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2023届全国各地名校高三最新英语试题精选速递1.【2023届山东省齐鲁名校高三第一次学业质量联合检测】2.【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄联盟）2022-2023学年髙三第一次联考】3.【2023届安徽省江淮十所名校高三第一次联考】4.【河南省豫东名校20

22-2023学年高三上学期开学摸底联考】5.【湖北省高中名校联盟2023届新高三第一次联合测评】6.【江苏省南通市通州、兴化、泗洪2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次质量监测考试】7.【江苏南京六校联合体2023届高三联合调研试题】8.【湖北省孝感市部分名校2022-202

3学年高三上学期联考英语试题】9.【辽宁六校2022~2023学年上高三初考】10.【河南省九师联盟2022-2023学年高三开学考】11.【浙江省2023届A9协作体暑假返校联考高三英语试题】12.【浙

江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期9月返校联考】13.【湖北省“宜荆荆恩”2023届高三起点考试】14.【江西省省重点校联盟2022-2023学年高三入学摸底联考】15.【云南省昆明市五华区2022-20

23学年高三上学期教学质量摸底检测】专题05：阅读理解说明文/议论文（通用）1.【2023届山东省齐鲁名校高三第一次学业质量联合检测】Researchershavedevelopedanewmethodfortrainingpeopletob

ecreative,onethatshowspromiseofsucceedingfarbetterthancurrentwaysofinspiringcreativity.Thisnewmethod,basedonnarrative(叙述的)th

eory,helpspeoplebecreativeinthewaychildrenandartistsarebymakingupstoriesthatimaginealternativeworlds,changeperspectiv

eandgenerateunexpectedactions.“Thenarrativemethodworksbyrecognizingthatwe’reallcreative,”saidAngusFletcher,whodevelopedthemet

hodandisaprofessorofEnglishandamemberoftheOhioStateUniversity’sProjectNarrative.“Weasasocietycompletelyunder

valuethecreativityofkidsandmanyothersbecauseweareaddictedtotheideathatsomepeoplearemorecreativethanothers.”The

narrativemethodoftrainingforcreativityusesmanyofthetechniquesthatwritersusetocreatestories.Oneistodevelopnewworldsinyourmind.Forexample,employees

atacompanymightbeaskedtoimagineaworldinwhichalltheircustomersarelikethat.Anothertechniqueisperspective-changing.Anemployermightbeas

kedtoansweraproblembythinkinglikeanothermemberoftheirteam.“Creativityisn’taboutguessingthefuturecorrectly.It’saboutmakingyo

urselfopentoimaginingcompletelydifferentpossibilities,”Fletchersaid.“Whenyoudothat,youcanrespondmorequicklyandflexiblytothechangesthatdooccur.”Fl

etcherandhisteamarealsocontinuingtoworkwithneworganizations,suchastheWorthingtonLocalSchoolDistrictinOhio.“It’sbettertohireadiversegro

upofpeopleandthentrainthemtobecreative.Thatcreatesaculturewhichrecognizesthattherearealreadycreativepeoplei

nyourorganizationyouaren’ttakingadvantageof,”hesaid.“ThisnewmethodoftrainingcreativitycouldonlyhavecomefromOhioStateU

niversity’sProjectNarrative,whichisitselfproofofthepowerofcreativity.”8.WhatmaymakethenarrativemethodworkableaccordingtoFletcher

?A.Creatingalternativestories.B.Changingnewperspective.C.Generatingunexpectedtasks.D.Beingawareofourcreativity.9.

Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph4?A.Byusingexamples.B.Bymakingcomparison.C.Byansweringquestions.D.Byquotingtechniques.10.Whatresultisexpec

tedoftrainingcreativity?A.Todevelopaculturegradually.B.Toreacttochangesquickly.C.Tocreatepossibilitiesfreely.D.T

opredictthefuturecorrectly.11.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WaysCanBeAdoptedtoInspireCreativityB.ThePowerofCreativityHasB

eenFoundC.AnyoneCanBeTrainedtoBeCreativeD.AWayIsFoundtoRecognizeCreativePeopleMigratory(迁徙的)birdsaredeclininggloballybecauseofthewaythathumanshav

echangedthelandscapeoverrecentdecades—accordingtonewresearchfromtheUniversityofEastAnglia(UEA).Anewstudypublishedtodayrev

ealsthatpopulationdeclineshavebeengreatestamongspeciesthatmigratetoareaswithmorehumaninfrastructure—roads,buildings,powerlines,win

dturbines(涡轮机)—aswellasmorepopulationandhuntinglevels.Dr.JamesGilroy,fromUEA’sSchoolofEnvironmentalSciences,said

,“Weknowthatmigratorybirdsareingreaterdeclinethannon-migratoryspecies,butit’snotclearwhy.Wewanttofindoutwhereintheirlifecyclesthesemigratoryspeciesar

emostexposedtohumanimpacts.”Theresearchteamidentified16human-inducedthreatstomigratorybirds,includinginfr

astructureassociatedwithbirddisturbanceandimpacts,transformationoflandfromnaturalhabitattohumanlanduse,andclimatechange.Advancesins

atelliteimageryallowedtheteamtomapeachofthe16threatsacrossEurope,AfricaandWesternAsia.Theteamalsocreate

dthefirsteverlarge-scalemapofhuntingpressureacrosstheregion.Atotalof103speciesofmigratingbirdswerestudied,includingmanyrapidlydecliningspe

ciesliketheturtledoveandthecommoncuckoo,usinglarge-scaledatasets.Theteamcalculatedthreatscoresforfactorssuchash

abitatlossandclimatechange,acrossbreedinglocations,aswellasnon-breedingranges.Theythenexploredtherelationshipsbetweenthesethreatscor

esandbirdpopulationtrendscalculatedfrom1985to2018bythePan-EuropeanCommonBirdMonitoringScheme(PECBMS).Dr.AldinaFranco,alsofromUEA’sSc

hoolofEnvironmentalSciences,said,“Ourfindingsareimportantbecauseweneedtounderstandwheredecliningspeciesarebeingmostimpactedbyhumansacross

theirseasonalmigrations.Locatingwherebirdsaremostexposedtothesethreatscouldhelpustargetconservationactions.”12

.Whatcausesmigratorybirdstodecrease?A.Alongermigratoryroute.B.Seriousindustrialpollution.C.Illegalhuntingfromhumans.D.Thechangingofland

scape.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“infrastructure”inparagraph2referto?A.Basicsystemsandservices.B.Localtransportation.C.Int

ernetfacilities.D.Powersupplies.14.Whatdoesparagraph4talkabout?A.Theresultsofthestudy.B.Thepromiseofthestudy.C.Theprocessofthestudy.D.Thedatabaseo

fthestudy.15.WhatisthepurposeofstudyingmigratorybirdsaccordingtoDr.AldinaFranco?A.Toraisepeople’sawarenessofprotectingbirds.B.Too

fferadvicetodoconservationworkprecisely.C.Tostressthenecessityofincreasingbirdpopulation.D.Tostatethei

mportanceoflivinginharmonywithnature.2.【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄联盟）2022-2023学年髙三第一次联考】Beforeyouworryaboutbaconandhowmuchitmaycostwhennewanimalwelfarel

awsgointoeffectnextyear,let’stalkaboutthepigsthatgavetheirlivesforit.Californiahasbeenontheforefrontofprotectinganimalswholiveshortlivesonf

actoryfarmseithertoproducefoodforusortobeslaughteredandsoldasfood.ThelatestadvancecameinNovember2018,when62.7%ofthestate’svoterssupportedPro

position12,thePreventionofCrueltytoFarmAnimalsAct.Thelawbegangoingintoeffectlastyear,requiringhensandvealcalvesto

begivenmorespacetolivein.StartingonJan.1st,thelawwillrequirethatalleggssoldinCaliforniacomefromcage-freehensandthatporksoldinthestatecomef

rombreedingpigsthatarenotheldincages.Thesearehumanestepsdesignedtolifttheseanimalsoutofstructuresthatbarelyallowthemtomove.Porkproducers

havehadthelongesttimetocomply(遵守).SomebigcompanieslikeHormelFoodshavepledgedtodosofully,butothershavespentthelastfewyearsfig

htingthelawratherthanfiguringouthowtoputitintopractice.TheysaythatthelawwillsignificantlyraisethepriceofporkandthatitviolatestheCommerc

eClauseoftheConstitution,whichgivesCongresssolepoweroverinterstatebusinessactivity.Sofar,thatfighthasbeenawasteoftimethatporkpr

oducerscouldhavebetterspentfiguringouthowtoretrofit(翻新)theirfarms.Theyalsocomplainthattheregulationsonthelawarenotset.ButtheCaliforni

aDepartmentofFoodandAgriculture,whichhasyettofinalizetheregulations,saysthatthedelayshouldnothavepreventedproducersfromretrofittingtheirhousingforb

reedingpigs.Theagencyhaspubliclyposteddraftregulations,whichmostlyconcernrecord-keeping,certificationanddefinitionso

fterms.Forfansofbaconandotherpork,anyriseincostisthepriceofnothavingapigsufferbeforeit’skilledforfood.It’sa

pricetheanimalsshouldn’thavetopay.28.WhatdoweknowaboutProposition12?A.Thelawwillcomeintoforcenextyear.B.Morespaceisrequiredforraisingh

ensandpigs.C.Raisinghensandpigsinlimitedspaceishumane.D.Halfofthestate’svoterssubscribedtoProposition12.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pledged”inpara

graph3mean?A.Suspect.B.Refuse.C.Promise.D.Hesitate.30.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Someporkproducershaveraisedthepriceofpork.B

