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2023届高三英语地市级新题快递-一模考试专辑专题02阅读理解记叙文解析版【2023广东深圳一模】Fromcottagessurroundedbyimpressivegardenstodaysspentexploringsandybeachesand

deepwoodsfilledwithwildlife,inMyFamilyandOtherAnimals,EnglishwriterGeraldDurrellprovidedavividaccountofhisfamily’stimeontheGreekislandofCorfuinthe

1930s.ComeforthearrestingdescriptionsofCorfulandscapesandstayforDurrell’slaugh-out-loudtalesofhisunusualfamily.Thisbook,Durrell

wrotehumorouslyintheintroduction,“wasintendedtobeanostalgic(怀旧的)accountofnaturalhistory,butinthefirstfewpages,Imadethemis

takeofintroducingmyfamily.”Durrell,laterknownforhiszookeepingandthepreservationofwildlife,wasjustachildduringhisfamily’sfive-yearstayinCorfu.Heis

10-year-oldGerryinthebook—curious,passionateaboutanimalsandadetailedstorytellerofhisstrangefamily:hisimaginativeelderbrotherLarr

ywithhisliteraryambitions,lovestrucksisterMargo,sportybrotherLeslieandhisever-calm,lovingmother.Durrell’satt

entiontodetailiswhatmakesthebooksowinning,witheverysight,soundandsmelloftheislandbroughttolife.Oneminuteyou’llbelaughingasLarry’scleverliterary

friendswalkdowntothedaffodil-yellowcottage,thenextyou’llbecatchingyourbreathasDurrelldescribesswimmin

gatnightintheIonianSea:“Lyingonmybackinthesilkywater,staringatthesky,onlymovingmyhandsandfeetslightly,IwaslookingattheMilkyWaystret

chinglikeasilkscarfacrosstheskyandwonderinghowmanystarsitcontained.”MyFamilyandOtherAnimalsisquitedifficulttoclassify,beingonepar

ttravel,onepartautobiography,onepartnaturalhistory,andonepartcomedy,withathreadofdescriptivelanguagerunningthrough

outthatsometimesraisesitnearlytopoetry.Asarealdelighttoread,it’stheperfectliteraryescapismforanyadul

torolderteenagerwhoiscurrentlywalkingdownatoughroadinlife.4.WhichwordbestdescribesDurrell’slifeinCorfu?A.Risky.B.Busy.C.Tough.D.Diver

se.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninparagraph2?A.Iintroducedmyfamilybymistake.B.Ishouldn’thaveintroducedmyfamily.C.Icouldn’thelpintr

oducingmyfamily.D.Igavewronginformationaboutmyfamily.6.Whatareparagraph4and5mainlyabout?A.Thebook’swritingfea

ture.B.Durrell’srichimagination.C.Someinterestingplotsofthebook.D.Somevividdescriptionsoftheisland.7.Whatisthepurposeo

fthistext?A.Toshareanexperience.B.Torecommendabook.C.Tointroduceawritingstyle.D.Todescribeanunusualplace.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【导语】

这是一篇说明文。文章推荐了英国作家GeraldDurrell的一本书——《我的家人和其他动物》。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Fromcottagessurroundedbyimpressivegarde

nstodaysspentexploringsandybeachesanddeepwoodsfilledwithwildlife,inMyFamilyandOtherAnimals,EnglishwriterGeraldDurrellprovidedavividacco

untofhisfamily’stimeontheGreekislandofCorfuinthe1930s.(从被令人印象深刻的花园包围的小屋，到探索沙滩和充满野生动物的深林的日子，在《我的家人和其他动物》一书中，英国作家GeraldDurrell生动地描述了

20世纪30年代他的家人在希腊科孚岛的时光。)”可知，Durrell在科孚岛的生活是多样的。故选D项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据语境和划线句前文“wasintendedtobeanostalgic(怀旧的)accountofna

turalhistory,butinthefirstfewpages,(本想成为一本关于自然史的怀旧书，)”可知，作者原本想写一本关于自然史的怀旧书，从而推知，划线词句“butinthefirstfewpages,Imadet

hemistakeofintroducingmyfamily.(但在前几页，我错误地介绍了我的家人。)”其中划线部分应为“我情不自禁地介绍了自己的家人”的意思。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Durrell’sa

ttentiontodetailiswhatmakesthebooksowinning,witheverysight,soundandsmelloftheislandbroughttolife.(Durrell对细节的关注使这本书如此引人入胜，岛上的每一个景象、声音和气味都栩

栩如生。)”和第五段“MyFamilyandOtherAnimalsisquitedifficulttoclassify,beingoneparttravel,onepartautobiography,onepartnaturalhis

tory,andonepartcomedy,withathreadofdescriptivelanguagerunningthroughoutthatsometimesraisesitnearlytop

oetry.(《我的家庭和其他动物》很难归类，一部分是游记，一部分是自传，一部分是自然历史，一部分是喜剧，一种描述性的语言贯穿始终，有时几乎把它提升到诗歌的境界。)”可知，这两段主要介绍了这本书的写作特点。故选A项。

【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段“Asarealdelighttoread,it’stheperfectliteraryescapismforanyadultorolderteenagerwhoiscurrentlyw

alkingdownatoughroadinlife.(作为一种真正的阅读乐趣，对于任何目前正走在艰难人生道路上的成年人或年龄较大的青少年来说，这是一种完美的文学逃避。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是为了推荐这本《我的家庭和其他动物》。

故选B项。【2023广东梅州一模】Whenmysonfirstbegancompetinginschoolchesstournaments,Ioftenchattedwithotherparents.Occasionally,Iwouldaskiftheyplayedches

sthemselves.Normally,thereplywasno.WhenIvolunteeredthatIwaslearningtoplay,theirtonewascheerfullyjoking,“Goodluckwit

hthat!”Ifthisgameissogood,whyareadultsignoringit?Seeingsomeoneplayingsmartphonegames,Ipreferredtosay,“Whyareyouhavingyourkidsd

ochesswhileyouplay?”Sure,weparentshadworktodo,workthathelpedpayforthelessonsourkidswereenjoying.ButIwa

salsowonderingifweweresendinganunnoticeablemessagethatlearningwasfortheyoung.Duringonetournament,Isawagroupofparentsplayingchess!Justthen

,agroupofkidspassedme“Whyareadultslearningchess?”Oneasked,inanapparentlyjokingtone.Iwastiredofsittingonthesidelines.Iwantedin,andthatiswhyIgot

amembershipcardandstartedthrowingmyselfin.“Earlyon,Iwasnervous,eventhemastercansometimesplaybadly,”a

soneGrandmasterputit“afannever”.AndafanIwas.Itwasthreehoursofconcentrationandthinkingwithmyphoneoff.ItfeltlikeagymwhereIwastrainedt

osolveproblemswithfocus,memory,logic,andoccasionalheadaches.Andofcoursehoursofabsenceofdigitaldeviceswouldneverbenogoodforthinki

ngsharply.Beingabeginnercanbehardatanyage,butitgetsharderwhenyouareolder.Thephrase“adultbeginner”hasanfairlygentlepity.Itimpliesthelearningofsomet

hingthatyoushouldhaveperhapsalreadyleaned.4.Whatcanwelearnaboutotherparentsfromtheirremarks?A.Theywereignoringotherlearners

.B.Theyagreedontheideaoflearningchess.C.Theygavecongratulationstotheadultlessons.D.Theythoughtitoddforanadulttolearnchess.5.Howdidthe

childinthesecondparagraphperceiveadultslearningchess?A.Laughable.B.Imaginable.C.Understandable.D.Sens

ible.6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“sittingonthesidelines”meaninParagraph3?A.Notbeingnoticed.B.Notbeinginvolved.C.Expressingconfusingideas.D.Fo

llowingwhatothersdo.7.Whatdidthewriterthinkofhisexperienceofleaningtoplaychess?A.Ithelpedhimremaincalm.B.Itmadeh

improudofhimself.C.Ithelpedhimtrainhisbrain.D.Itmadehimlookratherfunny.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过和其他家长聊象棋时得到

启发，下决心学下象棋并使自己的大脑得到锻炼的故事。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“WhenIvolunteeredthatIwaslearningtoplay,theirtonewascheerfullyjo

king,“Goodluckwiththat!”Ifthisgameissogood,whyareadultsignoringit?(当我主动提出我正在学下象棋时，他们的语气是愉快的玩笑，“祝你好运！”如果这个游

戏这么好，为什么成年人都忽视它呢？)”可知，这些家长开玩笑是觉得成年人学象棋很奇怪。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Justthen,agroupofkidspassedme,“Whyareadultslearningchess?”Onea

sked,inanapparentlyjokingtone.(就在这时，一群孩子从我身边走过，“为什么成年人都在学象棋？”其中一人显然是开玩笑地问道。)”可知，孩子们是在开玩笑，由此可以推出，孩子们认为成年

