfeatures.Mar3-15,varioustimes,20dollarsor35dollars(forliterarylunches).Glam.UntilMar16:Vivie

nneWestwood—GetaLifeThewell-knownfashiondesigneristhesubjectofthiscrossoverexhibitionofAmericancontemporaryartandeco-friendlyfa

shioninspiredbyWestwood’sstrongattitudetowardsaclimaterevolution.ParticipatingartistsalsoincludeAdamLawryandJillSmith.UntilMarch16,fr

eeentry.ChiK/lArtMuseum.Mar17:DogDaySaturdaysOnthethirdSaturdayofthemonth,TheRooster(13thStreet)throwsabackyardPartywher

edogsarewelcome.Therewillbefreehotdogs.5dollarsFlyingDogBeersanddogtreatsforthelittlebuddiesDonationswillalsobecollectedforlocalanimalr

escuegroup—BestFriendsAmerica.Mar17,3-5pm,15dollars.TheRooster(13thStreet).Mar28-29:MomtoMomSaleSellorstock

uponclothes,toys,books,strollersandotherfamilygoodsatthistwice-a-yearmarketorganizedbyNewYorkmotherSellerswillcontribut

e15percentofalltheirprofittoHearttoHeart.Comeandpickupsomeusefulstuffforyourfamily.Mar.28-29,2-6p.m.(Tues.),10a.m.-2p.m.(We

d.)freeentry.NewYorkRacquerClub-clubhouse.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作为城市生活的终极指南的纽约时代杂志,它帮助读者发现三月份发生的重要活动,及提供各活动的相关信息。21.WhowillpossiblyturnupatGlamo

nMarch10th?A.MichelleYeoh.B.JackMa.C.AlecAsh.D.AdamLawry.答案C解析细节理解题。根据Mar3-5.NewYorkInternationalLiteraryFest

ival中的“TheliteraryeventchampionofNewYorkisback!Manybest-sellingauthorsaresettoappearatthisyearsfestival,including...theAnthillfounderAlecAsh”可知,许多畅

销书的作者都将在今年的艺术节上亮相,包括AlecAsh,故选C项。22.Whicheventmightinterestthosewhocareabouttheenvironment?A.NewYorkInternati

onalLiteraryFestival.B.VivienneWestwood—GetaLife.C.DogDaySaturdays.D.MomtoMomSale.答案B解析细节理解题。根据UntilMar16:Vivi

enneWestwood—GetaLife中的“eco-friendly”“aclimaterevolution”等关键词可知,这个活动和环境有关。所以那些关心环境的人会对VivienneWestwood—GetaLife感兴趣,故选B项。23.WhatdotheeventsDo

gDaySaturdaysandMomtoMomSalehaveincommon?A.Participantscansupportcharitywork.B.Participantsareadmittedfre

eofcharge.C.TheyareorganizedannuallyinNewYork.D.Theytakeplaceatthesametime.答案A解析细节理解题。根据Mar17:DogDaySaturdays中的“5dollars

FlyingDogBeersanddogtreatsforthelittlebuddiesDonationswillalsobecollectedforlocalanimalrescuegroup”以及MomtoMomSale中的“...willcontribute15percentofall

theirprofittoHearttoHeart”可知,两个活动的共同点是都可以为慈善事业做贡献,故选A项。B(2020·山东师范大学附中高一月考)Aftertravelingtenyearsandhundredsofmillionsofkilometers,asmallprobe(探测

器)calledPhilaehasforthefirsttimelandedonthesurfaceofacomet,asolarsystemobjectmadeoficeandrock.PhilaewassentfromtheEuropeanS

paceAgency’smainRosettaspaceshipearlyWednesday,November12,2014.Originally,themissionofthespaceshipwastotargetComet46Pbutwhenthelaunchwasdelayeddu

etoproblemswiththeAriane5launchvehicle,themissionwasredirectedtoComet67P,tostudytheappearanceandmaterial

sthatmakeupComet67P.ThePhilaeresearchprobeleftitsmothershipRosettaandthenbeganatriptowardthecometandlandedonitssurfacehourslater.Theeffortto

landonthecometwasconsidereddangerousbecausejustbeforetheplannedlanding,scientistsidentifiedproblemsinPhilae’s

activedescentsystemthruster(推进器)usedtolandtheprobe.RosettahasbeenorbitingComet67PsinceAugust2014.However,itwassentupintospaceinMarchof200