.Alltheporkproducersdon’tcomplywiththelaw.C.Porkproducershavewastedalotoftimeretrofittingtheirfarms.D.Porkp

roducersresisttheCommerceClauseoftheConstitution.31.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor'sattitudetothenewanimalwelfarelaws?A.Skepti

cal.B.ConservativeC.Tolerant.D.Favorable.TinaBrigham,a50-year-oldstoreownerfromasuburbofWashington,DC,wrestledwiththepuz

zleswhilewaitingforcustomers.“Ifit’sa30-minutepuzzle,Itrytofigureitoutin12,”shesaid.Afterseveralyears,shefoundshecouldeasily

puttogetheremployeeworkschedulesinherhead.Alotofstoresuseanelectronicschedulingtool,butIhaveallthedatainmymind,”shesaid.“Ithinkmybrainse

emssharperandmorefocusedbecauseofthegame.”Thegamesdoseemtowork.Inone2020study,GarySmall,chairofpsychiatryatHackensackUniversit

yMedicalCenter,foundthat1,091womenandmenwhofrequentlyplayedcards,bingo,ordidcrosswordpuzzleshadsharperthinkingandmemoryskills—e

quivalenttoanIQupto5.6pointshigher—thanthosewhorarelydid.Thestudydoesn’tprovethatthepuzzlesdirectlyledtothehigherIQs,butitdoess

howthatevenpeoplewhoincreasedtheirgame-playingintheir70sseemedtogetbrainbenefitswithinafewyears.Exact

lyhowgamessharpenmemoryandcognitivefunctionisstillsomethingofamystery.Butadvancesinneuroimaging(神经影像学)al

lowresearcherstostudyhowthebrainreactstoallsortsofoutsidestimulation.Smalllaterincluded60womenandmencompletingLatin

squares.Asthepuzzlesgrewmoredifficultwithfewerclues,playerssloweddownandmademoremistakes.That’swhenhediscoveredsomethingsurprising:Moreregionso

fthebraingotinvolved,especiallyintheprefrontalcortex(前额叶皮质区)，anareainvolvedwithproblem-solving,judgment,andmemory.Smallsuggestst

hatifyoufindyourselfdebatingwhethertospendthenext20minutestakingawalkorplayingabraingame,youshouldchoosethewalk.Physica

lactivitycanhelpdeliveroxygenandfueltoyourbraincells.“Ifyoudoonethingtohelpyourbrain,I’dsayit’sexercise.”hesays.“Gettinggoodsleepandkeepabala

nceddietarealsoimportant.Braingamesworkbestaspartofawholepackageofbrain-healthystrategies.Andremember:Alittlefunneverhurts.32.Howdoestheauthorint

roducethetopicinparagraph1?A.Bysharingastory.B.Bycomparingfacts.C.Byreportfindings.D.Bypresentingfigures.33.Wh

atcanweknowfromGarySmall'sstudy?A.PuzzlesdirectlyleadstohigherIQs.B.Peopleintheir70sbenefitmorefrombra

ingames.C.Howgamessharpenmindshasnotbeenclearlyunderstood.D.Physicalactivitiesplayanequallyimportantroleaisbraingames.

34.Whydoestheauthormentiongoodsleepandahealthydietinthelastparagraph?A.Toadvocategoodsleepandabalanceddiet.B.Toadvisewhatweshoulddotokeephe

althy.C.Tostresstheimportanceofgoodsleepandahealthydiet.D.Toexplainthatbraingamesfunctionbestaspartofbr

ain-healthystrategies.35.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Puzzlesmakebrainssharpandfocused.B.Physicalacti

vitiesplayanimportantroleinsharpthinking.C.Braingamesarebeneficialtomemoryskillsandcognitivefunction.D.Sharpmemoryandcognitivefunctiondep

endlargelyonbraingames.3.【2023届安徽省江淮十所名校高三第一次联考】Acontactlens(隐形眼镜)thatcanreleaseadrugifitdetectshighpressurewith

intheeyehasbeencreatedbyscientistswhosayitcouldhelptreatglaucoma.Glaucomaisaneyediseasethatinvolvesdamagetotheopticnerve

,andcanleadtoblindnessifnottreated.AccordingtothecharityGlaucomaUK,themostcommonformofthedisease,knownasprimaryopenangleglaucoma,isthoughtt

oaffectalmost10%ofpeopleolderthan75.Thisformisgenerallycausedbyincreasedpressurewithintheeye,usuallyasaresultofabuildupoffl

uid.ResearchersinChinarevealedtheyhavedevelopedacontactlensthatcansenseanincreaseinpressurewithintheeyeandreleaseananti-glaucomadrugifthepres

suretranscendsacertainlevel.WritinginthejournalNatureCommunications,theteamdescribehowtheycreatedthedeviceusinganupperandlowerle

ns,withasnowflake-shapedpressuresensorandwirelesspowertransferdevicesandwichedbetweenthemaroundtherimofthelenses.Whenthepre

ssureinsidetheeyeincreases,thegapbetweentheupperandlowerlensesdecreases.Thisisdetectedbythepressuresensorbymeansofacant

ilever.Thesensorthensendsasignaltothewirelesssystemwhichsubsequentlytriggersthereleaseofananti-glaucomadrug,fromahydrogelattachedto

anelectrode,andenablesittocrossthecorneaoftheeye.Thedrug,brimonidine,actstoreducethepressurewithintheeye.Thestudyrevealsthatt

hecontactlenseshavesofarbeentestedonpigs’eyesandontheeyesoflivingrabbits—albeitwithsmaller-sizedlenses—althoughtrialshaveyettobe

carriedoutinhumans.Theresearchersnotethelensesarenotonlysoftandminimallyinvasivebutarealsobattery-free,addingthattheapproachcouldbeexpandedtohelpt

ackleothereyediseases.ProfZubairAhmedfromtheInstituteofInflammationandAgeingattheUniversityofBirmingh

amwhowasnotinvolvedinthework,saidtheresearchwaspotentiallyveryexciting,addingthatariseinpressurewith

intheeyewasasignificantproblemformostpeoplewithglaucoma.“Thematerialsrequiredtocreatesuchcontactlensesareinexpensiveandsooncouldbemass-produced.”hea

dded.12.Whocanprobablygethelpfromthecontactlens?A.Thosewhoareblind.B.Thosewhohaveglaucoma.,C.Thosewhoareolderthan75.D.Thosewho

areunderheavypressure.13.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedword“transcends”inparagraph3?A.Exceeds.B.Maintains.C.Lowers.D.Balances.14.Ho

wdidtheteamcreatethedevice?A.Bycrossingthecorneaoftheeyeandthensendingasignal.B.Byenlargingthegapbetweentheupperandlowerlenses.C.Byusi

ngbrimonidinetoincreasethepressurewithintheeye.D.Byemployingpressuresensorandwirelesspowertransferdevice.15.Whatcanwelearnabou

tthecontactlenses?A.Theyaresafebuttoocostly.B.Theyhavebeentestedonhumans.C.Theywillbeputonthemarketsoon.D.Theyneedtobeusedwithba

tterypower.4.【河南省豫东名校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学摸底联考】CColorcanaffectmoods,emotionsandevenactions.Thisincludes

sleepandhealth.Inancientcultures,colortherapyisevenusedasamethodofhealing.Thecolorbluehasbeenthoughttostimulate(促进)asleepstate.Exposure

tobluelightcanhelplowerbodytemperatureandbloodpressure.Adecreaseinbloodpressureandbodytemperatureisthepreparationthatsignalstothe

bodythatit’stimetosleep.Therefore,seeingthecolorbluewhenyouarereadytorestmaycausetheresponseandhelpyoufallasle

epmoreeasily.Whilethereismuchevidencethatblueisthebestchoiceforyourbedroomwalls,it’sreallythetonethatinfluencesyo

ursleep,notthecoloritself.Deepblueorotherneutral(中性的)toneswillevenmakeasmallbedroomseemmorespacious.Whilesoftcolorsandearthtonesarethemostc

almingandrestfulbedroomcolorsforsleep,brightcolorspreventyourbrainactivity.Thesecolorsstimulatebrainactivityandstopyoufrom

fallingasleep.Whilemanyparentspainttheirchildren’sroomswithbrightcolors,it’sbettertochoosefun,playfulcolorsingentletonestoencouragethe

irkidstogotosleep.Lightyellow,greenandblueareallamazingchoicestopaintyourchildren’sbedroom.Whatyoushouldrememberisthatneverpaintyourbedroomwall

spurple!Purplestimulatescreativethoughtandcanleadtoextremelyvividnightmares.Otherbadchoicesforbedroomcolorsincludebrightredsandbrightoranges.Thesecol

orsstimulatethebrainandincreaseenergy.Forexample,redcausespassion,increasesenergyandmayevenhelpyoumovemorequickly.Itmaybeabetterchoic

eforyourhomegymthanforyoursleepspace.Regardlessofthesizeofyourroom,thereareafewtonesthatwesuggestforcreatingahealthyspacefordeepsleep.T

hemostimportantfactoristhatyoufeelrelaxed,calmandrestfulintheroom.Youshouldalsokeepyourbedroomfreefrommessasmuchaspossibleandkeepitclean.Inyourbed

room,sleepshouldbeyourmainfocus.8.Whatistheeffectthecolorbluehasonpeople?A.Itcancausehighbloodpressure.B.I

tcankeepthebrainactive.C.Itcanadjustthesleepstate.D.Itcancoolthebodydown.9.Whichcolorcanhelpmaketheroomlooklarger?A.Lightgrey.

B.Deeppink.C.Deepred.D.Orange.10.What’sParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Waystomakesureofgoodsleep.B.Badcolorsforthebedroom.C.Colorandbr

ainactivities.D.Theadviceonhealth.11.Whatplaysakeyroleinsleep?A.Theroomisdecoratedwell.B.Theroomisfreefromrubbish.C.Theroommakesyoufeelatease.D.The

roomshowsdifferenttones.DThesoundsoftheNorthernLightshavebeenamysterytoscientistsforoveracentury.Butnowitseemsthataresearcherhasfiguredouthowa

uroras(极光)reallymakesounds.“Ithasprettymuchbeenconfirmedallovertheworld,”historianFionaAmerysaid.“InCanada,NorwayandRussia,theya

reallhearingverymuchthesamesounds.”“Theaurorascanoccurhundredsofkilometersabovetheground,whichstrengthensopinionsthattheirsoundsareju

stafalseimpression,”saidFiona.Manyscientistsarguedthataurorasweretoofarawaytohearandthatanysoundwouldtakeseveralminutestoreachthe

ground,soitwasimpossibleforthemtochangeintimewiththeauroras.However,otherscientistswereconvincedthattheNorthernLightsreallymadenoises.Inthe1920s,Ca

nadianastronomerClarenceChantfirstsuggestedamechanismbywhichtheycouldoccur:Themotionoftheauroracausedchange

sintheelectrificationoftheatmospherethatcreatedcracklingsoundsclosetotheground.Almost100yearslater,Clarence’ssugg

estionseemsclosetowhatcouldbethetruereasonforthesounds.In2012,anexpertnamedUntoLaineshowedarecordingofauroralsoundsaft

eryearsofmonitoringauroras.In2016,heannouncedthemechanismthatmakesthesounds:aninversionlayer(逆温层)ofcoldairin

theatmospherethatcanformbelowanauroraandashortdistanceabovethegroundincalmweather.Untoarguesthatvisiblechangesintheauroracausechange

sintheinversionlayer,causingaccumulatedelectricitytodischargeassparks(火花)thatcreatesoundsthatcanbeheard.Thatexplainshowthe

soundscorrespondwiththeaurora’svisiblemovements—theybegintohappenintheinversionlayeronlyabout75metersabovetheobserver.