人学象棋这件事情很可笑。故选A项。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Iwantedin,andthatiswhyIgotamembershipcardandstartedthrowingmyselfin.(我想加入，所以我办了张会员卡，开始投身其中。)”可知，作者想学习象棋，

并加入了学习象棋的队伍当中。跟前文“tiredof”表示“厌倦某事”形成对比。由此推测出，作者应该是厌倦了坐在旁边看着大家下棋的生活，想要加入进去。B项“不参与其中”符合句意。故选B项。【7题详解】细节理

解题。根据文章倒数第二段“ItfeltlikeagymwhereIwastrainedtosolveproblemswithfocus,memory,logic,andoccasionalheadaches.(这感觉就像一个健身房，在那里我被训

练用专注力、记忆力、逻辑性和偶尔的头痛来解决问题。)”可知，下象棋就像是把自己的脑子带去健身房接受训练来解决问题即体现出学习下象棋帮助作者锻炼大脑。故选C。【2023山东菏泽一模】MonicaBertagnolliisanoncologist(肿瘤学家)atBrighamandWomen

’sHospitalandaprofessorofsurgeryatHarvardMedicalSchool.GrowingupinWyoming,shewaswellawareofthelackofhe

althcareresourcesinruralareas.Accesstoin-depthcareforcancerpatientsishardtoget.She’sworkedthroughouthercareertochangethat.InWyoming,ther

e’sagreatdistancetotravelbetweenwherepeopleliveandwheretheycanfindacancerspecialist.“Ifyouneedtreatmentsandtheyhavetobeadministeredeveryda

y,andifit’s120milesfromwhereyoulive,thatendsupbeingahugebarriertoreceivingthekindofcareyouneed.”AndnowMonicaservesasthevicep

residentoftheCoalition(联盟)ofCancerCooperativeGroups(CCCG)—aninternationalnetworkofindividualswhoworktoimprovethequa

lityoflifeandsurvivalofcancerpatientsbyincreasingparticipationincancerclinicaltrials.Shesaid,“Oneofthereall

yimportantthingsis,we’retryingtomakesurethatcancerclinicaltrialscangettoeverysinglepatientwhoneedstheminmyownstate.”Thecoalitionse

tupsitesinnorthernandsouthernWyomingthatareabletorunclinicaltrials.Beforethosetrialsbecameavailable,patientswou

ldusuallygotoDenverorSaltLakeCity—athree-to-seven-hourdrive.Monica’seffortstoincreaseaccesstothehealthcareneedsofherruralWyoming

patientsalsoincludehelpingtodevelopnewpoliciesthatwillallowpatientstoparticipateinmoreclinicaltrials,andli

nkingthemwitharegionaldoctorwhocangetthemtheaccesstothecaretheyneed.Inadditiontotheclinicaltrials,Monicasaidthattechnology’sprogresslikebetterce

llphoneandinternetserviceinthemountainsofWyoming,aswellassocialmedia,hashelpedruralresidentsstayintouchwithlovedonesandmed

icalprofessionalsdespitetheirdistance.Sheistryingtoadvocatestronglyforthosechangestocontinue.“IstillconsidermyselfpartofWyomingandIamverydevotedtom

akingsurethatpatientscangetaccesstocare.”4.WhatdoruralcancerpatientsinWyomingneedmost?A.Healthcare.B.Betterhousing.C.F

urthereducation.D.Publictransportation.5.HowhasMonicahelpedthecancerpatients?A.Byofferingclinicaltrials.B.Byadvocatingfinancialaid.C.Byimprovingi

nternetservice.D.Bytrainingmedicalprofessionals.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMonica?A.Determinedandloyal.B.Honestandgenerous

.C.Gratefulandcourageous.D.Devotedandresponsible.7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Technology:Apushforprogre

ssB.Monica:AhelperforcancerpatientsC.CCCG:ApioneerforcancertreatmentD.Clinicaltrials:Ahopeforcancerpatients【答案】4.A5.A6.

D7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍肿瘤学家MonicaBertagnolli为农村癌症患者能够获得医疗资源和医疗保健所作出的努力与贡献。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“GrowingupinWyoming,shewaswellawareofthelack

ofhealthcareresourcesinruralareas.Accesstoin-depthcareforcancerpatientsishardtoget.She’sworkedthroughouthercareertochangethat.(在Wyoming州长大的她

非常清楚农村地区缺乏医疗资源。癌症患者很难获得深入的护理。她的整个职业生涯都在努力改变这种状况。)”可知在Wyoming州农村癌症患者最缺乏的是医疗资源和深入的医疗护理，即他们最需要的是医疗保健。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据

第三段“AndnowMonicaservesasthevicepresidentoftheCoalition(联盟)ofCancerCooperativeGroups(CCCG)—aninternationalnetworkofindividualswhoworktoimprovethequali

tyoflifeandsurvivalofcancerpatientsbyincreasingparticipationincancerclinicaltrials.(现在，Monica担任癌症合作组织联

盟（CCCG）的副主席。CCCG是一个由个人组成的国际网络，通过增加对癌症临床试验的参与来提高癌症患者的生活质量和生存率。)”以及第四段“Shesaid,‘Oneofthereallyimportantthingsis,we’retryingtomakesurethatc

ancerclinicaltrialscangettoeverysinglepatientwhoneedstheminmyownstate.’ThecoalitionsetupsitesinnorthernandsouthernWyo

mingthatareabletorunclinicaltrials.Beforethosetrialsbecameavailable,patientswouldusuallygotoDenverorSaltLakeCity—

athree-to-seven-hourdrive.(她说：‘真正重要的一件事是，我们正在努力确保癌症临床试验能够惠及我所在州每一位需要的患者。’该联盟在Wyoming州北部和南部设立了能够进行临床试验的站点。在这些试验开始之前，患者通常会去丹佛或盐湖城，车程三到七小时。)”可知，Monica通过

提供临床试验来帮助癌症患者。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Inadditiontotheclinicaltrials,Monicasaidthattechnology’sprogresslikebettercellphoneandinte

rnetserviceinthemountainsofWyoming,aswellassocialmedia,hashelpedruralresidentsstayintouchwithlovedonesandmedical

professionalsdespitetheirdistance.Sheistryingtoadvocatestronglyforthosechangestocontinue.(除了临床试验之外，Monica说，技术的进步，比如Wyoming州山区更好的手机和互联网服务，以及社交媒

体，已经帮助农村居民与亲人和医疗专业人员保持联系，尽管他们相隔遥远。她正在努力大力倡导这些改革继续下去。)”以及最后一段“‘IstillconsidermyselfpartofWyomingandIamverydevote

dtomakingsurethatpatientscangetaccesstocare.’(‘我仍然认为自己是Wyoming州的一员，我非常致力于确保患者能够获得医疗。’)”可知Monica非常敬业，富有责任心。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“MonicaB

ertagnolliisanoncologist(肿瘤学家)atBrighamandWomen’sHospitalandaprofessorofsurgeryatHarvardMedicalSchool.GrowingupinWyoming,

shewaswellawareofthelackofhealthcareresourcesinruralareas.Accesstoin-depthcareforcancerpatientsishardtog

et.She’sworkedthroughouthercareertochangethat.(MonicaBertagnolli是布里格姆妇女医院的肿瘤学家，也是哈佛医学院的外科教授。在怀俄明州长大的她非常清楚农村地区缺乏医疗资源。癌症患者很难获得深入的护理。她的整个职业生涯都在努力改变这种状况

。)”以及下文对MonicaBertagnolli的详细介绍可知，本文主要介绍了Monica为改变农村癌症患者缺乏医疗资源和医疗保健所作出的贡献，B选项“Monica：一位帮助癌症患者的人”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为本文标题。故选B。【2023广东茂