4.Thespaceshipcircledthesununtilitwasinpositiontomeetwiththecomet.Cometsarethemostprimitive(原始的)objectsinthesolarsystem.Scientists

thinkthattheyhavekeptarecordofthephysicalandchemicalprocessesthatoccurredduringtheearlyperiodwhenplanetswereformed.Bystud

yingComet67P’smake-upandhistory,scientistswishtounlockthesecretofthesolarsystemandeventheoriginofhumanlives.ThePhilaeprobedidas

eriesofscientificexperiments.Philaeexaminedthematerialsthatmakeupthecometlookingfororganic,orcarbon-

basedmaterials,andinorganicmaterials.ItlasteduntilMarch2015,whenthecometwastooclosetothesunandthesurfacetemperaturewastooh

ighforPhilaetooperate.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了一个名为Philae航天器历史性地着陆彗星。24.WhatwasRosettalaunchedtodo?A.TosendPhilaetoComet67Psafely.B.Tostudytheappe

aranceofComet46P.C.TocollectinformationaboutComet67P.D.Toresearchonthemake-upofthesolarsystem.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段“themis

sionwasredirectedtoComet67P,tostudytheappearanceandmaterialsthatmakeupComet67P.”可知,此项任务改为降落到67P号彗星,研究67P号彗星的外观和物质构成。由此判断出发射Ros

etta是为了收集彗星67P的信息。故选C项。25.WhywasithardforPhilaetolandonComet67P?A.Duetotechnologicalissues.B.Asaresultofpowerfai

lure.C.Becauseoflackofexperience.D.Duetoproblemsinradiosystems.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段“Theefforttolandonthecom

etwasconsidereddangerousbecausejustbeforetheplannedlanding,scientistsidentifiedproblemsinPhilae’sactivedescentsystem

thruster(推进器)usedtolandtheprobe.”可知,登陆彗星的努力被认为是危险的,因为就在计划的着陆之前,科学家们发现了Philae用于着陆探测器的主动下降系统推进器存在问题。由此可知,Philae很难在67P彗星上着陆是由于技术问题。故选A项。26.Wh

atdoscientiststhinkoftheresearchoncomets?A.Challenging.B.Satisfying.C.Meaningful.D.Impractical.答案C解析推理判断题。根据

倒数第二段“BystudyingComet67P’smake-upandhistory,scientistswishtounlockthesecretofthesolarsystemandeventheoriginofhumanlives.

”通过研究67P彗星的组成和历史,科学家们希望解开太阳系的秘密,甚至人类生命的起源。以及最后一段“ThePhilaeprobedidaseriesofscientificexperiments.Philaeexaminedthematerialsthat

makeupthecometlookingfororganic,orcarbon-basedmaterials,andinorganicmaterials.”Philae探测器做了一系列科学实验。Philae检查了构成彗星的材料,寻找有机或碳基材料和无机材料。由此判断出,

科学家认为对彗星的研究是有意义的。故选C项。27.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.PhilaeLandingonComet67PB.AnotherCometFoundinSpaceC.OneSte

pFurtherinGeographyResearchD.GreatImprovementinSpaceshipDesign答案A解析主旨大意题。根据第一段“Aftertravelingtenyearsandhundredsof

millionsofkilometers,asmallprobecalledPhilaehasforthefirsttimelandedonthesurfaceofacomet,asolarsystemobjectmadeoficeandrock.”以及第二段“t

hemissionwasredirectedtoComet67P,tostudytheappearanceandmaterialsthatmakeupComet67P.”此项任务改为降落到67P号彗星,研究67P号彗星的外观和物质构成。由此可知,短文的最佳标题为“Philae着陆在彗星6

7P上”。故选A项。CBacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesofth

eInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoab

unchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclass,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordon

andDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNAS

Aengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’recloset

oasolution.“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests,”Gord

onsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically,

it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it’sno

taverynicethingattime.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmiss

ionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?Gordonsa

yshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的科研

项目HUNCH,鼓励学生开发创新思维,培养实际生活技能。28.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A.Theyareha

rdtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.C.Theyappeardifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.答案A解析推理判断题