12.WhatarethewordsFionasaidinParagraph2mainlyabout?A.TheexistenceofthesoundsoftheNorthernLights.B.TheneedtomakefulluseoftheNorthernLights.C.

TheproblemscausedbytheNorthernLights.D.ThecauseoftheNorthernLights.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutClarence’ssuggestioninthe1920s?A.Itmatche

dalotofoldideas.B.Itwaswellrecognizedthen.C.Itmightbeofgreatvalue.D.Itwasatotalfailure.14.Howdoesthea

uthorconveyhisideainthetext?A.Bylistingresearchnumbers.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byprovidingexplanations.D.Bygivi

ngexamples.15.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.CanWeEnjoytheNorthernLights?B.DotheNorthernLightsMakeSounds?C.WhySh

ouldWeStudytheNorthernLights?D.HowDotheNorthernLightsComeintoBeing?5.【湖北省高中名校联盟2023届新高三第一次联合测评】CTherearemanysourcesofdebateonalongToadtrip

,includingrouteselection,thechoiceofsnacks,and,probablymostimportantly,whattoPlayontheradio.Findingawayforallpartiestolistentothei

rownaudiowithouttheneedforheadphoneshasbeenagoalofcarmakersfordecades,andscientistsmayhavefinallymanagedit.AteamfromtheUniversit

yofLeMansinFrancecarefullypositionedmicrophones,speakersandfilters（过滤器）tocreatepersonalisedsoundzones(PSZs)insideacar,andthesmallregionsarewhe

resoundfromasetofspeakerscanbeheardclearly.Outsidethese,itcannotbeheard.Onebarrierwhichscientistshavepreviouslybeen

unabletoovercomewastheimpactofmovingone’sseat.TheywereabletoformaPSZ,butunabletomoveittofollowapersoniftheymovedtheseatforwardsorbackwards.TheF

renchteamcreatedanewalgorithm(算法)specificallytotacklethisissue,whichhandlesthesoundwavestocreate“bright”and“dark”zonesinthecar.“Loudspeakersareplace

dintheheadrests,andspecificfiltersforeachtransducer(换能器)arecalculatedtoreproduceasoundsignalthatmaintainsgoodqualityinthezoneunder

considerationandisstronglyweakenedinotherzones.”saidDrLucasVindrola,theauthorofthestudy.“Thekeytothetechniqueworkingprope

rlyishavingsufficientmicrophonesplacedaroundthecartodetecthowmanypeopleareinthecarandwheretheyaresitting.Thepricetopayistoha

vecontrolmicrophonesinthepassengersection,sothatthealgorithmcanwork.”However,thetechniqueisnotyetreadytobecommerci

allyrolledoutasaluxuriousoptionalextrajustyet,asitcurrentlyworksonlyforalimitedrangeoffrequencies.28.Whatwasonceachallengeforscient

ists?A.PSZscouldhardlybeformed.B.Thesoundofmovingaseatisloud,C.Theycouldn’tcreatemovablePSZs.D.Theseatscouldn’tbemove

dbackandforth.29.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Howtheimpactofmovingone’sseatwasaddressed.B.Whyenoughmi

crophonesareplacedaroundthecar.C.Whenthealgorithmcanworkwellforallpassengers.D.Where“bright”and“dark”zones

arecreatedinthecar.30.Whatcanweinferaboutthenewtechnique?A.Itcurrentlyworkswithoutlimitation.B.Ithasbeenputintousecommer

cially.C.Itcanfunctionwellwithenoughmicrophones.D.Itiscostlytodetectthepositionofmicrophones.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.

Tolaunchanewdebate.B.Totackleanoldproblem.C.Toadvertiseanalgorithm.D.Tointroduceanewtechnology.DSeveraldaysagoSpanishfashionbrandZarasparkedafeedeb

ateafterreleasingitslatestcampaignfeaturingaChinesemodelwithfreckles（雀斑）.Actually,therearesomedifferentbe

autystandardsbetweentheEastandtheWest.InEastAsia,frecklesmightbeconsidereda“destructiveweakness”forcelebrities,especiallyactorsorsinge

rs.Althoughnormalpeopledon’tcarethatmuch,subconsciouslytheymightprefera“clean”face.Generallyspeaking,frecklesaremorelikely

toappearifpeopleareoutinthesunfrequently,andmostEastAsianwomenavoidthesunasbesttheycan.Havingfreckles,inst

ead,isatrademarkforunconventionalbeautyintheWesternworld,andsomecallfreckles“angelkisses”.Formostwesterners,havingfrecklesisnolonger

justsomethingyouhavetolivewith;instead,itissomethingtobedesired.Afterall,noteveryoneisluckyenoughtohavefreckles.Whenitcome

stoeyeshapes,itseemsWesternandChinesebeautystandardsdon’tseeeye-to-eye.ManyChinesethinkgirlswithbigeyesarethemostbeautiful.Iftheireyesha

veadoublefoldeyelid,thatisconsideredperfect.However,mostforeignersseemtopreferChinesegirlswithslanted（斜的）andnar

roweyesandeyebrows.ChineseknownmodelLyvYanisoftenconsideredthecountry’smostbeautifulbyforeigners,whilequiteafewChinesepeoplethinkherappear

ancedoesn’tfitwithtraditionalbeautystandards.Young,girlyfeatureorhotandmaturefeature?ZhaoLiyingfromChina,Araga

kiYuifromJapanandLimYoon-AfromSouthKoreaenjoyhighpopularityinAsia,astheyboastbrightfaceswithwarmsmiles,whichwinthemlotsofmalefans.Thethree

youngcelebritiesrepresentAsia’sbeautystandards:womenwithcute,girlyfeatures.MostwomeninAsiatrytheirbesttostayyo

ungaccordingly.UnlikeChinesegirls,Westerngirlsthinkamorematurelookshowsindependenceanduniqueness.ThesuperheroWonderWo

manisanidealtypeformost.AstiescontinuetogrowbetweenChinaandtheWest,itisunavoidablethatthesebeautystandardsde

velop.Butonething’sforsure—nomatterhowyoulook,youarewhoyouare,andthatshouldbesatisfactionenough.32.Whatdomostwes

ternpeoplethinkofhavingfreckles?A.Itissomethingunbearable.B.Itisadestructiveweakness.A.Itissomethingtowishfor.D.Itisasymb

oloftraditionalbeauty.33.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“seeeye-to-eye”meaninParagraph4?A.Havethesameopinion.B.Recognizetheirstrengths.C.Misunderstandeach

other.D.Argueagainstoneanother.34.Whydowesterngirlsprefertoappearmature?A.Theythinkthisbeautystandardisbetter

.B.Theywanttolookindependentandunique.C.TheyhopetohavehighpopularityinAsia.D.TheyadmireWonderWomanverymuch.35.Whatdoesthet

extmainlytalkabout?A.WhatZara’sbeautystandardis.B.WhyChinesepeopledon’tlikefreckles.C.Whatcausesthedifferentbeautystandards.D

.Howeasternersandwesternersthinkofbeauty.6.【江苏省南通市通州、兴化、泗洪2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次质量监测考试】CAnewstudyfocusedonbirdse

xamineshowthemovementsofriversintheAmazonhavecontributedtothatarea’sexceptionalbiologicaldiversity.Theresearchteam,ledbytheAm

ericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,foundthatassmallriversystemschangeovertime,theyspurtheevolutionofnewspecies.Thefindingsalsorevealprevio

uslyunknownbirdspeciesintheAmazonthatareonlyfoundinsmallareasnexttothesedynamicriversystems,puttingthema

thighriskofextinction.ThelowlandrainforestsoftheAmazonRiverbasinharbor(藏匿)morediversitythananyotherecosystemontheplanet.Itisalsoagloballyimportan

tbiome(生物群落)containingabout18percentofalltreesonEarthandcarryingmorefreshwaterthanthenextsevenlargestriverbasinscombined.Researchershavelongwond

eredandhotlydebatedhowtheAmazon’srichbiodiversityaroseandaccumulated.“EarlyevolutionarybiologistslikeAlfredRusselWallacenoticedthatmanyspeciesofprima

tesandbirdsdifferacrossoppositeriverbanksintheAmazon,”saidthestudy’sleadauthorLukasMusher.“Moreover,

accumulatinggeologicalevidencehassuggestedthattheseriversarehighlydynamic,movingaroundtheSouthAmericanlandsca

peoverrelativelyshorttimeperiods,ontheorderofthousandsortensofthousandsofyears.”Toinvestigatehowthemo

vementofriversacrossthelandscapehasinfluencedtheaccumulationofbirdspeciesintheAmazon,theresearcherssequencedthegenomes(基因组)ofsixspeciesofAmazonianbi

rds.Becausetheseriversmovearoundthelandscapeatdifferenttimescales,theirmovementscanhavevaryingoutcomesforbirdspecies:w

henriverrearrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdsoneachsidecancombinebeforethey’vehadtimetodiffer;whenriverchangeshappenslowly,spec

ieshavealongertimetodivergefromoneanother.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spur”inParagraph1mean?A.Stimulate.B.Renew.C.Pursue.D.Interrupt.9.Whatha

veresearchersdebatedon?A.WhattheAmazon’sbiodiversityindicates.B.HowtheAmazon’sbiodiversitywasformed.C.W

hethertheAmazonhastherichestbiodiversity.D.WhyAmazonbirdspeciesareatriskofdistinction.10.WhatcanweconcludefromLukasMusher’

swords?A.TherearesixspeciesofAmericanbirds.B.RiversmoveveryslowlyinSouthAmerica.C.Mostspeciesdifferacrossopposite