名一模】ImaginethemostEnglish-Englishpersonyoucanthinkof.NowI’mfairlycertainthatnomatterwhatpictureyoujustthoughtup,thatpersoncomescompletewithastiffuppe

rlipandacupofteaintheirhand,becausethat’swhattheEnglishdo.Theycarryonandtheydrinktea.TeaissoutterlyEnglish,sucharootedp

artoftheculture,thatit’salsorootedinhoweveryoneelsearoundtheworldperceivesthatculture.Andwhileit’sfairlycommonknowledgethatWesternershaveChinatoth

ankfortheoriginalcultivationofteadrinking,it’sfarlessknownthatitwasthePortuguesewhoinspireditspopularityinEngland

inparticular,onePortuguesewoman.Travelbackintimeto1662,whenCatherineofBraganza(daughterofPortugal’sKingJoh

nIV)wonthehandofEngland’snewlyrestoredmonarch,KingCharlesII,withthehelpofaverylargedowry(嫁妆)thatinclud

edmoney,spices,treasuresandthehighlyprofitableportsofTangiersandBombay.Thismadeheroneveryimportantlady:theQueenofEngla

nd,ScotlandandIreland.WhensherelocatedupnorthtojoinKingCharles,sheissaidtohavepackedloose-leafteaaspartofherpersonalbelongings;itwoulda

lsohavelikelybeenpartofherdowry.AfunlegendhasitthattheboxesweremarkedIransportedeErvasAromaticas(Transp

ortofAromaticHerbs)latershortenedtoT.E.A.Thatlastbitprobablyisn’ttrue(expertsbelievetheword“tea”camefromaChinesech

aracter),butwhatisforsureisthatteawasalreadypopularamongtheupperclassofPortugalduetothecountry’sdirecttradelinetoChinaviaMacau.4.Whatdopeoplethinko

fteadrinkinginBritain?A.Typical.B.Fashionable.C.Incredible.D.Unusual.5.WhopromotedthefashionofteadrinkinginEngland?A.CommonWesterners.B.TheChin

esepeople.C.Portugal’sKingJohnIV.D.TheQueenofKingCharlesII.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.TeawaspartofthedowryofCather

ineofBraganza.B.Theword‘tea’camefromPortuguesemarksontheboxes.C.TeabecamepopularinPortugalearlierthanitdidinEngland.D.Thedir

ecttradelinebetweenChinaandEnglanddevelopedbecauseoftea.7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ThestorybehindB

ritishteadrinking.B.ThelegendofteadrinkinginPortugal.C.TheoriginofWesterners’teadrinking.D.Thehistory

ofteatradebetweenChinaandBritain.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国饮茶文化背后的起源故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“NowI’mfairlycertainthatnomatte

rwhatpictureyoujustthoughtup,thatpersoncomescompletewithastiffupperlipandacupofteaintheirhand,becausethat’

swhattheEnglishdo.(现在我很确定，不管你刚刚想到的是什么画面，那个人都是紧绷着上嘴唇，手里拿着一杯茶，因为英国人就是这样做的)”可知，人们认为英国人喝茶很典型。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第

二段“Andwhileit’sfairlycommonknowledgethatWesternershaveChinatothankfortheoriginalcultivationofteadrinking,it’sfarlesskno

wnthatitwasthePortuguesewhoinspireditspopularityinEnglandinparticular,onePortuguesewoman.(众所周知，西方人要感谢中国是饮茶的起源，但鲜为人知

的是，是葡萄牙人，尤其是一位葡萄牙妇女，激发了饮茶在英国的流行)”和第三段第一句“Travelbackintimeto1662,whenCatherineofBraganza(daughterofPortugal’sKingJohnIV)wonthehandofEn

gland’snewlyrestoredmonarch,KingCharlesII,withthehelpofaverylargedowry(嫁妆)thatincludedmoney,spices,treasuresandthehighlyprofita

bleportsofTangiersandBombay.(追溯到1662年，布拉干萨的凯瑟琳（葡萄牙国王约翰四世的女儿）在一大笔嫁妆的帮助下赢得了英国新复辟君主查理二世的手，嫁妆包括金钱、香料、珍宝以及利润丰厚的坦吉尔和孟买港口)”可知，英国国王查理二世

的王后促进了英国的饮茶风尚。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒第二段第一句“WhensherelocatedupnorthtojoinKingCharles,sheissaidtohavepackedloose-leafteaaspartofherpersonalbelongings;itw

ouldalsohavelikelybeenpartofherdowry.(当她搬到北方加入查尔斯国王时，据说她把散叶茶作为私人物品的一部分；这很可能也是她嫁妆的一部分)”和最后一段中的“butwhatisforsureisthatteawasalreadypopu

laramongtheupperclassofPortugalduetothecountry’sdirecttradelinetoChinaviaMacau(但可以肯定的是，由于葡萄牙通过澳门与中国的直接贸易关系，茶叶在葡萄牙上层阶级中已经很受欢迎)”可知，茶在葡萄牙比在英国流行得早。故选

C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Andwhileit’sfairlycommonknowledgethatWesternershaveChinatothankfortheoriginalcultivationofteadri

nking,it’sfarlessknownthatitwasthePortuguesewhoinspireditspopularityinEnglandinparticular,onePortuguesewoman.(众所周知，西方人要感谢中国是饮茶的起源，但鲜为人知的是，是葡萄牙人，尤其是一

位葡萄牙妇女，激发了饮茶在英国的流行)”，第三段第一句中的“Travelbackintimeto1662(追溯到1662年)”和第四段“WhensherelocatedupnorthtojoinKingCharles,she

issaidtohavepackedloose-leafteaaspartofherpersonalbelongings;itwouldalsohavelikelybeenpartofherdowry.

AfunlegendhasitthattheboxesweremarkedIransportedeErvasAromaticas(TransportofAromaticHerbs)latershortenedtoT.E.A.(当她搬到北方加入查尔斯国王时，据说她把散叶茶作为私人物品的一部

分；这很可能也是她嫁妆的一部分。一个有趣的传说是，这些盒子被标记为IransportedeErvasAromaticas（芳香草药运输），后来被简称为T.E.A)”可知，文章主要是讲英国茶饮背后的故事。故选A。【2023安徽淮北一模】Th

ewallsofourhouseweresupposedtobewhite.ButIneverrememberthembeingwhite.Atfirst,theyweregrey,thenturningblac

k.Myfatherwasacoalworker.Hemadecharcoal(木炭)inourhouse.Haveyoueverseencharcoalbeingmade?Thelittlebagsyoubuyinthestoreforbarb

eque,theycomefromsomewhere,andhonestly,it’saverydirtybusiness.IrememberonedayIwasbaggingupthecharcoalwithmy

dad,anditwasreallycoldandraining.Allwehadwasthetinyroofoverourheads.Afterafewhours,Igottogotoschool,whereitwaswarm.M

ydadstayedoutthereworking,allday.Ifhedidn’tsellthatday,maybewewouldn’thaveenoughtoeat.Ithoughttomyself:Atsomepoint,e

verythingisgoingtochange.Forthis,Iowefootballeverything.Istartedfootballearly.Iplayedsomuchfootballthateverytwomonths,mybootsw

ouldbreakapart.WhenIwasseven,Imusthavebeenprettygood,becauseIscored64goalsformyneighborhoodteam.Thaty

ear,mydadgotacallfromacoachsayingtheywantedmetoplaythere.Mydadasked,“Oh,it’stoofaraway.Ninekilometers

.Howwillwegethimthere?”Mymomsaid,“No,no,no!Don’tworry,I’lltakehim!”AndthatiswhenGracielawasborn.Gracielawasanoldyellowb

icyclethatmymotherwouldusetodrivemetotrainingeveryday.Ithadalittlebasketinthefront.Imaginethis:Awomanbikingthroughtownwithalittleboyontheb

ackandabaginthebasketwithhisboots.Uphills.Downhills.Throughthedangerousneighborhoods.Intherain.Inthecold.Inthedark.Graci

elagotuswhereweneededtogo.NowadayspeoplelookonYouTube,watchtheWorldCupandseetheresults,buttheydon’tknowthejourney.Theydon’t

knowaboutmylivingroomwallsturningfromwhitetoblack.Theydon’tknowaboutmyfatherworkingunderalittleroof.Theydon’tknowaboutmymotherridingGracielathro

ughtherainandthecold.4.Whydidthewallsoftheauthor’shouseturnblack?A.Hisfamilywantedtochangethelookoftheiroldhouse.B.Thecolorblackcouldcove

ruphisfather’sdirtybusiness.C.Theauthoroftenmadeindoorbarbequeswiththecharcoal.D.Therewasalotofcoaldustcreatedfromhisfather’swork.5.What

canwelearnaboutGraciela?A.Gracielawasayellowbicyclewithabasket.B.Gracielawasnamedaftertheauthor’smother.C.Gra

cielawasbornwhentheauthorwasnine.D.Gracielagotthefamilywherevertheywantedtogo.6.Whatgoodqualitydotheauthorandhisparentshavein

common?A.Determined.B.Confident.C.Ambitious.D.Easygoing.7.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Intimeoftest,familyisbest.B.Happinessisa

choice,notaresult.C.Onewhofearsfailurelimitshisactivities.D.Behindeveryglorythereisalwaysastory.【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.D

【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章节选自阿根廷足球运动员迪马利亚的自述，讲述了他辉煌背后鲜为人知的故事。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Atfirst,theyweregrey,thenturningblack.Myfatherwasacoalwo

rker.Hemadecharcoal(木炭)inourhouse.Haveyoueverseencharcoalbeingmade?Thelittlebagsyoubuyinthestoreforbarbeque,theycomefromsomewhere,andhones

tly,it’saverydirtybusiness.(起初，它们是灰色的，然后变成黑色。我父亲是煤矿工人。他在我们家烧木炭。你见过木炭的制作过程吗？你在商店里买的烧烤用的小袋子，它们来自某个地方，老实说，这是一个非常肮脏的行业)”可知，作者家的墙变黑了是因为他