。根据第一段的第二句“Themicroorganismsfromourbodiesgrow...eachweek.”可知,在国际空间站,很难除掉细菌,故选A项。29.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentr

elationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywi

thschooleducation.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.”可知,D项与该意思一致,故选D项。30.WhatdotheNASAenginee

rsdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A.Checktheirproduct.B.GuideprojectdesignsC.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三

段中的“‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-pers

onreview...”可知,NASA的工程师们要亲自检查他们的成果,故选A项。31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronautsB.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC.Nature:AnO

utdoorClassroomD.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform答案B解析主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章的最后一句“Gordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdaily...testinspace.”可知,B

项“太空:最后的作业前沿”作为文章的标题最合适,故选B项。DStepintoMovingtoMars,anexhibitionofMarsmissionandcolonydesignatLondon’sDesignMuseum,andimmediatelyyou

havegoodreasonsnottomovethere.Frighteningglowingwall-textsannouncethatMarswasn’tmadeforyou;thatthereisnolifeandprec

iouslittlewater;that,dressedinaspacesuit,youwillnevertouch,tasteorsmelltheplanetyounowcall“home”.AsLisaGrossmanwrotefo

rNewScientistacoupleofyearsago,“What’sdifferentaboutMarsisthatthereisnothingtodothereexcepttrynottodie”.Itisanoddbeginning

forsuchacelebratoryexhibition,butitprovidesavaluable,darkbackgroundagainstwhichtherestoftheshowcansparkle(闪耀)—ashowthatis,asitschiefmanagerJustinrem

arks,“notaboutMars,thisisanexhibitionaboutpeople”.Movingalong,thereisaquickyetclearflashthroughwhatthescience-fictionwriterRobinsoncalls“

thehistoryofMarsinthehumanmind”.ABabylonianclaytabletandaGreekvasespeaktoearlyideasabouttheplanet.Aposter

fortheoriginalTotalRecallfilmremindsusofMars’spsychologicalthreat.ThemainpartoftheshowisourcurrentplansfortheRedPlanet.Therearerealspacesuitsand

modelsof3D-printedMartiansettlementsandsuitableclothingandfurniture.Missionarchitecturesandengineeringsketcheslinethewalls.Realham

mersmeantfortheInternationalSpaceStationarewall-mountedbesidealow-gravitytablethathasyettoleave,andmayindeedne

verleave,Earth.This,ofcourse,isthegreatstrengthofapproachingsciencethroughdesign:realityandassumption

canbegivenequalvisualweight,drawingusintoaninformedconversationaboutwhatitisthatweactuallywantfromafutureonMars.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明

了伦敦设计博物馆的火星任务和移民地设计展览“搬到火星”的基本情况。32.Whatisthetextmainlyintendedtotellus?A.HowtomovetoMars.B.HowtosurviveonMars.C.WhatpreparationswemadeforMars.D.Wh

attheexhibitionofMarstrulytellsus.答案D解析主旨大意题。根据第一段“StepintoMovingtoMars,anexhibitionofMarsmissionandcolonydesignatLondon’sDesignMuseum,andim

mediatelyyouhavegoodreasonsnottomovethere.”以及文章内容可知,本文主要讲述了伦敦设计博物馆的火星任务和移民地设计展览“搬到火星”的基本情况,故选D项。33.Whatca

nwelearnfromLisaGrossman?A.It’simpossibletoliveonMars.B.It’snogoodsettlingonMars.C.YouhavenothingtodolivingonMars.D.YoucanliveonMarsin

spacesuit.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“AsLisaGrossmanwroteforNewScientistacoupleofyearsago,‘What’sdifferentabout

Marsisthatthereisnothingtodothereexcepttrynottodie’.”可知,从LisaGrossman的话中我们能了解到在火星上生活是不可能的,故选A项。34.Whatdoestheexhibitionfocu

son?A.ThecurrentplansforMars.B.TheadvantagesoflivingonMars.C.TheearlyideasaboutMars.D.ThehistoryofMarsinthehumanmind.答案A解析细节理

解题。根据第五段“ThemainpartoftheshowisourcurrentplansfortheRedPlanet.”可知,展览的重点是关于火星目前的计划,故选A项。35.Whatdoestheauthorwantto

tellusinthelastparagraph?A.Anexperience.B.Anopinion.C.Afantasy.D.Asolution.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“realityandassumptioncanbegivenequalv

isualweight,drawingusintoaninformedconversationaboutwhatitisthatweactuallywantfromafutureonMars.”可知,作者在最后一段想告诉我们一个观点,故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)