Amazonriverbanks.D.RivermovementmayleadtotheAmazon’sbiodiversity.11.WhathasinfluencedthechangeofbirdspeciesintheAmazon?A.Thelocationofrivermovement.B

.Thepopulationsofbirds.C.Thespeedofrivermovement.D.Theamountofthegenomes.DChina’sfirstgroupofe-sportsmajorgraduateswillemergeinth

esummerof2021,withdatashowingthateventhoughthismajorhasbeenunderestimatedbythepublic,thefutureappearspromisingastherear

ehundredsofthousandsofrelatedjobsavailable.AftertheMinistryofEducationdecidedthat“electronicsportsand

management”shouldbelistedincolleges’majordepartmentsinSeptember2016,around30Chineseuniversitieskickedofftheire-sportsmajorcoursesinthesameyea

r,tomeettheneedsoftheriseofe-sportsrelatedindustriesintheChinesemarket.“Themajorisdesignedtomeetthedemand,”s

aidZhengDuo,co-founderofTianjinHeroSportsManagementandavisitingprofessorfromtheCommunicationUniversityofChina(CUC).Chinesepassion

fore-sportsisnotindoubt,withmorethan18,000e-sportscompaniesregisteredasof2021,accordingtocorporatedatabase

Qichacha.Thenumberofe-sportsusersinChinareached500millionin2021,andthemarkethadavalueofmorethan145billionyuanasof2

020,accordingtoChineseconsultinggroupiResearch.Meanwhile,theindustrychainisbecomingmorecomplete.Jobsinareassuchassupervisionandcontentproductionr

equiretalentandtraining.Thenumberofavailablejobsisestimatedat500,000,andcouldreach3.5millioninthenext

fiveyears,accordingtoChina’sMinistryofHumanResourcesandSocialSecurity.Well-knownuniversitiessuchasCUCandtheShanghaiTheatreAcademyhaverespondedt

othecountry’scallandarepreparinggraduatesforthee-sportsmarket.Yetnoteverymajorgraduateisqualifiedforthepositionsavailable,asthejobsnormallyreq

uirepracticalexperience,whichissomethingalotofgraduateslack.Industryinsidershaveindicatedthate-sportsisanindustrywithrapiditera

tion(迭代),andsomecompaniesprefertohirepeoplewithexperienceinsteadofspendingtimetrainingrecruits.Roughlyhalfofthegraduateswillenterthegamingi

ndustry,saidXiaoPi,ane-sportsmajorgraduatefromCUC.“Someoftherestwillpursuefurtherstudiesfortheirmaster’sdegree.

”“Eventhoughe-sportsmajorshaveadvantagesinfindingjobs,studentsneedpracticalexperiencetobettersuitthedifferentpositions,”saidGuLiming,presid

entofPerfectWorldGames.12.Whatdothepublicthinkofe-sportsmajorsaccordingtothetext?A.Theydon’texistinjobmarkets

.B.Theydeserveapromisingfuture.C.Theydon’thaveawideappeal.D.Theyreplacemanyothermajors.13.Whydiduniversitiess

tarttooffere-sportsmajorcoursesin2016?A.Theyhadgreatpassionforelectronicsports.B.Theywantedtorespondtothepub

lic’scall.C.Theyhadthepotentialfore-sportscourses.D.Theywantedtomeetthesocialdemands.14.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A

.E-sportshavealargedatabase.B.E-sportsseealarger-scalemarket.C.E-sportsgetadvicefromiResearch.D.E-sportsarisefromacompletechain.

15.Whatdoe-sportsgraduatesreallyneedtobebetterqualifiedforthepositions?A.Thefiercecompetition.B.Familiarit

ywithmarkets.C.Practicalexperience.D.Amaster’sdegree.7.【江苏南京六校联合体2023届高三联合调研试题】TouristsvisitingtheCanaryIslan

dscanoftenhearlocalscommunicatingoverlongdistancesbywhistling—notatune,buttheSpanishlanguage.Thelocalsarecommun

icatinginSilbo,amuchmorewidespreaduseofwhistledlanguages.Inatleast80culturesworldwide,peoplehavedevelop

edwhistledversionsoftheirlocallanguageswhenthecircumstancescallforit.Whistledlanguagesarealmostalwaysdevelop

edbytraditionalculturesthatliveinmountainousregionsorindenseforests.That’sbecausewhistledspeechcarriesmuchfartherthanordinaryspeech

orshouting,saysJulienMeyer,alinguistwhoexploresthetopicofwhistledlanguages.Skilledwhistlerscanreach120decibels(分贝)—louderthanacarspeaker.Asaresult

,whistledspeechcanbeunderstoodupto10timesasfarawayasordinaryshoutingcan.Thatletspeoplecommunicatewhentheycannotgetcloseenoughtoshout

.Whistledlanguagesworkbecausemanyofthekeyelementsofspeechcanbeimitatedinawhistle.Wedistinguishonespeechsoundfromanotherbyminordiffer

encesintheirsoundfrequencypatterns.Whistlerscanexpressallofthesedistinctionsbyvaryingthepitch(音高)oftheirwhistle.A

ndtheskillcanbeadaptedtoanylanguage,eventhosethathavenotraditionofwhistling.However,whistledlanguagesared

isappearingrapidlyallovertheworld,andsome—suchasthewhistledformoftheTepehualanguageinMexico—havealreadydisappeared.Modernizationisla

rgelytoblame,saysMeyer,whopointstoroadsasthebiggestfactor.“That’swhyyoustillfindwhistledspeechonlyinpla

cesthatarevery,veryremote,thathavehadlessaccesstoroads,”hesays.Fortunately,thereisstillarayofhope.UNESCOhasl

istedtwowhistledlanguages—SilbointheCanaryIslands,andawhistledTurkish—aselementsoftheworld’sintangibleculturalheritage.Suchattentioncanleadtoconserv

ationefforts.IntheCanaryIslands,forexample,Silboisnowtaughtinschools.“Ifpeoplehadn’tmadethateffort,Silbowouldprobablyhavedisappeared,”saysMey

er.There,atleast,thefutureofthewhistledlanguagelooksbright.28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutSilbo?A.Itisanendangeredtune.B.Itisem

ployedtoentertaintourists.C.Itisusedinmorethan80cultures.D.ItisawhistledversionofSpanish.29.Whatarewhist

ledlanguagesmainlyusedtodo?A.Passonsecretinformation.B.Getmessagesacrossoverlongdistances.C.Imitatethesoundpatternsofo

therlanguages.D.Showminordifferencesbetweenspeechsounds.30.WhyarewhistledlanguagesdisappearingaccordingtoMey

er?A.Lackofskilledteachers.B.Contactwithmodernity.C.Difficultyinlearningthem.D.Popularityofofficiallanguages.31

.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofSilbo?A.Uncertain.B.Dissatisfied.C.Optimistic.D.Uncaring.8.【湖北省孝感市部

分名校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考英语试题】CAppleshavealwaysplayedasignificantyetdiverseroleinhistory.Todayapplescontinuetoastonishinmedicinewithheadlinesreportingtha

tanappleadayreallydoeshavehealthbenefits.In2013,researchersinOxfordsuggestedthateitheranappleadayorast

atin(akindofdrug)seemedtobeequallysuccessfulatpreventingheartattacksandstrokesinpeopleovertheageof50.EPICstudy,on

eofthebiggeststudiesofitskind,involveshalfamillionpeopleandlooksattheeffectsofeatingfruitandvegetablesondis

ease.Participantsconsumingatleasteightportionsadayhadanastonishing22%lowerriskofheartdisease,andrisksofsomecancerswereslightlyre

duced.However,othercancerswereunaffected,andtherewasnorealeffectondiabetes.Howmightthehumbleapplebedeclaringwaronheartdisea

seandcancer,twoofourbiggestkillers?Theanswermightlieinpolyphenols(多酚)inapples,whichisusefulforprotectingthefruitfromdiseaseandalsogivingitcolora

ndflavor.Theyhavethepotentialtoprotectourbodybyreducingbloodstickinessandcholesterol(胆固醇)levels.Severalstudiesalsos

howareductioninbloodpressurewhenmorefruitandvegetablesareeaten.Furthermore,applescontainafibrecalledp

ectin(果胶)whichstickstocholesterolinthebody,slowingtheirabsorption.Whatisclearisthattheappleisacomplexmixofcomponents,

workingtogetherforthegoodofourhealth.Butcanweeatenoughapplesadaytokeepthedoctoraway?Eatingtoomanymaynotbeagoodidea,especiallywithariskoflastingexposu

retolowlevelsofpesticide.Somepeopleareevenallergictoapples,andtheycanwearawayouterlayeroftooth.TheDepartmentofHealth’sadvicetoconsume“5