父亲的工作产生了很多煤尘。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Gracielawasanoldyellowbicyclethatmymotherwouldusetodrivemetotrainingeveryday.Ithadalittlebasketinthef

ront.(Graciela是一辆旧的黄色自行车，我妈妈每天都会用它载我去训练。它前面有一个小篮子)”可知，Graciela是一辆带篮子的黄色自行车。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Ithoughttomyself:Atsomepoint,everythingisg

oingtochange.(我心想：总有一天，一切都会改变)”，第二段的“Mydadstayedoutthereworking,allday.Ifhedidn’tsellthatday,maybewewouldn’thaveeno

ughtoeat.(我爸整天都在外面工作。如果那天他不工作，也许我们就吃不饱了)”和第四段的“Awomanbikingthroughtownwithalittleboyonthebackandabaginthebasketwithhisboots.Uphills.Downhills.Through

thedangerousneighborhoods.Intherain.Inthecold.Inthedark.(一个骑着自行车穿过小镇的女人背着一个小男孩，篮子里有一个包和他的靴子。上山。下山。穿过危险的街区。在雨中。在寒冷中。在黑暗中)”可推知，作者和父母

有一个共同的品质，那就是意志坚定，故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“NowadayspeoplelookonYouTube,watchtheWorldCupandseetheresults,buttheydon’tkn

owthejourney.Theydon’tknowaboutmylivingroomwallsturningfromwhitetoblack.Theydon’tknowaboutmyfatherwork

ingunderalittleroof.Theydon’tknowaboutmymotherridingGracielathroughtherainandthecold.(现在人们在YouTube上看世界杯，看比赛结果，但他们不知道比赛的过程。他们不知道我客厅的墙从白色变成了黑色。

他们不知道我父亲在一个小房子里工作。他们不知道我妈妈骑着Graciela在雨中冒着寒冷)”可推知，作者想告诉我们每一个荣耀的背后都有一个故事。故选D。【2023广东佛山一模】Deveza’smotherwasonthewaiti

nglistforakidneytransplant(肾移植).Devezawantedtodonateoneofherownkidneys—butshewasturneddownbecauseshemightdevelopthesamehealthproblemsashermotherinla

terlife.Devezacameupwithadifferentplan.In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfherliver

(肝)forsomeoneelse’skidney.Acasestudyoftheorganexchangehasnowbeenpublished,andthesurgeonswhowereinvolvedarecallingformoreexchangeslikethis.“Y

oucanimaginetheenormousimpactformixedorganextendedchains,”saysJohnRoberts,asurgeonatUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.Mostorgantranspl

antscomefrompeoplewhohavedied,butthereareneverenoughorgans.Asmostpeoplecanmanagewithjustoneoftheirkidneys,peoplewithkidneyfailureareincreasinglyrecei

vingdonatedorgansfromrelativesorfriends.Ifsomeonewantstodonatebuttheirimmune(免疫的)systemisunsuited,doctorsmaybeabletofindpairs

ofwould-bedonorswhocaneachgiveakidneytotheother’srelative.WhenDevezawaslookingintosuchchains,shecameacrossresearchdescribingthe

ideaoftradingakidneywiththeonlyotherorgangenerallytakenfromalivingdonor—theliver.Shesuggestedtheideatomanyhospitalsbefo

reshefinallycontactedRoberts,whosawtheidea’spotential.Devezawasassessedtobeingoodenoughhealthtodonatepartofherliver.Itthentook18monthstofindAn

nieSimmons,inIdaho,whoseliverwasunsuitabletouseasatransplantforhersisterwithsevereliverdisease.Theydrewupaplan:SimmonswoulddonateakidneytoDeveza’smo

ther,andinreturn,DevezawouldgivehalfherlivertoSimmons’sister.Thehospitalgavethego-aheadandthefouroperationstookplaceonthesamedaysuccessfully.Theteamh

opethattheground-breakingcasewillinspiremorepeopletoconsiderdoingthesame.Robertssaysthatdirectexchangesinvo

lvingtwodonorscouldenableuptothirtyextraliving-donorlivertransplantsayear—atenpercentincrease.4.WhatdidDev

ezadotosavehermother?A.Carryingoutacasestudy.B.Callingforkidneydonations.C.Launchingamedicalexperiment.D.Tra

dinghalfherliverforakidney.5.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Patients’desperationtosurvive.B.Severals

ourcesoforgandonation.C.Currentsituationoforgantransplants.D.Doctors’effortstoimproveorgantransplants.6.Whatcanbein

ferredabouttheorganexchangebetweenDevezaandSimmons?A.Itdiscouragedorgandonation.B.Itbroughttwofamiliestogether.C.Itmetwithwidespreada

pproval.D.Itproducedadesirableoutcome.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MyLiver,YourKidneyB.Mother’sLove,OurHappinessC.OrganTransplant

:BlessingforPatientsD.OrganExchange:MajorMedicalAdvances【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Deveza用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏给自己的妈妈，并取得了

成功。这一成功的案例具有积极的影响。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Devezacameupwithadifferentplan.In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairede

xchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfherliverforsomeoneelse’skidney.(Deveza提出了一个不同的计划。2017年，她开始了世界上第一次活体捐赠者之间的不同器官

配对交换，用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏。)”可知，Deveza为了帮助妈妈移植合适的肾脏，用自己的一半肝脏作为交换。故选D项。【5题详解】主旨大意题。通过阅读，结合第三段的关键句“…therearenevere

noughorgans.(但器官永远都不够用)”，“peoplewithkidneyfailureareincreasinglyreceivingdonatedorgansfromrelativesorfriends(肾衰竭患者越来越多地接受亲友捐赠的器官)”和“d

octorsmaybeabletofindpairsofwould-bedonorswhocaneachgiveakidneytotheother’srelative(医生可能会找到成对的潜在捐赠者，他们各自可以将一个肾脏捐给对方的亲属)”可知，该段主要讲述了器官移植的现状。

故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Theteamhopethattheground-breakingcasewillinspiremorepeopletoconsiderdoingthesame.Robertssaysthatdirectexchangesinvolvingt

wodonorscouldenableuptothirtyextraliving-donorlivertransplantsayear—atenpercentincrease.(研究小组希望这个开创性的案例能激励更多的人

考虑做同样的事情。罗伯茨说，涉及两名捐赠者的直接交换每年可增加多达30例活体肝脏移植——增加10%。)”可知，他们两个的“器官互换”的成功可以对其他人产生激励作用，从而使直接交换器官的案例增加。由此可推知，这产生了令人满意的结果。故选D项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通过阅

读文章可知，文章第二段内容“In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchangingh

alfherliverforsomeoneelse’skidney.(2017年，她开始了世界上第一次活体捐赠者之间的不同器官配对交换，用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏。)”为核心话题，即，文章主要讲述了Deveza

用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏给自己的妈妈，并取得了成功，后文则以此为延申讲述了其可能产生的积极影响。因此，选项A“MyLiver,YourKidney(我的肝，你的肾)”不仅贴合主旨，且作为标题更具有吸引力。故选A项。【2023山西临汾一模】In1665,JohannesVermeer,oneo

fthegreatestpaintersinNetherlands,completedhismasterpiece“GirlWithaPearlEarring.”OnanAprilday357yearslater,Jan

ineStrongslowedherbiketostop,pausedherfitnessapp,andwatchedasthesnakinglineofhercyclingroutedrewtheshapeofVermeer’smasterpieceoverthestreetsofBrook

lyn.Ms.Strongcreateswhathascometobeknownas“GPSart”—apracticethatusestheGlobalPositioningSystemmappingcapabilitieso

fmodernphoneappstocreatedigitaldrawingswithanathlete’sroute.Ithasgrownwiththewidespreadavailabilityofsatellitetrackingforusebyordinarypeople.Infac

t,theideahasbeenaroundsincebeforethepopularityofsmartphonesforfitnesslikeStravareleasedin2009.In2003,TheNewYorkTimesMagazinet

oldofhowJeremyWoodgottheideaforGPSart.Mr.WoodsaidwhilehewasusingaGPStrackeronaflightandtheplaneflewinaholdingpatternaboveHeath-rowAirport,hewa

sattractedbythepatternappearingonhisGarminGPSdevice.Inrecentyears,technologyhasadvancedenoughtocreatevisualmapsi

nrealtimeusingaphoneorsmartwatch.“Igetboredcyclingonthesamepathinthesamestreets,”Ms.Strongsaid.“CreatingGPSart

givesmemorereasonstohitthepavement,whichmakescyclingaloteasier.IalwayshaveabigsmileonmyfacewhenitworksoutandIuploaditandit’sdone,”sheadded.“It’savery

satisfyingfeeling.”Tocompleteherdigitalvisionof“GirlWithaPearlEarring,”shebikedalmost50milesaroundsouthernBrooklyn,

carefullycheckingStravatomakesureeachturn,circle,andstraightlinewasachievingtheshapeofearringandheadcoveringofVermeer’soriginal.4.Whatcanweinferabout