阅读下面短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Overthenext50years,wearegoingtosendmoreandbetterrobotstoMars.36Thereisalimittowhatrobotscantellus,tho

ugh,soeventuallywewillhavetosendpeopletostudytheplanet.BeforepeoplecanvisitMars,weneedtoinventaspaceshipthat

cantakeusthere.37DependingonwhereMarsandEarthareintheirorbitsaroundthesun,itcouldtakebetweensixmonthstoayeartogetthere.Themoo

nismuchcloser,andweweretheremorethan40yearsago.Overthenext10years,wearegoingtoworkonbuildinganewspacecraft.38Oncewereturnto

themoon,wearegoingtobuildastationsothatpeoplecanliveandworkonthemoonformonthsatatime.Thisisimportantsothatwehaveaplacetostartfromwhenwewanttovisi

tMars.39Bythetimeyouareoldenoughtobeanastronaut,wewillhavepeoplespendingmonthsonthemoon.Bythetimeyouareold

enoughtobeacommanderofaspacemission,wewillbetakingtripstoMars.Bythetimeyourkidsareoldenoughtobeastronauts,wemayhavepeopleli

vingonMars.Wouldn’titbecooltogetapostcardfromsomeonewhowasbuildingahouseonMars?40A.Marsisveryfaraway.B.Peoplewill

gotoliveonMarsoneday.C.Wouldn’titbecoolerifitwasyouwhosentthepostcard?D.Usingthiscraft,wewillpracticethe

skillsweneedtogotoMars.E.Thoserobotswillsendbackbetterpictures,maps,andweatherreports.F.ItwouldbepossibleforustogotoMarsinaspacec

raftinthenearfuture.G.However,itisalsoimportantbecauseitgivesuspracticewithlivingawayfromEarth.答案与解析【语篇解

读】本文是一篇说明文。在探索火星的过程中,由于机器人本身所限,它们无法告诉人们想知道的一切,因此最终将会有人类登上火星并对它进行研究。36.E根据文章第一句话“wearegoingtosendmoreandbetterrobotstoMars.”可知,选

项E中提到“Thoserobots”,与上文意思自然衔接。37.A根据第二段“itcouldtakebetweensixmonthstoayeartogetthere.”可知,这里谈的是地球到火星的距离,所以A项符合。38.D根据上文的“wearegoingt

oworkonbuildinganewspacecraft”可知,D项中的“Usingthiscraft,...”与此语意相符。39.G上文提到“Thisisimportant...”,G项中的“However,itisalsoimp

ortant...”与上文形成排比关系。40.C解答该题的关键词是postcard,C项“如果发贺卡的人是你那不是更酷吗?”语境相符。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从

每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors(流星)butalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagai

nacts41ourprotectiveblanketonthe42.Lightgetsthrough,andthisisessentialforplantstomakethefoodwhichwe43.Heat,too,makesourenvir

onmentstolerableandsomeultraviolet(紫外线的)rayspenetratethe44.Cosmic(宇宙的)raysofvariouskindscome45theairfromouterspace,

but46quantitiesofradiationfromthesunarescreenedoff.Assoonasmenleavetheatmosphere,theyare47tothisradiation,48theirspacesuitsorth

ewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,49preventalotofradiationdamage.Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplor

ersin50.Dosesofradiationaremeasuredin51called“rems(雷姆)”.Weall52radiationhereonearthfromthesun,fromcosmicraysandfromradioa

ctiveminerals.The“53”doseofradiationthatwereceiveeachyearisabouttwomillirems.It54accordingtowhereyouli

ve,andthisisaveryroughestimate.Scientistshavethereasontothinkthatamancan55farmoreradiationthan0.1remwitho

utbeingdamaged.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。太阳和其他星体的辐射对人类既有利又有弊,大气层对削弱辐射起到了重要作用。41.A.forB.withC.onD.as答案D解析此处表述大气层起到地球保护层的作用。设空处表示“担当,充当”的意思。actas意

为“充当,起……作用”。故选D项。42.A.starsB.sunC.earthD.space答案C解析根据上下文语境可知,大气层起到保护层的作用,保护的应该是地球。故选C项。43.A.useB.liveC.eatD.get答案C解析根据语境及设空前的“food”可知,植物依靠阳