-a-day”(includingbothfruitandvegetables)mightbearealisticstartingpoint.,8.Whichofthefollowingdotheresearchersagree

with?A.Anappleadaycansuccessfullycureheartdiseases.B.Eatingfruitandvegetablescanreducediabetesgreatly.C.Applesandmedicinehavesimilareffectinsomecase

s.D.Thoseeatingappleshavealowerriskofallcancers.9.Whyarepolyphenolsandpectinmentionedinthetext?A.Tomakeacomparison.B.Togiveadvic

eonhealth.C.Totellwhatapplescontain.D.Toclarifyhowappleswork.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“5-a-day”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Anappleandfivevegeta

blesperday.B.Fiveapplesindifferenttimeseveryday.C.Twoapplesandthreevegetableseveryday.D.Fiveportionsoffruitandvegetablespe

rday.11.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Atravelbrochure.D.Anursingreport.DEmergi

ngeconomiesstruggledtogrowthroughthe2010sandpessimismcoversthemnow.PeoplewonderhowtheywillpaydebtsduringtheCOVID-19andhowtheycangr

owrapidlyastheydidinthepastinaneraofdeglobalisation(去全球化).Thefreshestofmanyanswerstothisissueisthefast-spread

ingdigitalrevolution.Thedigitalrevolutionisalreadyasprogressiveinemergingeconomiesasdevelopedones.Amongthetop30nation

sbyincomefromdigitalservicesasashareofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),16areintheemergingworld.Indonesia,forexample,isfurtheradvancedb

ythismeasurethanFranceorCanada.Andsince2017,digitalincomehasbeengrowinginemergingcountriesatanaverageannualpaceof26percent,comparedwith11percenti

nthedevelopedones.Howcanitbethatpoorernationsareadoptingcommondigitaltechnologiesfasterthantherich?Oneexplanationish

abitanditsabsence.Insocietiesfilledwithphysicalstoresandservices,customersareoftencomfortablewiththemandslow

toabandontheproviders.Incountrieswherepeoplehavedifficultyevenfindingabankoradoctor,theywilljumpatthefirstdigitaloptionthatcom

esalong.Outsidershaveahardtimegraspingtheimpactdigitalservicescanhaveonunderserved(服务不足的)populations.Nationslackinginschools,hospitalsan

dbankscanquicklybridgethesegapsbyestablishingonlineservices.Thoughonly5percentofKenyanscarrycreditcards,mo

rethan70percenthaveaccesstodigitalbanking.It’searlydays,too.AseconomistCarlotaPerezhasshown,techrevolutio

nslastalongtime.Innovationslikethecarandthesteamenginewerestilltransformingeconomieshalfacenturylater.Now,thefading

eraofglobalisationwilllimitthenumberofemergingmarkets,buttheeraofrapiddigitisationhasonlyjustbegun.This

offersmanydevelopingeconomiesarevolutionarynewpathtocatchupwiththelivingstandardsofthedevelopedworld.12.Wh

atcanweknowaboutthedigitalrevolution?A.Itincreasespeople’sdebtsindeglobalisation.B.Itpreventsemergingeconomyfromdevelopi

ng.C.Itadvancesinemerginganddevelopedeconomies.D.ItdevelopsmostrapidlyinIndonesiaintermsofGDP.13.Wherearepeoplemorewillingtoacceptdigitalser

vices?A.Ineconomieslackinginonlineservices.B.Incountriesshortofbasicphysicalfacilities.C.Innationswithadequatestoresandse

rvices.D.Insocietieseasytoaccessdoctorsandbanks.14.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofdigitisation?A.Stable.B.Hopeful.C.Depressing.D.

Challenging.15.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Digitaltechnologysavesemergingeconomies.B.Deglobalisationlimitstechnologyrevolutions.C.E

mergingeconomiesstruggleinthepandemic.D.Digitalrevolutiongrowsbetteringlobalisation.9.【辽宁六校2022~2023学年上高

三初考】CSomeoftheworld’sbestCoffeaarabicaisgrownonMountKenya.Thisvarietyoftheplantproducesbeansthataretastierth

anthosefromitspoorcousin,Coffeacanephora(knownasrobusta),whichoftenendsupininstantcoffee(速溶咖啡).However,global

warmingmayreducethetotalareathatismostsuitedtogrowingarabicabeansbyabouthalfby2050.Somefarmersaretryingtoadapttowarmingbymovinguphi

ll.Yetthispushesthemintoareaslongusedforgrowingtea.Notonlyistherelessspacehigherup;themovestresseshowwarmingalsothreatenstoharmtheteacrop,w

hichsupportsabout10%ofKenya’spopulation.Warmerweatherwillpushteaitselfhigheruparea.Kenya’sgovernment-fundedCoffeeResearchInst

ituteistryingtofindotherwaysofhelpingfarmersadapt,suchasencouragingthemtoplanttreestoshadetheircoffeebushes,ortogrowha

rdier(适应性更强)robustaplants.Itisalsotryingtoplantahybrid,Arabusta,whichwouldcombinethehardinessofrobustawiththeflavourofarabica.Coffeesnobsmaytu

rnuptheirnosesatit,buttheymayhavenootherchoices.However,suchadaptationsmaybringsocialcosts.Manysmallholderfarmersareat

riskofbeingpushedoutoftheindustryaltogetherbecausetheycannotaffordthemoneyneededtoprotecttheircrops.Anothero

ptionmaybeentirelynewvarieties.ResearchersinLondonarestudyingawildtypeofcoffee,Coffeastenophylla.Itisdelicious

andcanalsotaketheheat.Butitproduceslowerharvestthanexistingvarietiesanditmaybeyearsbeforeitiswidelygrown.Without

abreakthroughofsomesort,caffeineaddictsmayfaceafuturetoounpleasanttoimagine.“Ifwedon’thavetheinnovation(创新

)torespondtoclimatechallenges,”VernLongofWorldCoffeeResearchsays,“we’rejustgoingtobedrinkingman-madecoffee.”8.In

whatwayisCoffeaarabicabetterthanCoffearobusta?A.Flavor.B.Harvest.C.Hardiness.D.Sales.9.Whatdoestheunderlined“it”refertoinParagraph3?A.Robusta.B.A

rabica.C.Arabusta.D.Stenophylla.10.Whatmightbetheimpactofthegovernment’spolicy?A.Goodmoneywillbebrough

tin.B.Theareasofteacropwillbereduced.C.Thecostofcoffee-plantingmaydrop.D.Smallholdercoffeefarmersmaydisappear.11.Wha

t’sthepurposeofthistext?A.Togivesuggestionstocoffeefarmers.B.Torecommendnewvarietiesofcoffee.C.Tointroducecoffeeindustryun

derthreat.D.Tolistpossiblesolutionstoclimatechanges.DContraryto“popularopinion”,thescientificpursuitforknowledgeisno

tapredictableprocess.Tomakenewdiscoveries,researchersneedthefreedomtobecreative,fail,andlearnbychance.Thisaspectissimilartoart.ThisiswhyWageni

ngenscientistslooktoartistsforinspirationandexchangeideasabouthowtoincreasecreativefreedom.“Scienceandartaretwodifferentwaystomakesomethingunderstand

able.Theybothprovideaperspectiveonreality,”saysBiochemistryProfessorDolfWeijers.“Fromtheoutside,theresearchprocesslooksveryformalandtheartisticproces

slookssomewhatmessy.Butthescientificprocesscanalsounfoldinanunpredictableway.”“Scientistscanlearnalotfromartists,”saysWeij

ers.“Associationandcreativityarecentraltoart.Thoseaspectsrequiremoreattentioninscienceasthecreativeproces

sisthekeyofscience.”“Asascientist,youusedifferentmethods,butitisequallyabouthowyouvisualize(可视化)yourunderstandingofrealityandt

heconnectionsthatthereare.Thisissometimesjustasvisualasart,”saysWeijers.Oneexampleisarecentspecialproj

ectinwhichWeijersandhiscolleagueJorisSprakel,professorofPhysicalChemistryandSoftMatter,measuredtheforcesthatactonplantcells.Amole

cular(分子的)sensorwasusedtovisualizethedifferentforces.Theyshowedtheresultsincolorfulimages,eachrepresentingadifferentforce.Whatscienc

eandartalsohaveincommonisthattheyaretopicsofdiscussioninsociety.Therearepeoplewhosaythattheydonotvalueartandpeo

plewhomistrustscience.Weijerssays,“Itoftencreatesthewrongimpressionbecauseonlytheresultsofscientificstudiesarepresented,andpeopledonothaveanyinsi

ghtintotheprocessleadingtodiscovery.Asascientist,youaredoubtedifyousaythatsomethingisdifferentafewyearslater.Thenyouarevieweda

sunreliable.Butwhatisoftenpoorlyunderstoodisthattherearenofinalresultsinscience.Whatwescientistscana

chieveinthecomingperiodistoprovidemorechancesforpeopletofocusontheprocess.Personally,Ithinkthattheconnectionwithartcanhelptoleadthefocusonthepr

ocessthantheresult.”12.Whatmightbethe“popularopinion”aboutthescientificdiscovery?A.Itiscreative.B.Itcanbeaccidental.C.Itallows

failures.D.Itispredictable.13.InDolfWeijers’sview,theartisticprocess_________.A.totallydiffersfromthescientificoneB.normallylooksformalandcontrolledC

.offersinspirationforscientificresearchD.focusesonputtingthemessyinorder14.WhydoestheauthormentionDolfWe

ijers’sresearchonplantcells?A.Toprovethatsciencecanbevisualizedlikeart.B.Tostressthatunderstandingscienceisdifficult.C.Toshowtheval

ueofhisscientificachievements.D.Totellobviousdifferencesbetweenscienceandart.15.WhatdoesDolfWeijerssayaboutscientificstudies?A.Theyhavel

ittletodowiththediscoveries.B.Theirprocessshouldbemoreopentopeople.C.Theyalwayspresentunchangedfinalresults.D.Theirfocusisnottheprocessbutthere

sult.10.【河南省九师联盟2022-2023学年高三开学考】Climatesciencehasbeenrapidlyadvancinginrecentyears,butthefoundationswerelaidhundredso

fyearsago.Inthe1820s,FrenchscientistJosephFouriertheorizedthatEarthmusthavesomewayofkeepingheatandthattheatmo

spheremayplaysomerole.In1850,AmericanscientistEuniceNewtonFooteputthermometers(温度计)inglassbottlesandexperimentedwithplacingthemin

sunlight.Insidethebottles,Footecompareddryair,wetair,N2,O2andCO,andfoundthatthebottlecontaininghumidairwarmedupmoreandstayedhotterlongerthantheb

ottlecontainingdryair,andthatitwasfollowedbythebottlecontainingCO2.In1859,IrishscientistJohnTyndallbeganmeasuringh

owmuchheatdifferentgasesintheatmosphereabsorb.Andin1896,SwedishscientistSvanteArrheniusconcludedthatmoreCO2

intheatmospherewouldcausetheplanettoheatup:Thesefindingsplantedsomeoftheearliestseedsofclimatescience.Thefirstcriticalbreakthroughhappene

din1967whenSyukuroManabeandRichardWetheraldconnectedenergyabsorbedbytheatmospheretotheairmovementverticallyoverEart

h.Theybuiltamodelwhichfirstincludedallthemainphysicalprocessesrelatedtoclimatechanges.Thepredictionsandtheexplanationsbasedontheirmodelstillholdtr

ueintherealworldalmosthalfacenturylater.Themodelwasimprovedinthe1980sbyKlausHasselmannwhoconnectedshort-termweatherpatternswit

hlong-termclimatechanges.Hasselmannfoundthatevenrandomweatherdatacouldyieldinsightintobroaderpatterns.“Thegreatestuncertaintyinthemodel

remainswhathumanbeingswilldo.Figuringitoutis1,000timesharderthanunderstandingthephysicsbehindclimatechanges