JanineStronginparagraph1?A.Shetestsafitnessapp.B.Sheisaninnovativecyclist.C.Shelikespearlearrings.D.Sheisapainterofsomenote.5.Whatinfo

rmationcanwegetaboutGPSart?A.Itisrarelyusedbycommonpeople.B.Itaroseafterthepopularityoffitnessapps.C.Itisbasedonapps’GPSmappingfu

nctions.D.Itisapracticeofcreatingrealisticdrawings.6.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.TheoriginofGPSart.B.TheprospectofGPSart.C.ThefunctionofaGP

Stracker.D.TheadvancementofaGPSdevice.7.WhowillbemostlikelytocreateGPSart?A.Paintinglovers.B.Mobilega

meplayers.C.Softwaredevelopers.D.Runningenthusiasts.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了JanineStrong创作的GPS艺术，她用自己的运动轨迹绘制出了一幅名画的形状。【

4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“OnanAprilday357yearslater,JanineStrongslowedherbiketostop,pausedherfitnessapp,andwatchedasthesnakinglineofhercyclingroute

drewtheshapeofVermeer’smasterpieceoverthestreetsofBrooklyn.(357年后的一个4月，JanineStrong放慢自行车的速度停下来，暂停了健身应用程序，看着她骑自行车时蜿蜒的路线在布鲁克林的街道上勾勒出

Vermeer这幅杰作的形状)”可知，JanineStrong用自己的运动轨迹绘制出了一幅名画的形状，由此可推测她是一个有创新精神的自行车手。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ms.Strongcreateswhathascometobeknownas‘GPSart

’—apracticethatusestheGlobalPositioningSystemmappingcapabilitiesofmodernphoneappstocreatedigitaldrawingswithanathlete’sro

ute.(Strong女士创作了所谓的‘GPS艺术’——利用现代手机应用程序的全球定位系统绘图功能，以数字方式绘制运动员的路线)”可知，“GPS艺术”是基于应用程序上GPS的绘图功能。故选C。【6题详解】段落大意题。根据第三段内容，结合本段中“In2003,

TheNewYorkTimesMagazinetoldofhowJeremyWoodgottheideaforGPSart.(2003年，《纽约时报》杂志讲述了JeremyWood是如何获得GPS艺术的灵感的)”可知，本段是讲述GPS艺术的起源。故选A。【7题详解】

推理判断题。结合第二段中“apracticethatusestheGlobalPositioningSystemmappingcapabilitiesofmodernphoneappstocreatedigitaldrawingswithanathlete

’sroute(利用现代手机应用程序的全球定位系统的绘图功能，以数字方式绘制运动员的路线)”可知，GPS艺术是跑步者利用应用程序记录跑步路线的功能来精心设计自己的运动轨迹，从而绘制出想要的图案，故跑步爱好者最有可能创造GPS艺术。故选D。【2023安徽合肥一模】AMalaw

ianwoman,GloriaMajiga-Kamoto,wasrecentlyawardedtheGoldmanEnvironmentalPrizeforAfrica—theworld’sleadingaward

forgrassrootsenvironmentalactivists.GloriaMajiga-Kamotowasthenworkingforalocalenvironmentalorganizationwithaprogramthatgavegoatstoruralf

armers,whowouldusethegoatwastetoproducelow-cost,high-qualityorganicfertilizer(肥料).Theproblem?Thethinplasticbagscovering

theMalawiancountryside.“Wehavethisverycommonstreetfood,chiwaya,whichissaltyandservedinlittleblueplastics,”Majiga-Kamotosays.“Goatseat

theplasticforsaltytasteandtheydiebecauseitblockstheingestion(摄食)system.”Forher,thiswasthemomentwhenitallchanged.Allofasudden,shestartednoticinghow

plasticswereeverywhereintheMalawianenvironmentandfoodsystem-affectingpeople’slivingandhealth.“Irememberbackinthedaywhenwe’dgot

othemarketandbuythingslikefish,you’dgetitinnewspapers,”the30-year-oldsays.Butthinplasticstookoffinthelastdecadeorsoasnewproducerssprungup

inMalawi,sellingproductslikethinplasticbagsatcheapprices.Infact,theMalawiangovernmentdecidedtobantheimportation,productionanddistribution

ofsingle-useplasticin2015.Butbeforethebancouldgointofulleffect,Malawi’splastics-producingindustryappealed

tothecountry’sHighCourtagainsttheban,causingittobesuspended.WhenMajiga-Kamotoandherfellowenvironmentalistsheardaboutthis,theywerean

noyed.Sheorganizedmarchesandrejectedtheplasticindustry’sargumentthatthebanwouldhurtMalawi’seconomy—andevendebatedwithanindustryspokesmanonTV.Finallyi

n2019,Malawi’sHighCourtruledinfavoroftheban.Thefollowingyear,thegovernmentbeganclosingdownillegalplasticproducers.MichaelSutton,executivedi

rectoroftheGoldmanEnvironmentalFoundation,said,“Majiga-Kamoto’sfightwiththeplasticindustryisaperfectexampleofthespiritoftheprize.”4.WhatmadeMajiga-Ka

motorealizetheproblem?A.Herexperiencewithplastic-eatinggoats.B.Herdiscoveryofgoatwasteeverywhere.C.Herdoubtaboutthesafetyofstree

tfood.D.Hercareforthefarmerslivinginpoverty.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutMalawi?A.Itusedtobeextremelyrichinfish.B.Itadvocatedusingthinplasticbags.

C.Itfailedtobansingle-useplasticatfirst.D.Itreliedheavilyontheplasticindustry.6.WhatwasthepurposeofMajiga-Kamoto’sactsinParagra

ph4?A.Toputthebanintoeffect.B.Tosupportthegovernment.C.Tobacktheplasticindustryup.D.TopromoteMalawi’seconomy.7.Whichofthefollowingbestdes

cribesMajiga-Kamoto?A.Humble.B.Generous.C.Patient.D.Committed.【答案】4.A5.C6.A7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了马拉维女士Glor

iaMajigaKamoto最近被授予高盛非洲环境奖，这是世界上对草根环境活动家的最高奖项，并详细讲述了她对于马拉维塑料禁令的颁布和执行所作出的努力。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“‘Goatseattheplasticforsaltytasteandtheydiebec

auseitblockstheingestionsystem.’Forher,thiswasthemomentwhenitallchanged.Allofasudden,shestartednoticinghowplastics

wereeverywhereintheMalawianenvironmentandfoodsystem-affectingpeople’slivingandhealth.(“山羊吃塑料是为了吃咸味，因为塑料堵塞了消化系统而死亡。”对她来说，这一

刻一切都变了。突然间，她开始注意到塑料在马拉维的环境和食品系统中无处不在，影响着人们的生活和健康)”可知，在了解到山羊因食用塑料而死亡的这一时刻，她意识到了马拉维的环境和食品中的塑料问题。故选A项。【5题

详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Infact,theMalawiangovernmentdecidedtobantheimportation,productionanddistributionofsingle-useplasticin2015.Butbeforethebancoul

dgointofulleffect,Malawi’splastics-producingindustryappealedtothecountry’sHighCourtagainsttheban,causingittobesuspended.(事实上，马拉维政府在

2015年就决定禁止进口、生产和分销一次性塑料。但在禁令全面生效之前，马拉维的塑料生产行业向该国高等法院上诉反对禁令，导致禁令被暂停)”以及第四段内容“Finallyin2019,Malawi’sHig

hCourtruledinfavoroftheban.Thefollowingyear,thegovernmentbeganclosingdownillegalplasticproducers.(最终在

2019年，马拉维高等法院裁定支持该禁令。第二年，政府开始关闭非法塑料生产商)”可知，马拉维政府曾在2015年决定颁布有关一次性塑料的禁令，但遭到了反对而被暂停，后在2020最终实现了相关禁令的推行。由此可知，它最初未能禁止一次性塑料。故选C项。【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“WhenMajiga-Kamotoandherfellowenvironmentalistsheardaboutthis,theywereannoyed.Sheorganizedmarchesandrejectedtheplastic

industry’sargumentthatthebanwouldhurtMalawi’seconomy—andevendebatedwithanindustryspokesmanonTV.Finallyin2019

,Malawi’sHighCourtruledinfavoroftheban.(当MajigaKamoto和她的环保主义伙伴们听到这件事时，他们很恼火。她组织了游行，拒绝了塑料行业有关禁令会损害马拉维经济的说