光来制造我们吃的食物。故选C项。44.A.environmentB.spaceC.atmosphereD.earth答案C解析根据上文可知,大气层像毯子一样覆盖着地球,对其起到保护作用,故紫外线所穿透的就是大气层

(atmosphere)。故选C项。45.A.acrossB.toC.fromD.through答案D解析根据语境可知,宇宙的光线从外层空间穿过空气。comethrough“穿透”。故选D项。46.A.validB.enormousC.variousD.proper答案B解析句意:大量的辐射

已被屏蔽。故选B项。47.A.shownB.exposedC.facedD.covered答案B解析句意:人们一离开大气层,就暴露于辐射中。beexposedto“暴露于”,符合语境。故选B项。48.A.butB.becauseC.soD.s

othat答案A解析根据上文“人们一离开大气层就会受到辐射”,以及下文“他们的太空服和太空船的外壁会屏蔽掉大量的辐射伤害”。因而判断前后句之间是转折关系。故选A项。49.A.getB.makeC.haveD.do答案D解析“do+

动词原形”结构用来强调谓语动词。故选D项。50.A.earthB.atmosphereC.spaceD.environment答案C解析根据文章第一句可知,辐射是探索者在太空遇见的最大危险。故选C项。51.A.piecesB.unitsC.partsD.systems答案B解析根据该句的关键信息“

Doses”“measured”以及所给的专有单位名称可推测,此处是指测量单位。故选B项。52.A.receiveB.acceptC.bringD.catch答案A解析receive表示客观收到或接到;accept表示主观接受。我们是受到辐射而非主观接受。故选A项。

53.A.conventionalB.commonC.generalD.normal答案D解析句意:每年受到辐射的正常剂量大约为2毫雷姆。故选D项。54.A.puzzlesB.floatsC.combinesD.changes答案D解析根据常识可知

,所处地点不同,所受辐射量也不一样。故选D项。55.A.putupwithB.keepupwithC.comeupwithD.catchupwith答案A解析根据下文中的“withoutbeingdamaged”可知,此处指的是能够承受的辐射。putupwith意为“忍受”,符合语

境。故选A项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2021·河南焦作第一中学高一期中)ChinaandtheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE)sent56(they)firstspacecraftt

oMarsthisweek.AChinesespacecraftwentintoorbit(轨道)aroundMarsonWednesday.ItfollowedaUAE’sspacecraftthat57(successful)enteredorbitonTuesday.China’sTianw

en-1spacecraftspentsevenmonthsonthetriptoMars58travelednearly475millionkilometers.Tianwen,thenameof59ancientpoem,mea

ns“QuestforHeavenlyTruth”.TheUAE’sspacecraftiscalledAmal.AmalistheArabicwordforHope.ThetripstoMarscomeatatimewhenbothcoun

trieshavemadequickprogressinspaceprograms.China’sspaceprogrambroughtmoonrocksbacktoEarthinDecember.Thatisthefirsttimethataspacecraft60(

return)toEarthwithmoonrockssincethe1970s.Chinawasalsothefirstcountrytomanage61(land)aspacecraftonthelittle-exploredfa

rsideofthemoonin2019.China’sspacecraftwillsendavehicle,calledarover,tolandontheMariansurface.Thegoalistosearchfor62(si

gn)oflifeintheareanamedUtopiaPlanitia,63theU.S.Viking2landerlandedin1976.AlongwithTianwen-1,Amalwilljoinsix

otherspacecraftalready64(operate)aroundMars.Amongthem,three65(be)fromtheUnitedStates.答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文

。本周,中国和阿拉伯联合酋长国向火星发射了第一艘宇宙飞船。文章主要介绍了这艘宇宙飞船的一些情况和这一行动的影响。56.their考查代词。修饰后文名词spacecraft应用形容词性物主代词their。故填th

eir。57.successfully考查副词。修饰后文动词enter应用副词successfully,作状语。故填successfully。58.and考查连词。此处“天问一号飞船在飞往火星的路程上花

费了7个月”与“飞行了近4.75亿公里”为并列关系,应用连词and。故填and。59.an考查冠词。poem为可数名词,此处表泛指应用不定冠词,且ancient是发音以元音音素开头的单词,应用an。故填an。60.h

asreturned考查动词时态。此处为句型“thatisthefirsttimethat+现在完成时”,从句主语为aspacecraft,助动词用has。故填hasreturned。61.toland考查非谓语动词。此处为短语managetodosth表示“设法做成