,”Manabesaid.“Therearemanythingswecandotopreventclimatechange.Thewholequestioniswhetherpeoplewillrealizethatsomethingwhichwillhappenin20or30

yearsissomethingyouhavetorespondtonow.”So,it’suptoustosolvetheproblemthatthesepioneershelpedtheworldu

nderstand.12.Whatdoestheword“humid”underlinedinparagraph2mean?A.Cool.B.Cold.C.Dry.D.Wet.13.WhatisKlausHasselmann’scontribu

tiontoclimatescience?A.HefoundthatCO2causesglobalwarming.B.Heinventedauniquemeasuringinstrument.C.HeimprovedManabeandWetherald’smodel.D.He

builtareliablemodelonclimatechange.14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thebiggestproblemwiththeclimatemodel.B.Thenecessityforhumanbeingstotakeactio

nnow.C.Thechallengeofunderstandingclimatechange.D.Measurestobetakentopreventclimatechange.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.N

egativeEffectsoftheGlobalWarmingB.HistoricBreakthroughsinClimateScienceC.MainCausesLeadingtoClimateChangeD.DifficultiesofPreventingClimateCha

nge11.【浙江省2023届A9协作体暑假返校联考高三英语试题】CKatherineRooks,aDenver-basedwriter,hadsenthersonatextmessageaboutcominghomefromschool."Icouldt

ellfromhisresponsethathebecameupsetsuddenlyinourthread.Andwhenhecamehome,hecameoverandsaid,'Whatdidyoumeanbyth

is?"Rookswasconfused."SowelookedatthetexttogetherandIsaid,'Well,Imeant,seeyoulater,orsomething.Idon'trememberexactlywhatitsaid.

'Andhesaid,'Butyouendedwithafullstop!Ithoughtyouwerereallyangry!"Rookswasn'tangry,andsheexplainedtohersonthat,well,pe

riodsarehowyouendasentence.Butintext-messaging—atleastforyoungeradult-periodsdomorethanjustendasentence:theyalsocans

etatone.GretchenMcCulloch,alinguist,saidthatwhenitcomestotext-messaging,theperiodhaslostitsoriginalpurpose.Butthatdoesn'tm

eantheperiodhaslostallthepurposesintext-messaging.Nowitcanbeusedtoindicateseriousnessorasenseoffinality."Butcautionisneeded,"s

aidMcCulloch,notingthatproblemscanstarttoarisewhenyoucombineaperiodwithapositiveemotion,like"sure"or"soundsgood".Aperiodcanaccidentallysetato

ne.ArecentstudyconductedbyBinghamtonUniversitypsychologyprofessorCeliaKlinconfirmedthis.Researchersaskedundergraduat

estoevaluateatextexchangethatincludedaninnocentquestionandtheanswer"Yes".Somesaw"Yes"withaperiodandsomesawthewordwithout.Theyfoundconsistentlythr

oughmanyexperimentsthat"Yes"withaperiodresultedinresponsesthatweremorenegative.Sopeoplethought"Yes"w

ithaperiodwaslessfriendly,lesssincere,andsoon."Ireallydon'tlikegettingtextmessagesthatendinperiodsbecausei

talwaysfeelssopassive-aggressive,"saidJuanAbenanteRincon,24,asocialmediamanagerforAdidas."Like,areyoumad?What'sgoingon?Like,didIdosomethingwrong?"K

linsaidthisdemonstrateslanguageisconstantlychanging."Languageevolutionhashappened;it'llcontinuetohappen,

andisn'titgreatthatwe'resolinguisticallyflexibleandcreative?"28.WhydoesthetextbeginwithKatherine'sconflictwithherson?A.Toleadintheuse

ofperiodintexting.B.Toemphasizethegreatpowerofwords.C.Toshowyoungsters'attitudestowardstexting.D.Tosuggestth

erightuseofpunctuationmarks.29.WhyisJuanAbenanteRinconmentionedinthetext?A.Tomakeassessmentsontherecentstudy.B.T

oconfirmthefindingsoftherecentstudy.C.Toputforwarddoubtsabouttherecentstudy.D.Toshowgreatoppositionfortherecents

tudy.30.WhatisCeliaKlin'sattitudetowardsthechangesinthemeaningsoffullstops?A.Disapproving.B.Conservative.C.Worried.D.Positive.31.Whatcanbethesu

itabletitleofthepassage?A.FullStops:BeOriginalB.FullStops:BeCautiousC.LanguageEvolution:BeFlexibleD.LanguageEvolution:BeConsistentDTheBeijingW

interOlympicsandParalympicssawmanyexcellentathletescompeteontheiceandsnow,promptinganenthusiasmforwintersportsinChina.In

fact,thecountryhashadadeeprelationshipwithwintersportssinceancienttimes,withskiingoriginatingintheAltayprefectureofXinjiangUygurau

tonomousregion.In2005,cavepaintingsofAltaypeoplehuntingonskiswithpoleswerediscovered,whicharchaeologistsestimatedcouldbemorethan10,000yearsold.S

incethen,Altayhasbeenrecognizedbymanyasoneofthebirthplacesofskiing,accordingtoXinhua.Asoneoftherichestcollectionsofan

cientrockartinChina,thereareherdsofcamels,sheep,wolvesandhumanfigures.ThepaintingontheroofofacaveinDundebulakevillageo

fAltayprefecturedepictshumansonskis,bendingtheirkneesastheytravelalongsideanimals,includingdeerandmo

ose.TherockartinDundcbulakeiswellpreservedbecausethepictographs(象形文字)arewellhiddeninthecave.Additionally,Alta'sdryclima

tehasbeenausefulpreservingagent,accordingtoa2016researchpaperpublishedbytheHebeiNormalUniversity.Uniquegeographicalandclima

ticconditionsmakeskiinganindispensablepartoflocalpeople'slives.TheclimateinAltayismildandnottoowindy,sosk

iersarelessaffectedbyweatherconditions,allowingthemtosafelymovefaster.Unlikethemodemskisweusenowadays,furskishavebeenusedasameansoftransport

ationforthesnowfieldinhabitantsofAltayformorethan100centuries,accordingtorockcarvingsuncoveredinthearea.Making

skishasbeenatraditionalskill.Thehandmadeskishavealayerofhorseskin.Thefuronthehorseskincanhelpdecreasefriction(摩擦力)whentheyslid

edownthehill,whiletheskisalsopreventskiersfromfallingwhentheywalkup.Atthesametime,theyhaveawoodenstickinhandtokeepbalance,accordingtoC

hinaDaily.Furskicompetitionshavebeenheldannuallybythelocalgovernment.Manylocalswoulddisplaytheirmaneuver

s(高超的移动)atthecompetitions.32.WhichofthefollowingisevidencethatAltayisoneofthebirthplacesofskiing?A.Alt

aypeopleworeskistohuntanimals.B.Themodemskisareverysimilartofurskis.C.Localpeoplehaveusedfurskisforalongtime.D.Humanso

nskisweredepictedincavedrawings.33.WhathavefurskisbeenusedforinAltaysinceancienttimes?A.Hunting.B.Transportation.C.Competition.D.Entertainment

.34.Howdoeshorseskinbenefitskiers?A.Ithelpsthembettercontroldirections.B.Itmakesthemslidemorecomfortably.C.It

helpsthemslidedownsmoothly.D.Ithelpsthemkeepsteadywhilesliding.35.Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?A.TheoriginsofskiinginAltay.B.Theancientrock

artfoundinAltay.C.ThedevelopmentofskiinginChina.D.ThecurrentpopularityofskiinginAltay.12.【浙江省七彩阳光新高考

研究联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期9月返校联考】Whetheryou'reacitizen,consumerorinvestor,itisfastbecomingakeylifeskilltomakeoutgreenwashing,awordmeaningacom

panyclaimsthatitsproductsareenvironmentallyfriendlybutactuallynotgreenatall.Misleadingornotprovedclai

msaboutbenefitstoclimatecanmakeitharderforpeopletomakeinformeddecisions.Theycanalsoweakenrealeffortsbycompaniestocleanuptheiractanddealw

iththeclimatecrisis.Thebasicproblemisalackofclarity.Indeed,whenitcomestospottinggreenwashing,itcanactuallybemorehelpf

ultofocusonthecolorgrey—becauseitisthemanygreyareasthathavehelpedmakegreenwashingappearinparticularpl

aces.Thesegreyareasmightbearoundmeasurements,definitions,bestpractice,standardsorregulations.Eventhelanguageweuseisveryimprecise,leavinglotsof

roomforvagueness,confusionorcompletecheating.Forinstance,whatdowordssuchas“green”,“sustainable”and“e

co”evenmean?Youhavenostandards,measurementsordefinitionstojudgeby.Theseproblemsareincreasinglyimportantwhenitcomestoth

egreenwashingofinvestmentproducts,suchaspensionsandinvestmentfunds.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasharpriseinconsumerdemand

forfundsthatinvestaccordingtoenvironmental,socialandgovernancecriteria,oftenreferredtoasESGfunds.Accordingto

thefinancialdataproviderMorningstar,thevalueofassets(资产)heldinUKfundsgrewfrom£29bnatthebeginningof2017to£71bnbytheendof2020.