法，甚至在电视上与行业发言人进行了辩论。最终，2019年，马拉维高等法院裁定该禁令获得了支持)”可知，MajigaKamoto和她的环保主义伙伴们的行为最终促进了马拉维高等法院对该禁令的支持。由此推知，Majig

a行为的目的是为了促进该禁令的执行。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“WhenMajiga-Kamotoandherfellowenvironmentalistsheardaboutthis,theywereannoyed.Sheorganizedmarchesandre

jectedtheplasticindustry’sargumentthatthebanwouldhurtMalawi’seconomy—andevendebatedwithanindustryspokesmanonTV.(当MajigaKamoto和她的环保主义伙伴们听到这

件事时，他们很恼火。她组织了游行，拒绝了塑料行业有关禁令会损害马拉维经济的说法，甚至在电视上与行业发言人进行了辩论。)”可知，Majiga为了“塑料禁令”的颁布和推行作出了非常多的努力。由此推知，她是一个尽心尽

力的人。故选D项。【2023河南郑州一模】OnedayBethreceivedapianoasagiftfromherneighborMr.Laurence,whichhadbelongedtohislategranddaughter.Inspiteofhershyness,Bethwasdet

erminedtoshowhergratefulness.“You’llhavetogoandthankhim,”saidhersisterbywayofajoke,fortheideaofthechild’sreallygoingneverenter

edherhead.“Yes,Imeanto.IguessI’llgonow,beforeIgetfrightenedthinkingaboutit.”And,totheamazementofevery

onepresent,Bethwalkeddeliberatelydownthegarden,throughthefence,andinattheLaurences’door.“Well,IwishImaydieifitisn’tthestrang

estthingIeversee!”criedHannah,staringafterher,whiletheothergirlsweremadequitespeechlessbyherunexpectedact.Theywouldhavebeensti

llmoreamazediftheyhadseenwhatBethdidafterward.Shewentandknockedatthestudydoorbeforeshegaveherselftimetothink.Whenadeepvoicecalledout“Comein”,shedi

dgoin,rightuptoMr.Laurence,wholookedquitesurprised,andheldoutherhand,saying,withonlyasmallquakeinhervoice,“Icametoth

ankyou,sir,for...”Butshedidn’tfinish,forhelookedsofriendlythatsheforgotherspeechand,onlyrememberingthathehadlostthelit

tlegirlheloved,sheputbotharmsroundhisneckandkissedhim.Theoldgentlemancouldn’thavebeenmoreastonished.Buthelikedit.Oh,dear,yes

,helikeditamazingly!Andhewassotouchedandpleasedbythatlittlekissthathejustsetheronhisknee,andlaidhiswrinkledcheekagains

therrosyone,feelingasifhehadgothisownlittlegranddaughterbackagain.Bethdidn’tfearhimfromthatmoment,andsattheretalkingtohimfreelyasifshehadknownhi

mallherlife,forlovedrivesawayfear,andgratefulnesscandefeatpride.Whenshewenthome,hewalkedwithhertoherowngate,sh

ookhandswarmly,andtouchedhishatashemarchedbackagain,lookinglikeahandsome,oldgentleman,ashewas.4.HowdidtheothergirlsfeelwhenseeingBethwalkin

gtoMr.Laurence’shouse?A.Relieved.B.Shocked.C.Pleased.D.Terrified.5.Whydidn’tBethfinishherspeechwhenshesawMr.Laurence?A.Shewasshyandnervous.B.Sh

ewastooexcitedtospeak.C.Shewasmovedbyhiskindness.D.Shewastooafraidbeforeastranger.6.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressmainlyinthistext?A

.Weshouldovercomeourinnerfear.B.Loveandgratefulnesscandowonders.C.Weoughttorepaythosewhohelpus.D.Couragecomesfromstrongdeterm

ination..7.Whatisthetext?A.Anovel.B.Adiaryentry.C.Areport.D.Abookreview.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述小女孩贝丝收到了邻居

劳伦斯先生送给她的礼物——钢琴，这个礼物是属于他过世的孙女的。贝丝很感谢劳伦斯先生，虽然很害羞，但是贝丝仍然鼓起勇气去感谢劳伦斯先生。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“And,totheamazementofeveryonepresent,Bethwalkeddelib

eratelydownthegarden,throughthefence,andinattheLaurences’door.(令在场的所有人惊讶的是，贝丝故意沿着花园走，穿过栅栏，来到劳伦斯家门口。)”可知，看

到贝丝去劳伦斯的家，每个人都很惊讶。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Butshedidn’tfinish,forhelookedsofriendlythatsheforgotherspeechand,onlyrememberingthathehadlostthelittlegirlh

eloved,sheputbotharmsroundhisneckandkissedhim.(但她没有说完，因为他看起来很友好，以至于她忘记了自己的演讲，只记得他失去了他所爱的小女孩，她用双臂搂住他的脖子，吻了他一下。)”可知，贝

丝没有说完，是因为劳伦斯先生看起来很友好，所以她忘记了自己的演讲。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Bethdidn’tfearhimfromthatmoment,andsatthereta

lkingtohimfreelyasifshehadknownhimallherlife,forlovedrivesawayfear,andgratefulnesscandefeatpride.(贝丝从那一刻起就不害怕他，坐在那里和他畅所欲言，

仿佛她早就认识他一样，因为爱可以驱散恐惧，感激可以战胜骄傲。)”可知，作者想表达的是，爱和感激可以创造奇迹。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“OnedayBethreceivedapianoasagiftfromherneighborMr.Laurence

,whichhadbelongedtohislategranddaughter.Inspiteofhershyness,Bethwasdeterminedtoshowhergratefulness.(一天，贝丝收到邻居劳伦斯先生送给她的一架钢琴，这架钢琴是他已故孙女的。尽管贝丝害羞，但她决心表

达她的感激之情。)”可知，这篇文章讲述一个故事，属于记叙文。而且下文还有对话，所以这篇文章应该是小说。故选A。【2023河南安阳一模】InearlyAugust,HilaryKrieger,now44,wassittinginherparents’Bostonhomewhenherfriendac

cidentallysquirted(喷射)himselfwithanorangeslice.Shesaid,“Oh,theorangejustorbisculated.”Andhesaid,“Itdidw

hat?”Thetwomadeafive-dollarbet,andHilarygladlygrabbedthefamilydictionarybutfoundtheword“orbisculate”wasnotinit!Hi

laryburstintoherdad’sstudyandtoldhimtheshockingnews.Lookingawkward,herfatheradmittedthathehadmadeuptheword“orb

isculate”astheactionthathappens“whenyoudigyourspoonintoagrapefruitanditsquirtsjuicedirectlyintoyoureye”.Atfirst,H

ilarywasmad.Butshequicklycametoseeherdad’smade-upwordasagift.Itspeakstohiscreativityandtheideathat,evenwhensomethingispainfulandannoy

ing,likegettinggrapefruitjuiceinyoureye,youcanlaughandhavefunwithit.Hilary’sfatherNeilKriegerdiedinApril2020,atag

e78.SincetheKriegerscouldn’thaveaproperfuneral,HilarywhonowlivesinNewYork,spentalotoftimeonthephonetalkingwithfriendsandf

amily,andthe“orbisculate”storykeptcomingup.“Ibegantothink‘orbisculate’issuchagreatword;itshouldbeinthedictionary!”saysHilary.Sh

ecalledheryoungerbrotherJonathan,wholivesinBostonandrunsanonlinecompany.Theirgoalistoputthewordtousepubliclyenoug

hthatithasachanceofbecomingacceptable.Encouragingpeopletouse“orbisculate”inawidevarietyofcontextswil

lleaveacompelling(令人信服的)trailofevidenceforlexicographers(词典编纂者)tofollow.IthasbeenmorethantwoyearssinceNeil’sdeathand

hischildrenarestillstrugglingfromtheloss.Buttheircampaigntogettheirfather’swordintothedictionaryhashelpedthemwinbackalittleofthejoythathasb

eenmissingfromtheirlives.“Icouldpicturehimbeingreallyexcited,”Jonathansays.“AndnotuntilthatdaydidIknowmyfatherhadcreatedmany

‘words’thatwewouldn’tseeinthedictionary.”4.WhatmadeHilaryfind“orbisculate”doesn’texist?A.Apieceofshockingnews.B.Thelatestdictionary.C.Herfa

ther’sstrangereaction.D.Anaccidentbetweenherfriendandher.5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeHilary’sfather?A.