某事”。故填toland。62.signs考查名词的数。sign表示“迹象”为可数名词,此处前文没有冠词,应用复数形式。故填signs。63.where考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词UtopiaPlanitia,先行词

在从句中作地点状语,故应用关系副词where引导。故填where。64.operating考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知operate在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语spacecraft构成主动关系,故应用现在分词作定语。故填operating

。65.are考查时态和主谓一致。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时,主语为three,谓语动词用复数。故填are。第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)你和朋友李明就太空探索是否值得进行了辩论。李

明认为不值得,他认为太空探索浪费很多钱,这些钱可用来解决一些其他问题。你的看法与他相反。请你据此写一篇短文。词数80个左右。参考范文MyfriendLiMingandIhaveanargumentonwhetherspaceisworthexploring.

LiMingthinksspaceexplorationwastesalotofmoney,whichcanbeusedtosolveotherproblems,suchasstarvationandpollution.However,Ido

n’tagreewithhim.Satelliteshavebeenusedforcommunicationaswellasweatherforecast,whichmakesourlifemoreconvenient.Besides,ifresourcesarefoundonoth

erplanets,theproblemofenergyshortagescanbesolved.SoIthinkspaceisworthytobeexplored.第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两

段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。DrumsinSpaceBrendaBongoswasahappy,artisticgirl,agirlwithonebigambition—toplaythedrumsinaband.Butonebigobstaclelayinherway.Tobe

goodenoughtoplayinaband,Brendahadtopracticealot,butshelivednext-doortoalotofoldpeople—manyofthemsick—inacarehome.Sheknewthatthesoundof

beatingdrumsandcrashingcymbalswouldreallymakethemmad.Brendawasaverygood,respectfulgirl.Shealwaystriedtofindawayofpracticin

gherdrumswithoutbotheringotherpeople.So,shehadtriedplayinginthestrangestplaces;abasement,akitchen,anattic,andeveninashower.Butitwasnog

ood;therewasalwayssomeoneitwouldannoy.However,shedeterminedtopracticeasmuchasshecould.Brendaspentmos

tofhertimeplayingonbooksandboxes,andlookingfornewplacestopractice.Oneday,whilewatchingasciencedocumentaryonTV,sheheardthatsound

cannottravelinspace,becausethere’snoair.Atthatmoment,BrendaBongosdecidedtobecomeasortofmusicalastronaut.Withtheh

elpofalotoftime,alotofbooks,andalotofwork,Brendabuiltaspacebubble.Thiswasabigglassballconnectedtoamachinewhichs

uckedoutalltheairinside.Allthatwouldbeleftinsidewasadrumkitandachair.Brendagotintothespacesuitshehadmade,enteredthe

bubble,turnedonthemachine,and...Sheplayedthosedrumslikeawildchild!Itwasn’tlongbeforeBrendaBongos—“TheMusic

alAstronaut”—hadbecomeveryfamous.Somanypeoplecametoseeherplayinherspacebubblethatshehadtomountapairofspeakerssothateveryonecould

listentoherplay.Shortlyafterwardsshecameoutofthebubbleandstartedgivingconcerts.Herfamespreadsomuchthatthego

vernmentproposedthatsheformpartofauniquespacejourney.注意:续写词数应为150个左右。Finally,Brendawasarealmusicalastronaut.Yearslater,some

oneaskedherhowshehadachievedallofthis.参考范文Finally,Brendawasarealmusicalastronaut.Shehadgonefarbeyondherfirstambitionofplayingdrumsinaband.Notonlyhad

shecarriedoutscientificexperimentsbutshetestedtoplantvegetablesforastronautsinthespacebubble,whichlaidasolidfound

ationforhumanstodoadistantspacejourneytoMars.Andshewongreatfamebecauseofthat.Shesucceededinbearingascientistfromadrum

lover.Yearslater,someoneaskedherhowshehadachievedallofthis.Thinkingforamoment,shesaid,“Ifthoseoldpeoplenextdoorhadn’tmatteredsomuch

tome,Iwouldn’thavedonesomuchtofindasolutiontothedrumnoise,andnoneofthiswouldhaveeverhappened.”Beingconsideratetoothersmaybringyouunexpectedbenefi

ts.