Withthatmuchmoneyatriskforhighprofits,misleadingclaimscaneffectivelyhampertheflowofmoneyandresourcesi

ntoreallygreennewplansandbusinesses,preventingglobaleffortsfromdealingwiththeclimateemergency.“Idescribeit

asthe'teenageyears'ofresponsibleinvesting,withalotofexperimentation,andalotofpeopletryingoutnewthings.”says

AshleyHamiltonClaxton.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalledgreenwashing?A.Aproductthatisclaimedtobenefittheclimate.B.Aproductthatcanbeenwashedi

nagreenway.C.Aproductthatisabsolutelyenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Aproductthatisclaimedtobegreenwhilenotthecase.5.What's

themajorcauseoftheproblemofgreenwashing?A.Theproduct'sdescriptionisnotclear.B.Thelanguageisn'tgrammaticallyright.C.Therearenos

uchwordsas“sustainable”.D.Thecompanydoesn'tsayit's“green”and“eco”.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hamper”probab

lymean?A.putB.clarifyC.stopD.divide7.Whatcanyouinferfromthelastparagraph?A.MuchmoneyenableshighprofitsB.Responsibleinvestingisstillatitsearly

stage.C.Moremoneyisinvestedinrealgreenbusinesses.D.Alotofpeopleareunwillingtotryoutnewthings.Harvestingdrin

kingwaterfromwetairaroundtheclock?Nowthistechnologyisclosetothetheoreticalidealaim.Asreal-worldtestsontheroofofanETHbuil

dinginZurichrevealed,thenewtechnologycanproduceatleasttwiceasmuchwaterperareaperdayasthebestcurrentpassivetechnologies:thesmallex

perimentalsystemwithapane(一格玻璃)diameterof10centimetersdelivered4.6millilitersofwaterperdayunderreal-worldconditions.Largerdeviceswithlargerpaneswou

ldgeneratemorewaterasaresult.Theresearchersdemonstratedthatunderidealconditions,theycouldharvestupto0.53decilitresofwaterpersquaremeterof

panesurfaceperhour.“Thisisclosetothetheoreticalmaximumof0.6decilitresperhour,whichisphysicallythegreatestamount.”IwanHäch

lersays.HeisadoctoralstudentinDimosPoulikakos's(ETHZurich)ThermodynamicsGroup.Othertechnologiestypicallynecessitatewipingcon

densed(冷凝的)waterfromasurface,whichrequiresenergy.Withoutthisstep,alargeportionofthecondensedwaterwouldholdontothesurfaceandbe

comeunusable,preventingfurthercondensation.TheETHZurichresearcherscoatedtheundersideofthepaneintheirwaterconden

serwithanovelsuperhydrophobic(extremelywater-resistant)coating.Asaresult,thecondensedwaterbeadsupandrunsorjumpsoffonitsown.“Unlikeothertec

hnologies,ourscantrulyfunctionwithoutanyadditionalenergy,whichisasignificantadvantage,”Hächlersaid.Theresearchers’goalwastocrea

teatechnologyforwater-stressedcountries,particularlydevelopingandemergingeconomies.Theybelievethatnowisthetimeforotherscientiststof

urtherdevelopthistechnologyorcombineitwithothermethods,suchaswaterdesalination,toincreasetheiryield.Thecoatingofthep

anesisrelativelysimple,andlargerwatercondensersthanthecurrentpilotsystemshouldbepossible.Severalwatercondens

erscouldbepositionedsidebysidetopiecetogetheralarge-scalesystem,similartohowsolarcellshaveseveralmodulessetupnexttoeachother.8.Whyarethenumbers

usedinParagraph2-3?A.Toshowthestrengthsofthepresenttechnology.B.Toexplainthetheoryofanewwatercollectingdevice.C.Todemonstratethegre

atdifficultytheresearchersmet.D.Tomakevividtheclose-to-idealefficiencyofthenewtechnology9.What’stheuniquea

dvantageofthenewtechnology?A.Itusesadevicetowipeoffcondensedwater.B.Itenablesthewaterdropstorunoffbyitself.C.Itconsumesaverysmallamountofenergy.D.It

hastheupsideofthepanespeciallycoated.10.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.ThenewtechnologyhasbeenputintouseB.Others

cientistshavebeenimprovingthedevice.C.Developedcountriesareingreatneedofthisdevice.D.Itmaytakesometimetofurt

herdevelopthetechnology.13.【湖北省“宜荆荆恩”2023届高三起点考试】CThoughitseffectsarenotalwaysvisibletothehumaneye,pl

asticischokinglifeonEarth.Theprocessformanufacturingplasticworsensclimatechange,andthespreadingofplasticintheenvironmenthasledto

heartbreakingsights.Thentherecameadaydream:Canwecreatesomethingthatwillconsumeit?Anewstudysuggeststhatanenzyme(酶)whic

htargetspolyethyleneterephthalate(PET)—awidely-usedsubstancefoundinamajorityofconsumerpackagingproductsthatconta

ins12percentofallglobalwaste—couldmakethatscientificdream,whichisalsonecessity,intoareality.Thekeyingre

dientwasnnaturalenzymeknownasPETase,accordingtothepaperpublishedinthescientificjournalNature.Usingamachinelearningmodel,scientistsattheUniversityofTe

xasfiguredoutwhatchangeswouldcausetheenzymetobeabletoquicklybreakdownthetargetedtypesofplasticwaste.“Ithasbeenawell-exploredpr

obleminmanyindustries,”HalAIper,aprofessorinChemicalEngineering,said,“Therefore,wefeelthatthispartoftheprobl

emiseasilyachievableinashortperiodoftime.Themorechallengingaspectwillbemakingenzymebreakdownonalargescalewithmixedplasticswaste.”Thiswasnotthefirs

tefforttosolvetheplasticpollutionproblem.InMarch2016,Japaneseresearchersfoundabacteriathatwould“eat“theplasticuntilitturne

dintosludge(泥浆).Lastyear,scientistsattheUniversityofEdinburghannouncedthatE.Coli,acommonbacterium,couldbeuse

dtochangePETintoakindofmaterial,whichmightbeabletobesafelyconsumedbyhumans.JoannaSadler,abiotechnologyprofessoratt

heUniversityofEdinburgh,characterizedthenewenzymeasthe“fastestenzymereportedtodate”intermsofthespeedofbreakingdowndifferentplastics.“Thisma

kesitaverypromisingtechnologicaldevelopmentinthefield,anddemonstratesthebetteradaptedusageofthisenzyme,”

Sadlersaid.8.What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainauniquephenomenon.B.Tostimulatethereaders’curiosity.C.Toanalyzethecauseofthe

situation.D.Toprovidesomebackgroundinformation.9.Whatisthechallengingproblemscientistsarefacing?A.Turningthescientificdrea

mintoareality.B.Causingtheenzymetoworkmoreeffectively.C.Puttingamachinelearningmodelintopractice.D.Makingtheenzymediss

olveplasticsmassively.10.WhyaretheexamplesmentionedinParagraph6?A.Toevaluatethescientists’previousefforts.B.Tointroducesomes

imilarbiologicalmeans.C.Toprovethepossibilityofrecyclingplastics.D.Tostresstheimportanceofplastic-eatingbacteria.11.WhichwordbestdescribesSad

ler’sattitudetotheenzyme?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Optimistic.D.Critical.DIthasbeenknownforsometimethatchildrenareabletolearnatbreathtaking

speed.Buthowdoesitwork?That’swhatresearchershavenowfoundout.Usinganartificialintelligencetoolandaneye-trackerthattracks

themovementsofababy’seyes,scientistsfromtheThundersResearchInstituteforBrain,CognitionandBehaviorinvestigatedoneofchildren’sgreatestmysteriesandcame

toasurprisingconclusion.Itmayseemverydifferent,butbabiesarecertainlynotlyingaroundrandomly.“Babiesdon’texplor

etheworldbychance,withtheireyesfallingonit.Babieshaveastrategyiftheywanttounderstandtheworld.First,theylookforthosepiecesofinfor

mationthatallowthemtounderstandotherinformationfasterandmoreefficiently.Onthecontrary,iftheyseeanobjectoreventfromwhichtheycanlearnnothingfurther,the

ysimplyrejectit.Onlytheinformationusefultothem,theyselect.”saysDrFrancescoPoli.Thatsoundseasier,evenforababy,thandone.Buthowdo

esababyknowwhatisimportantandwhatisnot?“Let’stakeagoodexample:learningtotalk.Whatweseeasalwaysisthatbabieswhoareabouttosaytheirfirs

twordbegintoinvestigateafewweeksbeforehowtousetheirmouthstotalk.Insteadoflookingattheeyesinfaces,theystudycarefullyforweeksthemouths

ofthepeoplewhotalktothem.Sotheyareinaconstantstateofmaximumlearningcapacity!”“Babiesbuildtheirknowledge.Theyarelikelittlescientistswholiketoseetheir

ideachallenged.Forexample,theylearnveryquicklythatobjectsfalldownanddon’tjustdisappear.Andthisiswhytheylovebubbl

es(泡沫)somuch:theydofloatupandthendisappear!”12.Whatisthesurprisingconclusionaboutchildren?A.Theyexploretheworldpurposefully.B.

Theyareattractedtoallinformation.C.Theyarebreathtakinglyfastlearners.D.Theypossessexceptionalintelligence.13.Whatdoestheunderl

inedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A.Studyingfurther.B.Observingtheworld.C.Learningstrategically.D.Understandinginformation.14.Whycanbubblesfascinat

ebabiesgreatly?A.Theymakelittlescientists’lifecolorful.B.Theychallengebabies’existingcognition.C.Theyprovewhatbabie

shavejustlearned.D.Theyfloatupquicklyanddon’tjustdisappear.15.Whichwordcanbestdescribebabylearnersaccording

totheauthor?A.Confidentandoptimistic.B.Observantandcapable.C.Consistentandpersistent.D.Dynamicandresponsible.14.【江西省省重点校联盟2022-2023学年高

三入学摸底联考】CNoisybrothersorsisters?Loudconstructionrightoutsideyourwindow?Aflexiblenewloudspeakercouldhelpyouresteasy.Itcou

ldsomedayturnyourwallsintonoise-cancelingsystems.Andwhenyou’rereadytoliventhingsup,usethesamewallpaper—orthesurfacesofotherordinar

yobjectsinyourroom—toplaymusic.Thenewloudspeakerissuperthin—aboutasthickasafewsheetsofpaper.It’slightweightandfle

xibleenoughtosticktomostsurfaces.Andyoucanmakeitbig,asinwall-sized,notesJinchiHan.He’sanelectricalengineerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnolog

yinCambridge.Lotsofdome-shaped(圆顶状)microstructurescoverthesurfaceofthespeaker.Theresearchersstartwithathin,flatshe

etofsomematerial.Thentheyusepressuretopullthatmaterialthroughopeningstocreatethedomeshapes.Whensqueezed,thematerialtheyusecreatesanelectric

charge.Butapplyinganelectricfieldacrossthematerialwillalsocausethedomestoexpandandcontract,Hanexplains.Thatcangener

atesound.Hanpointstoanotherbenefitofthistech.Largeexpansesofthenewmaterialcouldmakecontrollingnoisealoteasier.Noise-canceli

ngsystemsalreadyexist.Butwhetheritworksforalistenerdependsonwherethatlistener’searsareinrelationtotheapproachingsoundwaves