Strictandstubborn.B.Optimisticandcreative.C.Flexibleandreliable.D.Determinedandhardworking.6.WhendidH

ilarydecidetogettheword“orbisculate”intothedictionary?A.Afterherfather’sdeath.B.Whenherfathertoldherthetruth.C

.Afterherbrother’srequest.D.Aftersheputthewordtousepublicly.7.Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutinthefollowingpart?A.Hilaryencourages

peopletomakeupmorenewwords.B.TheintroductiontootherwordscreatedbyHilary’sfather.C.ThereplythattheofficialgaveHilaryandherbrother.D.Hilar

yandherbrotherwillcontinuetofightfortheirdemand.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是HilaryKrieger的爸爸创造了orbisculate这个词，她认为这显示了爸爸的创新精神，她努力想让这个词

被收录进词典。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“herfriendaccidentallysquirted(喷射)himselfwithanorangeslice.Shesaid,“Oh,theorangejustorbisculated.”Andhesaid

,“Itdidwhat?”Thetwomadeafive-dollarbet,andHilarygladlygrabbedthefamilydictionarybutfoundtheword“orbisculate”was

notinit!(她的朋友不小心用橘子片喷了自己。她说：“哦，橙子刚orbisculate了。”他说：“它做了什么?”两人打了一个五美元的赌，Hilary高兴地拿起了家庭词典，但发现里面没有“orbisculate”这个词！)”可知，她和朋友之间发生的意外事件让Hilary

发现“orbisculate”不存在，故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Itspeakstohiscreativityandtheideathat,evenwhensomethingispainfulandan

noying,likegettinggrapefruitjuiceinyoureye,youcanlaughandhavefunwithit.(这说明了他的创造力和他的想法，即使有些事情很痛苦和烦人，比如葡萄柚汁进眼睛了，你也可以笑着玩。)”可知，Hilar

y的父亲是乐观和有创造力的，故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Hilary’sfatherNeilKriegerdiedinApril2020(Hilary的父亲NeilKrieger于2020年4月去世)”和第四段的“Ibegantothink‘orbisculate’iss

uchagreatword;itshouldbeinthedictionary(我开始觉得‘orbisculate’是一个多么伟大的词；它应该在字典里！Hilary说)”可知，Hilary在她父亲死后决定把“orbisculate”这个词收入词典，故选A。【

7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“AndnotuntilthatdaydidIknowmyfatherhadcreatedmany‘words’thatwewouldn’tseeinthedictionary.(直到那天，我才知道我父亲创造了许多我们在

字典里找不到的‘词’。)”可知，接下来的部分可能会介绍Hilary的父亲创造的其他词汇，故选B。【2023陕西咸阳一模】BorninRussiaandlivinginanorphanage(孤儿院)forthefirst13monthsofherlife,JessicaLonghadnoid

eawhatherfuturewouldhold.ThelittlegirlbornwithFibularHemimeliawouldnotonlygoontobea13-timegoldmedal-winningP

aralympicchampion,butshewouldinspireotherstochasetheirdreams.LongwasborninRussia,whereshelivedinanorpha

nageuntilherparentsadoptedherin1993.Soonafterbeingadopted,shehadtohaveherlegsamputated(截肢)atonlyayearandahalf.“I

tgavemealotoffreedomandmovement,”Longsaid.“Butgrowingupwasdefinitelyreallyhard.Fromaveryearlyage,IjustdecidedthatIwasgoingtobeunstop

pableandIwasn’tgoingtoletmylegsholdmeback.”Fromthatpointforward,shedidn’tletanyonetellherwhatshewasorwasn’tcapableofdoing.Shestarteddo

inggymnasticsasakid.Then,in2002,Longfoundhersportforlife:swimming!“Iwastheonlygirlwithnolegsontheswimteam,”shesaid.“Thereweremome

ntsIstruggled,butmyteammatestreatedmelikeafriend.WhenIlookbackonmylifeandIthinkaboutanyoneonthatteam,noonemadefunofme

forhavingnolegsandtheyweresokind.”Longdefied(顶住)alloddsandsurprisedeveryonewhenshequalifiedatageonly12fortheParalym

picsin2004inAthens.AfterfourParalympics,Longhaswon13gold,sixsilver,andfourbronzemedals.ShehasdozensofWorldChampionshipmedalsandh

asbrokennumerousworldrecordsthroughouthercareersofar.Butshedidn’tconcentrateonwinningawardsorbeingfamous.“Ireallyjustloveswimming.It’s

importantforanyathletetorememberjustwhyyoustarted,”shesaid.Asoneofthemostdecoratedathletesinhistory,Long’sgoalistojustkeepcompetingaslo

ngasherbodyallows.“Dreambig,”shesaid.“Therearesomanypossibilitiesoutthere,sofindyourpassion,beconsistentandworkhard.Youdefin

eyourownsuccess.”24.HowoldwasLongwhenshefoundherlifesport?A.11B.10.C.12.D.13.25.WhatmadeJessicadeterminetodevoteh

erselftoswimming?A.Herexperienceofwinning13goldmedals.B.Herparents’supportandteachers’help.C.Herteammates’understandingandkindness

.D.Herfocusonwinningawardsandfame.26.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Apoororphanageandherclosefriends.B.Ahappygirlandherconfusingchildhood.C.Anamazingi

llnessanditsterribleinfluence.D.Aninspiringstoryaboutanunluckyperson.27.WhichofthefollowingmayLongmostagreewith

?A.Ifyoucandreamit,youcanmakeit.B.Ifyouwanttosucceed,learntoswim.C.Amanneverreachessuccessuntildisabled.D.Asportsma

n’sgoaliswinninggoldmedals.【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了残疾远动员杰西卡·朗克服身体限制，努力奋斗，成为了13枚残奥会金牌得主的故事。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中

“BorninRussiaandlivinginanorphanageforthefirst13monthsofherlife,JessicaLonghadnoideawhatherfuturewouldhold.(杰西卡·朗出生于俄罗斯，在她生命的前13个月住在孤儿院，她不知道

自己的未来会是什么样子)”以及第二段中“LongwasborninRussia,whereshelivedinanorphanageuntilherparentsadoptedherin1993.(朗出生在俄罗斯，在1993年被父母收养之前，她一直住在一家孤儿

院)”可知，朗是在1992年出生的，再根据第二段中“Then,in2002,Longfoundhersportforlife:swimming!(然后，在2002年，朗找到了她一生的运动：游泳!)”可知，她是在10岁时找到游泳这项终身运动的。故选B项。【25题详解】推理

判断题。根据第三段中“ThereweremomentsIstruggled,butmyteammatestreatedmelikeafriend.WhenIlookbackonmylifeandIthinkaboutanyoneonthatteam

,noonemadefunofmeforhavingnolegsandtheyweresokind.(有些时候我很挣扎，但我的队友们像朋友一样对待我。当我回顾我的人生，想到游泳队里的每一个人，没有人因为我没有腿而取笑我，他们都很

善良)”可推知，杰西卡也曾挣扎过，但是队友的理解和善良让她坚持下去了。故选C项。【26题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“BorninRussiaandlivinginanorphanageforthefirst13monthsofherlife,JessicaLonghadnoideawhat

herfuturewouldhold.ThelittlegirlbornwithFibularHemimeliawouldnotonlygoontobea13-timegoldmedal-winningParalym

picchampion,butshewouldinspireotherstochasetheirdreams.(杰西卡·朗出生于俄罗斯，在她生命的前13个月住在孤儿院，她不知道自己的未来会是什么样子。这个天生患有腓骨半足症的小女孩不仅成为了13

枚残奥会金牌得主，而且还激励了其他人去追逐他们的梦想)”以及最后一段“Asoneofthemostdecoratedathletesinhistory,Long’sgoalistojustkeepcompetingaslongasherbo

dyallows.“Dreambig,”shesaid.“Therearesomanypossibilitiesoutthere,sofindyourpassion,beconsistentandworkhard.Youdefineyourownsuccess.”(作为历史上获得荣誉最多的运

动员之一，朗的目标是只要她的身体允许，就继续比赛。“要有远大的梦想，”她说。“有太多的可能性，所以找到你的激情，坚持不懈，努力工作。你自己定义自己的成功。”)”可知，本文主要是通过讲述杰西卡的故事，来激励