.TryingtocancelnoisethiswayeverywhereinsidearoomwouldbetrickyHanpointsout.Itwouldtakelotsofmicrophonesandspeakers,whichcanbeexpensive.Here,eachdomew

orksasatinyspeaker.Thedomescangeneratesoundwavesingroupsorindividually.Wallpaperingyourbedroomwiththismaterialwouldcreates

peakersallaroundyou.Thosesamespeakersalsocouldcancelunwantedsound.Whendesired,youcouldturnanyspaceinto“a

quietzonewhereyoucouldsleeporstudywithouttoomuchnoise,”Hansays.Healsoseesapplicationsincars,airplanes,apartmentsoranywhereu

nwantednoiseisaproblem.8Whatisthenewfeatureoftheloudspeaker?A.Itisverybiginsize.B.Itismadeofakindofpaper.C.Itcanproducehighqualitysound.D.Itc

ansticktomostobjectseasily.,.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Whatthespeakerlookslike.B.Howthesoundisproduced.C.Howthedomesar

ecreated.D.Whatfunctionsthedomeshave.10.Whatdecidestheeffectoftheoldnoise-cancelingsystems?A.Thenumbe

rofdomesintheloudspeakers.B.Thelengthoftheapproachingsoundwaves.C.Thedistancebetweenearsandsoundwaves.D

.Thefrequencyofthenewlyproducedwaves.11.Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribethistechnology?A.Popular.B.Promising.C.Complex.D.Expensive.DW

anttohelpbutterflies?Anewstudysuggeststurningoffthelights.Lightpollutionatnightcandisturbitsabilitiestorec

ognizedirections,researchershavefound.Artificiallightcandisrupttheircircadian(昼夜)rhythmsandaffecttheirsens

eofdirections.Thatcanmakethebutterfliesdisorientedwhentheytrytoflythenextday.“Darknessisimportanttobutterfliessincetheinternalcircadianclock

ofbutterfliesfunctionsnormallywhentheyareexposedtonaturalday-nightlightingcycles,”studyauthorPatrickGuerra,anas

sistantprofessorattheUniversityofCincinnati,tellsTreehugger.Monarchbutterfliesmigrate(迁徙)bythemillionseachyear,ma

kingthetripfromnorthernareasofthecontinenttoCaliforniaandMexicoandback.Becausemostbutterfliesonlyliveforafewweekst

oafewmonths,ittakesseveralgenerationsofbutterfliestocompletethemigration.Buttoomuchlightatthewrongtimecanurgethebutterfliestotakeoffwhentheyshoul

dberestinginsteadfortheirvoyage.“Asmonarchbutterfliesareathreatenedspecieswiththeirpopulationnumbersindecline,wewantedtoseewhattypesofenvi

ronmentalstressmightbelinkedtotheirdecline,”Guerrasays.Fortheirstudy,researchersconductedlabstudieswher

etheyreproducedtheeffectsofartificiallightpollutionwithbutterfliesusingaflightsimulator(模拟器).Theyfirsttestedifmon

archstreatedasingle,artificiallightsourceasifitweretheactualsunduringtheday.Oncetheyestablishedwhattheydid,theythentestedhow

themonarchswouldbehavewhenexposedtothissameartificiallightsourceduringtheirnight.Butterfliesstayedquietandunmovingwh

entheywerefirstplacedintheflightsimulatorinthedark.Butassoonasscientiststurnedonthelight,theystartedflying.Thelightmadethembelievethatnightwasdayandt

hiscancausethemtoflylongeratnightorstartflyingtooearly.“Thesefindingsdemonstratehowurbanizationcannegativelyaffectimportantbiological

phenomena,andthereforeallowustounderstandhowhumanactivityimpactstherestofnature,”Guerrasays.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disori

ented”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Dieoff.C.Feelsleepy.D.Getlost.13.Whatdidtheresearcherswanttofindoutinthestudy?A.Whythemonarchbutterf

liesmigrate.B.Whatreducedthenumberofmonarchbutterflies.C.Whydarknessisimportanttomonarchbutterflies.D.Howmonarchbut

terfliesadapttotheenvironment.14.Whatmightbeusedintheexperiment?A.Aflashlight.B.Thesun.C.Themoon.D.Aclock.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforth

etext?A.NaturalLightIsImportanttoInsectsB.MonarchButterfliesAreinGreatDangerC.ButterfliesReactActivelytoAirPollutionD.LightPollutionCanAffectBut

terflyMigration15.【云南省昆明市五华区2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量摸底检测】CWehumansrelyonaseriesofsignstorecognizeourfriends,suchastheirsmiles,theirvoi

ces,orthewaytheywalk.Biologistshaveknownforseveraldecadesthatdolphinsformclosefriendships,andthatthecetaceans(鲸类)identifyfriendsbytheiruniquewhis

tles.Nownewsurprisingresearchsuggestsbottlenosedolphinsusetheirsenseoftastetorecognizetheirfriendsfromunrelateddolphin

sthroughtheirurine(小便).StudyleaderJasonBruck,amarinebiologistatStephenF.AustinStateUniversityinTexas,didn’tsetou

ttotestwhetherbottlenosedolphinscouldidentifyeachotherthroughtheirurine.Hisoriginalgoalwastotestwhetherdolphinsusetheirsignaturewhistlesinthes

amewaypeoplerelyonnames.Buttodothat,heneededasecondwayfordolphinstoidentifyeachother.Tofindoutifdolp

hinscouldassociateawhistlewithaspecificdolphin,Bruckturnedtoanunlikelysubstance:urine.Ascientisthadpreviouslyobservedwilddolphinspurposefu

llyswimmingthroughurine,leadingBrucktosuspecttheyweregatheringinformationfromit.“Itwasashotinthedark,

”saysBruck,whosestudywaspublishedthisweekinthejournalScienceAdvances.“AndIwasnotexpectingittowork,tobehonest.”

Inexperimentsusingcageddolphins,theteamdiscoveredthatdolphinspaidmoreattentiontotheirfriends’urineandwhistles,suggestingtheyknewtheanimal

sthatissuedthem,hesays.Thefindingsarethefirststrongevidenceofananimalidentifyingothermembersofitsspeciesusin

gtaste.Theyalsoshowthatbyusingatleasttwosignstoidentifyindividuals,dolphinshaveacomplexunderstandingoftheirfamilyandfrie

nds—muchashumansdo.8.WhydidBruckturntourine?A.Toshowthetypesofwhistles.B.Tostudydolphins’swimmingstyles.C.Totest

dolphins’abilityofrecognition.D.Toprotectdolphins’livingconditions.9.WhatdoesBruckthinkofhisstudy?A.Itisbeyonddescription.B.Itisbeyon

dhisexpectation.C.Itmatcheshisprediction.D.Itgoesagainstpreviousobservation.10.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Dolphinscanidentifytheirfriendsbytas

te.B.DolphinsshowdeeplovefortheirfriendsC.Cetaceanscontributemuchtomodernscience.D.Cetaceanshavemuchincommonwithhumans.11.Whatist

hetext?A.Ashortstory.B.Abookreview.C.Abiologist’sstory.D.Asciencereport.DChildrenaremorelikelytopreferfoodstheybelievetobenatura

ltohuman-madeoptions,ratingthemhigherfortastiness,safetyanddesirability,astudyshows.ResearchersattheUniversitiesofEdinburghandYalestudie

dthepreferencesofmorethan374adultsandchildrenintheUnitedStateswhenpresentedwithapplesandorangejuiceandtoldoftheirorigins.In

onestudy,137childrenaged6to10yearsoldwereshownthreeapples.Theyweretoldonewasgrownonafarm,onewasmadeinalab,andanothergr

ownonatreeinsidealab.Adultstookpartinthesamestudytocompareagegroups.Bothchildrenandadultspreferredapplestheybelievedweregrownonfarmstothosegrowninla

bs,researchersfound.Childrenweremorelikelytorefertofreshness,beingoutside,orsunlightwhenconsideringwhytheychosethefa

rmapple.Adultsweremorelikelytomentionnaturalness.Inasecondstudy,85childrenaged5to7yearsoldandagroupof64adult

swereshownfourdifferentkindsoforangejuice—onedescribedassqueezedonafarm,onewithnoinformationaboutit,onewithchemicalsremovedandonedescribedas

havingchemicalsadded.Researchersfoundthattheinformationonthejuice’snaturalnesshadasignificanteffectonitsrating.Th

eparticipantstendedtochoosethemorenaturaloptionbasedonperceivedtaste,safetyanddesiretoconsume.DrMattiWilksoftheUniversityofEdinburgh’sSchoolofPhilo

sophy,PsychologyandLanguageSciencessaid,“Overallweprovideevidencethatourtendencytoprefernaturalfoodispresentinchildh

ood.Thisresearchoffersafirststeptowardsunderstandinghowthesepreferencesareformed,includingwhethertheyaresociallylearnedandwhatdriv

esourtendencytoprefernaturalthings.”12.Howdidresearchersdrawtheirconclusion?A.Bydoingexperiments.B.Byanalyzingreasons.C.Bytestingchildren’staste

s.D.Bystudyingdifferentfruits.13.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthetwostudiesmentionedinthetext?A.Adultsprefer

applestoorangejuice.B.Chemicalsdoharmtoeaters’health.C.Naturalnessattractsdifferentagegroups.D.Labsarewherefruitscanbeeasilyplanted.14.What’sDr

Wilks’attitudetowardthestudy?A.Doubtful.B.Tolerant.C.Uncaring.D.Positive.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhichtoChoose,ApplesorOrangeJuic

e?B.WheretoGrowFruits,onFarmsorinLabs?C.NaturalFoodIsMoreMouth-wateringtoChildrenD.DifferentAgeGroupsShowDi

fferentPreferences