他人，也就是一个关于不幸的人的鼓舞人心的故事。故选D项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后第一段中“Asoneofthemostdecoratedathletesinhistory,Long’sgoalistojustkeepcompetingaslongasherbodyal

lows.“Dreambig,”shesaid.“Therearesomanypossibilitiesoutthere,sofindyourpassion,beconsistentandworkhard.Youdefineyourowns

uccess.”(作为历史上获得荣誉最多的运动员之一，朗的目标是只要她的身体允许，就继续比赛。“要有远大的梦想，”她说。“有太多的可能性，所以找到你的激情，坚持不懈，努力工作。你自己定义自己的成功。”)”可知，杰西卡认为只要有梦想，你就要坚持下去，就能做到，所以她会同意A项“Ifyou

candreamit,youcanmakeit.(如果你能梦想，你就能做到)”。故选A项。【2023甘肃张掖一模】Whenyoung,Ilovedgoingontrail（小路）runs.Itwasmyfavoritewaytoescapestress.So,whenIwasba

ckinmyhometownafteratoughfirstyearofmyPh.D.program,IthoughtatrailrunwasjustwhatIneeded.Butinsteadofhelpingmerelax,therundidj

usttheopposite.AfterImovedtothecityforcollege,wheremyrunswereonflatconcretepathsinsteadofwindingdirttrails,IusedaGPSwatch.WhenIwent

ontrailrunsagaininthecountry,itconstantlyremindedmeofthefactthatIwasn’tkeepingupwithmyusualpace.Iturnedmywa

tchoff,thinkingthatwouldallowmetoenjoymysurroundingsandfindthepeaceIexpected,butIworriedIwasunderperforming.“Whycan’tIletgoand

justenjoymyself?”Iwondered.Butaftersomeintrospection（反省）,IrealizedwhyIwasstruggling—bothontrailrunsandingraduatesc

hool.GoingintomyPh.D.,Ihadthoughtthatmysolidundergraduatetrackrecordwouldsetmeupforinstantsuccess.Tomysurpr

ise,Iwaswrong.IlackedconfidenceinmyresearchabilitieswhichIthoughtstoppedmeperformingwellandIconstantlyfeltmyprogresswastoos

low.Otherstudents’self-confidenceandtheirexcellentresultsmademefeelinsecure.Finally,onedayIbrokedownintearsinmyadviser’soffice.Thenc

amemyvisithome:IwashavingtroublebecauseIhadn’tproperlyadjustedmyexpectationstothedifferencesbetweenanurbanrunandatrailrun.APh.D.i

slikeatrailrun:Sometimesyoucanrunfast.Sometimesyoumightfindyourselfclimbingupasteep,windingtrailatasna

il’space.Andthat’sOK.Barriersareunavoidable,andsuccesslooksandfeelsdifferentonachallengingtrailthanitdoe

sonasmooth,flatpath.Sometimesit’sbesttotakeadeepbreathanddoyourbesttomeetthechallenge.4.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhewa

sontrailrunsagain?A.Relaxed.B.Tired.C.Anxious.D.Happy.5.Whatresultedintheauthor’spoorperformanceinPh.DA.Hislackofconfidence.B.His

lackofhardwork.C.Hispoorresearchabilities.D.Hispoortrackrecord.6.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowinthelastparagraph?A.Hisdesire

forsuccess.B.Hisconfidenceoftrailruns.C.Hisexpectationsinhisstudy.D.Hisrealizationafterthetrailrun.7.Whatdoestheauthorw

anttotellus?A.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B.Workingoutregularlyisbeneficial.C.It’simportanttomakenecessaryadjustments.D.It’svitaltoturntoothers

forhelp.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在城市水泥路上和在乡村小路上跑步时的不同感受，反省了自己在博士课程方面不如意的原因，告诉读者要学会根据情况来调整自己的预期，

去收获成功与满足。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“butIworriedIwasunderperforming”可知，跑步没能让作者放松，相反却感到焦虑，故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Ilackedconfidenceinmyre

searchabilitieswhichIthoughtstoppedmeperformingwellandIconstantlyfeltmyprogresswastooslow.”可知，作者在学业方面差是由于自己对自己的研究能力缺乏自信，故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。上

文中作者对比了在城市水泥路上跑步和在乡村小路上跑步的不同，因此在文章末段作者表达了自己在经历这件事后的领悟，故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。作者在文章中主要通过自己跑步时不同感受的对比，反省了自己在博士课程方面不如意的原因，告诉读者要学会根据不同的情况来调整自己的

预期，故选C。【点睛】细节理解题大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。

在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如

换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。如第2小题，根据第三段中的“IlackedconfidenceinmyresearchabilitieswhichIthoughtstoppedmeperfo

rmingwellandIconstantlyfeltmyprogresswastooslow.”可知，作者在学业方面差是由于自己对自己的研究能力缺乏自信，故选A。【2023湖南长沙一模】WhenRooseveltwasakid,hisdoctorsclaimedthathewasto

oweaktoliveanormallifelikemostchildrenofhisage.Theystronglyrecommendedhimtoavoidparticipationinanyphysicalactivities,fearingthatitcou

ldworsenhishealthconditionandpotentiallyleadtohisdeath.Theiropinionsimpliedthathewouldfaceuptoalifefullofallkindsoflimitation

s.Insteadofpermittingtheirlimitingbeliefsaboutwhathecoulddoandachieve,hechosetoliveameaningfullife.Despitehisdoctors’strongsuggestions

thatheremaininactive,hedidn’twanttobeacarefreeobserveroftheworldasitpassedhimby.Hewasdeterminedtoforcehimselftobeactive.Roosevelthaddailya

dventuresinthewoodsasaboy.Hecontinuedtoplaysportswhenhegottocollege.Infact,hedidn’tjustplay,butheexcelledinbothboxingandrowing,bothofwhichrequireast

onishinglevelsofstrengthandendurance.WhenRooseveltgraduatedfromcollege,hisdoctorswerestillnotcompletelysureabouthishealthcondition.Theystillbelieved

thathewouldbeputtinghimselfinseriousdanger,becausehisheartproblemshadnotimproved.Theyfirmlybelievedthatitwouldbebesttofindadeskjobforhimafter

completingacollegedegree.Onceagain,Rooseveltdecidedtochallengehimselftohisphysicallimitsbylivinganextremelyenergeticadultlife.Inaboutever

yfieldhetookpart,hewouldaimtopushhisphysicallimits.Impressively,hewasexcellentasanexplorer,ahunter,anauthor,asol

dierandapolitician.Eventually,Rooseveltwentbeyondthemistakenlimitationuponhimandlivedanamazinglife.4.WhatwouldhappenifRooseveltfollowedhisd

octors’suggestions?A.Hewouldliveameaningfullife.B.Hislifewouldbefulloflimitations.C.Hisparentswouldfeelsatisfiedwithhim.D.Hewouldbecomea

nextraordinaryperson.5.WhatdidhisdoctorsexpectRoosevelttobecomeaftercollegegraduation?A.Anexplorer.B.Aboxingplayer.C.Anofficeclerk.D.Apo

litician.6.Howisthetextmainlydeveloped?A.Byfollowingtimeorder.B.Bylistingobviousreasons.C.Bygivingsomeexamples.

D.Bymakingnecessarycomparisons.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRoosevelt?A.Humorous.B.Generous.C.Considerate.D.Ambitious.【答案】4

.B5.C6.A7.D【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。Roosevelt小时候身体虚弱，医生建议他不要参加任何体育活动，但他突破身体的限制，选择过一种有意义的人生。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Theiropinionsimpliedthathewouldfaceupt

oalifefullofallkindsoflimitations.(他们的意见暗示他将面对充满各种限制的生活)”可知，如果遵照医生的建议，Roosevelt的生活将充斥着各种各样的限制。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“WhenRooseveltgraduatedfromcolle

ge,hisdoctorswerestillnotcompletelysureabouthishealthcondition.Theystillbelievedthathewouldbeputtinghimselfinseriousdanger,becauseh

isheartproblemshadnotimproved.Theyfirmlybelievedthatitwouldbebesttofindadeskjobforhimaftercompletingacollegedegr

ee.(罗斯福大学毕业时，他的医生们仍然对他的健康状况不完全确定。他们仍然认为他将把自己置于严重的危险之中，因为他的心脏问题没有得到改善。他们坚信，在他完成大学学位后，最好为他找一份办公室工作。)”可知，医生认为Roosevelt大学毕业后最好找一份办公

室工作。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“WhenRooseveltwasakid,hisdoctorsclaimedthathewastooweaktoliveanormallifelikemost

childrenofhisage.(当罗斯福还是个孩子的时候，他的医生说他太虚弱了，不能像大多数同龄的孩子那样过正常的生活)”；第三段中“Hecontinuedtoplaysportswhenhegottocollege.(上大学后，他继续参加体育运动)”以及“Theyfirmlybe

lievedthatitwouldbebesttofindadeskjobforhimaftercompletingacollegedegree.(他们坚信，在他完成大学学位后，最好为他找一份办公室工作)”可知，文章主要是按时间顺序叙述的。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题

。根据第一段的“Insteadofpermittingtheirlimitingbeliefsaboutwhathecoulddoandachieve,hechosetoliveameaningfullife.(他选择过有意义的生活，而不是让他们限制他能做什么和取

得什么成就。)”，第二段的“Hewasdeterminedtoforcehimselftobeactive.Roosevelthaddailyadventuresinthewoodsasaboy.(他决心强迫自己积极起来。罗斯福小时候每天都在森林里冒险。)”以及第

三段的“Impressively,hewasexcellentasanexplorer,ahunter,anauthor,asoldierandapolitician.(令人印象深刻的是，他是一位出色的探险家、猎人、作家、士

兵和政治家。)”可知，在Roosevelt小时候，他的医生建议他不要参加任何体育活动，担心参加体育活动会使他的健康状况恶化，但他选择过一种有意义的人生，成为出色的探险家、猎人、作家、士兵和政治家。由此可推知，Roosevelt有理想有抱负。故选

D。